Chapter XLV: Appendix: On Trematoda and Nematoda (7)

-- orders of, 531

-- organs of respiration, 530

-- -- of touch, smell and hearing, 530

-- pharyngeal ganglia of, 530

-- sexual organs of, 530

-- sexually distinct, 530

-- thorax of, 529

Insect flagellates, 102, 104, 737

-- -- experimentally introduced into vertebrates, 104, 112, 737, 738, 739

Intestinal canal of _Insecta_, 530

-- -- of nematodes, 363

-- obstruction, Ascaris in appendix causing, 654

-- -- set up by ascarides, 657

-- -- tract, habitat of _Oxyuris vermicularis_, 467

Intestine, blood-vessels of, penetration by amœbæ, 36

-- coccidiosis of, in man, cases, 148

-- _Dipylidium caninum_ parasitic in, 660

-- human, _Entamœba coli_ parasite of, 618

-- -- invasion by _Metastrongylus apri_, 433

-- -- larvæ of Homalomyia found in, 584

-- -- _Myriapoda_ parasitic in, 483

-- large, cystic stage of _Lamblia intestinalis_ found in, 59

-- -- _Entamœba histolytica_ present in, 38

-- -- high injections into, in evacuation of _Oxyuridæ_, 698

-- -- human, _Trichuris trichiura_ parasitic in, 678

-- -- irrigation in gangrenous dysentery, 619

-- larvæ of Gastrophilus inhabiting, 599

-- migration of oncospheres from, to liver, 302

-- -- of _Oxyuris vermicularis_ from, lesions and irritative
symptoms set up by, 694, 695

-- number of females of _Ancylostoma duodenale_ present in, mode of
reckoning (footnote), 454

-- occlusion of, due to massive accumulation of ascarides, 657

-- parasites of, in relation to appendicitis, views of authors
regarding, 652, 653, 654, 655

-- -- invading vermiform appendix, authors recording cases of, 652

-- pathological changes in, due to ova of _Schistosoma japonicum_, 281

-- perforation by Ascaris, 655, 656

-- -- -- following diseased processes, 656

-- small, _Ascaris lumbricoides_ parasitic in, 687

-- -- _Dibothriocephalus latus_ parasitic in, 658

-- -- human, inhabited by _Tænia solium_, 662

-- -- -- _Tænia saginata_ parasitic in, 667

-- -- inhabited by _Hymenolepis nana_, 661

-- -- migration of _Ascaris lumbricoides_ from, to other parts of
body, 464

-- -- normal habitat of _Ascaris lumbricoides_, 464

-- -- -- situation of _Trichomonas intestinalis_, 55

-- -- possible invasion by _Balantidium minutum_, 204

-- stenosis of, following infection by _Tænia solium_, 662

-- _Strongyloides stercoralis_ in, 755

-- ulceration of, associated with _Balantidium coli_, 202

-- Vorticellæ in, 206

-- see also _Myiasis, intestinal_

_Intra vitam_ staining of fresh preparations of _Protozoa_, 746

Inundation disease, see _Kedani_

Iodide, tincture of, applications in creeping disease, 731

Iodine enemata in flagellate dysentery, 625

-- tincture of, in treatment of cutaneous and muscular cysticerci, 663

Iodoform with bicarbonate of soda, administration of, in expulsion
of ascarides, 694

Ipecacuanha in amœbic dysentery, 619

-- de-emetinized, in balantidian dysentery, 637

Iridocyclitis in trypanosomiasis, 623

Iron-hæmatoxylin stain, Heidenhain’s, 752

Isaac and van Velden, dissolution of parasitic products in serum of
patients with bothriocephalus anæmia, 645

Isospora, 149

-- _bigemina_, hosts of, 149

-- -- morphology, 149

-- -- occurrence in man, 149

-- -- synonyms, 149

Israelites, “fiery serpents” molesting, probable nature of, 386

Itch mites, see _Sarcoptidæ_

Itching resulting from clothes louse infection, 711

-- set up by _Tetranychus molestissimus_, 488

Ivers, infection with _Demodex folliculorum_, 708

_Ixodæ_, characters of, 496, 497

Ixodes, characters of, 497

-- _hexagonus_, characters and morphology, 500

-- -- hosts of, 500

-- -- synonyms, 500

-- _holocyclus_, characters, 499

-- -- symptoms resulting from attacks of, 499

-- _plumbeus_ (dog tick), length of life apart from host, 495

-- _reduvius_, act of coitus in, 495

-- -- disinfection against, 704

-- -- infection by, symptoms, 704

-- -- larvæ of, 495

-- -- life-history of, 494

-- -- method of oviposition, 494

-- -- see also _Ixodes ricinus_

-- _ricinus_ (dog tick), bite of, effects, 498

-- -- -- prophylaxis against, 498

-- -- characters and morphology, 497, 498

-- -- confusion in nomenclature, 499

-- -- geographical distribution, 499

-- -- habitat and hosts of, 498, 499

-- -- synonyms, 499

-- -- transmission of _Babesia bovis_ by, 177

_Ixodidæ_ (ticks), carriers of various diseases to animals and man, 493

-- -- characters of, 493

-- -- classification of, 496

-- -- genera of, synonyms, 497

-- -- -- synopsis of, 497

_Ixodinæ_, characters of, 496, 497

-- transmission of _Hæmosporidia_ by, 704

-- and _Argantinæ_, distinguishing features between, 505

J.

Jackal, _Dipylidium caninum_ parasitic in, 322

Jaksch, von, causation of ancylostoma anæmia, 647

Jamaica, _Amblyomma cayennense_ pest in, 501

-- _Margaropus annulatus australis_ pest to man in, 505

James, genera of Anophelines (footnotes),562, 563

Janowski on the Trichomonads, 55

-- presence of Cercomonads in intestine, 62

Janthinosoma, characters, 563, 571

Japan, Central, percentage of population infected with _Clonorchis
endemicus_, 260

-- illness set up by kedani mite in, 487

Japanese river or inundation disease, see _Kedani_

Jaundice, malignant, in dogs, carrier of, 493

-- -- -- cause of, 177

Jaw, upper, nematode larvæ in periosteum of, associated with
gingivitis, 378

Jejunum, flagellate stage of _Lamblia intestinalis_ found in, 59

-- human, habitat of _Ancylostoma duodenale_, 450

Jerboa, hæmogregarine in, 154

-- inoculation of _Trypanosoma lewisi_ into, 90

Jews, infection with _Tænia saginata_, 340

-- inoculation against Oriental sore, 108

Jigger, see _Dermatophilus penetrans_

Joblotina, characters, 565

Johannseniella, 579, 580

Johns, cultivation of malarial parasites, 170

Jungklauss’s preparation as vermifuge, 673

Jürgens, case of amœbæ in urine, 46

-- intestinal amœbæ, 36, 37

K.

Kabyles, tamné or thimni of, 598

Kahane, earth-eating in connection with _Trichuris trichiura_
infection, 679

-- Trichocephali in appendix, 655

-- trichocephalus anæmia, 651

Kala-azar, canine, similarity to human infantile form, 103

-- -- transmission by dog fleas, 103

-- dissemination of bug possibly connected with, 107, 536

-- Indian, agents of transmission, 107

-- -- geographical distribution, 105

-- -- incubation period, 626

-- -- mortality great, 626

-- -- parasite of, 105, 626

-- -- preventive measures, 626, 627

-- -- symptoms and course, 626

-- -- treatment, 626

-- infantile, 109, 627

-- -- ætiology, 111, 627

-- -- geographical distribution, 109

-- -- in adolescents and adults, 109

-- -- natural infection of dogs with, 110

-- -- preventive measures, 627

-- -- relation to Indian, 109

-- -- -- to Oriental sore shown experimentally, 109

-- -- symptoms, 627

-- -- transmission by fleas, experiments to prove, 111

-- -- treatment, 627

-- possible transmission by bed bug, 107, 713

Kaldrovils, cysticercus of eye mistaken for foreign body, 664

Kamala as vermifuge, 673

-- in evacuation of _Oxyuridæ_, 697

Kaposi’s naphthol ointment, application in scabies, 707

Kartulis, case of amœbæ in urine, 46

-- cerebral abscesses in amœbiasis, 35

-- discovery of amœbæ in stools of dysentery patients, 30

-- _Entamœba kartulisi_, 44

-- experiments proving connection of amœbæ with dysentery, 30

-- Sarcosporidia in man, 194

Karyolysus, 154

Kautsky, bilharziasis, 641

Kayser, eye affections due to _Lucilia macellaria_, 721

Kedani (Japanese river or inundation disease), 487, 703

-- -- -- -- -- prophylaxis against, 703

-- -- -- -- -- symptoms, 703

-- mite, 487

-- -- characters of, 487

Kelly, bilharziasis of appendix, 642

Kent, Herpetomonas and Leptomonas, 102

Kerosene, destruction of _Tabanidæ_ by, 601

Kerteszia, characters, 562, 569

Kholodkowsky, _post-mortem_ discovery of _Opisthorchis felineus_, 253

Kidney and liver cells, yellow pigment in, in ancylostomiasis, 647

Kinghorn, transmission of _Trypanosoma rhodesiense_, 69

-- and Yorke, tsetse-fly transmitting _Trypanosoma rhodesiense_, 608

-- -- transmission of _Trypanosoma rhodesiense_, 81

Kirmisson, trichocephalus infection in relation to appendicitis, 653

Klebs, early researches on malaria, 156

Klencke, early mention and depiction of malarial parasites, 157

Kloss, researches on _Coccidia_, 136

_Klossia_, 141

Knackers’ yards, infection of rats with Trichinella in, 427

Knoch, J., views on development of cestodes, 16

Kobayashi, second intermediate host for _Clonorchis endemicus_, 261

Koch, R., artificial infection of species of Glossina with human
trypanosome, 605

