Chapter VII: Part 7

Also correct: Can you tell me the difference between "apt",
"likely", and "liable"; between "noted" and "notorious"?

=h. When a quotation is interrupted by such an expression as _he said,_=

=1. An extra set of quotation marks is employed, and the interpolated words are normally set off by commas.=

Wrong: "I rise said he to second the motion."

Right: "I rise," said he, "to second the motion."

=2. A question mark or exclamation point should precede the interpolated expression if it would be used were the expression omitted.=

Right: "'May I go?'" complained father, "is all that boy can
ask."

Right: "Merciful heavens!" he cried, "we are lost."

=3. The expression should be followed by a semicolon if the semicolon would follow the preceding words in case the expression were omitted.=

Right: "I admit it", he said; "it is true."

=4. Neither the expression nor the words following it should begin with a capital.=

Wrong: "We must be quiet", Said the old man, "If we expect to
catch sight of a squirrel."

Right: "We must be quiet", said the old man, "if we expect to
catch sight of a squirrel."

=i. An omission from a quotation is indicated by dots.=

Right: "When a word is followed by both a quotation mark and
... an exclamation point, ... the exclamation point should come
... last, if it applies to the main sentence." [Abridged
citation of g above.]

=j. Do not use superfluous quotation marks:=

1. Around the title at the head of a theme (unless it is a quoted title);

2. As a label for humor or irony.

Superfluous: The "abstemious" Mr. Crew ate an enormous dinner.

Better: The abstemious Mr. Crew ate an enormous dinner.

Exercise:

1. Carew says, "that the profit comes from selling
knickknacks."

2. What's the matter with that horse? asked Williams. He's as
frisky as if he had been shut up a week.

3. "Who's your favorite character in the play?, persisted
Laura. Is it "Brutus"? No, answered Howard; I admire his wife
"Portia".

4. "It's amazing, said Mrs. Phelps, how children love
playthings. Helen Locke said yesterday, Hughie always tells me
when I am putting him to bed, I want my Teddy bear".

5. "You see, said Daugherty, the two offices across the
corridor from each ether." "One is the county clerk's." "The
other is the county collector's."

=The Apostrophe=

=97a. In contracted words place the apostrophe where letters are omitted, and do not place it elsewhere.=

Wrong: does'nt, theyr'e, oclock.

Right: doesn't, they're, o'clock.

=b. To form the possessive of a noun, singular or plural, that does not end in _s_, add '_s_.=

Right: A hunter's gun, children's games, the cannon's mouth.

=c. To form the possessive of a noun, singular or plural, that ends in _s_, place an apostrophe after (not before) the _s_ if there is no new syllable in pronunciation. If there is a new syllable in pronunciation, add _'s_.=

Wrong: Moses's mandates, Keat's poems, Dicken's novels, those
hunter's guns.

Right: Moses' mandates, Keats's poems (or Keats' poems),
Dickens' (or Dickens's) novels, those hunters' guns.

=d. Do not use an apostrophe with the possessive adjectives _its_, _his_, _hers_, _ours_, _yours_, and _theirs_. But _one's_, _other's_, _either's_ take the apostrophe.=

=e. Add _'s_ to form the plural of letters of the alphabet, of words spoken of as words, and sometimes numbers.= But do not form the regular plural of a word by adding _'s_ (See 77).

Right: His _B's_, _8's_ (or _8s_), and _it's_ look much alike.

Wrong: The Jones's, the Smith's, and the Brown's.

Right: The Joneses, the Smiths, and the Browns.

Exercise:

1. We don't know theyr'e dishonest.

2. The soldier's heads showed above the trenches.

3. Five 8es, three 7es, and two 12es make 85.

4. Pierce told the Keslers that Jones hogs were fatter than
their's.

5. Its three oclock by his watch; five minutes past three by
her's.

=The Question Mark and the Exclamation Point=

=98a. Place a question mark after a direct question, but not after an indirect question.=

Wrong: What of it. What does it matter.

