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Bull. No. 211, pp. 311-313.

ZASUKHIN, D. N.

1928. Zur Frage über die Parasiten der Protozoen. Parasiten von
_Nyctotherus ovalis_ Leidy. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 64, pp. 61-70,
2 pls.

1929. Usloviia obitaniia, stroenie i razvitie _Endamoeba blattae_
(Bütschli) Leidy (1879.) [Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und
Entwicklung von _Endamoeba blattae_ Büt. (Leidy) 1879.] Russk.
Arkh. Protistenk., vol. 8, pp. 163-244, 4 pls. (German summary pp.
240-244.)

1930. Lebensbedingungen, Cytologie und Entwicklung von _Endamoeba
blattae_ Büt. (Leidy) 1879. Arch. Protistenk., vol. 70, pp.
681-686.

1934. Hyperparasitism in protozoa. Quart. Rev. Biol., vol. 9, pp.
215-224.

ZHIVAGO, P.

1909. Ueber Vermehrung bei _Pleistophora periplanetae_ Lutz und
Splendore. Zool. Anz., vol. 34, pp. 647-654.

ZIMMERMAN, E. C.

1944. New cockroach egg parasite from Honolulu. Proc. Hawaiian Ent.
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1948. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 2, Apterygota to Thysanoptera,
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ZMEEV, G. I.

1936. Les insectes synanthropes comme hôtes intermédiaires et hôtes
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PLATES

.)]

.)
C, _Herpomyces_ sp. [probably _H. stylopygae_] on antenna of
_B. orientalis_, × 132. (Photographs B and C through the courtesy of
Dr. A. G. Richards.)]

A, Undetermined mermithid that parasitizes _Ectobius pallidus_. × 9.
The worm has partly emerged from the neck region of the cockroach.
(Reproduced from Roth and Willis [1957].) B, Undetermined gordian worm
that parasitized _Eurycotis floridana_ shown beside its host, × 1.8.
(Specimen courtesy of Dr. T. Eisner.)]

beside an oötheca of _Periplaneta
americana_, × 5. B, _Hyptia harpyoides_ with oötheca of _Parcoblatta
uhleriana_ from which it had emerged, × 5. C, Larva of a lampyrid
beetle feeding on _Parcoblatta virginica_ in the laboratory, × 4.]

.)]

A, The wasp finds a cockroach. B, She stings the prey in the thorax.
C, She then leads the disabled cockroach (antennae clipped) to her
nest. D, The wasp's egg was placed on the coxa of the cockroach's
right mesothoracic leg where it hatched. E, Portion of the host's
abdomen removed to show feeding larva. F, New adult wasp emerging
from dead host. (Reproduced from F. X. Williams [1942] from the
color paintings of the late W. Twigg-Smith, through the courtesy
of F. A. Bianchi.)]

, through the courtesy
of Dr. T. Eisner.)]

INDEX

Plate and page numbers in boldface type indicate illustrations. In general, entries are placed in the index as unmodified substantives except where a modifier contributes significantly to the identification of the item (e.g., blue heads, prairie dog). This index should be used in conjunction with the indexed check list of natural associations (pages 290 to 310) because these are not repeated here. All experimental associations are indexed below except those involving _Blatta orientalis_, _Blattella germanica_, and _Periplaneta americana_ that are cited on pages that also contain references to the natural associations of these three species.

_Abies_ sp., 257

Acacia, 56, 69

_Acacia farnesiana_, 155, 164
_harpophylla_, 55
sp., 155

_Acanthinevania princeps_, 235

Acanthocephala, 203

_Acanthogyna deplanata_, 7

Acaridae, 217

Acarina, 210, 216

_Acheta domestica_, 320

_Achromobacter hyalinum_, 110
sp., 110

Achromobacteriaceae, 110

_Acridotheres tristis_, 281

_Acrocomia aculeata_, 142

_Acromyrmex lobicornis_, 312, 313
_lundi_, 312
_niger_, 312
_octospinosus_, 312
_silvestrii_, 312

_Acropyga acutinventris_, 317

Actinocephalidae, 184

Actinomycetaceae, 124

Actinomycetales, 123

Adeleidae, 184

_Adelina cryptocerci_, 184-185

_Aechmaea porteoides_, 144

_Aerobacter aerogenes_, 111
_cloacae_, 112
sp., 112

Aeschnidae, 224

_Agamerion metallica_, 243

Agamidae, 275

_Agamospirura parahormeticae_, 205

_Agaricus_, 164

Agave, 43, 57

_Agelaius xanthomus_, 282

_Agis orientalis_, 7, 27

_Aglaopteryx absimilis_, 7, 35, 156, 317
_devia_, 7
_diaphana_, 7, 35, 36, 145, 146, 290, 339
_facies_, 7, 35, 156, 290, 317, 318
_gemma_, 7, 36, 140, 143, 144, 153, 158, 159, 339
_vegeta_, 7, 146
_ypsilon_, 7, 75

Aircraft, 87-90

_Alcaligenes faecalis_, 111
_recti_, 111
_viscosus_, 111

Algaroba, 45, 156, 164

_Allacta similis_, 7, 36, 75, 276, 290

_Allothereua maculata_, 223

_Alluaudellina cavernicola_, 7, 17

_Alluaudella cavernicola_, 7

_Alpinia_, 163

_Alsophila_ sp., 139

Alsophilas, 164

_Amazonina emarginata_, 7, 36, 146, 158

_Ameiva exsul_, 275
sp., 275

_Amitermes_, 102

_Amoeba blattae_, 177
_coli_, 178
undetermined sp., 181

Amoebidae, 177

Amoebina, 177

Amphibia, 269-272

Amphibians, 3, 353

_Amphibolurus barbatus_, 275

_Amphoromorpha blattina_, 139
sp., 139

_Ampulex_, 2, 256
_amoena_, 256-257
_assimilis_, 257
_canaliculata_, 94, 257-258, 352
_compressa_, 258-259, 352; =pl. 35=
_compressiventris_, 260
_fasciata_, 259
_novarae_, 256
_ruficornis_, 259
_siberica_, 260
_sibirica_, 259
_sonnerati_, 260

Ampulicidae, 256

Anacardiaceae, 157

_Ananas comosus_, 144

_Anaphothrips_ sp., 317

_Anaplecta asema_, 7, 36
_azteca_, 7, 145
_decipiens_, 7, 36
_fallax_, 7, 36
_hemiscotia_, 7, 36
_lateralis_, 7, 36
_mexicana_, 7, 145
spp., 88, 145, 290

_Anastatus blattidarum_, 246
_blattidifurax_, 245
_floridanus_, 94, 245, 255, 319; =pl. 34=
_tenuipes_, 94, 246, 255, 350

Anatidae, 277

_Anax strenuus_, 224

_Ancylostoma caninum_, 209
_ceylanicum_, 209
_duodenale_, 209

Ancylostomidae, 209

_Androctonus australis_, 211

_Aneurina tahuata_, 7, 160
_viridis_, 7, 155, 160, 161

_Anguillula macrura_, 195

_Anisogamia_, 26

Annato, 159

_Annetta_, Steamship, 149

Anoetidae, 217

_Anolis carolinensis_, 273, 346
_cristatellus_, 273
_equestris_, 273, 345, 346
_grahami_, 274
_leachi_, 274
_pulchellus_, 273
_sagrei_, 274
sp., 274
_stratulus_, 274