-- -- discovery of amœbæ in stools of dysentery patients, 30

-- -- investigations of Proteosoma and Halteridium in birds, 158

-- -- relapses and latent infection of malaria, 158

-- -- researches on malaria, 158

-- -- -- on _Spirochæta duttoni_, 117

Koch’s blue bodies in _Theileria parva_, 179

Kölliker, investigation of gregarines, 129

Koneff, favourable effects of expulsion of _Ascaridæ_, 650

Kousso flowers as vermifuge, 673

-- in evacuation of _Oxyuridæ_, 697

Kraft, filmaron as vermifuge, 672

Kruse and Pasquale, nomenclature of amœbæ, 31

Küchenmeister, F., experimental rearing of tapeworms, 15

-- -- experiments as to metamorphosis of tapeworms, 15

-- -- expulsion of _Ascaridæ_, 693

-- -- nature of cysticerci, 282

Kuhnt, infection of human eye with filaria, 406

Kummerfeld’s wash for clothes lice, 616

Kunstler, genus Giardia, 736

Kurlow, blood-stained diarrhœa from _Strongyloides stercoralis_
infection, 675

Kütner, favourable effect of expulsion of _Ascaridæ_, 649

-- treatment of bilharziasis, 643

L.

Labadie-Lagrave and Deguy, invasion of lymphatic vessels by

_Onchocerca volvulus_, 418

Labbé, copulation in _Coccidia_, 137

Lacompte, nematodes in human eye, 412

_Lælaps echidninus_, Leishman granules in, 493

-- _stabularis_, 493

Lafleur, see _Councilman and Lafleur_

Lagocheilascaris, characters, 466

-- _minor_, host of, 467

-- -- lesions set up by, 467

-- -- morphology, 467

Lakes, mosquitoes depositing ova in, 553

Lama, possible carrier of leprosy, 613

Lambkin’s mercury cream in treatment of syphilis prevailing in
Uganda, 632

Lambl, discovery of human intestinal amœbæ, 29

_Lamblia intestinalis_, 57, 625, 736

-- -- association with diarrhœa, 59, 60, 625

-- -- -- -- treatment, 625

-- -- characters, 57

-- -- flagella of, 57, 58

-- -- hosts of, 59

-- -- infection with, 60

-- -- nuclear apparatus, 58

-- -- site in intestine of flagellate and cystic stages, 59

-- -- synonyms, 57, 736

Lankester, liver-fluke in abscess of ear, 244

-- Sarcocystis, 193

Lankesterella, 154

Larva migrans, 599

Larvæ, dipterous, in conjunctiva, 716

-- -- in nasal accessory sinuses, 717

-- -- in nose in enormous numbers, 716, 717

-- in wounds, movement of, 723

-- see also under _Names of Parasites_

Larvicides, use in campaign against mosquitoes, 636

Larynx, ascarides invading, 691

-- leeches in, 699, 700

La Spada, echinococcus of liver rupturing into abdominal cavity, 652

Lasioconops, characters, 564

Lassar’s paste, application in creeping disease, 732

Laurer’s canal of trematodes, 221, 222

Laveran, A., classification of trypanosomes, 71

-- -- cross-immunity experiments with _Trypanosoma rhodesiense_ and
_T. brucei_, 80, 94

-- -- -- -- with trypanosomes, 80

-- -- discovery of true malarial parasites by, 157

-- -- latent forms of trypanosomes, 74

-- -- on _Leucocytozoa_, 153, 742

-- -- _Trypanosoma pecaudi_, 95

-- -- and Franchini, inoculation experiments with _Crithidia
fasciculata_, 104

-- -- -- -- -- with _Herpetomonas ctenocephali_, 103

-- -- -- -- -- with _H. pattoni_, 103

-- -- and Mesnil, isolation of sarcocystin, 191

-- -- -- on the spore of _Sarcocystis tenella_, 193

-- -- -- “Trypanosomes et Trypanosomiases,” 617

-- -- and Thiroux, treatment of sleeping sickness, 623

Laverania, characters, 164, 569

-- _malariæ_ (_Plasmodium falciparum_), crescents of, 162, 167, 168

-- -- -- -- -- sites of development, 169

-- -- -- -- cultivation of, clumping in, 172

-- -- -- -- cultures of, number of spores produced, 172

-- -- -- -- development, duration of, 167

-- -- -- -- distinctive characters of, 169

-- -- -- -- invasion of spleen by, 168

-- -- -- -- merozoites, number of, 168

-- -- -- -- number in one red blood corpuscle, 167

-- -- -- -- oöcysts of, in stomach of Anopheles, 163

-- -- -- -- oökinete of, in stomach of _Anopheles maculipennis_, 162

-- -- -- -- parasite of malignant tertian or sub-tertian fever, 167

-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- and quotidian malaria, 167, 633

-- -- -- -- pathological effects, 634

-- -- -- -- question of varieties or subspecies, 167

-- -- -- -- “signet-ring” stage, 167

-- -- -- -- sporozoites, 169

-- -- -- -- stages of development in intestine of _Anopheles
maculipennis_, 162

-- -- -- -- synonyms, 167

-- -- -- -- trophozoites of, 167, 168

Lee, R. J., creeping disease, 729

Leeches in upper air passages, 699, 700

-- -- -- -- cases reported by various authors, 699, 700, 701

-- -- -- -- mention among ancient writers, 699, 700

-- invading body, means of riddance, 701

-- see also _Hirudinea_, _Rhyncobdellidæ_

Leeuwenhoek, opposition to theory of spontaneous generation, 10

Léger, L., classification of _Coccidiidea_, 141, 142

-- genus Crithidia, 104

-- researches on _Coccidia_, 137

Léger, M., proportion of population in Tonkin infected with
_Clonorchis endemicus_, 260

Léger, M. and A., proposed classification of _Leucocytozoa_, 153

Leichtenstern, bothriocephalus anæmia, 646

-- toxic symptoms following thymol administration, 686

Leidy, genus _Endamœba_, 31, 34, 734

_Leignathus sylviarum_, 493

Leiper, R. T., Gastrodiscoides, 236

-- -- host of _Filaria loa_, 601

-- -- identity of _Œsophagostomum brumpti_ with _Œs. apiostomum_, 444

-- -- report of Bilharzia Mission under, 277

Leipzig, frequency of infection of various organs of animals with
echinococcus slaughtered at, 347

Leisering, percentage of rats infected with Trichinella, 427

Leishman, Sir W. B., experimental researches on infection with
_Spirochæta duttoni_, 117, 118

-- -- -- on parasite of Indian kala-azar, 105

-- -- -- treatment of Indian kala-azar, 626

Leishman-Donovan body, see _Leishmania donovani_

Leishman granules in _Lælaps echidninus_, 493

_Leishmania_, 67, 104

-- _donovani_, 105

-- -- cause of Indian kala-azar, 105, 626

-- -- cultivation methods, 106

-- -- inoculation experiments with, 107

-- -- localization of infection, 105

-- -- morphology, 105, 106

-- -- possible mode of transmission, 107

-- evolution from flagellates of invertebrates, 739

-- _infantum_, cause of infantile kala-azar, 105, 109, 627

-- -- cultivation methods, 109

-- -- immunity to, 112

-- -- in dogs, 110

-- -- inoculation, 110

-- -- -- animals suitable for, 110

-- -- probable transmitter, 111

-- probable origin of, 103, 739

-- _tropica_, 105, 107

-- -- cause of Oriental sore, 105, 107, 627

-- -- cultivation methods, 108

-- -- hosts of, 108

-- -- inoculation, experimental, 108

-- -- possible transmitters, 108

-- -- synonyms, 107

Leishmaniasis, cutaneous, 107

-- dermo-mucosal, supposed mode of transmission in Paraguay, 739

-- evolution of, relation of experimental introduction of insect
flagellates into vertebrates on, 737, 738, 739

