Chapter XXV: Antiquity of the River-Drift (9)

[2201] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxv. p. 290. _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 363. _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. ii. p. 619; xii. p. 124.

[2202] See Pengelly in _Tr. Dev. Assoc._, vol. iv. p. 105.

[2203] _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. iv. p. 302, pl. iv. 2.

[2204] The pole-lathe is also still in use in the manufacture of metallic cocks in which the revolution of the barrel being turned has to be stopped before the complete circle has been gone through.—See Timmins’s “Birmingham and Mid. Hardware District,” (1866), p. 291.

[2205] Hutchins’ “Dorset,” vol. i. p. 38. Gough’s “Camden’s Brit.,” vol. i. p. 70, pl. ii. Warne’s “Celtic Tumuli,” § 3, p. 4.

[2206] Warne, _l. c._

[2207] “Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. xlviii.

[2208] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxiii. p. 35.

[2209] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxiv. p. 189, whence the cut is borrowed.

[2210] Erroneously called a celt by Mr. Kirwan.

[2211] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xiii. p. 183; xv. 90. _Sussex Arch. Coll._, vol. ix. p. 120.

[2212] “Der Bernstein-schmuck der Steinzeit,” Königsberg in Pr., 1882.

[2213] _Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond._, vol. i. p. 296, pl. i. _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 51.

[2214] “Stone Age,” pl. x. 210.

[2215] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. viii. p. 213.

[2216] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxvii. p. 160, pl. ii. 2.

[2217] _Arch. Camb._, 5th S., vol. viii. p. 56.

[2218] Vol. xxvi. p. 288.

[2219] _Journ. Eth. Soc._, vol. ii. p. 430.

[2220] _P. S. A. S._, vol. vii. p. 478.

[2221] _P. S. A. S._, vol. vii. p. 502, fig. vii.; viii. p. 232; xxix. p. 6.

[2222] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xi. pp. 82, 83.

[2223] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ii. pp. 4, 59; vol. x. p. 539.

[2224] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. x. p. 539.

[2225] _P. S. A. S._, vol. ii. p. 191.

[2226] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. x. p. 538.

[2227] _Ibid._, vol. i. p. 149.

[2228] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. x. p. 548.

[2229] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xii. p. 263.

[2230] Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 206. Hibbert’s “Shetland,” p. 412. “Cat. Mus. Soc. Ant. L.,” p. 18.

[2231] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 173.

NOTES—CHAPTER XXI.

[2232] “Brit. Barrows,” pp. 33, 187, 188.

[2233] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 431. “Cran. Brit.,” pl. 54.

[2234] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xiv. p. 266; xxiv. p. 10.

[2235] “Le Signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme,” 1866.

[2236] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 264.

[2237] _Antea_, p. 265.

[2238] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 263.

[2239] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 230.

[2240] Vol. ii. pl. 58, 2. See also “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 184A and No. 74.

[2241] Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 442. _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ii. p. 307. “Cat. A. I. M. Ed.,” p. 22.

[2242] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 68.

[2243] “Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 152.

[2244] _Reliq._, vol. viii. p. 86.

[2245] Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 172.

[2246] _L. c._, p. 239.

[2247] _Arch._, vol. xlix. p. 189.

[2248] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. iv. p. 60. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. 54, 2.

[2249] Vol. vi. p. 188.

[2250] _Arch._, vol. lii. p. 19.

[2251] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xv. p. 269.

[2252] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxiv. p. 257.

[2253] _Arch._, vol. xxxiv. p. 256. They seem to be incorrectly represented in pl. xx.

[2254] Klebs, “Der Bernstein-schmuck der Stein-zeit.” Königsberg, 1882.

[2255] Hoare’s “South Wilts,” pl. x. and xii. _Arch._, vol. xv. pl. vii. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 54.

[2256] Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scotland,” vol. i. p. 441.

[2257] _Arch._, vol. viii. p. 429.

[2258] P. 426.

[2259] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, vol. iii. p. 58.

[2260] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. ii. p. 484; vi. 62.

[2261] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xx. p. 304.

[2262] _Arch._, vol. xv. p. 122. Hoare’s “South Wilts,” pl. vii.

[2263] “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 45, 3.

[2264] Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 435. _Arch. Scot._, vol. iii. p. 49, pl. v. _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. iii. p. 47. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 15.

[2265] _Arch._, vol. xliii. p. 515.

[2266] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. viii. p. 409.

[2267] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. viii. p. 412.

[2268] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xii. p. 294.

[2269] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 89. _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. ii. p. 234.

[2270] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 92. _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. ii. p. 235.

[2271] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 25. _A. A. J._, vol. vii. p. 216. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 35, 2.

[2272] “Norfolk Arch.,” vol. viii. p. 319.

[2273] “T. Y. D.,” p. 46. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 35, 3.

[2274] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 228.

[2275] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. vi. p. 4; xx. 104.

[2276] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxiv. p. 257. See also _Proc. Soc. Ant._, vol. i. p. 34.

[2277] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxix. p. 283.

[2278] _P. S. A. S._, vol. iii. p. 78.

[2279] _Ib._, vol. vi. p. 203.

[2280] Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 434. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 17.

[2281] Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 435.

[2282] “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 15.

[2283] Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 436.

[2284] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xiv. p. 261; xxv. p. 65.

[2285] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xxvi. p. 6.

[2286] Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 46. See also “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 173A.

[2287] A. C. Smith, “Ants. of N. Wilts,” pp. 18, 19. _Wilts Arch. Mag._, vol. xvi. pp. 179, 181. (These objects are now in the British Museum.)

[2288] “Norfolk Archæology,” vol. iii. p. 1.

[2289] “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” Nos. 56, 57. In the _Archæologia_, vol. xv. pl. vii., the rim and the top or bottom of the box are shown as quite distinct. Mr. Cunnington thought they might have covered the ends of staves.

[2290] _Arch. Camb._, 3rd. S., vol. xii. p. 110.

[2291] _Reliquary_, vol. ix. p. 67.

[2292] Vol. xxii. p. 112. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 334.

[2293] Vol. xxii. p. 245. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 366.

[2294] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 74. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 60, 2.

[2295] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 420, fig. 159.

[2296] _Arch._, vol. lii. p. 41.

[2297] _Arch._, vol. lii. p. 57.

[2298] _Arch. Journ._, vol. vii. p. 190.

[2299] “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 10.

[2300] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxii. p. 74. _Arch. Camb._, 3rd S., vol. xii. p. 97.