Anseriformes, 277

Antagonism, interspecies, 341-343

Antbird, 280

Antibiotics, 97-98, 346

Ants, 57, 266-268, 316, 317, 350
Argentine, 268, 319
army, 228, 267, 268, 280, 350
big-headed, 268
carpenter, 267
hosts of cockroaches, 311-314
predaceous, 266
safari, 267
wood, 317

_Aorurus_ (_Thelastoma_) _appendiculatus_, 196
_diesingi_, 195
_philippinensis_, 193
_sphaerolaima_, 194

_Aotes zonalis_, 284

_Aotus_, 284

_Aphaenogaster picea_, 267

_Aphelocoma coerulesens_, 280

Aphids, 62

_Aphlebia maculata_, 10
_punctata_, 10

Apocynaceae, 161

_Apolyta_, 9

_Apotrogia angolensis_, 7, 17

Apple, 166

_Aptera cingulata_, 7
_fusca_, 7, 290, 329

_Apteroblatta perplexa_, 7, 18

Aquifoliaceae, 158

Arachnida, 211

Arachnids, 34

Araceae, 143

_Aranea_, 214

Araneida, 214

Arbor vitae, 44

Archiacanthocephala, 203

_Archiblatta hoevenii_, 7, 329

_Archimandrita marmorata_, 7, 147
_tessellata_, 7, 147

_Arenivaga apacha_, 7, 23, 26, 27
_bolliana_, 7, 23, 26, 27, 37, 290
_erratica_, 7, 23, 26, 27
_floridensis_, 7, 24, 37
_grata_, 7, 17, 18, 37
_roseni_, 7, 24, 26, 27, 291
_tonkawa_, 7, 24

_Aristida pennata_, 65, 141

_Aristiger histrio_, 7, 37, 159, 316

Armadillo, 287

Army transports, 84

_Arthroleptis variabilis_, 270

Arthromitaceae, 124

_Arthromitus intestinalis_, 124

Arthropoda, 210-268

_Arum_ sp., 143

Ascalaphidae, 227

Ascaridae, 209

_Ascaris lumbricoides_, 209
sp., 209
_suum_, 209

Ascaroidea, 209

Aschelminthes, 192, 204, 209

Ascomycetes, 133

_Asmorrhiza longistylis_, 240

_Asparagus officinalis_, 235

Aspen, 46, 152, 164

Aspergillaceae, 129

_Aspergillus flavus_, 130
_fumigatus_, 130
_niger_, 130
sp., 130, 131
_sydowi_, 130
_tamarii_, 130

_Aspiduchus borinquen_, 7, 18, 37, 333-334
_cavernicola_, 8, 18, 334
_deplanatus_, 7, 8, 37

_Asplenium nidus_, 44

Assembling of cockroaches, 331-334

Associations, 6, 15, 91-96
among cockroaches, 324-343
biotic, 2, 91, 94-96
classification of, 91, 95-96
ecological, 14-90, 324-343
facultative, 95-96
familial, 325-330
gregarious, 330-336
interspecies, 337-343
intraspecies, 336-337
mutualism, 96-102
number of, 3, 5
obligate, 95
obscure, 96, 316-319
with man, 70-90

_Astata_, 255

_Ateles dariensis_, 284

Athel, 39

_Atta cephalotes_, 313
_fervens_, 313
_lundi_, 312
_nigra_, 312
_octospinosa_, 313
_sexdens_, 313
_texana_, 313

_Attacus atlas_, 320

_Attaphila aptera_, 8, 313
_bergi_, 8, 312, 313
_flava_, 8, 314
_fungicola_, 8, 313
_schuppi_, 8, 312
_sexdentis_, 8, 313
sp., 313

_Atticola mortoni_, 8, 312

Attraction, intraspecies, 328-334
to decaying material, 53, 59-63
to honeydew, 62
to lights, 52, 61, 64, 66, 79, 81

_Audreia bromeliadarum_, 8, 31, 37, 145
_jamaicana_, 8, 37
_marginata_, 11

Aves, 276-282

_Avicularia avicularia_, 214
sp., 214

"B. aerobia del pseudoedema maligno," 125

_B. alcaligenes beckeri_, 125
_faecalis_, 111
_recti_, 111

"B. del pseudoedema maligno," 125

_B. violaceus_, 106

Baboon, 286

Bacillaceae, 120

Bacilli, colon, 126
paracolon, 113

"Bacillo del barbone dei bufali," 126
"proteisimile," 126
"similcarbonchio," 126
"similtifo," 126
"tifosimile," 126

"Bacillus," 126
"subtilis group," 122

_Bacillus acidi lactici_, 112
_albolactis_, 120
_alcaligenes faecalis_, 111
_anthracis_, 120
_bütschlii_, 120
_cereus_, 120
_circulans_, 120
_cloacae_, 112
_faecalis alkaligenes_, 111
_flacheriae_, 121
_lactis aerogenes_, 111
_megaterium_, 121
_monachae_, 121
_periplanetae_, 121
_prodigiosus_, 117
_radiciformis_, 121
_stellatus_, 121
_subtilis_, 121
_tritus_, 122

Bacteria, 2-3, 100-101, 104-127, 346
"spirochaetoid," 127

Bacteriaceae, 119

"Bacterium," 126

_Bacterium alkaligenes_, 119
_delendae-muscae_, 120
_haemophosphoreum_, 120
_monache_, 121
_prodigiosum_, 117

_Bacteroides uncatus_, 119

Bacteroids, 96-100; =pl. 26=

Badger, 289

_Balantidium_, 101
_blattarum_, 187
_coli_, 187
_ovatum_, 187
_praenucleatum_, 187
sp., 187

_Ballota nigra_, 38

_Balta godeffroyi_, 8, 37
_patula_, 8, 291
_platysoma_, 8, 317
_quadricaudata_, 8, 37, 141
_scripta_, 8, 37, 141, 326
_torresiana_, 8, 38, 141
_verticalis_, 8, 38, 141

Bamboo, 44, 141

_Bambusicola thoracica_, 277

Banana, 36, 40, 53, 54, 58, 66, 82, 146-151, 163, 165, 215
blossoms, 36, 41, 56, 57, 146-148

_Bantua stigmosa_, 8, 99

"Barata selvagem," 194, 199, 200
"sylvestre," 188, 189

"Baratas de pau podre," 200

_Barbulanympha_, 102
_coahoma_, 173
_estaboga_, 173
_laurabuda_, 174
sp., 175
_ufalula_, 174
_wenyoni_, 174

Bark, 36-38, 42, 43, 45-65, 141, 152, 153, 160, 164, 165

Bass, large-mouth black, 269

_Bassariscus astutus_, 288

Bat, 77, 283
caves, 17-18, 21-23

Batrachians, unidentified, 272

Bayberry, 43, 44, 152

_Beauveria bassiana_, 131

Bedbug, 321-322

Beech, 47, 61, 62

Bees, 314, 318

Beetles, 26, 34, 57, 63, 91, 229-234, 318, 347, 348
black (see _Blatta orientalis_)
black larder, 234
rhinocerus, 317

_Bertramia blatellae_, 185

_Beta maritima_, 47, 153
_vulgaris cicla_, 153

_Binema mirsaia_, 193

Birds, 3, 4, 276-282, 353
nests, 35, 318

Bites, cockroach, 83, 322, 336-337
mite, 220
spider, 215

_Bixa_ sp., 159

Bixaceae, 159

_Blabera fusca_, 8, 322

_Blaberus atropos_, 8, 18, 38, 125, 147, 203, 204, 291, 322, 344
_boliviensis_, 8, 147
_clarazianus_, 8
_craniifer_ 8, 18, 75, 97, 99, 116-118, 132, 138, 291, 322, 330,
333, 336, 339, 344; pls. 1, 2, 28
=_cubensis_, 8=
_discoidalis_, 8, 38, 75, 85, 147, 151, 163, 291, 318, 330, 334, 339
_giganteus_, 8, 18, 38, 99, 291; =pl. 3=
"_maderae_," 11, 248
spp., 38, 290, 291