-- experimental production in white mice, 103

-- geographical distribution, 105, 107, 109

-- infantile, see _Kala-azar, infantile_

-- naso-oral, see _Espundia_

-- possible reservoirs, 738, 739

-- treatment, 626–629

Leishman’s stain, 750

Lemaire, herpetomonad flagellate in cultures of blood and organs of
gecko, 739

Lenhartz, bothriocephalus anæmia, 646

_Lentospora cerebralis_, 184

_Lepidoptera_, characters, 531, 532

Leprosy, possible carrier of, 579, 613

_Leptidæ_, 603

-- blood-sucking species, 603

-- characters, 603

_Leptis scolopacea_, 603

-- _strigosa_, 603

_Leptodera_, life-history of, 19

-- _appendiculata_, occasional parasite, 7

-- _pellio_, facultative parasitism of, 8

Leptomonas, 102

-- _bütschlii_, 102

Leptotheca, 184

_Leptus autumnalis_ (grass, harvest or gooseberry mite), animals
attacked by, 486

-- -- skin irritation set up by, 702

-- -- habitat of, 485

-- -- hosts of, 485, 486

-- -- nut and fruit pickers affected by, 485

-- -- skin affection set up by, 485, 486

-- -- so-called proboscis of, 485, 486

-- geographical distribution of species, 486

-- undescribed species of, 486

Lesbini, dipterous larvæ in nose in enormous numbers, 717

Letulle, pathological changes in rectum due to _Schistosoma
hæmatobium_, 274

Leuckart, R., advances in helminthology due to, 15, 16

-- -- attempt at self-infection with _Ascaris lumbricoides_, 464, 465

-- -- change of host in parasites, 20, 21

-- -- classes of parasites, 1

-- -- development of _Acanthocephala_ and _Linguatulida_, 17

-- -- -- of alveolar echinococcus, 357, 358

-- -- -- of nematodes, 17

-- -- -- of _Trichinella spiralis_, 423

-- -- distinction between Cercomonas and Trichomonas, 54

-- -- experimental self-infection with _Oxyuris vermicularis_, 469

-- -- facultative parasitism, 7

-- -- feeding experiments with _Tænia saginata_, 340

-- -- -- -- with Trichinellæ, 423

-- -- growth of echinococcus, 354

-- -- heterogony in _Strongyloides stercoralis_, 381

-- -- method of infection with _Trichuris ovis_, 420

-- -- migration of oncospheres, 302

-- -- name of _Coccidia_ first given by, 135

-- -- Trichocephalus in association with cholera, 658

-- -- and Thomas, P., life-history of liver-fluke, 241

Leucocytogregarina, 154

-- _canis_, life-cycle diagram, 155

-- -- transmission from dog to dog by tick, 155

Leucocytogregarines, 154

Leucocytosis in bilharziasis, 642

_Leucocytozoa_, action of, on red blood cells, 153, 742

-- classification proposed, 153

-- hosts of, 153

-- morphology of, 153

-- schizogony of, 153, 742

Leucocytozoon type of _Hæmosporidia_, 152

-- _lovati_, schizogony in, 153

-- _ziemanni_, schizogony in, 153

Leucomaines, effects on living organisms, 9

Levaditi, cultivation of spinal ganglia of rabid monkeys, 210

Lewandowsky, infection with _Demodex folliculorum_, 708

Lewin, expulsion of Ascarides, 693

Lewis, finding of intestinal amœbæ, 29

-- studies of filariasis, 391

Leydenia, 49

-- _gemmipara_, 49

-- -- in ascites, 49

-- -- association with possible ascites and malignant growth in
abdomen, 49, 50

-- -- characters of, 49

-- -- cytoplasm containing blood corpuscles, 50

-- -- pseudopodia of, joining several individuals, 49

Leydig, psorosperms, 181

Lice, Herpetomonads in gut of, 103

-- transmission of relapsing fever by, 120

-- wingless, owing to parasitic life, 3

-- see also _Pediculidæ_

Lieberkühn, investigations of _Coccidia_, 135

-- -- of gregarines, 130

-- psorosperms, 181

Liesen, Ascaris in peritoneal cavity, 656

Ligula, excretory apparatus, collecting tubes, island formation, 292

-- plerocercoid of, 300

Limatus, characters, 565

Limnæus, species other than _L. truncatulus_ intermediate hosts of
_Fasciola hepatica_, 242

-- _truncatulus_, amount of ova deposited by, 242

-- -- geographical distribution, 241

-- -- intermediate host of _Fasciola hepatica_ (_?_), 240, 241

-- -- -- hosts of liver-fluke, 240, 241

Limnatis, characters, 482

-- _nilotica_, characters, 482

-- -- geographical distribution, 482

-- -- habitat, 482

-- -- only leech of clinical importance as parasite, 699, 701

-- -- synonyms, 482

Lindblad, _Dipylidium caninum_, 660

Lindner, G., peritrichal _Infusoria_ (stalkless Vorticella), 206

Lindsay, possible mode of transmission of dermo-mucosal leishmaniasis
to man in Paraguay, 739

Linguatula, 523, 524

-- _rhinaria_, characters and morphology, 524

-- -- development and life-history of, 524, 525, 526

-- -- larvæ of, 524, 525

-- -- occurrence at autopsies, 526

-- -- organs of body invaded by, 524, 525, 526

-- -- ova of, 524, 525

-- -- parasitic in nasal cavity of animals and man, 523, 524

-- -- synonyms, 524

-- _serrata_, hosts of, 527

-- -- synonyms (footnote), 527

_Linguatulida_, development of, 17

_Linguatulidæ_, blood-sucking, 523

-- change of original features in, 4

-- characters and morphology, 523

-- hosts of, 523

-- larvæ of, 523

-- nature of, 2

-- relation to _Arachnoidea_, 19

-- separation from Helminthes, 2

Lini, escape of Ascarides from umbilicus, 656

Linnæus, discoveries as to origin of Helminthes, 10, 11

-- so-called dysentery infection due to mites, 512

Lipari, cysticerci of brain, 664

Lipuria in bilharziasis, 641

Lithocystis, endoplasm of, contents, 131

Liver, abscess of, association of _Entamœba histolytica_ with, 35

-- -- -- of Noc’s entamœba with, 41

-- -- caused by invasion of _Ascaridæ_, 690

-- -- due to amœbic dysentery, treatment, 620

-- -- set up by amœbæ, 35

-- and bile-ducts, habitat of _Clonorchis endemicus_, 259, 260

-- and kidney cells, yellow pigment in, in ancylostomiasis, 647

-- and portal vein, _Schistosoma hæmatobium_ most easily found _post
mortem_ in, 273

-- coccidiosis of, in man, cases, 148

-- encystment of _Porocephalus constrictus_ in, 526, 527

-- female Ascarides depositing ova in, 689

-- human, eggs of _Schistosoma japonicum_, showing “spines” and
“hoods” at opposite pole, 279

-- invasion by larvæ of _Linguatula rhinaria_, 525, 526

-- migration of oncospheres from intestine to, 302

-- pathological changes associated with invasion by _Opisthorchis
felineus_, 253

-- -- -- in, due to ova of _Schistosoma japonicum_, 281

-- -- -- set up by _Clonorchis endemicus_, 260

Liver-fluke, supposed origin of, 10

-- see also _Fasciola hepatica_

-- disease, diagnosis, 242

-- -- in man, 242

-- -- in sheep, 238

-- -- -- ravages caused by, 238, 239

-- -- -- stages of, 240, 241

-- -- pathological anatomy, 241

-- -- symptoms, 239

Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, expedition to investigate
trypanosome infections, 68