[2301] _Arch. Assoc. J._, vol. vii. p. 217.

[2302] _Arch._, vol. viii. p. 59.

[2303] _Arch._, vol. xxxviii. p. 413.

[2304] _P. S. A. S._, vol. vi. p. 112. App. p. 42.

[2305] _Trans. Ethn. Soc._, vol. vii. p. 50.

[2306] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xiii. p. 127.

[2307] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 131. _Arch._, vol. liv. p. 106.

[2308] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xv. p. 268.

[2309] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. iii. p. 344. _Arch._, vol. xxxv. p. 247.

[2310] Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 124.

[2311] Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. xxxvii. c. 2.

[2312] _Rev. Arch._, vol. xv. p. 364.

[2313] “Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. xlix.

[2314] See _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. i. p. 325.

[2315] Vol. xvi. p. 299.

[2316] _Ibid._, p. 300.

[2317] _Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Ant. Field Club_, vol. xiii., 1892, p. 178.

[2318] _Arch._, vol. xxxi. p. 452.

[2319] Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 114, pl. xiii.

[2320] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxvi. p. 304.

[2321] _Arch._, vol. lii. p. 52.

[2322] _Op. cit._, p. 56.

[2323] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xv. p. 269.

[2324] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xxiii. p. 219.

[2325] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. xv. p. 268. Munro, “Lake-dw.,” p. 50.

[2326] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. ix. p. 538.

[2327] Wood-Martin, “Rude Stone Mon. of Ireland,” 1888, p. 60.

[2328] Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 124.

[2329] _Ibid._

[2330] _Op. cit._, p. 165.

[2331] _Op. cit._, p. 183, pl. xxii.

[2332] Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 75. _Arch._, vol. lii. p. 430.

[2333] “Brit. Barrows,” p. 249.

[2334] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xv. p. 337.

[2335] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 53.

[2336] _Op. cit._, p. 63.

[2337] _Op. cit._, p. 29. C. R. Smith, “Coll. Ant.,” vol. i. p. 55.

[2338] _Arch._, xii. p. 327.

[2339] “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 58, 2.

[2340] “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 67.

[2341] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 123.

[2342] “Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 130.

[2343] _Reliquary_, vol. iii. p. 206.

[2344] _Reliquary_, vol. xiv. p. 88.

[2345] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 278.

[2346] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xvi. p. 90.

[2347] _A. J._, vol. xiii. p. 412.

[2348] _Proc. S. A. S._, vol. viii. p. 350.

[2349] Wood-Martin, “Rude Stone Mon. of Ireland,” 1888, p. 86. _Journ. R. Hist. and Arch. Assoc. of Ireland_, 4th S., vol. v. p. 107.

[2350] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxii. p. 314.

[2351] _A. J._, vol. xiii. p. 412.

[2352] _Arch. Camb._, 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 91. _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xvi. p. 326.

[2353] Bonwick, “Daily Life of the Tasmanians,” p. 194.

[2354] Bonwick, _op. cit._, pp. 193–201.

[2355] Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. vii. cap. 40.

[2356] Ovid, “Met.,” lib. xv. v. 41.

[2357] “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 338.

[2358] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. x. p. 164.

[2359] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. v. p. 327.

[2360] “Desc. of West. Isl. of Scot., 1703,” p. 226, quoted by Stuart, “Sculpt. St. of Scot.,” vol. ii. p. lv.

[2361] _P. S. A. S._, vol. iv. pp. 211, 279.

[2362] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xxii. p. 63.

[2363] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xxiv. p. 157.

[2364] _P. S. A. S._, vol. xxvii. p. 433.

[2365] De Bonstetten, “Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” p. 8. Nilsson, “Stone Age,” p. 215.

[2366] Blundevill’s “Fower chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship,” quoted in _N. and Q._, 6th S., vol. i. p. 54.

[2367] _Arch. f. Anth._, vol. xxii. (1894), “Corr. Blatt.,” p. 101.

[2368] _P. S. A. S._, vol. v. p. 128. _Anthrop. Rev._, vol. iv. p. 401. See also _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xvii. p. 135, and “The Denham Tracts,” vol. ii., Folklore Soc., 1895.

[2369] _Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot._, vol. v. p. 315.

[2370] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxiv. p. 40. _Matériaux_, vol. v. p. 118, 249, &c.

[2371] “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. i. 2.

[2372] Baudot, “Sép. des Barb.,” p. 78.

[2373] Lindenschmidt, “A. u. h. V.,” vol. ii. Heft xii. Taf. vi. 12.

[2374] “Lapland,” ed. 1704, p. 277.

[2375] “_Cong. Préh. Lisbonne_,” 1880, pl. v. Da Veiga, “Ant. de Algarve,” 1856. Cartailhac, p. 92.

[2376] Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 86.

NOTES—CHAPTER XXII.

[2377] See, for instance, Desnoyer’s “Recherches sur les Cavernes” in the “Dict. Univ. d’Hist. nat.” Pengelly, _Geologist_, vol. v. p. 65. _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. i. pt. iii. p. 31. Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” 10th edit., vol. ii. p. 514, &c.; and W. Boyd Dawkins, “Cave-hunting,” 1874. Many British caverns have been well described by Mr. E. A. Martel in his “Irlande et Cavernes Anglaises,” Paris, 1897.

[2378] “Gutta cavat lapidem, consumitur annulus usu.”—De Pont., lib. iv. El. x. v. 5. See also Lucretius, lib. i. v. 313:—

“Annulus in digito subtertenuatur habendo Stillicidi casus lapidem cavat.”

[2379] See Prestwich, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xi. p. 64.

[2380] See Rev. H. Eley, F.G.S., in _Geol._, vol. iv. p. 521. Pengelly, _Geol._, vol. v. p. 65.

[2381] Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” 10th edit., vol. ii. p. 520.

[2382] “Elements of Geol.,” 6th edit., p. 122.

[2383] Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. vii. cap. 56.

[2384] Æschylus, “Prom. Vinct.,” l. 452.

[2385] “Laus Serenæ,” v. 77.

[2386] Described in the “Reliquiæ Aquitanicæ,” London, 1875.

[2387] “Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles découverts dans les Cavernes de la Province de Liège,” 2 vols., 1833.

[2388] _Ann. des Sc. Nat. (Zool.)_, 4th S., vol. xv. p. 231.

[2389] “Les Temps Antéhistoriques en Belgique,” 1871.

[2390] _Matériaux_, vol. iv. p. 453; v. p. 172. _Cong. Préh. Bruxelles_, 1872, p. 432. _Rev. d’Anthrop._, 1st S., vol. i. p. 432. “Musée Préhist.” Tableau.

