Chapter XXVII: Introduction (26)

Labyrinth, 13, 113
Lacrymal, 11
_Lagopus_, 199, 200, 202, 204;
fossil, 241;
_L. albus_, 238 f.;
_L. hemileucurus_, 240;
_L. hyperboreus_, 240;
_L. leucurus_, 240;
_L. mutus_, 240;
_L. rupestris_, 240;
_L. scoticus_, 238 f., 239
_Lalage_, 525, 526
Lamellae, of bill, 12;
on bill of _Anastomus_, 95;
on bill of Anatidae, 111 f.;
on bill of Flamingoes, 105;
on bill of Petrels, 60
Lamenting Bird, 257
Laminiplantar, 468, 496
Lämmergeier, 146, 147, 150, 150, 151;
habits, 151
_Lampornis_, 430, 433; {611}
_L. violicauda_, 433
_Lampribis olivacea_, 101
_Lamprocolius_, 560
_Lamprolia_, 513
_Lampropsar_, 580
_Lamprospiza_, 575
_Lamprotes_, 575
_Lamprothorax_, 548
_Lamprotornis_, 559-561;
_L. caudatus_, 559
Lanceolate, 21
Land-Rail–see Rail, Land-
_Laniarius_, 532, 533;
_L. rubiginosus_, 533
_Laniellus_, 532, 534
Laniidae, 506, 525, 527, 531 f., 567 n.
Laniinae, 534; habits, 535
_Lanio_, 575
_Lanioturdus_, 508, 509
_Lanius_, 532, 534;
fossil, 496;
_L. borealis_, 534;
_L. collurio_, 534;
_L. excubitor_, 534, 534;
_L. ludovicianus_, 534;
_L. minor_, 534;
_L. pomeranus_, 534
_Lanivireo_, 536
Lanner, 179
_Laopteryx_, fossil, 25 n.
Lapwing, Cayenne, 302;
Spur-winged, 276;
Wattled, 274 f.
Lari, 268
Laridae, 59, 268, 300 f.;
young, 304
Larinae, 300, 305;
habits, 302 f.
Lark, 496 f.;
habits, 498;
moult, 5;
Crested, 497;
Meadow-, 580;
Shore-, 496;
Short-toed, 497;
Sky-, 496, 497, 497, 498;
White-winged, 497; Wood-, 496
Laro-Limicoline, 268
_Larus_, 301, 306;
fossil, 315;
_L. affinis_, 307;
_L. argentatus_, 306;
_L. atricilla_, 309;
_L. audouini_, 307;
_L. belcheri_, 308;
_L. brachyrhynchus_, 307;
_L. brunneicephalus_, 308;
_L. bulleri_, 308;
_L. cachinnans_, 307;
_L. californicus_, 307;
_L. canus_, 305, 307;
_L. cirrocephalus_, 308;
_L. crassirostris_, 308;
_L. delawarensis_, 307;
_L. dominicanus_, 307;
_L. franklini_, 304, 309;
_L. fuliginosus_, 308;
_L. fuscus_, 307;
_L. gelastes_, 308;
_L. glaucescens_, 306;
_L. glaucodes_, 308;
_L. glaucus_, 306, 307;
_L. hartlaubi_, 308;
_L. heermani_, 308;
_L. hemprichi_, 308;
_L. ichthyaëtus_, 309, 309;
_L. kumlieni_, 306;
_L. leucophthalmus_, 308;
_L. leucopterus_, 306;
_L. maculipennis_, 302, 308;
_L. marinus_, 307;
_L. melanocephalus_, 309;
_L. minutus_, 303, 309 f.;
_L. modestus_, 308;
_L. nelsoni_, 306;
_L. novae hollandiae_, 308;
_L. occidentalis_, 307;
_L. philadelphia_, 309;
_L. ridibundus_, 308;
_L. saundersi_, 309;
_L. schistisagus_, 307;
_L. scopulinus_, 302, 308;
_L. serranus_, 309;
_L. vegae_, 307
_Larvivora_, 516
Larynx, 13
_Lathria streptophora_, 480
_Laticilla_, 514
Laughing Jackass, 384, 386
_Laurillardia_, fossil, 496
_Lawrencia_, 474
Layard, on Honey-guide, 452 n.;
on _Mycteria_, 96 n.;
on Phaëthon, 73 n.;
on _Rhinochetus_, 265 n.
Leather-head, 568
Legs, 9
Leguat, on Solitaire, 330
_Leistes_, 580
Leiotrichidae, 495
Lek, of Capercaillie, 237
_Lepidogrammus_, 352
_Leptasthenura_, 486
_Lepterodius gularis_, 91
_Leptodon_, 146;
_L. cayennensis_, 173
_Leptopoecile_, 514
_Leptopterus_, 532
_Leptoptila_, 326, 335, 336;
_L. jamaicensis_, 336;
_L. rufinucha_, 336
_Leptoptilus_, 95, 96;
fossil, 99;
_L. crumenifer_, 98;
_L. dubius_, 97;
_L. javanicus_, 98
_Leptornis_, 565
_Leptosoma_, toes, 10;
_L. discolor_, 378, 379
Leptosomatinae, 376, 378;
habits, 379
_Lerwa_, 199;
_L. nivicola_, 230
_Lesbia_, 427, 434;
_L. victoriae_, 434
Lestrange, on Dodo, 330
_Leucopeza_, 573
_Leucophaeus_, 301;
_L. scoresbii_, 306
_Leucopternis_, 167;
_L. ghiesbreghti_, 167;
_L. plumbea_, 167;
_L. princeps_, 167;
_L. schistacea_, 167
_Leucosarcia_, 328;
_L. picata_, 335
_Leucosticte_, 586
L'Herminier, classification, 14
_Lichenops_, 474, 477
_Licmetis_, 364;
_L. nasica_, 364
_Ligurinus chloris_, 584
Lilford, on Francolin, 226 n.
_Limicola platyrhyncha_, 282
Limicolae, 260, 268 f., 322;
bill, 11;
habits, 271 f.
Limicoline Birds, 243
_Limnaëtus_, 160;
_L. alboniger_, 160;
_L. caligatus_, 160;
_L. cirratus_, 160;
_L. gurneyi_, 160;
_L. isidori_, 160;
_L. kieneri_, 160;
_L. lanceolatus_, 160, 172;
_L. nipalensis_, 160;
_L. philippensis_, 160
_Limnatornis_, fossil, 397
_Limnocorax_, 246;
_L. niger_, 249
_Limnocryptes gallinula_, 292
_Limnogeranus_, 254, 256
_Limnophyes_, 484, 487
_Limnornis_, 484, 487
_Limonidromus_, 500
_Limosa_, 286 f.; {612}
fossil, 300;
_L. belgica_, 286 f.;
_L. fedoa_, 287;
_L. hudsonica_, 287;
_L. lapponica_, 287;
_L. melanuroïdes_, 286;
_L. uropygialis_, 287
Limpkin, 243, 256;
habits, 257
Lines of Flight, vi, 18
Linnet, 584-587;
Brown, 585;
Grey, 585;
Red, 585
_Linota cannabina_, 584
_Lioptila_, 504
_Lioptilus_, 506
_Liosceles_, 490
_Liothrix_, 495, 502;
_L. lutea_, 503
Liotriches, 502
Lipauginae, 479 f.
_Lipaugus_, 479, 482
_Lipoa_, 190 f., 194;
_L. ocellata_, 193
_Lissotis_, 260, 262
_Lithophaps ulnaris_, fossil, 350
_Lithornis vulturinus_, fossil, 181
Little Cock, 491
Lloyd, on Capercaillie, 237 n.
Lobed bill, 12
_Lobiophasis_, 199-201;
_L. bulweri_, 214
_Lobipes hyperboreus_, 278 f.
_Lobipluvia_, 275
_Lobivanellus_, 268-270, 274 f.;
_L. albiceps_, 275;
_L. cinereus_, 274;
_L. cucullatus_, 275;
_L. indicus_, 274;
_L. lateralis_, 275;
_L. lobatus_, 275;
_L. malabaricus_, 275;
_L. melanocephalus_, 274 f.;
_L. miles_, 275;
_L. pectoralis_, 274;
_L. senegalensis_, 275;
_L. superciliosus_, 275;
_L. tectus_, 275
_Loboparadisea sericea_, 549
_Lobornis_, 570
_Lobotus_, 526
_Lochmias_, 484;
_L. nematura_, 485
_Locustella_, 514, 517;
_L. luscinioïdes_, 518
_Loddigesia_, 426, 427, 430;
_L. mirabilis_, 437;
its flight, 437
Log-cock, 463
_Lophoaëtus_, 147, 160;
_L. occipitalis_, 160
_Lophoceros_, 390;
_L. nasutus_, 393
_Lophodytes cucullatus_, 115 f.
_Lophogyps_, 143;
_L. occipitalis_, 144
_Lophoictinia_, 146, 147;
_L. isura_, 170
_Lopholaemus_, 326;
_L. antarcticus_, 345
_Lophophaps_, 326, 327;
_L. ferruginea_, 337;
_L. leucogaster_, 337;
_L. plumifera_, 337
_Lophophorus_, 198-200, 203, 215;
_L. impeyanus_, 216;
_L. l'huysi_, 216;
_L. refulgens_, 216;
_L. sclateri_, 200, 216
_Lophopsittacus mauritianus_, fossil, 375
_Lophorhina_, 550;
_L. superba_, 548
_Lophornis_, 439;
_L. ornatus_, 439
_Lophortyx_, 200;
_L. californicus_, 231, 233
_Lophospingus_, 584
_Lophotibis cristata_, 101
_Lophotis_, 262
_Lophotriccus_, 474
_Lophotriorchis_, 160;
_L. kieneri_, 160
_Lophura_, 199, 200, 214 f.;
_L. diardi_, 215;
_L. ignita_, 215;
_L. nobilis_, 215;
_L. praelata_, 215;
_L. vieilloti_, 215
Lore, 20, 21
_Loria loriae_, 549
_Loriculus_, 362, 364, 365;
_L. vernalis_, 368
Loriinae, 362-364, 373
Lorikeet, 364
_Lorius_, 364, 373 f.;
_L. lory_, 374
Loro, 370
Lory, 351, 364, 365;
of South Africa, 361;
King-, 364;
Red, 374;
Swainson's, 373
Love-bird, 364, 368, 370
_Loxia_, 583;
fossil, 496;
_L. curvirostra_, 584
_Loxioïdes_, 562
_Loxops_, 562, 563;
_L. aurea_, 564
Luggur, 179
_Lullula_, 498;
_L. arborea_, 496
_Lunda cirrhata_, 317
_Lycocorax_, 543-545, 550;
_L. pyrrhopterus_, 548
Lydekker, on _Actiornis anglicus_, 86;
on _Colymboïdes_, 50;
on _Diomedea anglica_, 69;
on _Gyps melitensis_, 145 n.;
on _Odontornithes_, 45 f.;
on _Pseudapteryx_, 40;
on "Stereornithes," 44
_Lyncornis_, 416
Lyre-bird, 491 f., 492;
habits, 493
Lyrie, 68
_Lyrurus_, 199, 200, 202;
_L. mlokosiewiczi_, 238;
_L. tetrix_, 201, 237 f.;
hybrids, 238

Macaw, 351, 364-366;
Blue-and-yellow, 371;
Green-and-blue, 371;
Hyacinthine, 371;
Red-and-blue, 371;
Red-and-green, 371
Maccaroni Penguins, 57 f.