Blackbird, 282
Puerto Rican, 282
yellow-shouldered, 282

_Blaptica dubia_, 8, 292

Blastocystidaceae, 133

_Blastocystis hominis_, 133
sp., 133

"_Blatella americana_," 108, 110, 119, 121, 122

_Blatta aegyptiaca_, 13
_aethiopica_, 13
_americana_, 12
_caraibea_, 79
_concinna_, 10
_humbertiana_, 8
(_Shelfordella_) _lateralis_, 8, 18, 38, 71, 75, 292
_melanocephala_, 13
_notulata_, 10
_orientalis_, 8, 18, 38, 70-72, 75-76, 84, 85, 88, 96, 99, 100, 118,
123, 128, 129, 131, 151, 153, 162, 163, 190, 204, 205, 212, 219,
222, 224-226, 232, 235, 237, 245, 255, 269, 275, 276, 292-293,
320-323, 325-327, 331, 332, 334-336, 338, 341, 342, 346, 347, 352;
=pls. 4, 27=
sp., 292

Blattaria, 3, 224

_Blattarum alatarum_, 83

_Blattelicola blattelicola_, 193

_Blattella bisignata_, 8
_brunneriana_, 11
_chichimeca_, 10
_delicatula_, 8
_germanica_, 8, 17, 18, 39, 70-72, 76, 83-85, 87, 88, 96-101,
103-105, 114, 118, 119, 124, 126, 131, 143, 171, 192, 204, 205,
211, 212, 219, 222, 225-227, 234-236, 240, 241, 255, 272, 276,
277, 283, 293-294, 320, 321, 323, 324, 328, 331, 332, 334, 335,
337-342, 347-349; =pls. 5, 26, 31=
_humbertiana_, 8, 39, 142, 144, 294, 336
_lituricollis_, 8, 263, 295
_nahua_, 11
_schubotzi_, 8, 76
spp. 88, 145, 295
_vaga_, 8, 27, 39, 77, 135, 141, 166, 255, 293, 320, 328; =pl. 5=

_Blatticida ashmeadi_, 243
_pulchra_, 243

_Blatticidella ashmeadi_, 243
_Blatticola_, 199
_aegyptiaca_, 195
_blattae_, 193-194
_blatticola_, 193

"Blattidae sylvestres," 200

_Blattilaelaps nauphoetae_, 216

_Blattina concinna_, 10

_Blattisocius tineivorus_, 216
_triodons_, 216

_Blattophila sphaerolaima_, 194
_sphaerolaima_ var. _javanica_, 194
_supellaima_, 194

_Blattotetrastichus hagenowii_, 249

Bluegills, 269

Blue heads, 269

Blue jay, 280, 346

Bobolink, 282

_Bodo Blattae_, 167
sp., 167

Bodonidae, 167

Bog, peat, 46

Boraginaceae, 161

_Bounty_, H. M. S., 83

_Brachygaster_, 350
_minutus_, 235-236, 351

Bracken, 45, 47

Brambles, 51, 155

Breadfruit, 162

Bream, 269

Bromeliaceae, 144

Bromeliads, 31, 36, 37, 41, 42, 45, 49, 50, 54, 56, 57, 68, 144-146,
320

_Brucella abortus_, 119

_Buboblatta armata_, 8, 145

Bucerotidae, 279

_Bufo funereus_, 270
_ictericus_, 270
_marinus_, 270, 345, 346, 353
_valliceps_, 270

Bufonidae, 270

_Bulhõesia bulhõesi_, 200
_icemi_, 200
_magalhãesi_, 194
_severianoi_, 200

Bullfrog, 271

Burrows, 27
cockroach, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344
relative humidity in, 26
vertebrate, 23-24, 26, 27, 29

_Bursera simaruba_, 157

Burseraceae, 157

_Busaria blattarum_, 188

Busariidae, 187

Buthidae, 211

_Buthus australis_, 211-212

Butterfly nests, 66, 156, 317

_Byrsotria cabrerae_, 8, 40
_fumigata_, 8, 19, 40, 225, 333, 354; =pl. 6=

Cacao, 43, 52, 53, 55

Cacomistle, 288

Cafards, 207

_Cahita borero_, 8, 40
_nahua_, 8, 40

Caladium, 66, 143

Callithricidae, 285
_Callithrix chrysoleucos_, 285
_chrysolevea_, 285
_jacchus_, 285

_Callitris_ sp., 55

_Calluna vulgaris_, 160

_Calodexia venteris_, 228
spp., 228

_Caloglyphus spinitarsus_, 217
sp., 218

_Calyptracordia alba_, 161

Camouflage, 344

_Camponotus femoratus_, 311, 314
_maccooki_, 316
_maculatus_, 312
_pennsylvanicus_, 267
_rufipes_, 312

_Candida zeylanoides_, 129

Canidae, 288

_Canis familiaris_, 288
_latrans_, 288

_Canna_, 151, 163

Cannaceae, 151

Cannibalism, 322-324

_Cantao ocellatus_, 320

_Canthium barbatum_, 161

Capá blanco, 66

_Capillaria hepatica_, 210

_Capucinella delicatula_, 147

Carabidae, 229

Carboniferous, 14

Care, maternal, 325-330

_Cariblatta antiguensis_, 8, 40, 158, 161
_cuprea_, 8, 40
_delicatula_, 8, 40, 143, 147, 295
_hylaea_, 8, 40, 147, 153
_imitans_, 8, 41
_insularis_, 8, 41, 145, 147, 339
_landalei_, 8, 41, 147
_lutea_, 23
_lutea lutea_, 8, 41, 153, 158, 295
_lutea minima_, 8, 42, 143; =pl. 7=
_nebulicola_, 8, 42, 145, 340
_orestera_, 8, 151
_punctipennis_, 8, 147
_punctulata_, 8, 143
_reticulosa_, 8, 42
spp., 42, 88
_stenophrys_, 8, 42, 142, 156