[2391] Lartet and Christy in _Rev. Arch._, vol. ix. p. 238. Le Hon, “L’homme foss.,” 36, 62. Mortillet, _Matériaux_, vol. iii. p. 191.

[2392] “Le Mâcon préh.,” _Arch. du Mus. d’hist. nat. de Lyon_, 1872, vol. i.

[2393] _L’Anthropologie_, vol. ii. p. 141; vol. vii., 1896, p. 385. _Nature_, vol. lv., 1897, p. 229.

[2394] “Age de la Pierre,” Alcan, Paris, 1891. _Bull. de la Soc. dauphinoise d’Ethn._, 5 mars, 1894.

[2395] _Quar. Journ. G. S._, vol. xxv., 1869, p. 192. “Cave-hunting,” p. 359.

[2396] _Trans. Prehist. Cong._, 1868, p. 278.

[2397] _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 272.

[2398] _Beitr. zür Anth. Baierns_, vol. ii. p. 210, pl. xii.

[2399] _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 275. “Cave-hunting,” p. 234.

[2400] See “Rel. Aquit.,” pp. 93, 94. _Trans. Dev. Assoc._, vol. vi. p. 322. _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. ii. p. 2.

[2401] Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 48.

[2402] “Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 522.

[2403] _Trans. Devonsh. Assoc._, vol. ii. p. 469; iii. 191; iv. 467. To this paper I am largely indebted.

[2404] _L. c._, vol. iii. p. 203.

[2405] _Trans. Dev. Assoc._, vol. iii. p. 321.

[2406] _L. c._, p. 327.

[2407] _Proc. G. S._, vol. iii. p. 386. _Trans. G. S._, 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 433.

[2408] Vol. iii. p. 353.

[2409] See _Reports of the Brit. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science_, 1865–71, inclusive. See also a lecture on “Kent’s Cavern, Torquay,” by W. Pengelly, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., in _Proc. R. I. Gt. Britain_, Feb. 23, 1866. Dawkins, “Early Man in Britain,” p. 194. “Cave-hunting,” p. 324.

[2410] Vols. vi. to xviii. See also _Quar. Journ. of Science_, April, 1874.

[2411] See _Report Brit. Assoc._ 1873, pp. 206, 209.

[2412] _Op. cit._, p. 209.

[2413] “Recherches Chimiques sur la Patine des Silex taillés.” Montauban, 1866. See also Judd, in _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. x. p. 218, and Lobley, _op. cit._, p. 226; as also _Comptes Rendus de l’Ac. des Sc._, 1875, p. 979.

[2414] _Nature_, vol. xlii. p. 7.

[2415] Nilsson, “Stone Age,” p. 44.

[2416] Dupont, “L’Homme pend. les Ages de la Pierre,” p. 71.

[2417] See p. 325 _supra_.

[2418] “Lapland” (1704), p. 223.

[2419] Dawkins, “Cave-hunting,” p. 112.

[2420] P. 50.

[2421] _L’Anthropologie_, vol. vi. 1895, p. 276, and Cartailhac, _op. cit._, vii. p. 309.

[2422] P. 127.

[2423] P. 361.

[2424] _Trans. Dev. Assoc._, vol. v. p. 179; vii. p. 247.

[2425] _L’Anthropologie_, vol. v., 1894, p. 371.

[2426] “Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 486.

[2427] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, 1860, vol. xvi. p. 189. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 321. _Geologist_, vol. i. p. 538; vol. iv. p. 153. _Brit. Assoc. Report_, 1858.

[2428] P. 471.

[2429] _Proc. Dev. Assoc._, vol. vi. p. 775.

[2430] “Cave-hunting,” p. 319.

[2431] Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 99. _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. i. pt. iii. 31.

[2432] Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 296.

[2433] _Geologist_, vol. iv. p. 154.

[2434] Such as “Reliq. Aquit.,” A., pl. v. fig. 2.

[2435] See _Proc. Devon. Assoc._, vol. vi. p. 835. _Phil. Trans._, 1873, p. 551.

[2436] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 247.

[2437] _Op. cit._, p. 462.

[2438] _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. xviii. p. 161.

[2439] _Op. cit._, vol. xix. p. 419.

[2440] Vol. xviii., 1862, p. 115; xix., 1863, 260. See also Dawkins on “The Habits and Conditions of the Two earliest-known Races of Men,” _Quart. Journ. of Science_, 1866, _Macmillan’s Magazine_, Oct. and Dec., 1870, “Cave-hunting,” p. 295, and “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 193, and Hamy, “Paléont. Humaine,” p. 117.

[2441] Vol. xviii. p. 118. For the use of this block I am indebted to the Council of the Geological Society.

[2442] See Lubbock’s “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 329.

[2443] “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 171.

[2444] Falconer, “Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 538. _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvi., 1860, p. 487. _Geologist_, vol. iii. p. 413.

[2445] “Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 540.

[2446] “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 173.

[2447] _Geologist_, vol. vi. p. 47; v. 115.

[2448] _Geol. Mag._, vol. ii. p. 471.

[2449] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. ix. p. 9.

[2450] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlii. p. 9; xliii. p. 9. _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. ix. p. 26.

[2451] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xliii. p. 112; xliv. 112. _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. x. p. 14. _Nature_, vol. ix. p. 14. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1886.

[2452] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xliv. p. 564.

[2453] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xliii. p. 116. _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. iii. p. 387. _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxxii. p. 91. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 192.

[2454] _Geol. Mag._, vol. viii. p. 433. _Brit. Assoc. Report_, 1871.

[2455] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxxi. p. 679; xxxii. p. 240; xxxiii. p. 579; xxxv. p. 724.

[2456] “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 175. See also Pennington’s “Barrows, and Bone Caves of Derbyshire,” p. 99. _Journ. Derb. A. and N. H. Soc._, vol. iv. (1882), p. 169.

[2457] _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. iii. pp. 392, 516. _B. A. Rep._, 1874–5. Miall’s “Geol., &c., of Craven,” 1878, p. 25. J. Geikie’s “Preh. Europe,” p. 97. Dawkin’s “Cave-hunting,” p. 81.

[2458] _Tr. Derb. A. and N. H. Soc., N. S._, vol. i. p. 177.

NOTES—CHAPTER XXIII.