_Macgregoria pulchra_, 546
_Machaeropterus_, 478;
_M. regulus_, 478
_Machaerorhamphus alcinus_, 172;
_M. anderssoni_, 172;
_M. revoili_, 172
_Machaerorhynchus_, 506
_Machetes_, 270;
polygamous, 271;
_M. pugnax_, 285
_Machetornis_, 474, 475, 477
_Macrochires_, of Nitzsch, 420
_Macrocorax_, 552, 556
_Macrodipteryx_, 418;
_M. macrodipterus_, 418;
_M. vexillarius_, 418
_Macronus_, 502
_Macronyx_, 499, 500;
_M. ameliae_, 500;
_M. crocea_, 500
_Macropsalis_, 418
Macropteryginae, 420, 422
_Macropteryx_, 420, 422;
_M. comata_, 422;
_M. coronata_, 422;
_M. longipennis_, 422;
_M. mystacea_, 422;
_M. wallacii_, 422
_Macropygia_, 326, 343; {613}
_M. doreya_, 343;
_M. leptogrammica_, 343;
_M. phasianella_, 343;
_M. rufa_, 343;
_M. rufo-castanea_, 343;
_M. tenuirostris_, 343;
_M. tusalia_, 343
_Macrorhamphus griseus_, 289;
_M. scolopaceus_, 289;
_M. taczanowskii_, 289
_Macruropsar_, 559, 561
Madagascar, a region or sub-region, 17
Magellan, brings Bird of Paradise, 543
Magpie, 355, 552-556, 554
Magpie-lark, 535
_Majaqueus aequinoctialis_, 67;
_M. parkinsoni_, 67
Malaconotinae, 531 f.;
habits, 533 f.
_Malacoptila_, 447
_Malacorhynchus_, 111;
_M. membranaceus_, 124
Male, incubates, in Limicolae, 271, 278, 287;
in Ratitae, 29, 32, 36, 38, 41–see also Female
Maleo, 192
Mallard–see Duck
Mallee hen, 193
Malpighian layer, 2 n.
_Malurus_, 507-509
Mamo, 563, 564
Man-of-war bird, 81
Manakin, 477 f., 478;
habits, 479
Manchots, 55
Mandible, 11, 20
Mango, South American, 433
Mango-bird, 542
_Manorhina_, 564;
_M. melanophrys_, 567 n.
Mantle, 21
Manu-meà, 331, 332
Manuals, 21 f.
_Manucodia_, 543-545, 550, 551;
_M. atra_, 548;
_M. chalybeata_, 548;
_M. comrii_, 548
Manukdewata, 543
Manus, its quills, 22;
in _Archaeopteryx_, 25
Marabou feathers, 96
_Mareca americana_, 126;
_M. penelope_, 126;
_M. sibilatrix_, 127
_Margaroperdix madagascariensis_, 223
_Margarornis_, 484
_Marmaronetta_, 111;
_M. angustirostris_, 123
Marsh, restoration of _Hesperornis_, 46;
head of _Ichthyornis_, 48;
on _Laopteryx_, 25 n.;
on Odontornithes, 45, 49 n.
Martin, 522-525;
Sand-, 524, 525
Martineta, 185
Mascarene Islands, 17
_Masius_, 477, 478
Matthews, discovery of _Loddigesia_, 437
Mavis, 515
Maxilla, 11, 11, 20
Maxillopalatine process, 11
May-bird, 289
Maynard, on flamingo, 107
_Megacephalon_, 190 f., 194;
_M. maleo_, 192
_Megacrex_, 243, 244;
_M. inepta_, 248
_Megalaema_, 450
_Megalapteryx_, 42
_Megalestris antarctica_, 305;
_M. catarrhactes_, 304;
_M. chilensis_, 305;
_M. maccormicki_, 305
_Megaloprepia_, 326, 327, 346;
_M. formosa_, 346;
_M. magnifica_, 346
Megapodes, 190-194
Megapodiidae, 186, 190 f., 194;
habits, 191
_Megapodius_, 190 f., 194;
_M. bernsteini_, 194;
_M. cumingi_, 194;
_M. duperreyi_, 194;
_M. eremita_, 194;
_M. forsteni_, 194;
_M. freycineti_, 194;
_M. geelvinkianus_, 194;
_M. laperousii_, 194;
_M. layardi_, 194;
_M. macgillivrayi_, 194;
_M. nicobariensis_, 194;
_M. pritchardi_, 194;
_M. sanghirensis_, 194;
_M. tenimberensis_, 194;
_M. tumulus_, 194;
_M. wallacii_, 194
_Megarhynchus_, 473;
_M. pitangua_, 474
_Megatriorchis doriae_, 159
Megistanes, 26, 32 f., 38
_Melanerpes_, 461;
_M. candidus_, 461;
_M. flavifrons_, 461;
_M. formicivorus_, 458, 461
Melanism, 4 n.
_Melanobucco_, 449
_Melanocharis unicolor_, 570
_Melanocorypha_, 497;
_M. calandra_, 498;
_M. sibirica_, 497;
_M. yeltoniensis_, 497
_Melanoperdix_, 199, 200;
_M. nigra_, 221
_Melanophoyx ardesiaca_, 91
_Melanoptila_, 514, 515, 519
_Melanopyrrhus_, 561;
_M. orientalis_, 560
_Melanorhectes_, 532
_Melanotis_, 519
Meleagrinae, 198, 204, 206;
habits, 206
_Meleagris_, 199, 201, 202;
fossil, 241;
_M. gallipavo_, 206, 206 n.;
_M. ocellata_, 200, 206
_Melidectes_, 565, 566
_Melidora_, 383
_Melierax_, 148, 156;
_M. canorus_, 156
_Meliornis_, 565, 567
_Meliphaga_, 565, 566;
_M. phrygia_, 566
Meliphagidae, 543 n., 564 f.;
habits, 566 f.
Meliphaginae, 564 f.
_Melirrhophetes_, 566
_Melithreptes_, 564, 565
_Melitograis_, 565
_Melittophagus_, 387-389;
_M. gularis_, 390
_Mellisuga minima_, 431, 432, 438
_Melopelia leucoptera_, 342;
_M. meloda_, 342
_Melophus_, 583
_Melopsittacus_, 364, 365;
_M. undulatus_, 367
_Melopyrrha_, 583
_Melospiza_, 586 {614}
Melville–see Strickland
Membrane on bill, in _Malacorhynchus_, 111;
in _Hymenolaemus_, 111, 116;
in _Biziura_, 111, 117;
of toes, 10
_Menura_, 491 f.;
_M. alberti_, 492, 493;
_M. superba_, 491 f., 492, 493;
_M. victoriae_, 492, 493
Menuridae, 491 f.;
habits, 493
Mercerat–see Moreno
_Merganetta_, 112, 113;
_M. armata_, 116;
_M. columbiana_, 116;
_M. frenata_, 116;
_M. garleppi_, 116;
_M. leucogenys_, 116;
_M. turneri_, 116
Merganettinae, 111, 112, 116;
habits, 116, 117
Merganser, 114;
hooded, 115, 116;
red-breasted, 115, 116
Merginae, 111-116;
habits, 116
_Mergulus_, 315;
_M. alle_, 321
_Mergus_, 111;
_M. albellus_, 115;
_M. americanus_, 115;
_M. australis_, 115;
_M. brasilianus_, 115;
_M. comatus_, 115;
_M. merganser_, 113, 115;
_M. serrator_, 113, 115, 116
Merlin, 147, 177
Meropidae, 376, 387 f.
_Meropogon_, 387-389;
_M. forsteri_, 389
_Merops_, 387, 388;
_M. apiaster_, 388, 389, 389;
_M. natalensis_, 389;
_M. nubicus_, 388, 389;
_M. ornatus_, 387;
_M. philippinus_, 388, 389;
_M. superciliosus_, 388;
_M. viridis_, 389
Merrem, on classification, 14
Merry-thought, 8
_Merulaxis_, 490
_Mesembriornis_, 44
Mesitae, 186 f.
_Mesites_, 186 f.;
_M. unicolor_, 187;
_M. variegatus_, 187
Mesitidae, 186 f.
_Mesobucco_, 450
Mesomyodi, 467
_Mesopicus goertan_, 462
_Mesopteryx_, 42
_Metabolus_, 507
Metacarpals, 8
Metacarpus, 1, 8
_Metallura_, 434
_Metapteryx bifrons_, 40
Metatarsal bones, 10;
in penguins, 55
Metatarsus, 9, 20
_Metopia_, 478
_Metopiana peposaca_, 113, 123
_Metopidius_, 269, 298;
_M. africanus_, 298;
_M. albinucha_, 298;
_M. indicus_, 298-300
_Metopothrix_, 477, 478
_Metriopelia aymara_, 339;
_M. melanoptera_, 339
Mexican star, 438
Mexico, to which region does it belong? 16
Meyer, A. B., on _Cacomantis_, 355;
on Celebes cuckoos, 356 n., 357 n.;
on hybrid grouse, 237 n.;
on _Notornis_, 250 n.
Meyer, H. v., on _Archaeopteryx_, 23
_Micranous hawaiiensis_, 311;
_M. leucocapillus_, 311;
_M. tenuirostris_, 311
_Micrastur_, 156
_Micrathene_, 400;
_M. whitneyi_, 400, 407
_Microcerculus_, 521, 522
_Microchera_, 433
_Microcorax_, 552;
_M. leucognaphalus_, 553
_Microeca_, 509
_Microglossus_, 364;
_M. aterrimus_, 373
_Microhierax_, 147;
_M. erythrogenys_, 174;
_M. eutolmus_, 174;
_M. fringillarius_, 173 f.;
_M. latifrons_, 174;
_M. melanoleucus_, 174;
_M. sinensis_, 174
_Micromonacha lanceolata_, 447
_Micropalama himantopus_, 286
_Microparra capensis_, 298, 300
_Microperdix_, 200, 223;
_M. blewitti_, 223;
_M. erythrorhyncha_, 223;
_M. manipurensis_, 223
_Micropus_, 504;
_M. melanoleucus_, 505
_Microsittace ferruginea_, 365
Migration, 17;
causes, directions, mode, 18 f.;
in southern hemisphere 19;
Committee's reports, 19 n.
Millais, on hybrid grouse, 237 n.
Milne-Edwards, on _Aegialornis_, 315 n., 426;
on _Mesites_, 186 n.;
on Palaelodidae, 108 n.;
on Strigidae, 398 n.;
and Grandidier, on _Aepyornis_, 43 n.;
and Oustalet, on _Dromaeus ater_, 38 n.