Right: What of it? What does it matter?

Wrong: He asked whether I belonged to the glee club?

Right: He asked whether I belonged to the glee club.

Note.--When the main sentence which introduces an indirect question is itself interrogatory, a question mark follows.

Right: Did she inquire whether you had met her aunt?

=b. A question mark is often used within a sentence, but should not be followed by a comma, semicolon, or period.=

Wrong: "What shall I do?," he asked.

Right: "What shall I do?" he asked.

Wrong: But where are the stocks?, the bonds?, the evidences of
prosperity?

Right: But where are the stocks? the bonds? the evidences of
prosperity?

=c. A question mark within parentheses may be used to express uncertainty as to the correctness of an assertion.=

Right: Shakespeare was born April 23 (?), 1564.

Right: In 1340 (?) was born Geoffrey Chaucer.

=d. The use of a question mark as a label for humor or irony is childish.=

Superfluous: Immediately the social lion (?) rose to his feet.

Better: Immediately the social lion rose to his feet.

=e. The exclamation point is used after words, expressions, or sentences to show strong emotion.=

Right: Hark! I hear horses. Give us a light there, ho!

Note.--The lavish use of the exclamation point is not in good taste. Unless the emotion to be conveyed is strong, a comma will suffice. See 91e.

Exercise:

1. What is my temperature, doctor.

2. "Shall we go by the old mill?", asked Newcomb?

3. Did Wu Ting Fang say, "The Chinese Republic will survive."

4. He inquired whether Lorado Taft is the greatest living
American sculptor.

5. Farewell. Othello's occupation's gone.

=99.= EXERCISE IN PUNCTUATION

=A.=

Punctuate the following sentences:

1. Why its ten oclock

2. It was a rainy foggy morning

3. Arthurs cousin said Lets go

4. I begged her to stay but she refused

5. His parents you know were wealthy

6. Near by the children were playing house

7. Ever since John has driven carefully

8. I smell something burning Etta

9. Well Harry are you ready for a tramp

10. I well remember a trip which I once took

11. When the day has ended the twilight comes

12. She was a poor lonely defenseless old woman

13. Trout bass and pickerel are often caught there

14. Lees army was defeated at Gettysburg Pennsylvania on July 3
1863

15. Students who are poor appreciate the value of an education

16. Clem Rogers who is poor as Jobs turkey has bought a
phonograph

17. He had no resentment against the man who had injured him

18. He spoke to his father who sat on the veranda

19. The rifle which he used on this trip was the best he had

20. His long beard sticking out at an angle from his chin and
his tall silk hat looked ridiculous

=B.=

Punctuate the following sentences:

1. I found the work difficult did you find it so

2. If they had agreed to buy things would have been different
but they didn't

3. I could satisfy myself if need be with dreams and imaginary
delights she must have realities

4. Well Im not disappointed its just what I expected

5. Hard roads are not only an advantage they are almost
indispensable

6. The man who hesitates is lost the woman who hesitates is won

7. The nihilists accept no principle or creed they reject
government and religion and all institutions which cramp the
individuals desires

8. No longer are women considered weaklings although not so
strong as man physically they are now assumed to have will and
courage of their own

9. The Pilgrims wished to thank God so they prepared a feast

10. Our country roads are full of chuck holes consequently one
must drive with caution

11. The first player advances ten paces the second eight the
third six and so on

12. I told her it was her own fault she was too reticent and
held herself aloof

13. He had complained of weariness therefore we left him in
camp

14. The Panama Canal consists of four sections the Atlantic
Level the Lake the Cut and the Pacific Level

15. There are three reasons why I do not like Ford cars first
they rattle second they bump and third they never wear out

16. Protoplasm has been found to contain four elements carbon
hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen but by no artificial combination
can these be made into the living substance

17. Phlox mignonette sweet peas cannas all these yield flowers
until late in the fall.

18. He asked for hot water the mollycoddle as if this were a
hotel

19. Is this seat occupied sir asked Brown who stood in the
aisle

20. There are two types of democracy 1 a pure democracy and 2 a
representative democracy

=C.=

Punctuate the following sentences:

1. And Harvey waiting all this time mind you sprang for the
door

2. I want to go to Memphis Tennessee to the old house if it is
still standing where I was born

3. My bill amounted to exactly counting the car fare nine
dollars and ninety five cents

4. I do not believe it he cried then turning to the others in
the group he asked nervously do you

5. Which is better to borrow money for ones school expenses or
to work ones way

6. He swore swore like a pirate and lashed the horses

7. Dickens novel Martin Chuzzlewit is satirical

8. But what of the Dakotas of Minnesota of Wisconsin are they
to give us no political support

9. The grain is then run into a bin called the weighing bin
from this it is let down on to the scales

10. Lincoln showed very plainly what the phrase All men are
created equal means and what its application was to the
anti-slavery movement.

11. His name was lets see what was the fellows name.

12. He looks sharply for little points passed over by the
average person are important to him

13. How uncomfortable I feel in a room whose windows are not
covered by curtains I cannot describe

14. Some time ago he moved away I was sorry because he was a
fine young man

15. I went to the lawyers office to hear the reading of my
uncles will

16. Well well I havent seen you for years But youre the same
stub nosed freckle faced good natured Tom

17. I did not stop long to consider the football togs were
nearest at hand so in they went cleated shoes trousers sweater
pads headgear and the rest

18. Today I shall outline explain and argue the subject which
has already been announced to you namely The Distribution of
Taxes in Illinois

19. His piping voice his long crooked nose his white hair
falling over the shoulders of his faded blue coat his shuffling
shambling gait as he hobbled up to Carletons Grocery with his
basket all this I shall remember as long as I live

20. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are
created equal that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain inalienable rights that among these rights are life
liberty and the pursuit of happiness

100. GENERAL EXERCISE

Improve the following sentences, making as many changes as are necessary to express the thought clearly and accurately.

=A.=

1. It don't sound right.

2. Us fellows hadn't ought to complain.

3. The decision effects my brother and I alike.

4. Following his breakfast he went up to the office.

5. One finds that beginning on a pipe organ is much more
complicated than the piano.

6. She married before she was eighteen, she had never taken
much interest in school work

7. New Year's Eve, a young lady who I was calling upon, and
myself decided to fool the old folks.

8. Williams drove across town at full speed, this was against
the ordinances.

9. Mr. Black, who had been laying on the sofa, rose and set
down by myself.

10. The agricultural course is a study which every person
should have a great deal of knowledge along that line.

11. Swinging around the curve, the open switch was seen in
time, and directly the train stopped we rushed off of the cars.

12. I can say a little in regard to my expectations in
connection with the next four years of my life, however.
Expectations of work, pleasure, and perhaps a little sorrow.

13. An interesting experience of mine was a collection of
insects made when I studied biology.

14. A man can talk to an animal, and he learns to obey him by
repeating certain commands.

15. The life of a princess as well as a hermit are made happy
by a little child, as illustrated in the stories of Pharaoh's
daughter and Silas Marner.

=B.=

1. Every one in the office were busy invoicing.

2. Their unconscious pranks and laughter is very amusing.

3. The tiger is a beautiful animal, it is also very ferocious.

4. Either he or she are good companions for you.

5. Again, take a student who has been forced to make his own
way, the question may be harder to decide.

6. As for the proposition which is before you, if it was me, I
would not even consider it.

7. The fly is the insect that causes more fatal deaths in a
year than any other insect.

8. The success of a sponge cake depends upon two things. The
beating of the eggs and the mixing of the flour in lightly.

9. James, a youth of such energy, and who is attractive in many
ways, failed in his exams.

10. Fish are only found in the deep holes, and they are hard to
get at.

11. Besides cigarettes, there are other forms of using tobacco,
such as cigars, and in pipes, and chewing tobacco, making the
total consumption very great.