Lizards, hæmogregarines from, 154

Loa, morphology, 409, 411

-- _loa_, duration of life of, 414

-- -- early historical accounts of, 412

-- -- geographical distribution, 414

-- -- larvæ of, in blood, 412, 414

-- -- -- periodicity, 413

-- -- -- structure, 412

-- -- lesions produced through invasion by, 413, 414

-- -- life-history, 414

-- -- morphology, 409, 411

-- -- ova of, 410

-- -- sites of body invaded by, 412, 678

-- -- synonyms, 409

Lobaczewski, prophylaxis against body, head and clothes lice, 615

Löbker, cause of ancylostome anæmia, 648

Locusts injurious to man, 542

Looss, infection by _Ancylostoma duodenale_ through skin, 683

-- origin of lateral-spined eggs of _Schistosoma hæmatobium_, 273

-- prevalence of _Heterophyes heterophyes_, 264

-- skin affections set up by invasion of larvæ of _Ancylostoma
duodenale_, 455

-- symptoms of lymphangitis from _Filaria bancrofti_ infection, 676

-- toxic action of ancylostomes, 647

-- _Trichostrongylus instabilis_ in man, 435

_Lophius piscatorius_, 186

Lophoscelomyia, characters, 562, 568

Lösch, discovery of intestinal amœbæ in case of dysentery, 29, 30, 32

Löschia, 34

_Lota vulgaris_, see _Burbot_

Lounsbury, life-cycle of _Amblyomma hebræum_, 495

Louse disease, historical instances of death from, 711

Low, personal experiments with regard to malaria infection, 158

-- treatment of Oriental sore, 628

_Lucilia argyrocephala_ cause of myiasis in French West Africa, 614

-- _cæsar_, 588

-- _macellaria_, larvæ of, causing eye diseases, 721

-- -- -- in nose, 715, 716

-- -- -- -- see also _Myiasis, nasal_

-- -- -- on cutaneous surface, 721, 722

-- -- -- penetrating auditory meatus, 721

-- _nobilis_, larvæ (maggots) of, discharge from auditory meatus, 588

-- _sericata_, 588

Lumbricosis, typhoid, 650

Lumbricus, _Monocystis agilis_ from seminal vessels of, 130, 132

-- _teres_, see _Ascaris lumbricoides_, 464

Lund’s larva, characters, 593

Lung, abscess of, set up by amœbæ, 35

-- amœbæ found in, 45

-- _Balantidium coli_ occurring in, 202

-- bilharziasis of, 642, 643

-- gangrene of, possible occurrence of Cercomonads in, 62

-- invasion by _Fasciola gigantica_, 245

-- -- by _Paragonimus ringeri_, 251

-- -- by _Schistosoma hæmatobium_, 274

-- Trichomonads found in, 56

Lung-fluke disease, geographical distribution, 639

-- -- prognosis, 640

-- -- symptoms, 639

-- -- treatment, 640

Lussana, toxic theory of ancylostome anæmia, 646

Lütz, ascarides in pulmonary artery, 656

-- _Ceratopogoninæ_ described by, 580

-- experimental infection with _Ascaris lumbricoides_, 465

-- favourable effects of expulsion of _Ascaridæ_, 649

-- perforative peritonitis due to Ascaris, 656

_Lyctocoris campestris_, bite of, 541

-- -- characters, 541

_Lygæidæ_, characters, 541

Lymphangitis from _Filaria bancrofti_ infection, symptoms, 676

-- in filariasis, 401

Lymphatic glands, enlarged, in filariasis, 402

-- vessels and glands, destruction without lymphatic obstruction, 401

-- -- -- distribution and connections of, 400, 401

-- vessels, invasion by _Onchocerca volvulus_, 418, 419

Lymphatics, _Strongyloides stercoralis_ in, 755

Lynch, human trichomoniasis, 734

_Lynchia_, transmitting _Halteridium_, 151

Lyperosia, differentiation from Stomoxys, 610

-- _exigua_, life-history, 610

-- _irritans_, var. _weisii_, 610

M.

_Macacus sinicus_, inoculation with _Leishmania donovani_, 107

MacCallum, “exflagellation,” 152

-- investigations of Proteosoma and Halteridium in birds, 158

McDonagh, J. E. R., life-cycle of organism of syphilis, 124

MacFadyean and Stockman, _Babesia divergens_, 177

Macfie, _Trypanosoma nigeriense_, 76

-- and Gallagher, treatment of sleeping sickness, 622

Mackenzie, periodicity of larvæ of _Filaria bancrofti_ in peripheral
blood, 393

Mackie, suggested transmission of relapsing fever by lice, 120

-- treatment of Indian kala-azar, 628

Macleayia, characters, 563

MacNeal, see _Novy and MacNeal_

_Macrostoma mesnili_, 57, 735

Maculæ cærulæ (_taches bleues_) due to infection by crab louse, 712

Maggots, see under _Names of Parasites and Regions of Body_

-- in nose, see _Myiasis, nasal_

Magnesium sulphate in flagellate dysentery, 625

Maillard, fatal cases of nasal myiasis, 718

Majochi, case of intertrigo set up by _Oxyuris vermicularis_, 696

-- infection with _Demodex folliculorum_, 708

Mal de caderas in horses, trypanosomes associated with, 68

-- -- trypanosome causing, 96

Malaria, acute, 156

-- atypical forms, 634

-- campaign against, commencement and progress of, 158

-- chronic, 156

-- development of parasites of, 159

-- diagnosis (pathognomonic signs), 635

-- geographical distribution, 155

-- historical, 157

-- in birds spread by Culex, 158

-- in man, 155

-- latent, in children of natives, 158

-- masked, 156

-- parasites of, 164–170, 633

-- -- asexual generation, cultivation _in vitro_, 170

-- -- copulation, 160, 161, 162

-- -- exflagellation (footnote), 162

-- -- gametocytes of, 160, 161, 162

-- -- human, development, 159

-- -- -- -- occurs only in Anopheles, 158, 159

-- -- -- differential characters, 171

-- -- -- species of, 164, 633

-- -- -- -- see also _Laverania malariæ_, _Plasmodium malariæ_,
_Plasmodium relictum_, _Plasmodium vivax_

-- -- macrogametes of, 160, 161, 162

-- -- merozoites of, 159, 160

-- -- methods of detecting, 747

-- -- microgametes of, 160, 161, 162

-- -- movements, discovery of, 157

-- -- not transmissible to mammals, 159

-- -- oökinetes, 160, 161, 163

-- -- schizogony of, 161, 172

-- -- sporozoites of, 159, 160, 164

-- -- -- penetration of red blood corpuscles by, 159, 160

-- sporulation, 160, 161, 163

-- pigmentation of organs, 165 (footnote), 634

-- prevention of constipation during, 635

-- preventive measures against mosquitoes, 635, 636

-- -- -- against parasite in man, 635, 636

-- -- -- by quinine administration, 636

-- prophylaxis, 636, 637

-- relief of symptoms, 635

-- symptoms, 156, 633

-- synonyms, 155, 633

-- tertian, malignant, paroxysms of, 634

-- treatment by quinine, 635

Malarial fever, quartan, 156

-- -- -- duplex or triplex, appearance of, 167

-- -- -- parasite of, 166

-- -- malignant or sub-tertian, parasite of, 167

-- -- -- pernicious symptoms, explanation, 172

-- -- quotidian, 156

-- -- rhythmical, course of, 155

-- -- symptoms, 155, 633

-- -- tertian, 156

-- -- -- simple or spring, parasite of, 164

-- -- typical, clinical features, 633, 634

Male fern, administration to children, 671, 672

-- -- emulsion, injection of, 671

-- -- ethereal extract best vermifuge for _Tænia saginata_, 670

-- -- -- -- dosage and method of administration, 670, 671

-- -- extract of, expulsion of _Hymenolepis nana_ by, 661

-- -- -- in bilharziasis, 643

-- -- -- in expulsion of ancylostomes, 686

-- -- --in intestinal myiasis, 728

-- -- poisoning, 670, 671

-- -- -- antidotes to and remedies for, 671

-- -- -- bad effects on vision, 670

Malignant malarial parasites, sporulation, influence of temperature
on, 163

-- -- -- -- stages of, 163

Mallory’s bodies, 208

Mamma, tumours of, association of _Dioctophyme gigas_ with, 431

Mammals, human malarial parasites not transmissible to, 159

-- leucocytogregarines in, 154, 155

-- red blood corpuscles of, Babesia parasitic in, 154

Man, incidental parasites of, 7

-- infection with animal trypanosome, 96

-- parasites found only in, 6

Mange, see _Dog mange_

Mangold, feeding experiments with Tænia from multilocular
echinococcus, 358

Manguinhosia, characters, 562, 568, 569

Manson, Sir Patrick, development of _Paragonimus ringeri_, 251

-- -- -- discovery of _Sparganum mansoni_, 317

-- -- -- infection of skin by _Filaria perstans_, 378

-- -- -- on _Spirochæta carteri_, 631

-- -- -- pathognomonic signs of malaria, 635

-- -- -- prophylaxis against ancylostomiasis, 685

-- -- -- researches on malaria, 158, 635

-- -- -- studies of filariasis, 391

-- -- -- treatment of Indian kala-azar, 626

-- -- -- -- of Oriental sore, 628

Manson, P. T., infected with malaria by infected mosquitoes, 158

Mansonia, 577

Manson’s method of administration of atoxyl in sleeping sickness, 622

Manteufel, immunity of _Ornithodorus moubata_ against infection
with _Spirochæta duttoni_, 119