_Milnea_, fossil, 300
_Milvago_, 147, 148, 152;
_M. chimachima_, 152;
_M. chimango_, 152
_Milvulus_, 473, 475
_Milvus_, 146, 170;
fossil, 181;
_M. aegyptius_, 170;
_M. affinis_, 170;
_M. govinda_, 170;
_M. ictinus_, 168 f., 169;
_M. melanotis_, 170;
_M. migrans_, 170
_Mimeta_, mimicry, 543 n., 568
Mimicry–see _Buchanga_, _Mimeta_, _Philemon_, _Surniculus_, _Tylas_,
_Xenopirostris_
Mimidae, 495
Miminae, 509, 514, 515;
habits, 518
_Mimus_, 515, 519;
_M. modulator_, 519;
_M. polyglottus_, 518 f.;
_M. trifasciatus_, 515;
_M. triurus_, 519
_Mino_, 561
_Mirafra_, 496-498;
_M. apiata_, 498;
_M. hova_, 496;
_M. javanica_, 496
_Miro_, 512 n., 515, 518
_Mitrephanes_, 474
_Mitua_, 195;
_M. mitu_, 196;
_M. salvini_, 197;
_M. tomentosa_, 197
_Mniotilta_, 573, 574;
_M. varia_, 574
Mniotiltidae, 494, 573 f.;
habits, 574
Moa, 26, 41; breast-bone, 7;
structure, etc., 42
Möbius, on geographical distribution, 16 {615}
Mocking bird, 509, 514;
habits, 518 f.
Moho, 244, 250
Mollymauk, 64, 65
_Molobrus_, 579, 582;
_M. badius_, 582;
_M. rufo-axillaris_, 582
_Molybdophanes caerulescens_, 101
Momotidae, 376, 379 f.
Momotinae, 379 f.;
habits, 380
_Momotus brasiliensis_, 381, 381
_Monacha_, 447 f.
Monal, 215
Monk, 568
_Monticola_, 510;
_M. cyanus_, 510;
_M. saxatilis_, 510
_Montifringilla_, 586;
_M. nivalis_, 586
Moor-Buzzard, 155
Moor-hen (= Water-Hen), 244-246, 249
Mooruk, 36
More-pork, 409 n., 417
Moreno and Mercerat, on fossil Cathartidae, 140 n.;
on fossil Penguins, 59;
on "Stereornithes," 44
_Morphnus_, 147;
_M. guianensis_, 159;
_M. taeniatus_, 159
Moseley, on Penguins, 57 n.
Mosenthal and Harting, on ostrich farming, 30
_Motacilla_, fossil, 496;
_M. alba_, 500;
_M. flava_, 500;
_M. lugubris_, 500;
_M. melanope_, 500;
_M. raii_, 499, 500;
_M. vidua_, 500
Motacillidae, 494, 498 f.
Motacillinae, 498 f.;
habits, 500 f.
Mother Carey's Chicken, 67
Motmot, 376, 379 f., 381;
habits, 380
Moult, 4 f.
Mound-builders, 186, 190
Mounds of Megapodes, 191 f.
Mountain-Cock, 244;
-Witch, 336
Mouse-bird, 439
Muirfowl, 238
Mules, 203
Müller, Johannes, on classification, 14;
on classification by song-muscles, 466
_Mullerornis_, 43
Mulsant, on humming-birds, 432
_Munia_, 579;
_M. oryzivora_, 577;
_M. punctulata_, 577
Murdoch, on _Tringa maculata_, 281 n.
Murie, on classification, 14;
on emeus, 37 n.;
on hornbill, 392 n.;
on _Rhinochetus_, 263 n.
Murmures, 426
Murre, 319
_Muscicapa atricapilla_, 507, 509;
_M. grisola_, 507;
_M. parva_, 507
Muscicapidae, 494, 506 f., 525, 531;
habits, 508
_Muscipipra_, 473
_Muscisaxicola_, 475, 477;
_M. macloviana_, 475
_Muscivora_, 473, 474;
_M. mexicana_, 477;
_M. regia_, 474
_Musophaga_, 359;
_M. violacea_, 360, 361
Musophagidae, 351, 359. f., 439;
habits, 360 f.;
toes, 10;
the pigments turacoverdin and turacin in, 3 n., 360
Mussel-picker, 276
Mutton-bird, 63
_Mycteria_, 95, 97;
_M. americana_, 98;
_M. australis_, 98;
_M. indica_, 96, 98;
_M. senegalensis_, 96, 98
_Myiagra_, 506
_Myiarchus_, 474, 475, 477;
_M. crinitus_, 476
_Myiobius_, 474
_Myiodectes_, 513, 518
Myiodectinae, 509, 513, 515
_Myiodioctes_, 573-575
_Myiomoira_, 514, 515, 518
_Myiophoneus_, 502, 503
_Myiopsittacus monachus_, 365, 370
_Myiotheretes_, 475, 476
Myna, 560, 562
_Myristicivora_, 327, 345;
_M. bicolor_, 328, 345;
_M. luctuosa_, 345;
_M. melanura_, 345;
_M. spilorrhoa_, 345;
_M. subflavescens_, 345
_Myrmeciza_, 488
_Myrmecocichla_, 510, 511
_Myrmotherula pygmaea_, 489
Myrtle-sucker, 426
_Mystacornis_, 503
_Myzomela sanguinolenta_, 565
Myzomelinae, 564 f.

_Naenia_, 301, 304;
_N. inca_, 311
Nail, on beak of Anseres, 11
Nandu, 26, 30 f., 31
_Nanodes_, 363
Nape, 20
Nasal, 11
_Nasica_, 484
_Nasiterna_, 362, 365;
_N. pygmaea_, 364, 371 f.
Native-Companion, 254;
-Hen, 249
_Nauclerus_, 146;
_N. riocouri_, 171
Nauseous bird, 329
Nearctic Region, 15 f.;
its contents, 16
Neck of rib, 6
_Necrastur alacer_, fossil, 181
_Necrobyas harpax_, fossil, 414;
_N. rossignoli_, fossil, 414
_Necropsar_, 559, 561
_Necropsittacus rodericanus_, fossil, 375
_Necrornis_, fossil, 361
_Nectarinia_, 569
Nectariniidae, 427, 568 f.;
habits, 569 f.
Nelly, 65
Nelson, on _Tringa maculata_, 281 n.
_Nemura_, 516
_Neochloe_, 536
_Neochmia phaëton_, 578
_Neocorys_, 499, 500 {616}
_Neoctantes_, 488
_Neodrepanis_, 569
Neogaea, 15
_Neolestes_, 531, 533
Neomorphinae, 351, 357
_Neophema_, 364, 367;
_N. petrophila_, 367;
_N. pulchella_, 367
_Neophron_, 143, 145, 151;
_N. ginginianus_, 145;
_N. percnopterus_, 145;
_N. pileatus_, 145
_Neopsittacus_, 373
_Neopus_, 160;
_N. malayensis_, 161
_Neornis_, 514
Neornithes, 25 f.;
a Sub-Class, 23;
N. Carinatae, 25, 48;
N. Odontolcae, 25, 45 f.;
N. Ratitae, 25
_Neotis_, 260, 262;
_N. denhami_, 261
Neotropical Region, 15 f.;
its contents, 16
Nerves of bill, in Snipe, 290 n.
_Nesochen sandvicensis_, 131
_Nesocichla_, 510, 515
_Nesoenas mayeri_, 343
_Nesolimnas_, 244;
_N. dieffenbachi_, 247
_Nesonetta_, 111, 113;
_N. aucklandica_, 125
_Nesopelia_, 342
_Nesospiza_, 583
Nestlings, condition of, 21 f.
Nestor, Mountain, 375
_Nestor_, 362, 364, 374;
_N. esslingi_, 374;
_N. meridionalis_, 374;
_N. norfolcensis_, 366, 374;
_N. notabilis_, 364 f., 374, 375;
_N. productus_, 366, 374
Nestorinae, 362 f., 374;
habits, 374
_Netta rufina_, 123
_Nettion albigulare_, 126;
_N. andium_, 126;
_N. bernieri_, 126;
_N. brasiliense_, 126;
_N. capense_, 126;
_N. carolinense_, 126;
_N. castaneum_, 126;
_N. crecca_, 125 f.;
_N. flavirostre_, 126;
_N. formosum_, 126;
_N. georgicum_, 126;
_N. gibberifrons_, 126;
_N. punctatum_, 126;
_N. torquatum_, 126
_Nettopus_, 112;
_N. albipennis_, 134;
_N. auritus_, 134;
_N. coromandelianus_, 134;
_N. pulchellus_, 133 f.
Newton, A., on Anatidae, 136;
on Bird of Paradise, 543 n.;
on classification of Passeres, 467;
on Dodo, 329 n.;
on _Eurypyga_, 266;
on _Fregata_, 72;
on geographical distribution, 16 f.;
on Great Auk and its literature, 321 n.;
on habits of Shoveller, 124 n.;
on _Hierofalco_, 180 n.;
on Humming-birds, 426 n.;
on mimicry, 543 n.;
on mode of progression of young Grebes, 54 n.;
on Oscines, 495;
on Secretary-bird, 142 n.;
on Solitaire, 331 n.;
on Strigidae, 398 n.;
on _Syrrhaptes_ (chick), 325;
on trachea of Swans, 112 n.;
on Turkey, 206 n.;
on Widow-bird, 577 n.
Newton, E., on _Phaëthon_, 73 n.;
on Solitaire, 331
Newton, A. and E., on _Eulampis holosericeus_, 428
Newton, E., and Gadow, H., on Dodo, 329 n., 330
_Newtonia_, 506
New Zealand Region, 15 f.;
its contents, 16
_Nicator_, 532, 533
Nidicolae, 21
Nidifugae, 22
Night-hawk, 67, 417
Night-heron–see Heron, Night-
Nightingale, 512, 515, 516;
Ceylon-, 506;
Palestine-, 506
Night-jar, 415 f.;
habits, 416 f.;
toes, 10;
Common, 416, 418, 418;
Pennant-winged, 418
_Niltava_, 506, 507, 509
_Ninox_, 399-401, 408;
_N. affinis_, 409;
_N. albaria_, 409;
_N. boobook_, 408;
_N. connivens_, 401, 408;
_N. maculata_, 409;
_N. natalis_, 409;
_N. novae zealandiae_, 409;
_N. obscura_, 409;
_N. scutulata_, 408;
_N. strenua_, 408
_Nipponia_, young, 103;
_N. nippon_, 102
_Nisaëtus_, 160;
_N. bellicosus_, 161;
_N. fasciatus_, 161;
_N. morphnoïdes_, 161;
_N. pennatus_, 161;
_N. spilogaster_, 161
_Nisoïdes moreli_, 157
Nitzsch, on classification, 14;
on Alectorides and Fulicariae, 243;
on powder-down patches in Falconidae, 147;
on Macrochires, 420;
on Odontoglossae, 105;
on Picariae, 376;
Pterylographie, 2
Noble, on Falconry, 146, 178
Noddy, 310–see Tern, Noddy
Nomenclature of external parts, in Falcon, 20
_Nomonyx dominicus_, 118
_Nonnula_, 447;
_N. rubecula_, 447
North, on Emeu's nest, 37 n.;
on _Gypoictinia_, 170 n.