_Cariblattoides instigator_, 8, 43
_suave_, 8, 43

_Carica papaya_, 159

Caricaceae, 159

Carnations, 163

Carnivora, 288

_Carpinus orientalis_, 38

Caryophanales, 124

_Casuarina_, 152, 164

Casuarinaceae, 152

Cat, 4, 289
ring-tailed, 288

Caterpillars, 319

_Catopsis fulgens_, 144

_Cattleya_, 151, 162-163

Caudata, 269

Caves, 16-17

_Cavia_ sp., 288

Caviidae, 288

Cebidae, 284

_Cebus apella_, 284
_capucinus_, 284

_Cecropia_ sp., 40, 153

Cedar, Japanese, 164

Centipedes, 3, 222-224, 319
house, 222

_Centruroides gracilis_, 212
_hentzi_, 212
_vitattus_, 212

_Cephalobellus brevicaudatum_, 194
_magalhãesi_, 194

_Cephalosporium_ sp., 131

_Ceratinoptera diaphana_, 7
_picta_, 8, 43, 159

_Ceratonia siliqua_, 156

Cercopithecidae, 286

_Cercopithecus_ sp., 286, 343

Cestoda, 208

Chactidae, 212

_Chaetochloa verticillata_, 142

_Chaetodactylus_ sp., 218

_Chalceus macrolepidotos_, 269

_Challenger_, H. M. S., 83

_Chamaeleon chamaeleon_, 275
_oustaleti_, 275

Chamaeleontidae, 275

Chameleon, 275

Channel cat, 269

Characidae, 269

_Cheiloneurus viridiscutum_, 244

Chelonia, 272

Chemotaxis, 331

Chenopodiaceae, 153

Chestnut, 44, 60-61

Chicken, 68, 82, 276, 278

Chilicabra, 281

Chilomastigidae, 169

_Chilomastix mesnili_, 169

Chilopoda, 222

Chimpanzee, 286

Chiroptera, 283

_Chlamydosaurus kingii_, 275

_Chlorion compressum_, 258

_Chloris gayana_, 141

_Chordodes morgani_, 201
_pilosus_, 202
_puerilis_, 201

Chordodidae, 201

_"Chordotes" puerilis_, 201

_Chorisoneura barbadensis_, 8, 147
_flavipennis_, 8, 43
_formosella_, 8, 43, 160
_parishi_, 8, 43
_plocea_, 8
sp., 295
_specilliger_, 8, 43
_texensis_, 8, 43, 152, 153, 157, 161, 316
_translucida_, 8, 44

_Choristima_ sp., 9, 295

_Choristimodes_ sp., 9, 295

_Chromatonotus infuscatus_, 9, 44
_notatus_, 9, 44, 77

_Chromobacterium violaceum_, 106

Chrysanthemums, 165

_Chrysemys picta_, 272

Cicadas, 257

Ciliata, 186

Ciliate, unidentified, 190

_Cimex lectularius_, 321

_Cinchona pubescens_, 162, 163

_Ciniflo_, 214

_Citharexylum villosum_, 43, 161

_Citrus aurantifolia_, 157
_maxima_, 157
_sinensis_, 157
sp., 157, 164

Cleonymidae, 243

_Clepsidrina blattarum_, 181

_Clerada apicicornis_, 226

_Clerodendron trichotomum_, 256-257

_Clevelandella constricta_, 189
_contorta_, 189
_elongata_, 189
_hastula_, 189
_nipponensis_, 189
_panesthiae_, 189
_parapanesthiae_, 189

Clevelandellidae, 102, 189

_Clevelandia_, 189

Clevelandiidae, 189

_Clostridium feseri_, 122
_lentoputrescens_, 122
_novyi_, 122
_perfringens_, 122
_sporogenes_, 122
spp., 122
_tetani_, 122

_Clubiona_, 214

_Cnemidophorus_ sp., 275

Coati, 288

Coccidia, 184

_Coccidioides periplanetae_, 133

Coccinellidae, 348

"Coccobacillus," 126

_Coccobacillus cajae_, 120

Cockroach, American (see _Periplaneta americana_)
amphibious, 30-33, 48
aposymbiotic, 97-99
Australian (see _Periplaneta australasiae_)
beetle (see _Diploptera punctata_)
brown (see _Periplaneta brunnea_)
brown-banded (see _Supella supellectilium_)
burrowing, 27, 29, 30, 55, 58, 67, 68, 328, 344
carnivorous, 6, 14, 319-324, 336
cavernicolous, 16-25, 37
checklists of, 290-310, 315
cinereous (see _Nauphoeta cinerea_)
colonies, 75, 327-334
commensal, 310-315
control, 1, 6, 84, 162, 331, 348
Cuban (see _Panchlora nivea_)
cypress (see _Diploptera punctata_)
dendricolous, 51
defenses, 343-348
desert, 25-30
disease relations, 1, 3, 74
domiciliary, 51, 70-90, 322, 331, 338, 349
enemies, 2-4, 91, 95-96
field (see _Blattella vaga_)
Florida (see _Eurycotis floridana_)
German (see _Blattella germanica_)
harlequin (see _Neostylopyga rhombifolia_)
Key West (see _Blaberus craniifer_)
Madeira (see _Leucophaea maderae_)
myrmecophilous, 310, 311-314
odor, 6, 84, 280, 344-347
oriental (see _Blatta orientalis_)
oviparous, 325-327
phytophagous, 68, 162-166
predaceous, 319-324
predators, escape from, 343
ship, 82-87
smoky brown (see _Periplanet fuliginosa_)
species, list of, 7-14
number of known, iii, 5
spotted Mediterranean (see _Ectobius pallidus_)
structural habitats of, 70-90
Surinam (see _Pycnoscelus surinamensis_)
undetermined, 308-310
viviparous, 31, 326, 328-330
"wood" (except here, usually _Parcoblatta_ spp.), 214, 266, 274

Coconut, 35, 38, 49, 143

_Cocos nucifera_, 143

_Coelosporidium blattellae_, 185
_periplanetae_, 168, 176, 177, 185

_Coenosia basalis_, 229

_Coffea_ sp., 162

Coffee, 66, 67

_Coleolaelaps_ sp., 216; =pl. 12=

Coleoptera, 229-234, 348

"Colon bacilli," 126

Colonies, cockroach, 75, 327-334

Colubridae, 276

Columbidae, 278

Columbiformes, 278

Combretaceae, 159

Commensalism, 92

Commensals, 2-3, 95, 173, 310-314
cockroach, check list of, 315

Compatibility, interspecies, 337-341

_Comperia merceti_, 244, 255, 351, 355; =pl. 34=
_merceti_ var. _falsicornis_, 244

Compositae, 162

_Compsodes schwarzi_, 9, 27, 316

_Compsolampra_, 9

_Comptolampra liturata_, 9, 44, 140, 141

_Conocarpus erectus_, 159

Conopidae, 228

Control, biological, 1, 6, 348-354

Convolvulaceae, 161

_Coptotermes ceylonicus_, 310

Coraciformes, 279

_Cordaites_, 14

_Cordia dentata_, 161

_Cordyceps amazonica_, 134
_blattae_, 134

Corn, 42, 48, 57, 58

_Cornus mas_, 38

Corvidae, 280

_Corydia nuptialis_, 14

Corynebacteriaceae, 110

_Corynebacterium diphtheriae_, 110

_Cosmozosteria lateralis_, 9, 345

_Costus_ sp., 316

Cotton, 66, 67, 158, 163

_Coturnix coturnix japonica_, 277

Coxsackie viruses, 103-104

Coyote, 288

Crappies, 269

_Crataegus_ sp., 155

Crickets, 320-321
stone, 226

_Crinum_, 163

_Cristatithorax_, 244

_Cryptocercus punctulatus_, 9, 44, 62, 67, 100-103, 175-229, 295,
317, 326, 328, 339, 354; =pl. 8=
_relictus_, 9, 44
spp., 6, 34

_Cryptomeria_, 45, 140, 164

Cucarachero, 281

Cucumber, 164

Cunoniaceae, 155

Cupressaceae, 141

_Cupressus_, 164
_macrocarpa_, 141, 164

_Cutilia nitida_, 9, 345
_soror_, 9, 45, 77, 296
sp. near _sedilloti_, 9; =pl. 9=
spp., 45, 296, 319

_Cyanocitta cristata_, 280, 346

Cyatheaceae, 139

Cycads, 166

_Cynopotamus essequibensis_, 269

Cyperaceae, 142

_Cyperus_ sp., 142

Cypress, 45, 63, 164

Cypress pine, 55

_Cyrilla_, 42

_Cyrtandra_ sp., 161

_Cyrtocharax magdalenae essequibensis_, 269

_Cyrtotria capucina_, 9, 27

Dasypodidae, 287

_Dasypus novemcinctus_, 287

Dates, 39

DDT, 278

Defenses, cockroach, 343-348

Dematiaceae, 132

_Dendroblatta sobrina_, 9, 45, 316, 330

_Dendrocopus mahrattensis_, 279

Dermaptera, 226

_Dermestes ater_, 234
sp., 234

Dermestidae, 234

Dermestids, 320

_Derocalymma cruralis_, 9, 100
_lampyrina_, 9, 27
_porcellio_, 9, 28
_stigmosa_, 8