Marchiafava, discovery of movements in malarial parasites, 157

Marchoux, amœbic abscesses in liver of experimental cats, 35

-- _Spirochæta gallinarum_, 119

-- and Couvy, Leishman granules in _Lælaps echidninus_, 493

Mareo, _Helminthiasis meningitiformis_, 649

_Margaropus annulatus australis_, hosts of, 505

-- -- -- pest to man in Jamaica in larval stage, 505

-- characters of, 497

-- _microplus_, 505

Marx, male fern administration, 671

-- toxic action of male fern, 670

Marzinovsky, prophylaxis against _Pediculus vestimenti_, 616

Mastigophora, 28, 50, 760

-- aggregation rosettes of, 51

-- characters and habitat, 28

Mathis, carriers of _Entamœba histolytica_, 40

-- diarrhœa due to _Lamblia intestinalis_, 625

-- _Lamblia intestinalis_, 59, 60

-- modification of Novy-MacNeal medium, 744

Maurer’s dots, 168, 170, 171

Maxillary sinus, Scolopendra in, 721

Mayer’s glychæmalum, 751

-- hæmalum, 751

Mbori in dromedaries, 96

Measles, 207

Meat inspection, decrease of cysticerci in pork effected by, 334

Meatus, auditory, larvæ of _Anthomyia pluvialis_ found in, 584

-- -- Rhinosporidium in, 196

-- -- maggots of _Lucilia nobilis_ in, 588

-- -- synonyms, 438

Mecistocirrus, habitat, 438

-- morphology, 438

-- _fordi_, morphology, 438, 439

-- -- -- synonyms, 438

Medullary layer of _Cestoda_, 289

_Megarhininæ_, characters, 563, 570

Megarhinus, characters, 563, 570

Mégnin, development of cestodes, 16

Mehlis, discovery of progeny of _Distoma_, _Typhlocœlum flavum_,
and _Cathæmasia hians_, 12

Mehlis’ gland secretion in trematodes, 223

Melanoconion, distinguishing characters, 564, 576

-- _atratus_, characters, 576

-- -- geographical distribution, 576

_Melanolestes abdominalis_, 540

-- _morio_, geographical distribution, 540

-- -- synonyms, 540

Mello-Leitao, flagellate dysentery in children, 56, 624

Melnikow-Raswedenkow, development of alveolar echinococcus, 357, 358

_Melophagus ovinus_ (sheep ked), bite of, 611

-- -- -- -- _Crithidia_ inhabiting, 104

Meningitis, fatal, peenash terminating in, 716

-- symptoms of, due to _Ascaridæ_ infection, 649

-- terminating nasal myiasis fatally, 718

Mense, expulsion of Guinea worm, 676

Mercier, nematodes in human eye, 412

Mercury, benzoate of, in infantile kala-azar, 627

-- cream (Lambkin’s) in syphilis prevailing in Uganda, 632

-- in expulsion of _Strongyloides stercoralis_, 675

Mermis, 469

-- _hominis oris_, 469

_Mermithidæ_, 469

-- characters, 375

_Merogregarina_, 135

Merogony, 185

Meront, 185

Merozoites of _Coccidiidea_, 138, 139, 140

-- of malarial parasites, 161

Mesenteric vein, superior, tributary of portal vein, 272

Mesnil, on Actinomyxidia, 187

-- on Hæmosporidia, 742

-- on Haplosporidia, 194

-- and Ringenbach, cross-immunity experiments with trypanosomes, 80

-- -- trypanolytic reactions, 80

-- see also _Laveran and Mesnil_

Messineo, effects of experimental injection of extracts of Tænia, 648

Metagonimus, 264

-- _Yokogawa yokogawai_, 264, 753

-- -- -- geographical distribution, 265

-- -- -- habitat, 265

-- -- -- host and intermediate host, 265

-- -- -- life-history, 265

-- -- -- morphology, 264

_Metastrongylinæ_, characters, 432

Metastrongylus, morphology, 432

-- _apri_, hosts of, 433

-- -- in man, cases recorded, 433

-- -- invasion of air-passages by, 433

-- -- morphology, 432

-- -- synonyms, 432

Methyl green, 752

Methylene blue in bilharziasis, 643

-- -- in flagellate diarrhœa, 625

_Metorchiinæ_, 261

-- morphology, 232

Metorchis, 261

-- _conjunctus_, organs of, diagram showing, 258

-- _truncatus_, habitat and hosts of, 262

-- -- morphology, 261, 262

-- organs of, diagram showing, 262

Metschnikoff, intestinal parasites in relation to appendicitis, 652, 653

-- prophylaxis against oxyuriasis, 697

Meyer, disturbances of vision in male fern poisoning, 670

Mibelli, infection with _Demodex folliculorum_, 708

Mice, experimental infection with herpetomonads, 103, 104, 112,
737, 738, 739

-- -- -- with _Sarcocystis muris_, 191

-- -- -- with _Spirochæta duttoni_, 117

-- natural herpetomonads in, 738, 739

-- occasionally hosts of _Hymenolepis diminuta_, 326

-- _Sarcosporidia_ in, 187

-- spherical contracted forms of _Trichomonas intestinalis_ in, 56

Michelson, case of intertrigo set up by _Oxyuris vermicularis_, 696

Microgametes of _Coccidiidea_, 137, 139, 140

Microscope, use of, discoveries of parasites from, 10

_Microsporidia_, 129, 184

-- characters and habitat, 28

-- morphology of, 185

-- various pathogenic members, 186

Midges, see _Chironomidæ_, _Ceratopogoninæ_, _Psychodidæ_

Miescher’s tubes, 187, 188

_Mikrofilaria bancrofti_, prevalence in blood, prevalence of
filarial diseases proportionate to, 400

-- -- and _Mikroloa loa_, distinction between, 398

-- _diurna_, larvæ of _Loa loa_, 412

-- -- presence in blood, 412, 414

-- _perstans_, morphology, 416

-- -- and _M. diurna_, simultaneous presence in blood, 414

-- _philippinensis_, 407

-- _powelli_, 407

Mikrofilariæ, periodic, 393, 394

Milk cure in expulsion of _Strongyloides stercoralis_, 675

Milton, bilharzial vaginitis, 643

-- treatment of bilharziasis, 643

Mimomyia, characters, 565

Minchin on genus _Entamœba_, 733

-- researches on _Trypanosoma lewisi_, 89–92

-- see also _Nicoll and Minchin_

Minchin and Fantham, on _Rhinosporidium kinealyi_, 195, 196, 197

Minchin and Woodcock on _Trypanosoma noctuæ_, 737

Mineral waters in intestinal myiasis, 728

Miners, prophylaxis against ancylostomiasis in, 684

Mines infected with ancylostomes, disinfection of, 685

Miracidia of digenetic trematodes, morphology of, 226, 227

Miracidium, germ cells of, 227

Mitchell, treatment of Oriental sore, 628

Mites attacking man, geographical distribution of species, 486

-- case of so-called dysentery said to be due to, 512

-- living endoparasitically in animals and birds, 491

-- see also _Acarina_

-- see also _Arachnoidea_

Mochlonyx, 565

Moiriez, species of Chorioptes found on man, 521

Moldovan, schizogony in _Leucocytozoon ziemanni_, 153

Molluscs, spirochætes in, 114

-- fresh-water, round Cairo, cercariæ of bilharzia type in, 277

Molluscum contagiosum, 207, 208

_Monas pyophila_, 62

-- -- characters of, 62

Mondière, perforation of appendix by Ascaris, 655

_Monera_, 26

Moniez, _Aleurobius_ (_Tyroglyphus_) _farinæ_, 511

-- on derivation of entozoa, 21

Monkeys, dysentery in, associated with presence of _Œsophagostomum
apiostomum_, 444