Nostril, 20;
external, 11;
in Petrels, 60;
in _Rhinochetus_, 264
Notched bill, 12
_Nothocercus_, 183, 186
_Nothocrax_, 195;
_N. urumutum_, 196
_Nothoprocta_, 183, 185;
_N. pentlandi_, 185
_Nothura_, 183, 185;
_N. darwini_, 185;
_N. maculosa_, 185
Noto-coracomorphae, 531 n.
_Notodela_, 509, 516
Notogaea, 15
_Notophoyx picata_, 91
_Notornis_, 243, 244, 251;
little keel to sternum, 26;
_N. alba_, 250, 251;
_N. mantelli_, 250
Nucha, 20
_Nucifraga_, 552;
_N. caryocatactes_, 553
_Numenius_, 268, 270, 287 f.;
bill, 12;
fossil, 300;
_N. arquata_, 287 f., 288;
_N. borealis_, 288, 289;
_N. cyanopus_, 288;
_N. hudsonicus_, 289;
_N. longirostris_, 288;
_N. minutus_, 289; {617}
_N. phaeopus_, 288 f.;
_N. tahitiensis_, 270, 289;
_N. tenuirostris_, 288;
_N. variegatus_, 289
_Numida_, 201, 204 f.;
_N. cornuta_, 205;
_N. coronata_, 205;
_N. marungensis_, 205;
_N. melaegris_, 205;
_N. mitrata_, 205;
_N. ptilorhyncha_, 205, 206;
_N. reichenowi_, 205
Numidinae, 198-201, 204;
habits, 205 f.
Nunlet, 447
Nutcracker, 553, 555, 556
Nuthatch, 536 f., 537;
habits, 538
Nutmeg-bird, 577
_Nyctala_, 399, 401;
_N. acadica_, 405;
_N. tengmalmi_, 405
_Nyctea_, 398, 403;
fossil, 415;
_N. scandiaca_, 400, 412
_Nycterodius violaceus_, 90
Nyctibiinae, 415, 416, 418
_Nyctibius_, 415, 417, 418
_Nycticorax_, 87, 88, 90, 265;
young, 94;
_N. caledonicus_, 90;
_N. goisagi_, 90;
_N. griseus_, 90;
_N. leuconotus_, 90;
_N. megacephalus_, fossil, 95;
_N. naevius_, 90;
_N. pauper_, 90;
_N. pileatus_, 90;
_N. sibilatrix_, 90;
_N. violaceus_, 90
_Nyctidromus_, 415, 416
_Nyctiornis_, 387-389;
_N. amictus_, 389
_Nymphicus_, 364, 365;
_N. uvaeensis_, 363
_Nyroca_, habits, 123;
fossil, 136;
_N. africana_, 122, 123;
_N. americana_, 122;
_N. australis_, 122, 123;
_N. baeri_, 122;
_N. brunnea_, 123;
_N. ferina_, 122;
_N. innotata_, 122;
_N. nationi_, 123;
_N. vallisneria_, 122

Oar-feathers, 21
Oates, on Sturinidae, 559
Occiput, 20
_Oceanites_, 60, 62, 65;
_O. oceanicus_, 65
Oceanitinae, 59, 60, 65
_Oceanodroma_, 61, 62, 67 f.;
_O. cryptoleucura_, 68;
_O. furcata_, 68;
_O. hornbyi_, 68;
_O. leucorrhoa_, 68
_Ochromela_, 509
Ocreate metatarsus, 60
Ocreated, 10
_Ocydromus_, 244-247;
_O. australis_, 247;
_O. earli_, 247;
_O. fuscus_, 247;
_O. greyi_, 247;
_O. hectori_, 247;
_O. insignis_, fossil, 251;
_O. sylvestris_, 247
_Ocyphaps_, 326;
_O. lophotes_, 337
Odontoglossae, 105
Odontolcae, 45 f.;
a subdivision of Neornithes, 23 f.
Odontophorinae, 198, 199, 202, 204, 230 f.
_Odontophorus_, 199, 203, 232;
_O. guianensis_, 232
_Odontopteryx toliapica_, fossil, 86
Odontornithes, 2, 45 f.
Odontotormae, 45
_Oedemia_, 111;
habits, 120;
_O. americana_, 119;
_O. carbo_, 120;
_O. deglandi_, 120;
_O. fusca_, 113, 119 f.;
_O. nigra_, 119;
_O. perspicillata_, 113, 120
Oedicnemidae, 268, 269, 297
_Oedicnemus_, 269, 270;
_O. affinis_, 297;
_O. bistriatus_, 297;
_O. capensis_, 297;
_O. dominicensis_, 297 n.;
_O. grallarius_, 297;
_O. scolopax_, 297;
_O. senegalensis_, 297;
_O. superciliaris_, 297;
_O. vermiculatus_, 297
_Oena_, 326, 327;
_O. capensis_, 339
Oesophagus, 12
_Oestrelata_, 66;
_O. brevipes_, 66;
_O. haesitata_, 66
Oil-bird, 419
Oil-glands, 21
Oiseau-mouche, 426
Old Squaw, 121
Oligomyodae, 466
_Oligura_, 502
_Oncostoma_, 473
One-wattled Cassowary, 35
_Onychognathus_, 559
_Onychotes gruberi_, 165
O-o, 564, 567, 568
Open-bill, 97
Operculum of nostrils, 11;
in Caprimulgidae, 415;
in Columbae, 325;
in Plovers, 270;
in Procellariidae, 60;
in _Rhinochetus_, 264
Opisthocoelous, 6
Opisthocomi, 186, 241
Opisthocomidae, 186, 241
_Opisthocomus_, 186, 241;
affinity to Cuculi, 241;
_O. cristatus_, 241, 242
_Opisthodactylus_, 45
_Opisthoprora euryptera_, 437
_Ophrysia superciliosa_, 218
Orange colour in Birds, its nature, 3 n.
Orbit, 20
_Orchesticus_, 575
ὄρχιλος, 426
_Orchilus ecaudatus_, 473
_Oreicola_, 511
_Oreocorys_, 498
_Oreoeca_, 532, 534;
_O. cristata_, 567 n.
_Oreomyza_, 562, 563
_Oreonympha nobilis_, 436
Oreophasinae, 194, 195, 198
_Oreophasis_, 195;
_O. derbianus_, 198
_Oreophilus ruficollis_, 273
_Oreopsittacus_, 363
_Oreortyx pictus_, 230 f.
_Oreoscoptes_, 514, 515, 519
_Oreotrochilus_, 431 f., 436;
_O. chimborazo_, 428;
_O. pichincha_, 428, 430, 436
Organ-bird, 522, 532
Oriental Region, 17
_Origma_, 517, 518
Oriole, 542 f.;
habits, 543;
American, 542, 579;
Baltimore, 580, 581;
Golden, 542, 542
Oriolidae, 542 f.; {618}
habits, 543
_Oriolus ardens_, 542;
_O. cruentus_, 542;
_O. galbula_, 542, 542;
_O. hosii_, 542;
_O. kundoo_, 542;
_O. steerii_, 542;
_O. trailli_, 542;
_O. viridis_, 542, 543
_Ornithion imberbe_, 474, 476
_Ortalis_, 195, 197;
_O. canicollis_, 197;
_O. ruficauda_, 197;
_O. vetula_, 195, 197
_Orthnocnemus_, fossil, 251
_Ortholophus_, 390, 393
_Orthonyx_, 503, 504
_Orthotomus_, 514, 518
_Ortygornis_, 226
_Ortyx_, 202-204;
_O. virginianus_, 231, 232 f.
_Ortyxelus_, 293;
_O. meiffreni_, 187, 295
Oscines, 466, 467, 494;
families of, 495 f.;
structure, 496;
voice-muscles, 13, 491 n.
_Osculatia purpurea_, 336;
_O. sapphirina_, 336
_Osmotreron_, 348;
_O. aromatica_, 349;
_O. olax_, 349;
_O. pompadora_, 349;
_O. vernans_, 348 f.
Osprey, 137, 149, 180 f.;
habits, 181
_Ossifraga_, 60, 61;
fossil, 69;
_O. gigantea_, 65
_Osteornis_, fossil, 496
_Ostinops_, 580
Ostrich, 26, 27 f., 28;
breast-bone, 7;
claws of toes, 10;
farming, 30;
feathers, 30
Otididae, 243, 260 f.;
habits, 262 f.
_Otidiphaps_, 325, 328;
_O. cervicalis_, 335;
_O. insularis_, 335;
_O. nobilis_, 335
_Otis_, 260, 262;
fossil, 263;
_O. tarda_, 261, 261;
_O. tetrax_, 260-262
_Otocompsa_, 504, 505
_Otocorys_, 496-498;
_O. alpestris_, 496 f.;
_O. peregrina_, 496
_Otogyps_, 143;
_O. auricularis_, 144;
_O. calvus_, 144
_Otophanes_, 416
Ourissia, 426
Ousel, Ring-, 510;
Water-, 519
Oustalet–see Milne-Edwards
Oven-bird, 485;
nest, 485
Oviedo, on a Humming-bird, 426
Owen, on _Archaeopteryx_, 23;
on Dinornithidae, 41;
on Dodo, 330
Owl, 175, 179, 180, 397 f.;
clavicles do not always unite, 8, 398;
habits, 400 f.;
toes, 10;
American Screech-, 413;
Barn-, 403;
Brown, 405;
Burrowing, 400, 409 f., 410;
Eagle-, 402, 413 f.;
Grass-, 404;
Hairy, 408;
Hawk-, 401, 408, 411;
Lapp-, 405;
Laughing, 408;
Little, 403, 410 f.;
Long-eared, 402, 406;
Marsh-, 406 f.;
Mottled, 401, 413;
of Pallas Athene, 411;
Pigmy-, 407;
Saw-whet, 405;
Scops, 403, 412 f.;
Screech-, 398-403, 404;
Short-eared, 400, 402, 403, 406;
Snowy, 399-403, 412;
Tawny, 398 n., 405;
Tengmalm's, 405;
White, 403;
Wood-, 401, 402, 405, 406;
Woodcock-, 407
Oxbird, 279
Ox-pecker, 561
_Oxylabes_, 503
_Oxynotus_, 526
_Oxypelia_, 326;
_O. cyanopis_, 340
_Oxypogon guerini_, 436 f.
Oxyrhamphidae, 469, 477
_Oxyrhamphus_, 477
_Oxyurus_, 484
Oyster-catcher, 276, 302;
bill, 11

Paauw, 263 n.
_Pachycephala_, 531, 534;
_P. simplex_, 533
Pachycephalinae, 531 f.
_Pachyornis_, 42;
_P. elephantopus_, 42
_Pachyrhamphus_, 480, 482, 483
_Paeoptera_, 532
_Pagodroma nivea_, 67
_Pagophila_, 301;
_P. eburnea_, 306
Palaearctic region, 15 f.