12. I am endeavoring to secure for this position a man not only
with ability as a manager, but one who is capable of
understanding and sympathizing with rural community conditions.

13. Any one having any question to ask or who has trouble with
their camera, may write to this department.

14. When I hear oatmeal it nauseates me. I can see a mental
picture of the breakfast table where I sat nearly all last
summer.

15. In ones second year in high school the books to be read are
Burns poems, Miltons paradise Lost; Bunyans Pilgrims Progress,
and several of Shakespeares plays.

=C.=

1. He promised to on no consideration delay.

2. I heard a voice at the door which was familiar.

3. The most important part of a book is often to read the
preface.

4. Observing carefully, a number of errors are seen to exist.

5. Unless one is very wealthy they cannot afford to own a car.

6. These kind of fellows usually make good athletes.

7. It was the custom of we campers to ride into town and back
on freight cars, when in need of supplies.

8. As I was sitting near a radiator so I moved as I decided it
was too warm there.

9. To thine own self be true is the advice Polonius gave to his
son.

10. In order that Otto should not regain his political power
back again, Sarphina put him in jail.

11. For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction is
the idea which Emerson's essay on compensation begins.

12. To consult a Bible encyclopedia and read it concerning
Easter, one learns quite a little about that religious holiday.

13. Never try to shoot a rabbit or any animal when they are not
moving, for among hunters it is very poor sportsmanship to kill
any animal before they have had a chance to get away.

14. We find that many of Whittier's poems were concerned with
slavery, which he considered a very great moral wrong, and
determined to do all in his power to eradicate this evil.

15. Rhetoric is required in order that a person may learn how
to express their thoughts so as to be readily understood, and
the ability to do this greatly increases the value of your
knowledge.

=D.=

1. Socialism is different than anarchy.

2. He ate the lunch instead of his sister.

3. The Volga is the longest of any river in Europe.

4. I come over to see if you will leave Tilly go on a picnic
with us tomorrow.

5. The value of the birds are studied and the good results
taught to the older children.

6. Despotism is where a ruler is not responsible to those under
his authority.

7. When a boy or girl enters a high school they think they are
very important.

8. I was anxious to begin eating, so no time was wasted by me.

9. They run out of ammunition, which caused them to loose the
battle.

10. The mind is not only developed, but also the body.

11. He built a reservoir varying from 75 to 150 ft. in diameter
and from 8 to 15 ft. high.

12. The most principal reason for going to college is so as to
prepare myself for teaching.

13. While the room was not very large, yet it had a good-sized
closet in which to put a trunk would be easy and lighted by a
small window.

14. A college education is supposed to be general and thorough
by training a man not only into something definite, but give
him a wider scope from which to choose from.

15. Motion pictures give actual battle scenes showing just how
the different countries carry on warfare, in taking care of the
wounded, making ammunition, and how they discharge the
artillery, and advance or retreat.

=E.=

1. He acted like the rest did.

2. He don't see anything attractive about her.

3. Neither Admiral Beatty nor Admiral Sims are afraid to take
chances.

4. The Girl's Campfire Organization was organized when the Boy
Scouts organization was proved such a success.

5. Coal is found likely 15 ft. from the waters edge, extending
horizontally under the cliff.

6. It is no sure sign that just because a student has took a
course in literature, that he really enjoys the best reading.

7. One of the most noticeable characteristics about Lowell's
letters were that they are brief, to the point, and emphatic.

8. On the license there will be found the laws regarding
hunting and on the back of it tells when the different seasons
are open.

9. The St. Louis Republic is a partisan democratic newspaper
and thus it can be guessed as to what their editorials are like
concerning political questions.

10. If the public in general is well posted on the subject and
finds that the charity workers are in earnest, they are much
more apt to donate.