-- experimental infection with _Spirochæta duttoni_, 117

-- inoculation experiments with yaws upon, 128

-- rabid, spinal ganglia of, cultivation, 210

-- _Trypanosoma simiæ_ virulent to, 100

Monocystis, hosts of, 134, 135

-- _agilis_ from seminal vessels of Lumbricus, 130, 132

-- life-cycle of, 132, 133

_Monogenea_, canalis vitello-intestinalis, 222

-- ova of, deposition, 223, 224

-- post-embryonic development in, 224

_Monostomum lentis_, 244

Monothalamia (testaceous amœbæ), characters of, 47

Montgomery, transmission of rinderpest, 742

Moore and Breinl, latent bodies of _Trypanosoma gambiense_, 77

Moosbrugger, earth-eating in connection with _Trichuris trichiura_
infection, 679

-- trichocephalus anæmia, 651

Moriggia, _Glyciphagus cursor_, 513

Morkowitin, Oxyuris infection in relation to appendicitis, 653

Morphia, injection of, in relief of griping and straining in amœbic
dysentery, 618, 619

Morsasca, trichocephalus anæmia, 651

Moscato, chyluria following infection by _Eustrongylus gigas_, 682

Mosquito nets, use of, 636

-- worm in Trinidad, 598

-- -- -- how destroyed, 598

Mosquitoes, abdomen, 550

-- acting as hosts of _Filaria bancrofti_, 398

-- alimentary canal, 550, 551

-- anatomical remarks on, 548

-- antennæ of, 548

-- aquatic in larval and pupal stages, 555

-- breeding places of, 553, 557

-- campaign against, in prevention of malaria, 636

-- copulation of, 553

-- distinguishing features of _Chironomidæ_ (midges) from, 579

-- females alone blood-suckers, 552

-- -- fertilized in autumn, hibernation of, 555

-- first development of malarial parasite in, traced in _Plasmodium
relictum_, 170

-- labrum, labium, and hypopharynx, 548, 549

-- larvæ, food of, 557

-- -- living in salt water, 557

-- -- position assumed in water, 557

-- length of egg, larval and pupal life, 555

-- maxillæ and mandibles, 548, 549

-- ova of, 558

-- -- float on water, 559

-- -- localities for deposition of, 553

-- proboscis of, 548

-- pupæ of, 558

-- spread of malaria in birds by, 158

-- systematic remarks on, 548

-- typical structure of, diagram showing, 558

-- ubiquitous existence of, 555

-- see also _Culicidæ_

Moth-like appearance of _Psychodidæ_, 581

Mott, F. W., association of Treponema with general paralysis, 125

Moty, Oxyuris infection in relation to appendicitis, 653

Mouqui, mite attacking man, 486

Mouth, human, cultivation of species of Treponema from, 741

-- -- spirochætes in, 122, 740

-- infection with _Oxyuris vermicularis_ solely through, 469

-- maggots in, 721

Mucidus, characters, 563, 571

Mulder, infection with _Demodex folliculorum_, 708

Mules, murrina in, trypanosome causing, 98

-- “surra” in, 95

Müller, D., echinococcus cysts causing urticaria, 651

Müller, J., discovery of _Myxosporidia_, 181

-- O. F., discovery of and views as to cercariæ, 12

-- -- -- of origin of tapeworms by, 11

Müller’s psorosperms, 135

Murrina in mules, trypanosome causing, 98

_Musca domestica_ (common house-fly), 586

-- -- breeding grounds, destruction of, 586

-- -- characters, 585, 586

-- -- destruction of, methods, 586

-- -- diseases spread by, 586

-- -- hibernation as puparia, 586

-- -- larvæ (maggots) of, characters, 586

-- -- life-cycle of, 586

-- -- ova of, places where deposited, 586

-- -- pupa of, 586

-- _pattoni_, 611

_Muscidæ_, 584

-- African, larvæ of, 590

-- -- -- causing myiasis in man (footnote), 590

-- blood-sucking, 603

-- larvæ of, other than Lucilia, in nose, 720

Muscles, encystment of _Trichinella spiralis_ in, 425

-- invasion by _Trichinella spiralis_, 424, 425

-- of nematodes, 361

-- sarcosporidia in, 191

Muscular system of _Hirudinea_, 480

Musgrave, on human intestinal amœbæ, 31

-- and Clegg’s culture media for amœbæ, 743

Mussels, fresh-water, spirochætes of, 114

Mutualists, nature of, 6

Myiasis, 715

-- auricular, 615

-- -- treatment, 615

-- dermatosa œstrosa, 725

-- due to Sarcophaga, 589, 590

-- externa, 715

-- -- methods of treatment recommended by various authors, 719, 720

-- -- rare situations of, 723

-- gastric, treatment, 728

-- human, occurring in mountains of Central Sahara, 598

-- in French West Africa, cause of, 614

-- intestinal, 725, 726

-- -- chronic, 726

-- -- -- complicated by mucous colitis, 726, 727

-- -- diagnosis, 728

-- -- irrigation of rectum in, 728

-- -- larvæ of different species of flies found in, 728

-- -- modes of infection, 727

-- -- -- -- views of various authors on, 727

-- -- prognosis, 728

-- -- prophylaxis, 728

-- -- symptoms, 726

-- -- treatment, 728

-- -- and cutaneous, fly causing, 585

-- larvæ of African _Muscidæ_ causing (footnote), 590

-- nasal, 715

-- -- cases of, authors reporting, 716, 717

-- -- connection with ozæna, 717, 722, 723

-- -- discharge from nose in, 718

-- -- due to Sarcophaga, treatment, 723

-- -- fatal termination of, 718

-- -- from _Sarcophaga wohlfahrti_, 722, 723

-- -- maggots of flies setting up, 588

-- -- prophylaxis against, 718

-- -- symptoms, 717, 718

-- -- treatment, 719

-- -- see also _Peenash_

-- _œstrosa_, geographical distribution, 724

-- -- prevalent among rural population, 724

-- -- rare in man, 724

-- -- treatment, 725

_Myriapoda_ parasitic in intestine and nose of man, 483

_Myxidiidæ_, 184

_Myxidium lieberkühni_, 182

_Myxobolidæ_, 184

_Myxobolus cyprini_, 184

-- _pfeifferi_, 184

-- -- cause of barbel disease, 184

-- -- spore formation, 183

-- _neurobius_, 184

-- schematic representation of spore of, 182

Myxœdematous form of Brazilian trypanosomiasis, 88

_Myxosporidia_, 129, 181

-- authors adding to knowledge of, 182

-- -- describing species causing diseases in fishes, 182

-- characters and habitat, 28, 182

-- free forms of, 182

-- introduction of term of, by Bütschli, 181

-- invasion by, causing disease in fishes, 182, 184

-- mode of infection, 184

-- multinucleate trophozoite of, 182

-- plasmotomy, 182

-- spore formation, 182, 183

-- tissue parasites, 182

Myzomyia, characters, 561, 567

-- _funesta_, breeding places of, 557

Myzorhynchella, characters, 561, 568

Myzorhynchus, characters, 562, 568

N.