_Palaeeudyptes antarcticus_, fossil, 59
_Palaegithalus_, fossil, 496
Palaelodidae, 70, 105, 108
_Palaelodus_, 70, 108
_Palaeocercus cuvieri_, fossil, 181
_Palaeociconia_, fossil, 99
_Palaeocorax_, fossil, 496
_Palaeocycnus_, fossil, 136
Palaeogaea, 15
_Palaeogrus_, fossil, 256
_Palaeohierax gervaisi_, fossil, 181
_Palaeolimnas_, fossil, 251
_Palaeopelargus_, fossil, 99
_Palaeoperdix_, fossil, 240
_Palaeornis_, 362-365, 368;
_P. eupatria_, 368;
_P. exsul_, 366;
_P. torquata_, 368
_Palaeortyx_, fossil, 240
_Palaeospheniscus bergii_, fossil, 59;
_P. menzbieri_, fossil, 59;
_P. patagonicus_, fossil, 59
_Palaeospiza_, fossil, 496
_Palaeotetrix_, fossil, 241
_Palaeotringa_, fossil, 300
_Palamedea_, 109;
_P. cornuta_, 110
Palamedeae, 108 f.
Palamedeidae, 108 f.;
habits, 109 f.;
rib, 6;
young, 109
Palatine, 11
_Palmeria_, 562, 564;
_P. dolii_, 563
Pamprodactylous, 10
_Pandion_, 146;
habits, 181;
_P. carolinensis_, 181;
_P. haliaëtus_, 180 f.;
_P. leucocephalus_, 181;
_P. solitarius_, 165
Pandionidae, 137, 180 f.;
young, 180
_Panoplites_, 437 f.
_Panterpe insignis_, 435
Panuridae, 541 f.
_Panurus biarmicus_, 541 f., 541
_Panychlora_, 433
_Panyptila_, 420, 421, 424; {619}
toes, 10;
_P. cayennensis_, 424;
_P. sancti hieronymi_, 424
Papilla of feather, 2
_Parabuteo unicinctus_, 166
_Paradigalla_, 544, 550;
_P. carunculata_, 546
_Paradisea_, 545, 550;
_P. apoda_, 543, 546, 551;
_P. augustae victoriae_, 551;
_P. minor_, 546;
_P. raggiana_, 546, 551;
_P. rubra_, 546;
_P. rudolphi_, 546
Paradise-bird–see Bird of Paradise
Paradise-Pie, 546
Paradiseidae, 543 f., 557 n.;
habits, 550 f.
_Paradisornis_, 545, 546, 550
_Paradoxornis_, 502-504
Parakeet, 351, 364;
Grass-, 364, 367;
Ground-, 364;
Rock-, 367;
Rose-banded, 368;
Roselle, 368;
Rose-ringed, 368;
Uvaean, 363
_Paramythia montium_, 559 n.
_Paraptenodytes antarcticus_, fossil, 59
_Pardalotus_, 570, 571
_Pareudiastes_, 244-246
Paridae, 494, 536, 538;
habits, 540
Parietal, 11
_Parisoma_, 508
Parker, T. J., on _Aepyornis_, 43 n.;
on Apteryges, 38;
on Megistanes, 38;
on Dinornithidae, 42
Parker, W. K., on classification, 14;
on Oscines, 495;
on Picidae, 457;
on _Rhinochetus_, 263 n.
_Paroaria_, 583, 585
_Parotia_, 550;
_P. lawesi_, 551;
_P. sexpennis_, 547 f., 548
_Parra_, 270;
_P. gymnostoma_, 298;
_P. jacana_, 298-300;
dance of, 300;
_P. melanopygia_, 298;
_P. nigra_, 298;
_P. variabilis_, 298
Parridae, 268-71, 297 f.;
habits, 299 f.
Parrot, 351, 361 f., 366;
bill, 12;
cere, 11;
clavicles sometimes absent, 8;
habits, 364 f.;
toes, 10;
voice, 13;
Alexandrine, 368;
Amazon-, 370;
Black, 359;
Grey, 362, 369, 370;
Ground-, 362;
Kaka, 374;
Monk-, 370;
Norfolk Island, 374;
Owl-, 366;
Phillip Island, 374;
Vasa, 369
Parson-bird, 567
Partial migrants, 18
Partridge, 198-200, 202, 203;
habits, 224 f.;
American, 198, 203, 230;
Bamboo-, 218 f.;
Barbary, 228;
Black, 226;
Common, 224, 229;
French, 228;
Greek, 228;
Mountain-, 336;
Red-legged, 203, 228;
hybrids, 224;
(Ruffed Grouse), 233;
Snow-, 230;
Spruce-, 236
_Parus_, 538, 539;
_P. britannicus_, 539;
_P. caeruleus_, 539;
_P. cristatus_, 539;
_P. cyanus_, 539;
_P. flavipectus_, 539;
_P. major_, 539, 539;
_P. niger_, 539;
_P. palustris_, 539;
_P. sultaneus_, 539
_Paryphephorus_, 544, 545
Passaros de sol, 543
_Passer_, 583;
_P. domesticus_, 584, 584;
_P. insularis_, 583;
_P. jagoënsis_, 583;
_P. simplex_, 585
Passeres, voice-muscles, 13;
anisomyodae, 467;
diacromyodae, 467, 491 f.
Passeriformes, 466 f.
_Pastor_, 559, 561;
_P. roseus_, 560
_Patagona_, 430;
_P. gigas_, 430, 432, 437
Patella, 22;
of Grebes, 49
Paul, on Humming-bird's nest, 436
_Pauxis_, 195;
_P. galeata_, 197
_Pavo_, 200, 202, 203;
_P. cristatus_, 200, 206;
_P. muticus_, 207;
_P. nigripennis_, 207
Pavo del Monte, 197
Peacock, 199, 200, 203, 204, 206 f.;
Japanned, 207;
Pheasant, 208
Pea-fowl, 207;
superstition about, 207
Pea-hen, 207
Peale, discovery of _Didunculus_, 331 f.
_Pealea_, 60, 65
Pectineal process of pubis, 9
Pectoral arch, 8
Pectus, 20
_Pedioecetes_, 199, 201;
fossil, 241;
_P. phasianellus_, 234
Pedionomidae, 186, 187, 189
_Pedionomus_, 187;
_P. torquatus_, 189 f., 190
Peewit, 275
_Pelagodroma_, 60, 63, 65;
_P. marina_, 65
_Pelagornis_, fossil, 86
_Pelargodes_, fossil, 99
Pelargomorphae, 70
_Pelargopsis_, 383;
_P. gurial_, 387
Pelecanidae, 70, 83
_Pelecanoïdes_, 60;
_P. exsul_, 68;
_P. garnoti_, 68;
_P. urinatrix_, 68
Pelecanoïdinae, 59, 68
_Pelecanus_, 70-72;
fossil, 86;
habits, 84 f.;
_P. conspicillatus_, 84;
_P. crispus_, 83, 84;
_P. erythrorhynchus_, 83;
_P. fuscus_, 83 f.;
_P. minor_, 83;
_P. mitratus_, 83;
_P. molinae_, 84;
_P. onocrotalus_, 83;
_P. philippensis_, 83, 85;
_P. rufescens_, 83;
_P. sharpii_, 83
Pelican, 70, 83;
habits, 84 f.;
fabled to feed its young with blood, 85 f.;
outgrowth of culmen shed, 5 n., 83;
Crested, 84
_Pellorneum_, 504
Pelvis of _Apteryx_, 9
_Penelope_, 195, 197;
_P. albipennis_, 197;
_P. cristata_, 197;
_P. jacucaca_, 195;
_P. montagnii_, 197;
_P. obscura_, 197;
_P. pileata_, 197
_Penelopides manillae_, 395
_Penelopina_, 195;
_P. nigra_, 197
Penelopinae, 194, 197
Penguin, 54 f., 315;
(Auk), 321;
habits, 55 f.;
meaning of name, 55;
moult, 5
Penis, in Anseriformes, 108; {620}
in Ratitae, 26
Pennae, 2
_Pennula_, 244, 245;
_P. ecaudata_, 244, 250, 251
_Penthetria ardens_, 577
Perdicinae, 198, 204, 218
_Perdicula_, 223;
_P. argoondah_, 223;
_P. asiatica_, 223
_Perdix_, 202, 224;
_P. barbata_, 225;
_P. cinerea_, 224;
_P. daürica_, 225;
_P. hodgsoniae_, 225;
_P. montana_, 224;
_P. sifanica_, 225
Perdiz, 335;
chico, 185;
comun, 185;
grande, 184
Perdrix d'Angleterre, 323
_Pericrocotus_, 525, 526
_Perisoreus infaustus_, 554
_Perissoglossa_, 573
_Peristera_, 326-328, 334;
_P. cinerea_, 339;
_P. geoffroyi_, 339;
_P. mondetoura_, 339 f.
Peristerinae, 325 f., 334 f.
Peristeropodes, 186, 190
Perkins, on Drepanididae, 562 n.
_Pernis_, 148, 172;
_P. apivorus_, 172;
_P. celebensis_, 172;
_P. cristatus_, 172;
_P. ptilorhynchus_, 172;
_P. tweeddalii_, 172
Pervious nostrils, 11
_Petasophora_, 430, 434
Petherick, on _Balaeniceps_, 94 n.
Petit Duc, 412
Petrel, 54, 59 f.;
breast-bone, 7 f.;
derivation of name, 68;
habits, 61 f.;
nostrils, 11;
size, 61;
Diving, 62;
Giant-, 63, 65;
Leach's, 68;
Storm-, 62, 65, 68;
Wilson's, 65
_Petrochelidon_, 522, 523, 525;
_P. nigricans_, 524, 525
_Petroeca_, 511, 515, 516
_Petronia_, 586;
_P. brachydactyla_, 585-587
_Petrophassa albipennis_, 337
_Peucaea_, 585
_Peucedramus_, 573
_Pezophaps solitarius_, 328, 330 f.
_Pezoporus_, 364, 365;
_P. formosus_, 367
_Phabotreron_, 326, 348;
_P. amethystina_, 348
_Phacellodomus_, 484, 487
_Phaenopepla_, 529;
_P. nitens_, 530
_Phaenoptila_, 529;
_P. melanoxantha_, 530
_Phaenorrhina_, 326;
_P. goliath_, 345
_Phaeornis_, 513, 515
_Phaëthon_, 70-72;
fossil, 86;
_P. aethereus_, 72, 73;
_P. americanus_, 72 n.;
_P. flavirostris_, 72;
_P. rubricauda_, 72
Phaëthontidae, 70, 72;
habits, 72 f.
_Phaëthornis_, 427, 430, 431, 435
Phaëthornithinae, 435
_Phaëthusa magnirostris_, 314
Phalacrocoracidae, 70, 75
_Phalacrocorax_, 70-72, 75;
fossil, 86;
habits, 78 f.;
_P. africanus_, 77;
_P. carbo_, 75 f., 76;
_P. carunculatus_, 77;
_P. dilophus_, 76;
_P. featherstoni_, 77;
_P. graculus_, 77;
_P. imperialis_, 77;
_P. lucidus_, 77;
_P. novae hollandiae_, 76;
_P. onslowi_, 77;
_P. pelagicus_, 76;
_P. perspicillatus_, 77;
_P. punctatus_, 77;
_P. pygmaeus_, 78;
_P. urile_, 77;
_P. varius_, 77
_Phalaenoptilus_, 417;
_P. nuttalli_, 415
Phalanges, of fingers, 9;
of toes, 10
Phalarope, 270;
Grey, 278;
Red-necked, 279
Phalaropodinae, 278 f.