_Deropeltis autraniana_, 9, 28
_erythropeza_, 9, 19
_melanophila_, 9, 28
_nigrita_, 9, 28

Deserts, 25-30

_Dicarnosis alfierii_, 245

_Dictamnus fraxinella_, 38

Didelphidae, 283

_Diestrammena apicalis_, 226
_japonica_, 226

Digenea, 208

Dinenymphidae, 170

"Diphtheroid I and II," 127

"Diplococci," 127

_Diplococcus pneumoniae_, 109

Diplocystidae, 181

_Diplocystis schneideri_, =168=, 181
sp., 181; =pl. 28=

_Diplogaster_, 192

Diplogasteridae, 192

Diplogyniidae, 217

Diplogyniid, undetermined, 217

_Diploptera dytiscoides_, 9
_punctata_, 9, 45, 140-142, 152, 155-157,159, 164, 216, 224-226,
259, 273, 280, 287, 296, 324, 334, 339, 347; =pls. 10, 36=

_Dipodomys spectabilis spectabilis_, =23=

Diptera, 227

Disease organisms transmitted by cockroaches, 3

_Dobellina_, 177

Dog, 288

_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_, 282

_Dolichurus bicolor_, 260
_corniculus_, 260-261
_gilberti_, 261
_greenei_, 261
_haemorrhous_, 260
_ignitus_, 261-262
_stantoni_, 262, 263, 352
sp., 262

_Dorylaea rhombifolia_, 11

_Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans_ subsp. _sjostedi_, 267
sp., 267
_wilverthi_, 267

Dove, Chinese, 278

Dragonfly, giant Hawaiian, 224

Drake (Francis), 83

_Drassodes_, 214

_Drassus_ sp., 318

_Dryadoblatta scotti_, 9, 31, 45, 144, 145

_Drymaplaneta_, 319

Ducks, domestic, 277, 343

_Duguay-Trouin_, Cruiser, =232=

_Dyscologamia capensis_, 9
_chopardi_, 10
_pilosa_, 9
_wollastoni_, 9

Dytiscidae, 230

Earthworms, 319

Earwigs, undetermined, 226

_Eberthella oedematiens_, 112

_Echinococcus granulosis_, 208

_Eciton burchelli_, 268, 280 sp., 228

Ecology, 14-96, 324-343

"_Ectobia_" spp., 135

_Ectobia livida_, 232

_Ectobius africanus_, 9, 45
_albicinctus_, 9, 46
_duskei_, 9, 46, 77
_ericetorum_, 9
_germanicus_, 8
_lapponicus_, 9, 46, 83, 100, 152, 160, 164, 296, 340
_livens_, 9
_lividus_, 9
_lucidus_, 9, 340
_nicaeensis_, 9, 46
_nigripes_, 256
_pallidus_, 9, 19, 47, 77, 100, 140, 153, 161, 296, 340; =pls. 7, 29=
_panzeri_, 9, 47, 153, 160, 296
_panzeri_ var. _nigripes_, 9
_perspicillaris_, 9
_semenovi_, 9, 47, 152
spp., 19, 214, 297
_sylvester_, 9, 47, 326, 340
_sylvestris_, 9
_tadzihicus_, 9, 48
_vittiventer_, 9, 19, 48
_vittiventris_, 9

Edentata, 287

_Eleagnus_, 48

_Eleutheroda dytiscoides_, 9

_Ellipsidion affine_, 9, 48, 297, 327
_aurantium_, 9
_australe_, 9, 48, 155, 160, 297, 327
_bicolor_, 9, 48, 142
_pellucidum_, 9
_simulans_, 9, 48, 141
spp., 35, 48
_variegatum_, 9, 329

Elm, 38

_Embadomonas blattae_, 167

Embryophyta siphonogama, 140

Emydidae, 272

Encephalomyelitis virus, mouse, 104

Encyrtidae, 94, 243, 245

_Endamoeba blattae_, 101, 102, 168, 177-178
_coli_, 178
_javanica_, 178
_philippinensis_, 178
_thomsoni_, 179
versus _Entamoeba_, 177

Endamoebidae, 177

_Endolimax blattae_, 101, 180
_nana_, 180
sp., 180

Endomycetales, 133

_Entamoeba blattae_, 177
_blattarum_, 177
_coli_, 178, 179
_histolytica_, 179
_nana_, 180
_pitheci_, 179
sp., 179-180
_thomsoni_, 179

_Entedon hagenowii_, 236, 249

Enterobacteriaceae, 111

_Enterobius vermicularis_, 209

_Enterococcus_, 109

Entomophthorales, 133

_Ephestia kühniella_, 99

_Epilampra abdomen-nigrum_, 9, 31, 48, 77, 141, 147, 160, 164, 297
_annandalei_, 9, 31-32
_azteca_, 9, 48
_conferta_, 9, 297
_conspersa_, 9, 145
_grisea_, 9, 100
_maya_, 9, 85, 145, 147
_mexicana_, 9, 147
_mona_, 9, 48, 144
_notabilis_, 9, 319
_sodalis_, 9, 145
spp., 9, 32, 85, 89, 145-147, 263, 297, 326, 344
_tainana_, 9, 49
_wheeleri_, 9, 49, 297

Epilamprinae, 30, 326, 348
unidentified, 33

_Epimys norvegicus_, 287

Epiphytes, 34, 44 (see also Bromeliads)

_Epomphaloides ischnopterae_, 249

_Eremoblatta subdiaphana_, 9, 28, 316

_Ergaula capensis_, 9, 49, 77, 311
scarabaeoides, 9, 19

Ericaceae, 160

Erinaceidae, 283

_Erinaceus europaeus_, 283
sp., 283

_Erythrina glauca_, 35, 156

_Erythrocebus patas patas_, 180

_Escala circumducta_, 13
_longiuscula_, 13
sp., 10, 297

_Escherichia coli_, 112
_coli_ var. _acidilactici_, 112
_coli_ var. _communior_, 113
_freundii_, 113
_intermedium_, 113

"Espino rubial," 66, 155

_Estrildine_ sp., 318

_Euandroblatta palpalis_, 10, 28

Eubacteriales, 104

_Eublaberus posticus_, 10, 77, 89

Eucalyptus, 48, 231

_Eucalyptus_ sp., 160

_Eucharis_, 163

_Eucomonympha_, 102
_imla_, 175, 176

Eucomonymphidae, 176

_Eudromiella bicolorata_, 10, 49
_calcarata_, 10, 147

_Eugenia aromatica_, 160

_Euglena_ sp., 166

Euglenidae, 166

Euglenoidina, 166

Eulophidae, 94, 248

_Eulophus_, 250, 351

Eupelmidae, 94, 210, 245

_Eupelmus atriflagellum_, 247
sp., 247

Euphorbiaceae, 157

_Euphyllodromia angustata_, 10, 147
_liturifera_, 10, 49
_decastigmata_, 10

_Euryconema paradisa_, 194

_Eurycotis bananae_, 10, 47
_biolleyi_, 10, 49, 145, 158
_caraibea_, 10, 147
_carbonaria_, 10
_decipiens_, 10, 49, 346
_dimidiata_, 10, 49, 147
_ferrum-equinum_, 10, 49
_floridana_, 6, 10, 49-50, 77, 100, 140, 143, 144, 152, 162, 166,
171, 224, 255, 280, 297, 319, 326, 333, 334, 338, 339, 341, 345,
346; pls. 11, 29, 34
_galeoides_, 10, 50
_improcera_, 10, 297
_kevani_, 10, 50, 158
_lixa_, 10, 147
_manni_, 10, 298
_opaca_, 10, 50
_sabalianus_, 10