[2459] See Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 277—1864, 247; Evans, _Arch._, vol. xxxviii. p. 280; vol. xxxix. p. 57. Sir J. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” p. 349. _Nat. Hist. Rev._ (1862), p. 244. Sir C. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 93. Wilson, “Prehist. Man,” vol. i. p. 105. Falconer, “Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 596. _London Review_, Jan., 1860; _Gentleman’s Magazine_, March and April, 1861; _Blackwood’s Magazine_, Oct., 1860; _Quarterly Review_, Oct., 1863; _Edinburgh Review_, July, 1863; _Proc. Royal Inst._, Feb. 26, 1864, &c. It seems needless now (1897) to add to these references.

[2460] “Mémoire sur des Instruments en Silex trouvés à St. Acheul, près Amiens.”

[2461] “Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 597.

[2462] P. Salmon, “Dict. Pal. du Dép. de l’Aube,” 1882, p. 179.

[2463] _Matériaux_, vol. xiii., 1878, p. 22; vol. xvi., 1881, p. 329, 410. E. Chouquet, “Les Silex taillés de Chelles,” 4to, 1883.

[2464] _L’Anthropologie_, vol. vi., 1895, p. 497.

[2465] Cochet, “Seine Inéfrieure,” p. 248.

[2466] _Op. cit._, p. 503.

[2467] G. Dumoutier, 1882.

[2468] Gosselet, Lille, 1891.

[2469] “Mus. Préh.,” 44, 46. _Mat._, vol. viii., 1873, pp. 163, 245.

[2470] _Rev. Arch. du Midi de la France_, 1868. _Mat._, vol. xiii., 1878, 40.

[2471] _Bull. Soc. Ant. de Brux._, vol. xiii. 1894–5.

[2472] _Ann. Soc. Arch. de Brux._, vol. v. p. 145. _Rev. des Quest. scient._, July, 1891. See also _Cong. Préh. Bruxelles_, 1872, p. 250, and _Cong. Arch. de Brux._, 1891, p. 538.

[2473] _Zeitsch. f. Ethn._, vol. xxiv., 1892, p. 366. _Mitth. d’Ant. Ges. in Wien_, N. S., vol. xiii., 1893, p. 204. _L’Anthropologie_, vol. viii., 1897, p. 53.

[2474] _Cong. Préh. Buda-Pest_, 1876, p. 33.

[2475] _Mitth. d’Anth. Ges. in Wien_, N. S. vol. xiii. 1893, p. 77.

[2476] _L’Anthrop._, vol. vi. 1895, p. 1. De Baye, “Rapport sur les découvertes de M. Savenkow dans la Sibérie Orient.,” 1894.

[2477] Nicolucci, _Rendiconte dell’ Accad. di Napoli_, August, 1868. Rossi, _Rev. Arch._, vol. xvi. p. 48. Ceselli, “Stromenti in Silice di Roma,” 1866. _Macmillan’s Magazine_, September, 1867.

[2478] Concezio Rosa, “Ricerche di Arch. Preist.” Firenze, 1871, pl. ii. 1.

[2479] _Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn._, vol. viii., 1878, p. 41.

[2480] Gastaldi, “Iconografia,” 1869, 4to, vol. ii.

[2481] _Bull. di Paletn. Ital._, 1876, p. 122, pl. iv. 1.

[2482] _Bull. Soc. Géol. de France_, 2 S., t. xx., 1863, p. 698.

[2483] _L’Anthrop._, vol. vi., 1895, p. 616.

[2484] “Ages préh. de l’Esp. et du Port.,” 1886, p. 26.

[2485] “Les premiers Ages du mét. en Espagne,” 1887, p. 249.

[2486] _Cong. préh. Lisbonne_, 1880, p. 237.

[2487] “Ages préh. de l’Esp. et du Port,” 1886, p. 30.

[2488] _Rev. Arch._, vol. xv. p. 18.

[2489] “Rivers and their Catchment Basins.”

[2490] _Athenæum_, April 4, 1863, p. 459.

[2491] Wyatt in _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xviii., p. 113; xx., p. 187. _Geologist_, vol. iv. p. 242. See also _Bedfordshire Archit. and Archæol. Soc. Trans._, 1861 and 1862. Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 253. _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvii., p. 366. Evans, _Arch._, vol. xxxix. p. 69. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 163.

[2492] Matt. Paris, “Vit. Offæ II.,” p. 32.

[2493] Walsingham, “Hist. Ang.,” _s. a._ 1399.

[2494] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 254.

[2495] Prestwich, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvii., p. 367.

[2496] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xviii., p. 113; xx., p. 185.

[2497] Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 284. Wyatt, _ubi sup._

[2498] Vol. xxxix. pl. iii.

[2499] _Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 6.

[2500] _Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 2.

[2501] _Trans. Watford Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. i. p. lxi. _Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 7.

[2502] Several are figured in _Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xii.

[2503] “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 261.

[2504] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. xiv., 1896, p. 417.

[2505] A detailed account of Mr. Reid’s work is given in the _Proc. Roy. Soc._, March 4th, 1897, vol. lxi. p. 40.

[2506] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v. p. 35.

[2507] Seeley, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1866), vol. xxii. p. 475.

[2508] _Antiquarian Comm._, vol. ii. p. 201.

[2509] _Geol. Mag._, 2nd Decade, vol. v. (1878), p. 400. See also _Camb. Ant. Comm._, vol. iv. p. 177, where the specimens are figured.

[2510] _Nature_, vol. xxx. (1884), p. 632.

[2511] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1866), vol. xxii. p. 478.

[2512] _Nature_, vol. xxxiv. (1886), p. 521.

[2513] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1861), vol. xvii. p. 363.

[2514] “Flint Chips,” p. 43.

[2515] _Arch. Assoc. Journ._, vol. xxxviii. p. 208.

[2516] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xiv. p. 51, pl. iv.–vi. “Man the Primeval Savage,” p. 280.

[2517] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 253. See also _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1861), vol. xvii. p. 364. Evans, _Arch._, vol. xxxviii. p. 302; vol. xxxix. p. 63. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 169.

[2518] “Rel. Aquit.,” A. pl. v.

[2519] “Rel. Aquit.,” A. pl. xvii. 3, 4.

[2520] _Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst. of Arch. and N. H._, vol. i. p. 4.

[2521] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1866), vol. xxii. p. 567; (1867), vol. xxiii. p. 45.

[2522] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. pp. 272, 449.

[2523] Mr. Trigg (_Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst._, vol. i. p. 5) gives the following section:—

1. Surface soil 1 foot.

2. Yellow sand, slightly argillaceous, interspersed with ferruginous seams and layers of small flint shingle 5 to 7 feet.