_Phalaropus_, 269, 270;
bright colour of hen, 4;
male incubates, 271;
_P. fulicarius_, 278;
_P. hyperboreus_, 278 f.;
_P. wilsoni_, 279
_Phalcobaenus_, 152;
_P. albigularis_, 152;
_P. carunculatus_, 152;
_P. megalopterus_, 152
_Phaps_, 327, 328, 334;
_P. chalcoptera_, 338;
_P. elegans_, 338
Pharaoh's hen, 145
_Pharomacrus_, 441;
_P. mocinno_, 441, 442, 444, 444;
_P. pavoninus_, 442
Phases of colour in owls, 400
Phasianidae, 186, 198, 219;
habits, 202 f.
Phasianinae, 198, 204, 206
_Phasianus_, 199-202;
fossil, 240;
_P. chrysomelas_, 210;
_P. colchicus_, 210, 211, 212;
_P. decollatus_, 210;
_P. elegans_, 210;
_P. ellioti_, 211;
_P. formosanus_, 210, 211;
_P. humiae_, 211;
_P. mongolicus_, 211;
_P. persicus_, 210;
_P. principalis_, 210;
_P. reevesi_, 211, 212;
_P. satscheunensis_, 210, 211;
_P. shawi_, 210;
_P. soemmerringi_, 211, 212;
_P. strauchi_, 210;
_P. tarimensis_, 210;
_P. torquatus_, 210-212;
_P. versicolor_, 210-212;
_P. vlangali_, 210;
_P. zerafshanicus_, 210
_Phasidus_, 201;
_P. niger_, 205, 206
Pheasant, 192, 198, 199, 202, 203, 211, 493;
in Britain, 210;
Argus-, 207;
Blood-, 217;
Copper-, 212;
Crow-, 356;
Eared, 214;
Golden, 209 f.;
Green, 212;
Horned, 216;
Impeyan, 215, 216;
Koklas, 212;
Lady Amherst's, 210;
Native, 193;
Peacock-, 208;
Pukras, 212;
Reeves's, 212;
Ring-necked, 210;
(Ruffed Grouse), 233;
Silver-, 213;
Snow-, 214, 229;
Stinking, 242
_Phedina_, 523
_Phegornis_, 269;
_P. mitchelli_, 292
_Pheucticus_, 585
_Phibalura_, 479, 480, 482, 483;
_P. flavirostris_, 480
_Philacte canagica_, 132
_Philemon_, 564-567;
mimicry, 543 n., 568;
_P. corniculatus_, 567
_Philepitta_, 471; {621}
_P. jala_, 471, 471;
_P. schlegeli_, 471 f.
Philepittidae, 469, 471
_Philetaerus_, 579;
_P. socius_, 577
_Philohela minor_, 290
_Philortyx fasciatus_, 231
_Phimosus infuscatus_, 101
_Phloeocryptes_, 486
_Phlogoenas_, 326, 335;
_P. kubaryi_, 336;
_P. luzonica_, 335;
_P. rufigula_, 335;
_P. stairi_, 335;
_P. tristigma_, 335
_Phlogopsis_, 488
_Phlogothraupis_, 575
Phoebe, 476
_Phoebetria_, 60;
_P. fuliginosa_, 63
_Phoenicocercus_, 479, 480;
_P. carnifex_, 480
_Phoeniconaias minor_, 107
_Phoenicoparrus andinus_, 107
_Phoenicophaës_, 352;
_P. pyrrhocephalus_, 357
Phoenicophainae, 351, 357;
habits, 357
Phoenicopteri, 70 f., 105 f., 108
Phoenicopteridae, 70, 105 f., 112;
apparently shed wing-quills simultaneously, 4;
habits, 107
_Phoenicopterus_, fossil, 108;
sifting apparatus of bill, 12, 107;
young, 107;
_P. andinus_, 106, 107;
_P. chilensis_, 106;
_P. jamesi_, 106, 107;
_P. minor_, 106, 107;
_P. roseus_, 106 f., 106;
_P. ruber_, 105 f.
_Pholidauges_, 559;
_P. leucogaster_, 560 f.
_Pholidornis_, 570
_Phonipara_, 583, 586
_Phonygammus_, 545, 550, 551;
_P. jamesi_, 548
_Phororhachos_, 44;
fossil, 260;
_P. gracilis_, 45;
_P. inflatus_, 45;
_P. longissimus_, 45;
_P. modicus_, 45;
_P. platygnathus_, 45;
_P. sehuensis_, 45
_Photodilus_, 398, 400;
_P. badius_, 404 f.
_Phoyx purpurea_, 93
_Phrygilus_, 586
_Phyllergates_, 514
_Phylloscopus_, 514, 515, 517, 518
_Phyllostrephus_, 504, 506
_Phytotoma_, 483;
_P. angustirostris_, 483;
_P. raimondii_, 483;
_P. rara_, 483;
_P. rutila_, 483
Phytotomidae, 469, 483
_Piaya_, 351, 357;
_P. cayana_, 357
_Pica_, 552;
_P. mauritanica_, 355, 552, 553;
_P. nuttalli_, 553;
_P. rustica_, 355, 553, 554
Picaflor, 426
Picariae, 376;
of Nitzsch, 466
Picarii, 466
_Picathartes_, 552, 556
Pici, 376, 445 f.;
toes, 10
_Picicorvus columbianus_, 553
Picidae, 445, 457 f.
Picinae, 457 f., 464;
habits, 458 f.
_Picoïdes_, 462;
_P. tridactylus_, 462
_Picolaptes_, 487
Piculet, 464
Picumninae, 464
_Picumnus_, 462, 464;
_P. africanus_, 464;
_P. micromegas_, 464;
_P. ochraceus_, 464
_Picus_, 464;
bill, 12;
fossil, 465;
_P. martius_, 458, 463, 464;
_P. obsoletus_, 462
Pie, 175;
Sea-, 276
Pierrot, 362
_Piezorhynchus_, 507, 509;
_P. chrysomelas_, 507
Pigafetta, on Bird of Paradise, 543
Pigeon, 325 f.;
breeds of, 327 n.;
origin of domestic, 327, 344;
habits, 327 f.;
operculum of nostrils, 11;
Brush Bronze-wing, 338;
Common Bronze-wing, 338;
Crested Bronze-wing, 337;
Crowned, 333, 334;
Fruit-, 325, 327, 328, 344-347;
Ground-, 326, 327, 338;
hollondais, 346;
Partridge Bronze-wing, 337;
Passenger-, 327, 342;
Plumed Bronze-wing, 337;
Rock-, 324, 344;
Snow-, 344;
Tooth-billed, 325, 332, 333;
Tumbler-, 327;
Wood-, 327, 328, 344;
White-bellied, 336
Pigment of feathers, 3, 3 n.
Pigmy Parrot, 371 f.
_Pilerodius pileatus_, 90
Pimlico, 567
Pingré, on Solitaire, 330 f.
Pintados, 204
Pintail–see Duck
_Pipile_, 195;
_P. cujubi_, 197;
_P. cumanensis_, 197;
_P. jacutinga_, 197
_Pipilo_, 585
Pipit, 498 f.;
habits, 500 f.;
Meadow-, 354, 500;
moult, 5;
Red-throated, 500;
Richard's, 500;
Rock-, 500;
Tawny, 500;
Tree-, 500, 501;
Water-, 500
_Pipra leucocilla_, 478;
_P. mentalis_, 478;
_P. serena_, 478;
_P. suavissima_, 478;
_P. velutina_, 478
_Pipreola_, 480, 482;
_P. riefferi_, 483
Pipridae, 469, 477 f.;
habits, 479
Piprinae, 477 f.
_Piprisoma_, 571
_Piprites_, 477
_Pitangus_, 475;
_P. bolivianus_, 476
_Pithecophaga_, 146;
_P. jefferyi_, 160
_Pithys_, 488, 489
_Pitta_, 469 f.;
_P. angolensis_, 471;
_P. baudi_, 471;
_P. brachyura_, 470;
_P. caerulea_, 470 f.;
_P. cucullata_, 470;
_P. cyanea_, 471;
_P. cyanoptera_, 471;
_P. granatina_, 471;
_P. iris_, 471;
_P. mackloti_, 471;
_P. maxima_, 471;
_P. moluccensis_, 470;
_P. novae guineae_, 470;
_P. nympha_, 471;
_P. oatesi_, 470;
_P. strepitans_, 471
_Pittasoma_, 488
Pittidae, 469 f., 472; {622}
habits, 469 f.
_Pitylus_, 575
_Pityriasis_, 532;
_P. gymnocephala_, 532
Plain-Wanderer, 190
Plant-cutters, 483
Plantain-eater, 351, 359 f., 439;
habits, 360 f.;
toes, 10
_Platalea_, 100;
bill, 12;
fossil, 105;
young, 105;
_P. alba_, 103, 104;
_P. flavipes_, 104;
_P. leucorodia_, 100, 103, 104, 104;
_P. minor_, 103, 104;
_P. regia_, 103, 104
Plataleinae, 99 f.;
habits, 103
_Platycercus_, 363, 364, 367;
_P. elegans_, 367 f.;
_P. eximius_, 368
_Platylophus_, 532
Platyrhynchinae, 473 f.
_Platyrhynchus_, 473
_Platysmurus_, 552;
_P. aterrimus_, 553
_Platystira_, 506, 507
_Plectrophenax_, 583, 586;
_P. nivalis_, 584 f., 585
Plectropterinae, 111, 133 f.
_Plectropterus_, 111-113;
_P. gambensis_, 134;
_P. niger_, 134;
_P. rüppelli_, 134;
_P. scioanus_, 134
_Plectrorhynchus_, 565
_Plegadis_, 100;
_P. falcinellus_, 101;
_P. guarauna_, 101;
_P. ridgwayi_, 101
Pliny, on death of Aeschylus, 151;
on _Trochilus_, 426
_Ploceëlla_, 577, 579
Ploceidae, 576 f., 582;
habits, 578 f.
Ploceinae, 577 f.
_Ploceipasser mahali_, 579
_Ploceus_, 577, 579;
_P. baya_, 578, 579
_Plotus_, 70-72;
habits, 80 f.;
_P. anhinga_, 79;
_P. chantrii_, 80;
_P. levaillanti_, 80;
_P. melanogaster_, 80, 80;
_P. nanus_, fossil, 86;
_P. novae hollandiae_, 79 f.;
_P. parvus_, fossil, 86
Plover, 268, 270;
Crab-, 268, 296;
Golden, 272;
Green, 275;
Grey, 272;
Kentish, 273;
Kill-deer, 274;
Little Ringed, 273;
Norfolk, 297;
Ringed, 273, 273, 295
Plumae, 2
Plumule, 2
_Pluvianellus sociabilis_, 276
_Pluvianus_, 293;
_P. aegyptius_, 295
Pneumaticity, of _Chauna_, 109;
of _Sula_, 72
_Pnoëpyga_, 521, 522
Pochard, 122
_Podager_, 416
Podargidae, 415-417, 419
_Podargus_, 415, 417, 419;
_P. cuvieri_, 417
_Podica_, 267;
_P. petersi_, 268;
_P. senegalensis_, 267
Podicipedidae, 49, 52;
functionless tail, 26;
habits, 53 f.;
structure, etc., 49 f.