_Euscorpius carpathicus_, 212
_germanus_, 212
_italicus italicus_, 213

_Euthlastoblatta abortiva_, 10, 24, 50, 143

_Euthyrrhapha nigra_, 10, 19
_pacifica_, 10, 77

_Eutrichomastix_ sp., 169

_Eutrichosomella blattophaga_, 245

_Evania_, 237, 350
_abyssinica_, 239
_appendigaster_, 235, 236-237, =238=, 239, 350-352
_desjardinsii_, 236
_dimidiata_, 239
_impressa_, 242
_laevigata_, 236
_minuta_, 235
_princeps_, 235
_punctata_, 240
_sericea_, 242
sp., 237, 251
_subspinosa_, 239

Evaniidae, 93, 234-243

_Exothea paniculata_, 36, 158

Eyeworm, chicken, 68, 164, 204-205, 277, 278, 343

Fagaceae, 152

Felidae, 289

_Felis catus_, 289
_pardalis mearnsi_, 290

Fennel, 237

Fern, 44, 140, 164

Fig, 344

Fighting, intraspecies, 323, 336-337

Filarien, 202

Fir, Scotch, 140

Fish, 3, 268-269

Flacourtiaceae, 159

Flagellate, unidentified, 176

Flies, conopid, 228
ichneumon, 236
muscid, 229
phorid, 227
sand, 322
sarcophagid, 229
tachinid, 228

_Foeniculum vulgare_, 237

_Fondia_ sp., 318

Food, cockroaches as human, 286-287
contamination of, 83
of cockroaches, 16, 21, 31, 32, 45, 68, 72, 77, 83, 87, 162-166,
314, 318, 319-324

Forficulid, 339

Forficulidae, 226

_Formica_, 267
_omnivora_, 268
_rufa_, 316
_rufibarbis_, 312
sp., 316
_subcyanea_, 312

Formicariidae, 280

Formicas, 316

Formicidae, 267, 311

Formicinae, 311

Fossils, 14

Fowl, guinea, 343
jungle, 277

Fox, 288

_Freycinetia_ sp., 141

Fringillidae, 282

Frogs, 4, 270-272
tree, 270, 353

Fungi, 3, 127-139
hyperparasitic in protozoa, 178, 188
Imperfecti, 129

Fungus gardens, 313

_Fusiformis lophomonadis_, 119, 173

_Galebia aegyptiaca_, 195

_Galerita janus_, 347

Galliformes, 277

_Gallus_ sp., 277

_Gamocystis tenax_, 168, 184

Geckos, 273, 354

_Gekko gecko_, 272

Gekkonidae, 272

_Geomys_ sp., =24=

_Geoscapheus robustus_, 10, 319, 344

_Geotrichum candidum_, 131

Geraniaceae, 156

Geraniums, 156, 164

Gesneriaceae, 161

_Giardia intestinalis_, 171
sp., 172

Ginger, wild, 151

Glands, secretory, 345-347

_Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora_, 31, 144

Glyciphagidae, 218

Goat, 319

Goldenrod, 162

_Gongylonema ingluvicola_, 205
_neoplasticum_, 191, 206, 287
_pulchrum_, 192, 206
sp., 206

Gopher, pocket, 24

Gordiaceo, 202

Gordian worms, undetermined, 202; =pl. 29=

Gordiidae, 201

Gordioidea, 201

_Gordius_, 192
_aquaticus_, 201-202
_blattae orientalis_, 202
_orientalis_, 202
_pilosus_, 202
_raphaelis_, 202
sp., 202

_Gossypium_ spp., 158

"Gram positive rods," 127

Gramineae, 141

Grapefruit, 66, 67

_Graptoblatta notulata_, 10, 50-51, 141, 147, 151, 158-161, 163, 298,
339

Grass, 37, 40, 42-53, 55, 59-62, 64-66, 69, 141-142
bunch, 64
desert, 27-30
feather, 46
marram, 47
Rhodes, 39, 141
saw, 42, 50
wire, 41, 52

Grassquit, Carib, 282

Greenhouses, 68, 80, 81, 155, 157, 162-165, 342

_Gregarina blaberae_, 184
_blattae orientalis_, 181
_blattarum_, 168, 181-182
_fastidiosa_, 182
_gibbsi_, 182
_illinensis_, 183
_impetuosa_, 183
_légeri_, 183
_neo-brasiliensis_, 183
_ohioensis_, 183
_panchlorae_, 183
_parcoblattae_, 183
_rhyparobiae_, =168=, 183
_sandoni_, 183
_serpentula_, 184
_thomasi_, 184

Gregarine, 181; =pl. 28=

Gregarinida, 181
unidentified, 184

Gregarinidae, 181

Gregariousness, 328, 330-336
physiological effects, 334-335

_Grevisia_, 144

_Gromphadorhina laevigata_, 10, 330
_portentosa_, 10, 298, 330, 354; =pl. 12=

Gru-gru, 142

Grubs, 317, 319

Gryllacrididae, 226

Guano, 16, 18-23

Guanobies, 16-17, 19

Guava, 54, 63, 67

Guêpe ichneumon, 258

Guinea pigs, 288

Gum tree, 36, 53, 59, 61, 63, 155

Gumbo limbo, 43, 44, 157

_Gymnasio nudipes_, 279

_Gymnopithys leucaspis_, 280

_Gyna kazungulana_, 10, 19
_maculipennis_, 10, 19
sp., 298
_tristis_, 10, 20
_vetula_, 10

Habitats, 15
aquatic, 30-33, 48
beach, 36, 42, 47, 52, 53, 58, 63, 69
cave, 16-17
cultivated areas, 38, 39, 53, 58
desert, 25-30, 39, 59, 65, 67, 69
dumps and rubbish, 38-40, 50, 53, 55, 67, 69
flatwoods, 37, 41, 42, 53, 60
forest, 36-38, 40-47, 49-57, 59-66
grassland, 41, 42, 52, 53, 64
hammock, 41-43, 50, 52, 53, 59, 60, 68
marsh, 42, 50
outdoor, 33-70
rotten wood, 34, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 49-52, 56-63
sand dune, 47, 61
sandhills, 36, 41, 42, 47, 50, 52, 60
scrub, 36, 37, 40-42, 48, 50, 52, 55, 57-60, 62, 66, 67
soil, 37, 39, 49, 53, 55, 58, 60, 67, 68, 344
steppe, 46, 47
stones and rock, 29, 31-33, 36-40, 43, 45-57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 67-70
structures, 70-90
aircraft, 87-90, 232
land-based, 73-82
ships, 82-87, 232-233
swamp, 41, 42, 46, 51, 53, 58, 61, 63, 66, 68
winter, 38-39, 61, 71

Hackberry, 50

_Hadrurus arizonensis_, 213

Hamamelidaceae, 155

_Hammerschmidtiella diesingi_, 124, 190, 191, 195-196
_neyrae_, 196
_neyrai_, 196