Nabarro, on sleeping sickness, 68

-- on _Spirochæta duttoni_, 116

Nagana (tsetse-fly disease), agent of transmission, 93

-- fatal to horses, asses and dogs, 94

-- prevalent among and generally fatal to cattle, 93, 94

-- treatment by arsenic, 94

-- trypanosomes in blood of horses suffering from, 68

Nagel, chloroform and syrup of senna in expulsion of ancylostomes, 686

-- filmaron in expulsion of ancylostomes, 687

Nagelschmidt, treatment of scabies, 706

Naphthalene in evacuation of _Oxyuridæ_, 697

-- in intestinal myiasis, 728

Naphthol ointment, dressings of, in head louse infection, 710

-- -- (Kaposi’s), application in scabies, 707

Nasal cavity, deposition of ova of _Oestrus ovis_ in, 598

-- -- see also _Myiasis, nasal_

-- -- Linguatula parasitic in, 523, 524, 526, 527

-- polypus, _Rhinosporidium_ causing, 195–197

Nason, Ascaris in appendix, causing intestinal obstruction, 654

Nasse, investigations of _Coccidia_, 135

Natal, larva of, characters, 591

Nattan-Larrier, cross-immunity experiments with trypanosomes, 80

-- _Tetramitus mesnili_, 57, 624

Natural flagellates of insects, 103, 104, 107, 112, 739

Naunyn, mode of formation of daughter cysts of echinococcus, 352

Neave, S., ulcers set up by invasion by larvæ of _Cordylobia
anthropophaga_, 592

Necator, 447

-- _americanus_, 450

-- -- geographical distribution, 459

-- -- habitat, 459

-- -- morphology, 457, 458

-- -- organs compared with those of _Ancylostoma duodenale_, 458

-- characters, 457

-- _exilidens_, characters, 459

-- -- habitat, 459

Negri, experimental infection with _Sarcocystis muris_, 192

-- on Neuroryctes, 208

Negri’s bodies, 208, 209

Neligan, _Leishmania tropica_ in dogs, 108

Nemathelminthes, 360

Nematoda, see _Nematodes_

Nematode larvæ in blood in cases of pruritus, 378

-- -- in periosteum of upper jaw in case of gingivitis, 378

Nematodes, anatomy of, 360

-- bursa copulatrix of males, 370

-- chorion enveloping ova, 371

-- classification of, 374

-- clearing of, 473

-- cutaneous glands, unicellular, 361

-- cuticle of, 360

-- cutis of, 361

-- dermo-muscular layer of, 361

-- development of, 17, 371

-- embryos, 372

-- encapsuled forms of, 17

-- epithelium of, 360

-- excretory canals, anterior, 367

-- -- organs, 366, 367

-- -- -- special, lacking in certain genera, 367

-- -- pore and duct, 367

-- -- vesicle, 367

-- fixation of, 473

-- glandular stomach of, 363

-- gubernaculum of male genital apparatus, 369

-- hatched from eggs of _Sphærularia_, 5

-- heterogony in, 372

-- hind gut, 363

-- infection by, 644

-- intestinal cæca, 364

-- -- canal, 363

-- “isolation tissue,” 362, 363, 364

-- life spent in intermediate and final host, 18

-- marine, ventral gland of (so-called), 367

-- mounting head of, 473

-- muscles of, 361

-- nervous system, 364–366

-- observed in human eye, 412

-- -- in man, 376

-- œsophageal glands, 364

-- œsophagus of, 363

-- organs of sense lacking in parasitic species, 366

-- ova of, 371

-- -- conveyance to definite host with intermediate host, 373

-- -- -- -- -- without intermediate host, 372

-- -- detection, 473

-- -- developmental capacity, 371, 372

-- ovejector, 368

-- oviduct, 368

-- parasitic and free-living, connection, 20

-- preservation and examination of, 473

-- rolling of, 473

-- seminal receptacle, 368

-- sexual organs, 367

-- -- -- female, 367, 368

-- -- -- -- diagram of, 368

-- -- -- male, 369

-- -- -- -- diagram of, 368

-- small, detection of, 473

-- spicules of male genital apparatus, 369

-- staining of, 473

-- testis of, 369

-- “tuft-like” or “phagocytic” organs, 362

-- viviparous species, 371

-- young, skin diseases due to, in dogs, 378

Nematodirus, habitat, 438

-- morphology, 438

Neocellia, characters, 562, 569

Neomyzomyia, characters, 561, 567

Neopsylla, distinctive characters, 545

Neosalvarsan in syphilis, 632

-- in yaws, 632

_Neosporidia_, 129, 181

-- characters, 28, 129, 181

_Nephrophages sanguinarius_, characters and morphology, 490

-- -- presence in urine, 490

Nervous system of _Cestoda_, 289, 290

-- -- of Echinorhynchus, 475

-- -- of Hirudinea, 481

-- -- of _Insecta_, 530

-- -- of nematodes, 364–366

-- -- central, effect of _Dipylidium caninum_ on, 649

Neumann, mosquitoes transmitting _Plasmodium relictum_, 170

-- podophyllin in expulsion of ancylostomes, 687

-- synopsis of genus Ornithodorus, 508

-- table of species of Argas, 505

Neuritis, optic, following male fern poisoning, 670

_Neuroptera_, characters, 531

Neuroryctes, 208

-- _hydrophobiæ_, 208

-- -- minute granules in, 210

Neurosporidium, 195

-- _cephalodisci_, 195

Newstead, _Amblyomma cayennense_, 501

-- life-cycle of Phlebotomus, 582

-- _Margaropus annulatus australis_, 505

-- means of separating species of Glossina, 604

Niaibi, mite attacking man, 486

Nicoll, development of cestodes without intermediate host, 17

-- and Minchin, cysticercoids in rat fleas, 327, 328

Nicolle, immunity experiments with _Leishmania infantum_ and _L.
tropica_, 112

-- and others, transmission of relapsing fever by lice, 120, 121

Nicollia, 174

-- _quadrigemina_, 174

Nicotiana soap, application in scabies, 707

Nits, methods of getting rid of, from hair, 710

Nitzsch, views as to cercariæ, 12

Noc, cultivation of species of amœba by, 41

-- on _Lamblia intestinalis_, 60, 625

Noguchi, cultivation of parasite of rabies, 210

-- -- -- of Treponema from human mouth, 128, 741

-- -- of _Treponema pallidum_, 125

-- method of cultivation of spirochætes, 123

-- _Spirochæta phagedenis_, 122

-- _Treponema calligyrum_, 126

-- and Cohen, cultivation of so-called trachoma bodies, 210

-- and Moore, association of Treponema with general paralysis, 125

Nöller, development of _Trypanosoma lewisi_ in dog flea
(_Ctenocephalus canis_), 90, 92

-- method of controlling fleas during experiments, 93

Nordmann, von, discovery of miracidia of flukes, 12

Normand, association of amœbæ with colitis, 30

-- -- of _Strongyloides stercoralis_ with diarrhœa, 380

Norway itch (scabies norvegica), 520

Nose, ascarides in, 690

-- dipterous larvæ in, in enormous numbers, 716, 717

-- discharge from, in nasal myiasis, 718

-- human, _Myriapoda_ parasitic in, 483

-- larvæ of _Hypoderma bovis_ in, 724

-- -- of _Lucilia macellaria_ in, 715, 716

-- -- -- -- see also _Myiasis, nasal_

-- -- of _Oxyuris vermicularis_ in, 469

-- leeches in, 700, 701

-- -- causing epistaxis, 701

-- maggots in, 588

-- _Oxyuridæ_ migrating into, 695, 696

_Nosema apis_, 184

-- -- life-cycle of, 185

-- -- pansporoblast and sporoblast of, 185

-- -- planont of, 185

-- _bombycis_, 184

-- -- spores of, 186

_Notoedres cati_, 521

-- _cuniculi_, 521

-- _notoedres_, 521

Novy and MacNeal, artificial cultivation of trypanosomes, 69

Novy-MacNeal medium, 744

-- -- Mathis’s modification, 744

Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium, best for cultivation of _Leishmania
infantum_, 109

-- -- for cultivation of _Leishmania tropica_, 108

-- -- formula, 744

Nut-pickers affected by _Leptus autumnalis_ (footnote), 485

Nuttall, _Spirochæta marchouxi_, 119

-- _Piroplasmidæ_, 174

Nuttall and Hadwen, trypan-blue in treatment of piroplasmosis, 178

-- and others, nuclear phenomena of _Babesia canis_, 176

-- -- _Theileria parva_, 179

Nuttallia, characters, 174

-- _equi_, cause of equine piroplasmosis, 174, 178

-- -- life-cycle in red blood corpuscles, 173

-- _herpestidis_, 174

_Nycteribiidæ_, 611

Nyctotherus, 204

_Nyctotherus africanus_, 206

-- _faba_, 205

-- -- morphology, 205

-- _giganteus_, 205, 206

-- -- morphology, 205

Nyssorhynchus, characters, 562, 569

O.