3. Slightly rolled and sub-angular flints in an ochreous sandy matrix, with seams of silt and chalky detritus—variable 6 to 9 feet.

4. A similar matrix, with larger chalky patches, large masses of flint but slightly broken, and some sub-angular flints—variable 6 to 9 feet.

It is in No. 3 that the implements are usually met with.

[2524] Mr. Flower is mistaken in saying that these are some feet above the gravel in which the implements occur. Implements are found both above and below such seams, though for the most part towards the base of the gravel.

[2525] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 431.

[2526] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1867), vol. xxiii. p. 47.

[2527] _Arch._, vol. xxxix. p. 77.

[2528] _Q. J. G. S._ (1867), vol. xxiii. pp. 49, 52.

[2529] _Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst._, vol. i. p. 4.

[2530] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. pl. xx.

[2531] See an article, “On some Cavities in the Gravel of the Little Ouse,” _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 443.

[2532] Franks, _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 124.

[2533] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. pp. 272, 449.

[2534] _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 445.

[2535] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. p. 449.

[2536] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. p. 449.

[2537] _Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc._, vol. iii. p. 285.

[2538] _Geol. Survey Mem._ “On the Manufacture of Gun-flints,” 1879, p. 68. J. Geikie, “Preh. Europe,” 1881, p. 263. Miller and Skertchly, “The Fenland,” 1868, p. 546, _et seqq._

[2539] _Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst._, vol. i. p. 4.

[2540] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. p. 452.

[2541] _Essex Nat._, vol. ii. p. 97.

[2542] This discovery is mentioned in Miller and Skertchly, “The Fenland” (1878), p. 353.

[2543] _Natural Science_, vol. x. (1897) p. 89.

[2544] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxxv. p. 265.

[2545] _Arch._, vol. xiii. p. 204.

[2546] 4th ed., pp. 353, 354. See also _Geologist_, vol. iv. p. 19.

[2547] 1860, p. 277; 1864, p. 247. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 166.

[2548] Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 307.

[2549] _Geologist_, vol. iii. p. 347.

[2550] Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” pl. xlvi.

[2551] _Phil. Trans._, 1860, pl. xiv. 6.

[2552] _Arch._, vol. xiii. pl. xv.

[2553] 1876, p. 289.

[2554] _Report_, 1888, p. 674.

[2555] _Report_, 1895, p. 679.

[2556] _Report_, 1895, p. lxxxvi.

[2557] _Report_, 1896, p. 400. _Essex Nat._, vol. ix., p. 245.

[2558] _Essex Nat._, vol. ii. p. 187.

[2559] _Essex Nat._, vol. vi. p. 78.

[2560] Vol. i. p. lxiv.

[2561] Vol. xxxviii. p. 301. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 160. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 352. “Horæ Ferales,” p. 132, pl. i. 21. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” 1880, p. 156.

[2562] _Nature_, vol. xxviii. p. 564.

[2563] _Nature_, vol. xxix. p. 15.

[2564] _Nature_, vol. xxviii. p. 564.

[2565] Stanford, 1894.

[2566] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xi. p. 107.

[2567] _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 392.

[2568] _Geol. and Nat. Hist. Repert._, vol. i. p. 373.

[2569] “Ant. of Man,” pp. 161, 124.

[2570] _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 391. See also _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. p. 95.

[2571] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1869), vol. xxv. p. 99.

[2572] “Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 214. _Nature_, vol. xxvii. p. 270.

[2573] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xii. p. 176; xiii. p. 357. _Nature_, vol. xxv. p. 460; xxvi. p. 579. _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. viii. p. 126. _Essex Naturalist_, vol. i. p. 125.

[2574] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. viii. p. 336.

[2575] _Op. cit._, vol. viii., p. 344.

[2576] _Mem. Geol. Survey_, “The Geology of London, &c.,” vol. i., 1889.

[2577] “Man the Prim. Sav.,” p. 222, fig. 148.

[2578] _Op. cit._, p. 225, fig. 151.

[2579] _Op. cit._, p. 239, fig. 165.

[2580] _Op. cit._, p. 224, fig. 150. See also _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896. pl. xiii., xiv.

[2581] _Brit. Assoc. Report_, 1869, p. 130. He has also kindly furnished me with other particulars.

[2582] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxviii. p. 449.

[2583] J. A. Brown, “Palæolithic Man in N.W. Middlesex,” p. 113.

[2584] _Quar. Journ. of Science_, vol. viii., 1878, p. 316.

[2585] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlii., 1886, p. 197. “Palæolithic Man in N.W. Middlesex,” London, 1887. _Nature_, vol. xxxv., p. 555. _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, June 18, 1887, vol. x., 1888, p. 172. _Trans. Middlesex Nat. Hist. Soc._, Feb. 12, 1889, Whitaker, “Geol. of Lond.,” p. 308.

[2586] _Proc. S. A._, 2nd S., vol. xi. p. 211.

[2587] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. ix. p. 316; 1881, p. 1. _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. xiv., p. 153.

[2588] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. x., 1888, p. 361.

[2589] “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 241. _Nature_, vol. xxvi. p. 293; xxviii. p. 617.

[2590] _Tr. Berks. Archæol. and Archit. Soc._, vol. ii., 1896, pp. 16, 39, 43.

[2591] “Pal. Man in N.W. Middlesex,” p. 31.

[2592] _Journ. Arch. Assoc._, vol. xxxvii. pp. 1, 79. _Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. viii. p. 348. Tr. Berks. A. and A. Soc._, 1882.

[2593] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxxvi. p. 296.

[2594] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlvi., 1890, p. 582. See also Mr. H. W. Monckton, F.G.S., in _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlix., 1893, p. 310.

[2595] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxiv., 1895, p. 44, pl. iii.

[2596] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlix., 1893, p. 321.

[2597] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xiv., 1885, p. 192.

[2598] See also Hedges’ “Wallingford,” 1881, vol. i. p. 29.

[2599] _Op. cit._, p. 29.

[2600] _Antiquary_, vol. xxx. pp. 148, 192. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1894 (Oxford), p. 663.

[2601] Evans, _Arch._, vol. xxxix. p. 72; Prestwich, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1861), vol. xvii. p. 367; Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 161; Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 353.

[2602] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. vii. p. 278.

[2603] _Surr. Arch. Coll._, vol. xi.

[2604] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. xiii. p. 77.

[2605] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. xiii. p. 80.