Haplosporidia, 185

_Haplosporidium periplanetae_, 185

_Harpalus pennsylvanicus_, 229

_Hartmannella blattae_, 177

Heather, 46, 47, 160

_Hebardina concinna_, 10, 278

Hedgehog, 4, 283, 354

_Hedychium_, 163

_Helianthus_ sp., 162

_Heliconia_, =40=

Helminths, 2-3, 190-210
cockroaches as intermediate hosts, 203-207
cockroaches as primary hosts, 192-202
ova carried by cockroaches, 208-210

_Hemiblabera brunneri_, 10, 51, 156

_Hemidactylus frenatus_, 272

Hemiptera, 226, 348

_Hemithyrsocera histrio_, 7

Hemlock, 44

_Henicotyle antillarum_, 10, 51

_Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus_, 289
sp., 289

_Herpetomonas periplanetae_, 167

_Herpomyces_, 93, 127-129
_amazonicus_, 134
_anaplectae_, 134
_appendiculatus_, 134
_arietinus_, 128, 134-135; =pl. 27=
_chaetophilus_, 135
_chilensis_, 135
_diplopterae_, 135
_ectobiae_, 135
_forficularis_, 135
_gracilis_, 135
_grenadinus_, 136
_leurolestis_, 136
_lobopterae_, 136
_macropus_, 136
_nyctoborae_, 136
_panchlorae_, 136
_panesthiae_, 136
_paranensis_, 136
_periplanetae_, 137, 138
_phyllodromiae_, 137
_platyzosteriae_, 137
_stylopygae_, 128, 137-138; =pl. 27=
_supellae_, 138
_tricuspidatus_, 138
_zanzibarinus_, 138

_Heterodon contortrix_, 276
_platyrhinos_, 276

_Heterogamia aegyptiaca_, 13

_Heterogamodes krügeri_, 10, 20
_roseni_, 7
_rugosa_, 10, 28

_Heterometrus longemanus_, 211, 213

_Heteropoda regia_, 215
_venatoria_, 215; =pl. 30=

Heteroptera, 318

_Hexamita_, 102
_cryptocerci_, 171
_periplanetae_, 171
sp., 171

Hexamitidae, 171

2-hexenal, 6, 280, 345-346

Hibiscus, 36, 40, 68, 158

_Hibiscus rosa-sinensis_, 68, 158

Hickory, 53, 60, 61, 63

_Hierodula tenuidentata_, 224-225, 355; =pl. 32=

_Histiostoma feroniarum_, 217

_Holocompsa azteca_, 10, 77
_cyanea_, 10, 78
_fulva_, 10, 298
_metallica_, 10, 51
_nitidula_, 10, 78, 148, 339
_zapoteca_, 10, 20

_Hololampra bivittata_, 10, 51
_chavesi_, 10, 51, 155
_maculata_, 10, 51
_marginata_, 10, 51
_punctata_, 10, 298
sp., 51

_Hololeptoblatta_ sp., 51, 141

Holomastigotidae, 172

_Holoquiscalus brachypterus_, 282

Holotricha, 186

_Homalodemas cruralis_, 9

_Homalopteryx laminata_, 10, 52, 151
_scotti_, 9

Hominidae, 286

_Homo sapiens_, 286

Honeydew, 237, 242

Hookworm, ova, 210

Hoplonymphidae, 173

_Hoplosphoropyga babaulti_, 10, 20

_Hormetica apolinari_, 10, 51
_laevigata_, 10, 52, 143, 145, 148
spp., 148
_ventralis_, 10, 148

_Hormurus caudicula_, 213

Hornbill, gray, 279

Huckleberry, 43, 57

Humidity reactions, 35, 72, 129

_Hygrocrocis intestinalis_, 124

Hygroreceptors, 72

Hygrotaxis, 72, 331

_Hyla cinerea_, 270

Hylidae, 270

Hymenolepididae, 208

_Hymenolepis diminuta_, 203
sp., 208

Hymenoptera, 2, 234, 311
cockroach-hunting wasps, 255-266
host selection by egg parasites, 254-255
hosts of commensal cockroaches, 311-314
predators and parasites of cockroach eggs, 234-254

Hypermastigina, 172

_Hyperolius picturatus_, 271

_Hypoaspis_ sp., 217

Hypocreaceae, 134

Hypocreales, 134

_Hyporhicnoda_, 146

_Hyptia dorsalis_, 239
_harpyoides_, 239; =pl. 33=
_reticulata_, 239, 240
sp., 240
_thoracica_, 239, 240

Icteridae, 282

_Icterus portoricensis_, 280

_Idionympha perissa_, 174

_Ignabolivaria bilobata_, 10, 52

Iguanidae, 273

_Ilex cassine_, 66, 158
_coriacea_, 41, 158
_lucida_, 41, 158
_rotunda_, 257

Incertae sedis, fungi, 139
protozoa, 176

_Inermicapsifer madagascariensis_, 203

Infestations of cockroaches, 331

_Inga laurina_, 35, 156
_vera_, 35, 66, 67, 156, 317

Insecta, 224-268

Insectivora, 283

_Inuus sylvanus_, 286

Invertebrates in biological control, 349-352

_Iodamoeba_ sp., 180

_Iolina nana_, 219

Iolinidae, 219

_Ipomoea tiliasea_, 66, 161

_Iridomyrmex humilis_, 268, 319

Ironwood, 164

_Ischnomyrmex_ sp., 316

_Ischnoptera_, 134-135, 319
_borealis_, 12
_cavernicola_, 14
_couloniana_, 12
_deropeltiformis_, 10, 52, 142, 164, 298, 316, 336, 355; =pl. 12A=
_divisa_, 12
_insolita_, 12
_major_, 12
_panamae_, 10, 53
_pennsylvanica_, 12
_podoces_, 10, 53, 340
_remyi_, 14
_rufa occidentalis_, 10, 78, 145
_rufa rufa_, 10, 53, 78, 89, 148, 161, 298
_rufescens_, 82
_schenklingi_, 10, 142
spp., 85, 89, 267, 298, 316
_uhleriana_, 12
_uhleriana fulvescens_, 12

Ischnuridae, 213

Isoptera, 310

_Isotricha caulleryi_, 187

Isotrichidae, 187

Jasmine, 45

_Jasminum pubescens_, 45

Jay, blue, 280
Florida, 280

Júcaro, 66

Juniper, 59

_Juniperus_ sp., 65, 141

_Jussiaea natans_, 160, 164

_Kakerlac schaefferi_, 12

Kakkerlac, 260

_Karnyia discoidalis_, 10, 298

Kiawe tree, 164

Kingbird, grey, 35, 318

_Klebsiella pneumoniae_, 113

Kojukei, 277

_Kuchinga hemerobina_, 10, 298
_remota_, 10, 141, 148

Küchenschaben, 100, 169, 171-173, 188

Laboulbeniaceae, 127, 134

Laboulbeniales, 134

_Lactobacillus fermenti_, 109

Lactobacteriaceae, 109

Laelaptidae, 216

_Lamproblatta albipalpus_, 10, 53, 148
_meridionalis_, 10, 53

Lampyrid, undetermined, 230; =pl. 33=

Lampyridae, 230

Laniidae, 281

_Lanius ludovicianus_, 281

Larvaevoridae, 228

_Lasius alienus_, 268

_Lastrea aristata_, 163

_Latiblattella chichimeca_, 10, 54, 145
_lucifrons_, 11, 54, 146, 255
_rehni_, 11, 54, 140, 144, 339
spp., 85, 148
_vitrea_, 11, 143
_zapoteca_, 11, 54