11. Some were laughing, some acted serious, others like myself
were merely looking on.

12. Entering the campus, the Library is seen, which is a
building nicer than all the others.

13. The Ideal Starter starts the engine perfectly without
leaving the driver's seat.

14. The fly feeds on decayed vegetable matter, and also the
decayed animal.

15. It is true that some people keep a fire extinguisher. It is
of minor importance when considering organized fire protection.
It is organized fire protection with which we are chiefly
concerned, so let us dismiss the former and proceed to the
latter subject.

=F.=

1. In olden days the curfew rung everywheres at 9 o'clock.

2. If a person was to become a charity worker, it would
necessitate him giving time and effort.

3. I think most any person can appreciate a good joke when it
is not on them.

4. Your clothing for the hunt should be warm and of goods that
will not tear easy.

5. Life can be classified in four general stages. Infancy,
Youth, Maturity, and Old Age.

6. At the sound of the summons I had to arise from my downy cot
and hurry to the morning repast.

7. He was surprised at the way people lived in the city.
Especially the dirt and misery of the slums.

8. The house is battered and dingy, being built twenty years
ago by Mr. Robinson, and needs paint badly.

9. We hadn't scarcely more than begun the work when one of the
engines got broke and we had to stop until it could be fixed.

10. Neither self-denial nor self-sacrifice are to be admired,
or even pardoned, at the cost of happiness, Stevenson says.

11. The thing that took my eye most of all were the walls.
Pennants, pictures, and souvenirs were hanging everywhere.

12. Grandmother had put the spectacles in the Bible which she
had lost.

13. In the summer time the weather is warm but some people are
complaining of the hot weather and who wish the weather would
turn cooler but is it not this kind of weather that makes the
plants grow, which in turn furnish us food?

14. Until athletics are demanded from the weaker students, the
training will go to the one who does not need it, and the ones
who do need it are sitting up on the bleachers exercising their
lungs.

15. The people of olden times used pumps, but did not know why
they worked, they thought it worked because "nature abhors a
vacuum."

=G.=

1. Each one of these three books are interesting.

2. You may put this hat in any desired shape you like.

3. We motored over to Bloomington which was much more pleasant
than the train.

4. Every one of his statements are so clear that they cannot be
misconstrued what they mean.

5. Analysis is when things are resolved into elements or parts.

6. She dropped the doll on the pavement, of which she was very
fond.

7. He was offered money to keep still, but would not, thus
showing his good character.

8. The first training center for training police dogs was in
Hildesheim, Prussia, and was in the year 1896.

9. The draining of land not only increases the yield, and it
greatly lengthens the season that the land may be worked.

10. He next stated the number of the founders of the
Constitution, which were 39 in no.

11. The life of Doctor Kingsley is a good example of a man who
has succeeded.

12. The fortunes of our country are now standing at the
cannon's mouth, and one vote may stem the tide of disaster.

13. There was little scenery on an Elizabethan stage. While the
parts intended for women were performed by men.

14. The cave which Tom Sawyer was lost in really existed. It
was the cave just outside Hannibal, Missouri, it was near the
Mississippi. Here was the place where Mark Twain was a boy.

15. Yes, and the buildings werent what they are now, do you
remember how we used to go to the old log meeting house, that
was up on stilts, and the pigs crawled under the floor and
raised such a disturbance that the preacher had to stop and
have the pigs chased out before he could continue the sermon?

INDEX

_The numbers refer to articles._

Abbreviations, 83, 90c

Absolute expressions
Defined, 58
Punctuation of, 91e

_Accept_ and _except_, 67

_Ad_, 68

Addresses, 87b, 87e

Adjectives
Classes of, 58
Comparison of, 58
Distinguished from adverbs, 56
In a series, 91f, 91j2