Podicipedes, 49
_Podicipes auritus_, 53;
_P. caliparaeus_, 53;
_P. cristatus_, 53;
_P. dominicus_, 53;
_P. fluviatilis_, 52, 52;
_P. griseigena_, 53;
_P. gularis_, 52;
_P. holboelli_, 53;
_P. nestor_, 53;
_P. nigricollis_, 53;
_P. pelzelni_, 53;
_P. rollandi_, 53;
_P. rufipectus_, 53;
_P. taczanowskii_, 53;
_P. tricolor_, 53
_Podilymbus_, 49;
_P. podiceps_, 53
_Podoces_, 558;
_P. biddulphi_, 558;
_P. hendersoni_, 558;
_P. humilis_, 558, 559;
_P. panderi_, 558
_Poecilonetta bahamensis_, 125;
_P. erythrorhyncha_, 125;
_P. galapagensis_, 125
_Poeocephalus_, 364;
_P. robustus_, 365, 369
_Poëphila mirabilis_, 578
_Pogonorhynchus_, 448, 449;
_P. dubius_, 449 f.
_Pogonornis_, 565, 567
_Polioaëtus ichthyaëtus_, 164;
_P. plumbeus_, 164
_Poliohierax insignis_, 174;
_P. semitorquatus_, 174
_Poliolophus_, 505
_Polioptila_, 514, 518
Polioptilinae, 509, 514, 515
Pollex, 8
Polyborinae, 146-148, 151 f.
_Polyboroïdes_, 146;
_P. radiatus_, 154;
_P. typicus_, 154
_Polyborus_, 146-148, 152, 153;
_P. cheriway_, 152;
_P. lutosus_, 152;
_P. tharus_, 151, 152
Polygamy, in Galline Birds, 202;
questionable in _Opisthocomus_, 242
Polygonal bodies imbedded in vanes, 3
Polymyodi, 466
_Polyplectron_, 200, 202, 203, 208;
_P. bicalcaratum_, 208;
_P. chinquis_, 208;
_P. germaini_, 208;
_P. inocellatus_, 208;
_P. napoleonis_, 208;
_P. nehrkornae_, 208;
_P. schleiermacheri_, 208
_Polytmus_, 427
_Pomatorhinus_, 502, 504
_Pomatostomus_, 568
Poor Soldier, 567
Poor-Will, 417
_Porphyrio_, 243, 245, 246, 250;
_P. caerulescens_, fossil, 251;
_P. caeruleus_, 250;
_P. mackintoshi_, fossil, 251;
_P. reperta_, 251;
_P. veterum_, 250
_Porphyriola_, 244;
_P. alleni_, 250;
_P. martinica_, 250;
_P. parva_, 250
_Porphyriops_, 244;
_P. crassirostris_, 250;
_P. melanops_, 250
_Porphyriornis nesiotis_, 244, 249
_Porphyrocephalus spurius_, 367
Port Egmont Hen, 305
_Porzana bailloni_, 246, 248;
_P. carolina_, 248;
_P. maruetta_, 248
_Porzanula_, 244, 246;
_P. palmeri_, 249 f.
Post-thoracic rib, 6
Posterior limbs, 9
Pouch, 21;
gular, in Bustards, 261
Poule Rouge, 251 {623}
Powder-down, feathers, 3;
patches, 22;
in Accipitres, 147;
in Ardeae, 87;
in _Artamus_, 531;
in Eurypygidae, 266;
in Falconidae, 147;
in _Gymnoderus_, 481;
in _Leptosoma_, 378;
in _Mesites_, 187;
in Podargidae, 416;
in Psittaci, 364;
in _Rhinochetus_, 264;
in Tinamidae, 183
Praecoces, 22
Praemaxilla, 11
Prairie, Chicken, 234;
-Hen, 235;
Lesser Prairie-Hen, 235
_Pratincola_, 510, 515;
_P. rubetra_, 511
Pratincole, 268, 293 f.
Pre-Tertiary Birds, 2
Presphenoid, 11
Primaries, 20, 22
Principal shaft, or rhachis of feather, 3
_Prinia_, 514, 518
_Priocella_, 61;
_P. glacialoïdes_, 67
_Priofinus cinereus_, 67
_Prion_, 60, 61, 66, 112;
sifting apparatus of bill, 12;
_P. ariel_, 66;
_P. desolatus_, 66
_Prionirhynchus_, 380
_Prioniturus_, 363
_Prionochilus_, 570, 571;
_P. squalidus_, 571;
_P. vincens_, 570
_Prionodura_, 551;
_P. newtoniana_, 548, 551
Prionopinae, 531 f.
_Prionops_, 532
_Prionotelus_, 441, 442;
_P. temnurus_, 443 f.
Prismatic, hues in feathers, cause of, 3;
structure of vanes, 4
_Pristorhamphus_, 570
_Procellaria_, 62, 67 f.;
_P. pelagica_, 67, 68;
_P. tethys_, 68
Procellariidae, 59 f.;
habits, 61 f.
Procellariiformes, 59 f., 70
Procellariinae, 59, 60, 65 f.
_Procelsterna_, 311
_Procne_, 523-525;
_P. furcata_, 525;
_P. tapera_, 523-525
Procnemial, 22;
process, of Colymbiformes, 49
_Procnias_, 575, 576
Procoelous, 6
_Prodotiscus_, 451 f.;
_P. insignis_, 452;
_P. regulus_, 452
_Progura gallinacea_, fossil, 350
_Proherodius oweni_, fossil, 95
_Promerops_, 568, 569;
_P. cafer_, 570
_Propelargus_, fossil, 99
_Prosobonia leucoptera_, 283
_Prosthemadera_, 565, 567;
_P. novae zealandiae_, 567
_Protibis_, fossil, 105
_Protonotaria_, 573
Proventriculus, 12
Provinces, 17
Proximal, 22
_Prymnacantha_, 427;
_P. popelarii_, 438 f.
_Psalidoprocne_, 522-525;
_P. nitens_, 522, 524
_Psaltria_, 538, 539
_Psaltriparus_, 538-540
_Psamathia_, 515
_Psarisomus_, 468, 469;
_P. dalhousiae_, 468 f.
_Psaroglossa_, 559
_Psephotus_, 365
_Pseudapteryx gracilis_, fossil, 40
_Pseudochelidon_, 530, 531
_Pseudocolaptes_, 484, 487
_Pseudodacnis_, 575
_Pseudogeranus_, 254
_Pseudogerygone_, 507;
_P. rubra_, 507
_Pseudogryphus_, 137;
_P. californianus_, 139
_Pseudogyps_, 143;
_P. africanus_, 145;
_P. bengalensis_, 145
_Pseudonestor_, 562
_Pseudorhectes_, 532
_Pseudotantalus ibis_, 97
_Pseudotriccus_, 474
_Psilopogon pyrolophus_, 450
_Psilorhamphus_, 488
_Psilorhinus_, 553
Psittaci, 351 f., 361 f., 376;
bill, 12;
cere, 11;
clavicles sometimes absent, 8;
habits, 364 f.;
metatarsals, 10;
toes, 10;
voice, 13
Psittacidae, 351, 362 f., 366 f.
Psittacinae, 362 f., 367
_Psittacirostra_, 562, 563
_Psittacula_, 363, 364, 368, 370
_Psittacus_, 364;
fossil, 375;
_P. erithacus_, 362, 369, 370;
_P. timneh_, 369
_Psophia crepitans_, 257, 258;
_P. leucoptera_, 258;
_P. napensis_, 258;
_P. obscura_, 258;
_P. ochroptera_, 258;
_P. viridis_, 258
Psophiidae, 243, 256, 257 f.;
habits, 258
_Psophodes_, 503
Ptarmigan, 204, 240;
claws shed, 203;
moult, 5
_Ptererythrius_, 532, 533
_Pteridophora_, 545;
_P. alberti_, 548
_Pternistes_, 225 f.;
_P. afer_, 225;
_P. boehmi_, 226;
_P. cranchi_, 225 f.;
_P. humboldti_, 225;
_P. infuscatus_, 226;
_P. leucoscepus_, 226;
_P. nudicollis_, 225;
_P. rubricollis_, 225;
_P. rufipictus_, 226;
_P. swainsoni_, 226
_Pterocles_, 268, 321 f.;
fossil, 325;
_P. arenarius_, 323;
_P. bicinctus_, 323;
_P. coronatus_, 323;
_P. decoratus_, 323;
_P. fasciatus_, 322, 323;
_P. gutturalis_, 323;
_P. lichtensteini_, 322, 323;
_P. quadricinctus_, 323;
_P. personatus_, 323;
_P. variegatus_, 323
Pteroclidae, 268, 321 f.;
habits, 322 f.;
toes, 10
Pteroclo-Columbine, 268, 321
_Pteroclurus_, 322; {624}
_P. alchata_, 323;
_P. exustus_, 324;
_P. namaqua_, 324;
_P. senegallus_, 324
_Pteroglossus_, 456;
_P. aracari_, 456;
_P. beauharnaisi_, 454, 456;
_P. torquatus_, 455
_Pteronetta hartlaubi_, 134
_Pterophanes_, 427;
_P. temmincki_, 430, 434
_Pteropodocys_, 525, 526
Pteroptochidae, 469, 489, 490
_Pteroptochus_, 490, 491;
_P. albicollis_, 491;
_P. rubecula_, 490
Pterygoid, 11
Pterylae, feathered spaces, 2
Pterylographie, of Nitzsch, 2
Pterylosis, 2
Ptilochlorinae, 477 f.
_Ptilochloris_, 478;
_P. squamata_, 479
_Ptilogenys caudatus_, 529;
_P. cinereus_, 530
Ptilonorhynchidae, 496
_Ptilopachys fuscus_, 219
_Ptilopus_, 326, 327, 347;
_P. aurantiifrons_, 348;
_P. dupetit-thouarsi_, 347;
_P. insolitus_, 325, 348;
_P. jambu_, 347;
_P. nanus_, 348;
_P. superbus_, 348;
_P. swainsoni_, 347
_Ptilorhis_, 544, 550, 551;
_P. magnifica_, 545;
_P. paradisea_, 545;
_P. victoriae_, 551
Ptilorhynchidae, 543
_Ptilorhynchus_, 550, 551;
_P. violaceus_, 549, 549, 551, 552
_Ptilosclera versicolor_, 373
_Ptilotis_, 565-567;
_P. limbata_, 564
_Ptychorhamphus_, 316;
_P. aleuticus_, 318
Pubis, 9, 9
_Pucrasia_, 201, 212;
_P. castanea_, 212;
_P. darwini_, 213;
_P. macrolopha_, 212;
_P. meyeri_, 212 f.;
_P. nipalensis_, 212;
_P. xanthospila_, 213
Puff-bird, 445, 447
Puffin, 316, 317;
Tufted, 317
_Puffinus_, 60, 66;
fossil, 69;
_P. anglorum_, 63, 66;
_P. assimilis_, 66;
_P. brevicauda_, 63;
_P. conradii_, fossil, 69;
_P. eyermani_, fossil, 69;
_P. gravis_, 66;
_P. griseus_, 66;
_P. major_, 66;
_P. obscurus_, 66;
_P. yelkouanus_, 66
Puttock, 165
Pycnaspidean, 479
Pycnonotidae, 504 f., 531;
habits, 505 f.