_Latindia armata_, 8

_Latrodectus indistinctus_, 215-216
_mactans_, 216

Lauraceae, 153

Leafhoppers, 320

Legumes, 165

Leguminosae, 155

_Leidynema appendiculata_, 124, 190, 191, 196-198
_appendiculata_ var. _americana_, 197
_appendiculata_ var. _hispana_, 197
_appendiculata_ var. _indiana_, 197
_cranifera_, 198
_delatorrei_, 198
_nocalum_, 198

_Leidynemella fusiformis_, 198
_panesthiae_, 198
_paracranifera_, 198

_Leiolopisma laterale_, 274

_Lemur coronatus_, 283
_fulvus_, 283
_tardigradus_, 284

Lemuridae, 283

_Leontocebus oedipus_, 285
_rosalia_, 285
_ursulus_, 285

Lepidoptera, 316-318

_Lepomis pallidus_, 269

_Leptodactylus albilabris_, 271
_pentadactylus_, 271

_Leptomonas blaberae_, 167
sp., 167

_Leptopelis calcaratus_, 271
_rufus_, 271

_Leptospironympha_, 102
_eupora_, 172
_rudis_, 172
_wachula_, 172

Lesser apple worm, 65

_Leucophaea maderae_, 11, 54, 70, 71, 78, 86, 89, 119, 148, 162, 168,
171, 203, 204, 213, 224, 236, 247, 299, 322, 329, 330, 333, 335,
339, 342, 347; =pls. 13, 28=
sp., 299
_striata_, 13
_surinamensis_, 13

_Leurolestes circumvagans_, 11, 78
_pallidus_, 11, 71, 78, 299, 339

Lice, plant, 320

Lichens, 47, 51, 56, 64, 153

Liliaceae, 146

_Lily_, Brig, 84

Lily, Easter, 146, 164

Lime, 45, 66, 157, 164

_Liopicus mahrattensis_, 279

_Liquidambar styraciflua_, 155

_Lissoblatta fulgida_, 13, 157

Litopeltis biolleyi, 11, 54, 145
_bispinosa_, 11, 54, 58, 145, 148
_deianira_, 11, 54
_musarum_, 11, 54, 148
spp., 334

Lizards, 272-276, 353-354

_Lobogynioides_, 217

_Lobolampra subaptera_, 11, 55

_Loboptera decipiens_, 11, 55, 100, 299, 326, 350
_dimidiatipes_, 11
_extranea_, 11
_sakalava_, 11
sp., 299
_thaxteri_, 11, 55

_Lobopterella dimidiatipes_, 11, 55, 299, 338

_Locustacarus_ sp., 219

_Lophoblatta arawaka_, 11, 55, 142

_Lophocerus birostris_, 279

Lophomonadidae, 172

_Lophomonas_, 101
_blattarum_, 101, 168, 172-173
_striata_, 101, 119, 168, 173
_sulcata_, 173

_Loris tardigradus_, 284

Lorisidae, 284

_Lycolaimus_, 192

_Lycosa avida_, 216
_helluo_, 216, 347
sp., 216; =pl. 30=

Lycosidae, 216

Lygaeidae, 226

_Lymantria monacha_, 121

_Macaca cyclopis_, 179
_mulatta_, 286
_rhesus_, 286
_sylvanus_, 286

Macaque, 286

_Macropanesthia rhinocerus_, 11, 55, 344

_Macrospironympha_, 102
_xylopletha_, 172

_Macrotermes barneyi_, 311
_bellicosus_, 311
_malaccensis_, 311
_natalensis_, 311

Maize, 55, 64, 142

_Malleomyces mallei_, 119

Malojillo, 31, 48, 141

Malpighian tubules, parasites in, 177, 185, 186

Malvaceae, 158

_Mamestra oleracea_, 120

Mammalia, 283, 354

Mammals, 3, 283

_Mangifera indica_, 157

Mangoes, 45, 157, 164

Mangrove, 36, 42, 53, 66

Mantidae, 224

Mantis, Carolina, 225
Chinese, 226
European, 225

_Mantis religiosa_, 225

Maple, 61-63

_Marava arachidis_, 339

_Mareta acutiventris_, 11, 317

_Maretina uahuka_, 11, 142, 155

_Margattea sp._, 317

Marsupialia, 283

Mastigophora, 166

_Mastigoproctus giganteus_, 211
sp., 211

Maze, 335

Mediterranean fruitfly, 252

Megachilidae, 314

_Megalixalus fornasinii_, 271

_Megaloblatta blaberoides_, 11, 55
_rufipes_, 11

_Megalopyge krugii_, 35, 317

_Megamareta verticalis_, 11, 56, 141

_Megaselia_ sp., 227

_Melanerpes portoricensis_, 280

_Melanosilpha capensis_, 11, 299

Meleagrididae, 278

_Meleagris gallopavo_, 278

_Meles_ sp., 289

_Melipona nigra_, 314

_Melittobia chalybii_, 248

_Memnoniella echinata_, 132

_Mermis_, 192, 202

Mermithidae, 192

Mermithids, undetermined, 192; =pl. 29=

Mermithoidea, 192

Mesquite, 37, 58, 156

_Mestocharomyia oophaga_, 248

_Metallyticus semiaeneus_, 225

_Metarrhizium anisopliae_, 131

_Metrosideros collina_, 160

_Methana canae_, 11, 56, 326
_curvigera_, 11, 56, 155, 326
_marginalis_, 11, 56, 79, 326

Methionine, 101

Micrococcaceae, 106

_Micrococcus aurantiacus_, 106
_citreus_, 106
_epidermidis_, 106
_nigrofaciens_, 106
_pyogenes_ var. _albus_, 106-107
_pyogenes_ var. _aureus_, 107
spp., 107, 108
_ureae_, 107

Microhabitats, 16-17, 25-26, 30-31, 33-35, 70-74

Microsporidia, 185

_Microtetrameres helix_, 206

_Midas rosalia_, 285

Mimicry, 6, 347-348

Mimosa, 57

Mines, 16, 19-21, 23

_Miroblatta silphoides_, 10

_Mirotermes_, 102

Mites, 2, 3, 211, 216-222, 318, 320
cheese, 222
cockroach, 219, 221
control, 222
mushroom, 218
unidentified, 220

Molossidae, 283

_Molossus_ sp., 283

_Moluchia (?) dahli_, 11, 56

Monadidae, 167

_Monas_ sp., 167

_Monastria biguttata_, 11, 344
sp., 299

Mongoose, 289, 354

Monilaceae, 130

Moniliales, 129

Moniliformidae, 203

_Moniliformis dubius_, 203, 270, 271, 276
_kalahariensis_, 203
_moniliformis_, 191, 204

Monkey, 4, 284-286, 343
Canal Zone night, 284
Darien black spider, 284
white-faced, 284

_Monocercomonas orthopterorum_, 169

_Monocercomonoides_, 102
_globus_, 169
_melolonthae_, 168, 169
_orthopterorum_, 169-170
_panesthiae_, 170

_Monodelphis_ sp., 283

_Mononychoblatta_, 26

Moraceae, 153

Mosquitoes, 322

Moss, 46, 47, 56, 64
Spanish, 54, 144

"Mouche bleue, La," 260

Mouse, 103-104
sand, 24
white-footed, 24, 205

_Mucor guilliermondii_, 132
sp., 132

Mucoraceae, 132

Mucorales, 132

Muridae, 287

Murorinae, 129

_Mus decumanus_, 287
_musculus_, 287

_Musa_ (see banana)

Musaceae, 146

Muscidae, 229

Mustelidae, 289