[2606] _Arch._, vol. xxxix. p. 73. Prestwich, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvii. p. 368. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

[2607] _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii. pl. xi. 8.

[2608] Stanford, London, 8vo, 1894.

[2609] “Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 179.

[2610] _Op. cit._, p. 91.

[2611] _Op. cit._, p. 170. _Nature_, vol. xliii. p. 345.

[2612] _Nature_, vol. xl. p. 151.

[2613] _Nature_, vol. xxiv. p. 582; vol. xxviii. p. 490.

[2614] “Man the Prim. Savage,” figs. 97, 98, 99, pp. 135, 136. See also _Essex Nat._, vol. i.

[2615] Figs. 58, 69, 70, and 71, in “Man the Prim. Savage.”

[2616] Vol. ii., 1888, p. 67.

[2617] _Op. cit._, p. 101, fig. 65.

[2618] _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 4.

[2619] _Op. cit._, p. 180, fig. 125. _Essex Nat._, vol. i. p. 36.

[2620] _Op. cit._ p. 184.

[2621] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v. p. 165.

[2622] _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 3.

[2623] _Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 5.

[2624] _Op. cit._, p. 184. _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. viii., 1879, p. 278. _Nature_, vol. xxiii. p. 604.

[2625] _Op. cit._, p. 185.

[2626] _Op. cit._, p. 214.

[2627] _Essex Nat._, vol. iii. p. 235.

[2628] _Essex Nat._, vol. iv. p. 17.

[2629] _Essex Nat._, vol. ii. p. 262.

[2630] _Nature_, vol. xxviii. p. 367.

[2631] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxviii., 1872, p. 462.

[2632] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xii. p. 230.

[2633] “Note on the Disc. at Church Field, West Wickham,” privately printed. _Arch. Cant._, vol. xiv., 1883, p. 88. _Antiq._, vol. ix. p. 213. Clinch, “Antiq. Jottings,” 1889, pp. 180, 186.

[2634] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. xi. p. 164.

[2635] Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

[2636] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 145.

[2637] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxxvi., 1880, p. 547.

[2638] _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxxvii. 1880, p. 294, pl. i.

[2639] _Geol. Mag._, vol. ix., 1872, p. 268. _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxviii., 1872, p. 414. _Geol. Mag._, 2nd Dec., vol. i., 1874, p. 479.

[2640] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1875, p. 175. _Nat._, vol. xii. p. 202. _Proc. W. Lond. Sci. Assoc._, 1876.

[2641] Sep., 1875, p. 263.

[2642] “Early Man in Brit.,” 1880, p. 136.

[2643] _Op. cit._, p. 135.

[2644] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 129, pl. vi.

[2645] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. li., 1895, p. 505.

[2646] _Op. cit._, p. 505.

[2647] _Op. cit._, p. 523.

[2648] _Arch._, vol. xxxix. p. 74; Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

[2649] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxi., 1892, p. 246.

[2650] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 130.

[2651] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxi. p. 263.

[2652] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1891, pp. 353, 652.

[2653] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlv., 1889, p. 270.

[2654] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 126. See also _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxi., 1892, p. 246; and Prestwich, “Controverted Questions in Geology,” 1895.

[2655] _Proc. Geol. Assoc._, vol. xi. p. lxxxii.

[2656] “Geology of the Weald,” pp. 193, 194, 297.

[2657] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxi., 1892, pl. 18.

[2658] _Archæologia_, vol. xxxix. p. 63.

[2659] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvii. p. 365. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 161. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355. _Geologist_, vol. vii. p. 118. _Once a Week_, June 19, 1869. _Geol. Mag._, vol. iii. p. 335. _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 465.

[2660] _Jour. Anth. Inst._, vol. iv. p. 38.

[2661] Vol. xxxix. pl. i. 1; pl. ii. 1.

[2662] Vol. iii. p. 501.

[2663] _Geologist_, vol. v. p. 333.

[2664] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xvii. p. 364.

[2665] Vol. xxxix. p. 66.

[2666] Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 523.

[2667] _Arch._, vol. xxxix. pl. ii. 2.

[2668] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 254.

[2669] _Geologist_, vol. iv. p. 391.

[2670] This specimen is also figured in _Once a Week_, June 19, 1869, p. 501.

[2671] “Man the Prim. Savage,” fig. 144, p. 214.

[2672] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xi. p. 110.

[2673] “Flint Chips,” p. 45.

[2674] Codrington, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxvi. p. 537.

[2675] _Geologist_, vol. vi. pp. 110–154.

[2676] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xx. p. 188. See also Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. ii. p. 560.

[2677] “Flint Chips,” p. 45.

[2678] Codrington, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1870), vol. xxvi. pl. xxxvi.

[2679] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1870), vol. xxvi. pl. xxxvi. p. 541.

[2680] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. xv. p. 72.

[2681] “Opening of the Blackmore Mus.,” p. 29. “Flint Chips,” p. 47.

[2682] “Flint Chips,” p. 47.

[2683] _Q. J. G. S._ (1861), vol. xx. p. 188. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 519; and _Geologist_, vol. vi. p. 395.

[2684] “Flint Chips,” p. 47. _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1865), vol. xxi. p. 252.

[2685] _Proc. Geol. Soc._, vol. i. p. 25.

[2686] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1865), vol. xi. p. 101.

[2687] _Phil. Trans._ (1860), p. 302.

[2688] Prestwich, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xi. p. 103. Stevens, “Flint Chips,” p. 12.

[2689] Formerly described erroneously as _Bos longifrons_.

[2690] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1865), vol. xxi. p. 250. _Arch. Journ._, vol. xxi. pp. 243, 269.

[2691] _Wilts Arch. Mag._, vol. xxii. p. 117.

[2692] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1872), vol. xxviii. p. 39.

[2693] “Flint Chips,” p. 47.

[2694] “Flint Chips,” p. 28. Codrington, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1870), vol. xxvi. p. 537.

[2695] “Flint Chips,” p. 48. Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. ii. p. 562. Codrington, _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._ (1870), vol. xxvi. p. 537.

[2696] _Q. J. G. S., vol._ xlix. (1893), p. 327.

[2697] “Flint Chips,” p. 28.

[2698] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1877, p. 116. _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. vii., 1878, p. 499.

[2699] _Geol. Mag._, Dec. 2, vol. v., 1878, p. 37. See also _Trans. Dev. Assoc._, vol. xvi., 1884, p. 501.

[2700] “Natural Science,” vol. x. (1897), p. 224.