_Pycnonotus_, 355, 505;
_P. haemorrhous_, 506;
_P. xanthopygus_, 506
_Pycnopygius_, 565
_Pycnorhamphus_, 584
Pycraft, on _Archaeopteryx_, 23 n.
_Pygarrhicus_, 484
_Pygmornis_, 430
Pygopodes, 49
_Pygoptila_, 488, 489;
_P. margaritata_, 488
_Pygosceles_, 55;
_P. adeliae_, 57;
_P. taeniata_, 57
Pygostyle, 6, 8;
absent in _Archaeopteryx_, 25;
absent in Hesperornithes, 25, 26;
absent in Ratitae, 25, 26;
absent in Tinamidae, 25, 26, 182;
occasionally found in _Apteryx_, 26 n.;
occasionally found in _Struthio_, 26 n.
_Pyranga_, 575
_Pyrenestes_, 577
_Pyriglena_, 489
_Pyrocephalus_, 473, 474;
_P. rubineus_ 474-477
_Pyroderus_, 479, 481;
_P. orenocensis_, 483
_Pyromelaena_, 577, 579;
_P. flammiceps_, 577
_Pyrrhocorax_, 552, 553
_Pyrrholaemus_, 518
_Pyrrhula_, 583;
_P. enucleator_, 584;
_P. europaea_, 584
_Pyrrhulauda_, 497, 498
_Pyrrhuloxia_, 583
_Pyrrhuphonia_, 576

Quadrate bone, 11, 26;
in _Hesperornis_, 26, 47;
in _Ichthyornis_, 26, 94;
in Ratitae, 26;
in Tinamidae, 26, 182
Quadratojugal, 11
Quail, 199, 200, 203, 220 f.;
Bush-, 223;
Bustard-, 188;
Button-, 186, 188;
Chinese, 219;
Common, 220;
Least Swamp-, 219;
Painted, 219;
Swamp-, 219 f.
Quebranta-huesos, 145
Queest, 344
_Querquedula_, 112;
_Q. circia_, 125;
_Q. cyanoptera_, 125;
_Q. discors_, 125;
_Q. puna_, 125;
_Q. versicolor_, 125
_Querula_, 479, 481
Quezal, 441, 442, 444
Quill, or barrel of feather, 3
Quills shed simultaneously by Anatidae, 4, 113;
by Phoenicopteridae, 4, 107;
by Rallidae, 4 n.
Quiscalinae, 579 f.
_Quiscalus_, 581;
_Q. versicolor_, 580
Quit-quit, 572 f.

Races of birds, 15
Rackelhahn, 237
Racquet-shaped, 22
Radii, 2
Radius, 8, 8
Rail, 243-247;
breast-bone, 7;
flightless, 244;
lose wing-quills simultaneously, 4 n.;
Clapper-, 245, 246;
King-, 246;
Land-, 243, 248, 248;
Sora-, 248;
Water-, 245, 246;
Weka-, 243, 245, 247
Rain-bird, 357, 460, 468
Rain-goose, 52
Rainbow, 434
_Rallicula_, 244, 246, 248
Rallidae, 243 f., 246 {625}
_Rallina_, 248
_Rallus_, fossil, 251;
_R. aquaticus_, 246;
_R. crepitans_, 246;
_R. elegans_, 246;
_R. longirostris_, 246;
_R. maculatus_, 246;
_R. madagascariensis_, 246;
_R. sandvicensis_, 251;
_R. virginianus_, 246
Rami, 2
Ramsay, on Cassowaries, 34 n.
Raptorial, 154
Ratitae, 109;
coracoid and scapula fused, 8;
incisura ischiadica, 9;
meaning of name, 7;
no pygostyle, 6 n.;
structure, 26;
a subdivision of Neornithes, 23 f.
Rattlewing, 121
Raven, 554, 555, 555, 556
Razorbill, 316, 317, 320 f.
Rectrices, 20, 21, 22;
in _Archaeopteryx_, 25;
no true, in Grebes, 50
_Recurvirostra_, 268, 269;
_R. americana_, 278;
_R. andina_, 278;
_R. avocetta_, 278;
_R. novae hollandiae_, 278;
_R. rubricollis_, 278
Red Bird, 331
Redbreast, 516
Redpoll, 583, 584, 586;
beak elongated in summer, 5 n.
Redshank, 283;
Dusky, 283;
Spotted, 283
Redstart, 511, 512, 515-517;
American, 512 n., 574;
Black, 511
Redwing, 226, 510
Reed-Pheasant, 541 f., 541
Reeve, 285
Regent-bird, 549
_Regerhinus_, 147;
_R. cayennensis_, 173;
_R. megarhynchus_, 173;
_R. uncinatus_, 173;
_R. wilsoni_, 173
Regions, of Heilprin, 15 f.;
of Huxley, 15 f.;
of Newton, 16 f.;
of Sclater, 15 f.;
of Wallace, 15 f.;
of others, 16 f.
Regulidae, 495
Regulinae, 509
_Regulus_, 513-515, 517, 518
Reinhardt, on Dodo, 330
_Reinwardtoenas_, 326;
_R. browni_, 343;
_R. reinwardti_, 343
Remiges, 21, 22;
primarii, 20;
secundarii, 20;
of Cassowaries, 33
_Remiornis_, 45
Reò, 379
Reptilia, difference from Birds, 1 f.
Reticulated, 10
Rhachis of feather, 3
Rhamphastidae, 445, 448, 453 f.;
habits, 454 f.
_Rhamphastus_, 454, 455;
_R. ariel_, 455, 456;
_R. carinatus_, 455;
_R. toco_, 455, 456;
_R. vitellinus_, 455
_Rhamphocaenus_, 488
_Rhamphococcyx_, 352;
_R. calorhynchus_, 357
_Rhamphocoelus_, 575;
_R. brasilius_, 576, 576
_Rhamphocorys_, 497
_Rhamphodon_, 426, 430, 431, 435;
_R. naevius_, 432
_Rhamphomantis_, 351
_Rhamphomicron heteropogon_, 437;
_R. microrhynchum_, 437
Rhamphotheca, 11;
of Ratitae, 26
_Rhea_, 30 f.;
breast-bone, 7;
feathers, 32;
fossil, 31;
_R. americana_, 30 f., 31;
_R. darwini_, 30 f.;
_R. macrorhyncha_, 30
Rheae, 26, 30 f., 38
_Rhectes_, 531, 532
Rheidae, structure, etc., 30 f.
_Rheinardtius_, 199, 200;
_R. ocellatus_, 208
Rhinoceros-bird, 561
Rhinochetidae, 243, 263 f.
_Rhinochetus_, 186, 187, 243;
habits, 265;
operculum of nostrils, 11;
_R. jubatus_, 263 f., 264
_Rhinocrypta_, 490, 491;
_R. lanceolata_, 490, 491
_Rhinogryphus_, 140, 152;
_R. aura_, 140;
_R. burrovianus_, 140;
_R. perniger_, 140
_Rhinoplax_, 390, 391;
_R. vigil_, 393
_Rhinopomastus_, 397
_Rhinoptilus_, 295
_Rhinortha_, 351
_Rhipidura_, 506, 508;
_R. motacilloïdes_, 508
_Rhizothera dulitensis_, 225;
_R. longirostris_, 225
_Rhodacanthis_, 562-564
_Rhodinocincla_, 515
_Rhodonessa caryophyllacea_, 134
_Rhodostethia_, 300, 301, 304;
_R. rosea_, 310
_Rhopocichla_, 504
_Rhopodytes_, 352, 357
_Rhopophilus_, 513
_Rhopoterpe_, 488
_Rhyacornis_, 516
_Rhynchaea_, 268, 270;
male incubates, 271;
_R. australis_, 292;
_R. capensis_, 292;
_R. semicollaris_, 292
_Rhynchocyclus_, 473
Rhynchopidae, 300
Rhynchopinae, 300 f., 310
_Rhynchops_, 301, 310;
habits, 304;
_R. albicollis_, 310;
_R. flavirostris_, 310;
_R. intercedens_, 310;
_R. melanura_, 310;
_R. nigra_, 310
_Rhynchortyx cinctus_, 232;
_R. spodiostethus_, 232
_Rhynchostruthus_, 583
_Rhynchotus_, 183;
_R. maculicollis_, 184;
_R. rufescens_, 184 f., 184
_Rhytidoceros plicatus_, 394;
_R. subruficollis_, 393;
_R. undulatus_, 394
Rib, 6, 7
Rictal, 22
Ridge of bill, 20
Ridged structure of vanes of feathers, 3 {626}
Ridgway, on _Ardea occidentalis_, 93 n.;
on Ciconiidae, 95 n.;
on _Dissura_, 96 n.;
on Humming-birds, 432;
see Baird
Rifleman, 472, 545 n.;
-bird, 545
Riporre, 238
_Rissa_, 301;
_R. brevirostris_, 303, 306;
_R. tridactyla_, 305 f.
Road-runner, 357
Robin, 354, 512, 515, 516;
American, 510;
Australian, 511;
Cape-, 512 n.;
Corean, 512;
Hill-, 503;
Indian, 512 n.;
Japanese, 512;
Persian, 512;
New Zealand, 512 n.
Roc, 26, 43
Rock-hopper, 56, 58, 58
Roller, 376 f., 467;
habits, 377 f.;
Ground- 376, 378
_Rollulus_, 199, 200;
_R. roulroul_, 221
Roofed, of tail, 22
Rook, 552, 554, 556
Rose-sucker, 426
Rosenberg, v., on _Nasiterna_, 372
_Rostratula_, 292
_Rostrhamus_, 146, 147, 149;
_R. sociabilis_, 171
Rotche, 321
Rothschild, on _Apteryx_, 39;
on Bird of Paradise, 550;
on Drepanididae, 562 n.;
on _Houbara_, 262 n.
Roy, on Flight, 61 n.
Royal Birds, 136
_Rubigula_, 505
Ruc, 43
Ruff, 234, 270, 285
Rump, 20
_Rupicola_, 479, 480;
dances of, 482;
nest, 482 f.;
_R. crocea_, 480
Rupicolinae, 479 f.
_Rupornis magnirostris_, 167;
_R. nattereri_, 167;
_R. pucherani_, 167;
_R. ruficauda_, 167;
_R. ridgwayi_, 169;
_R. saturata_, 167
_Ruticilla_, 509;
_R. moussieri_, 512;
_R. phoenicurus_, 511