Occiput, abscess of, liver-fluke in, 243

Ochindundu, bite of, 541

-- characters of, 541

_Ochromyia anthropophaga_, larvæ of, characters (footnote), 590, 591

-- -- -- hosts of, 590

Œdema following bite of _Argas reflexus_, 506

Oerley, induction of facultative parasitism of _Rhabditis pellio_, 377

Œsophageal glands of nematodes, 364

_Œsophagostomeæ_, characters, 439

Œsophagostomum, morphology, 441

-- _apiostomum_, habitat and host of, 444

-- -- morphology, 444

-- _brumpti_, habitat, 441

-- -- morphology, 441

-- _stephanostomum_, habitat, 444

-- -- var. _thomasi_, morphology, 442, 443, 444

Œsophagus of _Hirudinea_, 480

-- -- nematodes, 363

-- trichomonads in, 55

_Oestridæ_ (warble flies), boils produced by, 725

-- cavicolous, 598

-- cutaneous, 595

-- flight time of, 725

-- gastricolous, 599

-- -- infection by, 729

-- -- -- see also _Creeping disease_

-- hosts of, 594

-- larvæ of, occurrence in man rare, 724

-- method of depositing ova on skin of man, 725

_Oestrus_ (_Cephalomyia_) _ovis_, 598

-- -- -- geographical distribution, 598

-- -- -- ova of, deposition in nasal cavity, 598

Oil, injections of, in nasal myiasis, 719

Ointment, application in scabies, 706

Oken, views as to origin of cercariæ, 12

_Oleum chenopodii_ in ancylostomiasis, 754

_Oligosporulea_, 195

_Oligotricha_, 29

Oliver, artificial infection of human beings with _Cysticercus
bovis_, 340

Omentum, abscess of, with Ascaris ova in pus, 657

Omi, diagnostic sign of presence of _Sparganum mansoni_ in body, 659

Onchocerca, 417

-- _volvulus_, 417

-- -- distribution in West Africa, 419

-- -- invading lymphatic vessels, 418, 419

-- -- invasion in man associated with formation of tumours, 418

-- -- measurements, 755

-- -- morphology, 417, 418

_Onchocercinæ_, 417

Oncospheres (embryos) of tapeworms, 298, 299

-- -- -- certain species of animals necessary for, 299

-- -- -- development into plerocercoid, 300

-- -- -- further development must take place in suitable animals, 299

-- migration in body, 302

O’Neil, filaria infection of skin, 378

Onions, _Anguillulina putrefaciens_ living in, 379

Oöcysts of _Coccidiidea_, 141

-- of malarial parasites, 163

_Opalina_, 198, 207

-- _ranarum_, 207

Ophryocystis, 135

_Opisthorchiidæ_, morphology, 232

_Opisthorchiinæ_, 252

Opisthorchis, 252

-- _felineus_, development, 254

-- -- geographical distribution, 252

-- -- hosts of, 252

-- -- -- intermediate, 254

-- -- mode of infection by, 254

-- -- morphology, 252

-- -- synonyms, 252

-- _pseudofelineus_, anatomy of, diagram illustrating, 254

-- sp., habitat, 753

-- -- morphology, 753

Opisthotonos, disappearance after expulsion of _Ascaridæ_, 649

Oppenheim, maculæ cærulæ (_taches bleues_) due to infection by crab
louse, 712

-- treatment of crab louse infection, 712

Oppilaçao, synonym of Brazilian trypanosomiasis, 87

Oral cavity, cancer of, association of _Entamœba buccalis_ with, 43

-- -- trichomonads in, 55, 56

Orbit, cysticercus of, 664

Orbital cavity, Pycnosoma maggots invading, 588

Orchitis from _Filaria bancrofti_ infection, 677

_Oribates_ sp., 489

Oriental sore, cause of, 107, 627

-- -- experimental production, 109

-- -- geographical distribution, 108

-- -- germ of, possible carrier, 580

-- -- immunity to, procured by inoculation, 108

-- -- objection to name, 107

-- -- occurrence in dogs, 108

-- -- parasite producing, 107, 627

-- -- pathology of, 627

-- -- preventive measures, 628

-- -- relation of infantile kala-azar to, shown experimentally, 109

-- -- sites of occurrence on body, 108

-- -- transmission of, bugs possibly connected with, 108, 536

-- -- treatment, 628

_Ornithodorus coriaceus_, geographical distribution, 509

-- _mégnini_, characters, 510

-- -- ears of hosts infested by, 510

-- -- geographical distribution, 510

-- -- hosts of, 510

-- _moubata_, carrier of African tick fever, 116, 496

-- -- -- of _Filaria perstans_, 508

-- -- -- of spirochæte of relapsing fever, 508

-- -- geographical distribution, 509

-- -- immunity against infection with _Spirochæta duttoni_, 119

-- -- length of life apart from host, 495

-- -- Malpighian secretion passed by, significance, 117

-- -- transmission of _Spirochæta duttoni_ by, 116

-- _savignyi_, 509

-- -- geographical distribution, 509

-- -- transmitting _Spirochæta duttoni_, 739

-- synopsis of genus, 508

-- _talaje_, 119

-- -- bite of, 509

-- -- geographical distribution, 509

-- _tholozani_, geographical distribution, 510

-- _turicata_, 119

-- -- bite of, effects, 509

_Ornithomyia lagopodis_, bite of, 611

_Orthoptera_, characters, 531

Otter, Brazilian, host of _Paragonimus rudis_, 251

Ova, transmission of intestinal worms by, 11

-- see also under _Names of parasites_

Owen, _Trichina spiralis_, 423

Ox, liver of, _Echinococcus multilocularis_ in, 357

-- _Sarcocystis blanchardi_ from, 190

-- gad fly (_Tabanus bovinus_), 601

Oxazine producing blepharoplastless trypanosomes, 101

Oxen, amount of prevalence of _Cysticercus bovis_ in, 340, 341

-- echinococci in, 346

-- how infected with _Paramphistomum cervi_, 226

Oxygen necessary in cultivation of spirochætes, 123

Oxyuriasis, diagnosis, 696

-- dysentery followed by recovery from, 698

-- in children, 695

-- -- -- treatment, 697, 698

-- prophylaxis against, 697

-- treatment by drugs and purgatives, 697

-- -- local, 697

_Oxyuridæ_, 467

-- migrating into nose, 695, 696

-- morphology, 375

-- relationship to appendicitis, 698

Oxyuris, 467

-- _ambigua_, 469

-- _compar_, 469

-- _curvula_, 469

-- encapsuled in female pelvis, 657

-- in appendix, 654, 655

-- infection in relation to appendicitis, 653

-- invading peritoneal cavity, 657

-- lacks intermediate host, 21

-- _mastigodes_, 469

-- _poculum_, 469

-- _tenuicauda_, 469

-- toxic action of, 651

-- _vermicularis_, association with appendicitis and typhlitis, 467

-- -- development, 468

-- -- -- direct, 469

-- -- experimental self-infection with, 469

-- -- habitat, 467

-- -- infection by, 694

-- -- -- with, mode of, 469

-- -- larvæ of, found in nose, 469

-- -- life-history of, 467, 468, 469

-- -- males rarely met with in fæces, 468

-- -- migration from intestine, lesions and symptoms of irritation
set up by, 694, 695

-- -- -- of, in and from intestinal tract, 467

-- -- morphology, 467

-- -- ova of, where deposited, 467

-- -- supposed origin of, 11

Oyster, spirochæte of, 114

Ozæna, connection of nasal myiasis with, 717, 722, 723

P.

Page, case of escape, of ascarides from abdominal operation
wound, 654, 655

Paget, observation of encapsuled Trichinellæ, 423

Pallas, on transmission of intestinal worms, 11

Panama, larvicide used at, in campaign against mosquitoes, 636

-- Canal, _Stegomyia fasciata_ source of danger to, 574

Pani-ghao, skin affection set up by penetration of larvæ of
_Ancylostomum duodenale_, 455

Panoplites, 577

Pansporoblast, 183, 186

Papataci fever, carrying agent of, 582

Pappenheim’s panchrome mixture, 751

Paraboloid condenser, 747

Paraffin, embedding in, for sectioning tissue parasitized by
protozoa, 749

Paragonimiasis, 639

-- affecting regions other than lung, 639

-- prophylaxis, 640

-- see also _Lung-fluke disease_

Paragonimus, morphology, 249

-- _compactus_, host of, 251

-- _kellicotti_, hosts of, 250

-- -- spines of, 251

-- _ringeri_ (lung-fluke), 639

-- -- development, 251

-- -- diseases caused by, 251

-- -- habitat, 251

-- -- internal organs, diagram illustrating, 250

-- -- morphology, 249, 250

-- -- sites of body in which found _post mortem_, 639

-- -- spines of, 251

-- -- synonyms, 249

-- _rudis_, host of, 251

-- _westermannii_, host of, 250

-- -- morphology, diagram illustrating, 250

-- -- spines of, 251

Paraguay, supposed mode of transmission of dermo-mucosal
leishmaniasis in, 739

Paralysis due to tick bites, 613

-- -- -- -- geographical distribution, 613

-- of dourine, 97

Paramœba, 44

-- _hominis_, 45, 734

-- -- characters of, 45

-- -- now called _Craigia hominis_, 45, 734

_Paramphistomidæ_, 231, 234

_Paramphistominæ_, 231

_Paramphistomum cervi_, method of infection of oxen by, 226

Paraplasma, 180

-- doubt as to organismal nature, 180

-- occurs naturally in guinea-pigs, 180

-- _flavigenum_ possibly associated with yellow fever, 180

-- -- morphology, 180

-- _subflavigenum_, 180

Parasites, definition, 1

-- derivation of, 19

-- diagnosis of presence of, 10

-- discoveries from use of microscope, 10

-- great fertility of, 5

-- hereditary transmission of, 19

-- human, _Opisthorchis felineus_ most frequently found at
autopsies at Tomsk, 253

-- incidental, 6