[2701] _Geol. Mag._, 2nd Dec., vol. vi., 1879, p. 480. _Trans. Devon. Assoc._, vol. xii., 1880, p. 445.

NOTES—CHAPTER XXIV.

[2702] _Archæol._, xxxix. pl. iv.

[2703] _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 310. _Arch._, vol. xxxviii. p. 289.

[2704] _Arch._, vol. xxxix., p. 57.

[2705] “Flint Chips,” p. 41.

[2706] _Nature_, vol. xxv., 1881, p. 173.

[2707] Watelet, 1866.

[2708] “Flint Chips,” p. 41.

[2709] _Arch._, vol. xxxviii., 1860, p. 291.

[2710] _Arch._, vol. xli. p. 401. pl. xviii. 9.

[2711] _Aarböger f. Nord. Oldk. og Hist._, 1867. p. 283.

[2712] _Q. J. G. S._ (1867), vol. xxiii. pp. 48, 52.

[2713] _Madras Journ. Lit. and Science_, Oct., 1866. _Geol. Mag._, vol ii. p. 503. _Q. J. G. S._, 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 484. _Trans. of Inter. Cong. of Preh. Arch._, 1868, p. 224. _Proc. As. Soc. Bengal_, Sept., 1867. _Aarbög. f. Nord. Oldk._, 1869, p. 339. _Mem. Geol. Survey India_, vol. x., 1873, p. 43. _Essex Naturalist_, vol. ii. p. 97. _Geol. Mag._, Dec. 2, vol. vii., 1880, p. 542.

[2714] _Q. J. G. S._, 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 493.

[2715] _Mem. G. S. India_, vol. xii. p. 241.

[2716] _Rec. G. S. India_, Aug., 1873, p. 49. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 166.

[2717] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xvii., 1888, p. 57.

[2718] _Journ. As. Soc. Bengal_, vol. lvi., 1887, p. 249.

[2719] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. i. p. 66. “Horæ Ferales,” p. 132, pl. i. 19.

[2720] _Trans. Preh. Cong._ 1878, p. 278.

[2721] _Mat._, vol. viii. 1873, p. 179.

[2722] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. x., 1881, p. 428.

[2723] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1880, p. 624.

[2724] _Mat._, vol. x., 1875, p. 197.

[2725] _Mat._, vol. xxii. 1888, p. 221.

[2726] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. x. 1881, p. 318, pl. xvi.

[2727] _L’Anthrop._, vol. v., 1894, p. 530.

[2728] _Proc. Soc. Ant._, 2nd S., vol. v. p. 331.

[2729] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. iv., 1875, p. 215, pl. xvi.

[2730] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xi., 1882, p. 382.

[2731] _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1880, p. 624.

[2732] “Hawara,” 1889, pl. xxvii., and subsequent expeditions.

[2733] “Rech. sur les Origines de l’Egypte,” 1896, _q.v._

[2734] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxv. 1896, p. 272, pl. xix.–xxi. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1895, p. 824. _Proc. R. S._, vol. lx., 1896, p. 19.

[2735] _Q. J. Ethn. Soc._, vol. ii. p. 41, pl. i. 3.

[2736] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xi., 1882, p. 124. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1880, p. 622.

[2737] _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xvi., 1887, p. 68.

[2738] _Camb. Ant. Comm._, vol. v. p. 57, 6 plates.

[2739] _Proc. Roy. Soc._, vol. lx., 1896, p. 19.

[2740] C. C. Abbott, “Primitive Industry,” 1881; Report, 1877, 1878. _Proc. U. S. Nat. Hist. Mus._, 1888, Appendix; 1890, pp. 187, 371. _Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. xxi. pp. 124, 132. T. Wilson, “La Période paléol. dans l’Amér. du Nord.,” Paris, 1892.

[2741] W. H. Holmes, _Smithsonian Inst. Rep._, 1894. _Nature_, vol. xlviii., 1893, p. 253; vol. lv. 1897, p. 459 v.; Mercer’s “Res. upon the Ant. of Man in the Delaware Valley,” 1897.

[2742] “Flint Chips,” p. 42.

[2743] “Ant. Celt. et Antéd.,” vol. iii. p. 76, _et seqq._; 455, _et seqq._

[2744] _Arch._, vol. xxxviii. p. 291.

[2745] _Nat. Hist. Rev._, 1862, p. 250.

[2746] “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 268.

[2747] P. 542 _supra_.

[2748] P. 607 _supra_.

[2749] _Nature_, vol. xxvii., 1883, pp. 8, 53, 54, 102.

[2750] _Nature_, vol. xxix., 1884, p. 83. “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 272.

[2751] _Cong. Inter. d’Anthrop._, &c., 1867, p. 70. Hamy, “Paléont. Hum.,” p. 49.

[2752] See F. C. J. Spurrell in _Arch. Journ._, vol. xlviii., 1891, p. 315. _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxiii. p. 260. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1892, p. 900. _Nat. Science_, vol. v., Oct., 1894.

[2753] “Explication de l’apparence de taille, &c.,” Dieppe, 1881.

[2754] See Worthington Smith in _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xiii., 1884, p. 377, and “Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 294 _et seqq._

[2755] See also Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 297.

[2756] See _antea_, p. 565.

[2757] _C. R. du Cong. Intern. des Sci. Anthrop._, 1880, p. 234.

NOTES—CHAPTER XXV.

[2758] See _Trans. Watford Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. i., 1878, p. 137.

[2759] Lyell, “Principles of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 354.

[2760] _Op. Cit._, p. 350.

[2761] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xix. (1863), p. 321.

[2762] “Encyc. Brit.”—Art. “Rivers.” Lyell, “Princ. of Geol,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 348. Lubbock, “Prehistoric Times,” 4th ed., p. 382.

[2763] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. ix. (1853), p. 48.

[2764] Lyell’s “Princ. of Geol.,” vol. i. p. 458. Geikie, _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 250.

[2765] _Geol. Mag._ (1868), vol. v. p. 250.

[2766] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 293. See also Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” vol. i. p. 366.

[2767] _Annales de Chimie et de Physique_, 1866. Trans. in _Smithsonian Report_, 1866, p. 425.

[2768] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 296.

[2769] See p. 664.

[2770] H. G. Seeley, _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxii. p. 472.

[2771] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxv. p. 455.

[2772] _Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxv. p. 453.

[2773] _Phil. Trans._, 1860, pl. xi.

[2774] Prestwich, _Phil. Trans._, 1860, pl. xi. See p. 577, _supra._

[2775] _Brit. Assoc. Report_, 1896, p. 400.

[2776] _Geol. Mag._, vol. iii. p. 348.

[2777] _Q. J. Geol. Soc._, vol. xxvi. p. 528.

[2778] _Q. J. Geol. Soc._, vol. xv. p. 219.

[2779] _Q. J. Geol. Soc._, vol. xx. p. 189.

[2780] _Geologist_, vol. v. p. 452.

[2781] “Rivers and their Catchment Basins.”

[2782] R. A. C. Godwin-Austen, _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xiii. p. 50.

[2783] There may be some decree of uncertainty whether the gravels at this spot are to be connected immediately with the main stream, or with an affluent running into it approximately by the same course as that of the present Bourne, but this is of little moment.

[2784] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xiii. p. 45.

[2785] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxvi. p. 532.

[2786] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 266.

[2787] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 291.

[2788] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxv. p. 209.

[2789] P. 580 _supra._

[2790] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. vii. p. 31.

[2791] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxii. p. 553.

[2792] “Heat considered as a Mode of Motion,” p. 182. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 408.

[2793] _Q. J. G. S._, vol. xxiv. p. 103; xxv. p. 57.

[2794] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 278, &c.

[2795] “Flint Chips,” p. 47.

[2796] Ravin, _Mém. de la Soc. d’Emul. d’ Abbeville_, 1838, p. 196. _Phil. Trans._, 1860, p. 301.

[2797] “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 365.

[2798] _Athenæum_, 1863, July 4.

[2799] Hamy, “Paléontologie humaine,” p. 210, _et seqq._ _Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop. de Paris_, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 331. Belgrand, “Bassin de la Seine,” pl. xlviii. and xlix.

[2800] _Rec. Geol. Sur. of India_, vol. xxvii., 1894, p. 101. _Geol. Mag._, Dec. 4, vol. i., 1894, p. 525. _Nat. Science_, vol. v. p. 345, vol. x. p. 233.

[2801] _Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc._, vol. i. p. 145. _Brit. Assoc. Rep._, 1890, p. 963. _Nature_, vol. xlii. p. 50.

[2802] Several writers have attempted to bridge over this gap, or to show that it does not exist. See _Journ. Anth. Inst._, vol. xxii. p. 66. Cazalis de Fondouce, _Cong. Préh. Stockholm_, 1874, p. 112. Brown, “Early Man in Midd.” Worthington Smith, “Man the Prim. Savage.”

[2803] _Trans. Preh. Cong._, 1868, p. 278. _Supra_, p. 485.

[2804] “Princ. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 295.

[2805] “Preh. Times,” 4th ed. p. 423.

[2806] _Geol. Mag._, vol. v. p. 249.

[2807] _Phil. Trans._, 1864, p. 299. _Proc. R. S._, xiii. p. 135.

[2808] Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 430.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Original printed spelling and grammar are retained, with a few exceptions noted below.

A few words found in the Indexes have been silently changed to match the spelling of the same word in the text. For example “Grewingk” occurs on page 47; the corresponding Index entry was changed to agree, from “Grewinck”.

Some missing commas and full stops have been inserted silently.

Ditto marks, including the word “Do.”, were replaced with the appropriate repeated text—for example, in the table starting on page 508. However, in the list of Woodcut Illustrations, the ditto marks and associated white space have been replaced with one em dash per word to be repeated.

Several footnotes contained references like this one on page 44: “Pfahlbauten, 1ter Bericht.”, where the first character in the “1ter” place could a priori be any numeric digit, and sometimes this digit was separated from “ter” by a space. In this edition, the spaces have been removed. In one case, in page 323, first footnote, “1ster” was printed; herein it is “1ter”.

In the _General Index and in the Index, Geographical and Topographical_, explicit nested list html structures have been adopted for this edition. In general, this reduces ambiguity, and is a _good thing_. However, a few examples could be quoted wherein the exact meaning of the original printed book was less than clear, and so mistakes could result from this reduction in ambiguity. Here's one. The original, on page 712, read like this―

Ash, Irish arrow-shaft of, 408; in brick earth at Hoxne, 537

which has at least two different possible meanings. In this edition, a draft was originally rendered―

Ash, Irish arrow-shaft of, 408;
in brick earth at Hoxne, 537

but, upon examining page 537, we find that it should be, and finally has been rendered―

Ash,
Irish arrow-shaft of, 408; in brick earth at Hoxne, 537

Here's another nice example. The original ambiguous form printed on page 713 read

Brooch of metal in interment, 214; possible use of ring as, 466

In this case, inspection of page 466 seems to confirm the form adopted for this edition. But not all such ambiguities have been checked.

Page 5. The Coptic word for iron is rendered using rare Unicode characters which may not appear correctly without your attention to installed fonts. Furthermore, the fifth (counting right-to-left) letter of the word is rendered herein as U+2C88 COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER EIE, although it looks in the original print more like a Latin Capital E. The same word in the Index, page 713, was printed with two letters EIE.

Page 9. Here are Hebrew words, rendered herein in uncommon Unicode letters.

Page 104, third note. There was no anchor for this note, which said “_Arch. Journ._, vol. xxxi., p. 301.”, so it has been moved here.

Page 112 note. “vol^1 xvi.” is rendered herein as printed, though it might be a printer’s error.

Page 125 first note. No footnote label was printed, but this note has now been linked with its anchor, in the third paragraph, after “Manor”.

Page 317. “produciug” to “producing”.

Page 341, note. There was no anchor printed for this note; a new one has been inserted at the top of the page.

Page 365. Closing double quotation mark added after ‘against the AITHADH or elf-shot.’

Page 368, fourth and fifth footnotes. These contained the word “I1.”. This has been changed to “II.”.

Page 370, first note. Here is a Saxon word, rendered in uncommon Unicode characters.

Page 399, fifth note. This had no anchor; a new one has been inserted after “those of other countries;”.

Page 558. A reversed “S” was printed; herein U+01A7 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO, “Ƨ”, is substituted.

Page 573, third note. The third footnote had no anchor on page 573, evidently links to the anchor printed at the top of page 574. Both anchor and footnote had originally the label “3”.

Page 634 note. The left double quotation mark, unmatched in the original print, was removed from the word ‘_Quar_’.

Page 666, 1st note. This note had no footnote label; a new one was inserted.

Page 717, entry “Eolithic”. “762” changed to “702”.

Page 724, entry “Museums”. The entry “Neufchâtel” was changed to “Neuchâtel”

Page 745, entry “VIENNE”. “Chatellerault” to “Châtellerault”.