Adverbs,
Classes of, 58
Comparison of, 58
Distinguished from adjectives, 56

_Affect_ and _effect_, 67

_Aggravate_, 68

Agreement
Of verbs, 52
Of pronouns, 51, 50i

_Ain't_, 68

_All right_, 68

_Almost_, Position of, 27

_Allusion and illusion_, 67

_Already_ and _all ready_, 67

_And_ before a subordinate phrase or clause, 16, 17

_And_ used to excess, 14

_And which_ construction, 17

Antecedent
Defined, 58
Faulty reference to, 20-23

_Anybody_, Number of, 51a

Apostrophe
In contractions, 97
With possessive, 97, 50f

Application for a position, 87g

Articles, Omission of, 3

_As_, Incorrect use of, 50a, 68

Aspect of the verb, 58

Auxiliary
Defined, 58
Use of, 55e

_Awful_, Abuse of, 68

Balanced sentence, 45

Balanced structure, 30, 45

Barbarisms, 66

_Because_ clauses, 5

_Because of_ phrases, 5 Note

_Be_, Nominative with, 50c

_Both ... and_, 31

Brackets, 95e

Brevity for emphasis, 41, 60

Business letters, 87c

_Bust_ or _busted_, 68

_But_ used to excess, 38 Note

_Can_ and _may_, 67

_Cannot help but_, 34

Capitals, 81

Case
Defined, 58
Use of, 50

Cause, Inaccurate statement of, 5

_Caused by_, 5 Note, 23, 68

Change in number or person, 33

Change in subject or voice, 32

Change in tense, 33, 55

Choppy sentences, 13

_Claim_, 68

Clauses
Cause, 5
Coördinated loosely, 14, 12
Defined, 58
House-that-Jack-built, 38
Misplaced, 24
Misused as sentences, 1, 90b
Restrictive and non-r., 91d
Subordinate. Not to be used as complete sentences, 1
Subordination faulty, 15
To be reduced to phrases, 60
_When_ or _where_ clauses, 6

Clearness, 20-39

Climax, 44

Coherence, 24-29

Colon, 93

Collective nouns, Number of, 51c

Colloquialisms, 65

Comma, 91, 92c Notes 1 and 2, 95b
After quotation, 96 Note
"Comma splice" or "comma fault," 18
Not used after question mark, 98b

Comparison of adjectives and adverbs, 58

Comparisons, Inaccurate, 4

Compound sentence structure in excess, 12, 14

Compound words, 78

Concreteness, 63

Conjugation, 58

Conjunctions
Defined, 58
List of, 36
Omitted, 37
Repeated carelessly, 38

Conjunctive adverbs
Defined, 58
Punctuation with, 92c

Connectives, 8, 36, 37, 38

Consonants
Between syllables, 71, 85
Final (in spelling), 75

Construction
Incomplete, 2
Mixed, 34
Split, 28

Contractions
Apostrophe with, 97
When proper, 65b

Coördination, Excessive, 12, 14

Correlatives, 31

_Could of_, 68

Dangling gerund, 23

Dangling participle, 23

Dash, 94

Dates, Writing of, 84, 91e

Declension, 58

Definition, 6 Note

Dialogue
Paragraphing, 88c
Punctuation before, 91h, 93a
Punctuation in, 96

Diction, Faulty (list), 68

_Different than_, 68

Divided reference, 20

_Don't_, 51d

Double capacity, Words in, 57

Double negative, 34 Note

_Drownded_, 68

_Due to_, Proper use of, 5 Note, 23 Note, 68

_Each_, Number of, 51a

_ei_ or _ie_, 74

_Either_, Number of, 51a

_Either ... or_, 31

Ellipsis
Defined, 58
Misuse of, 3, 23 Note

_Emigrate_ and _immigrate_, 67

Emphasis
By brevity, 41
By position, 40
By repetition, 47
By separation, 41
By subordination, 42, 14
By variety, 48

_Enthuse_, 68

_Etc._, Use of, 68

Euphemism, 61

_Ever_, Position of, 27

_Every_, _every one_, _everybody_, Number of, 51a

Exclamation point, 98e

Exact connective, 36

Exact word, 62

Figures, Use of, 84

Figures of speech, Mixed, 35

Final consonant (in spelling), 75

Final _e_ before a suffix, 76

_Fine_, Abuse of, 68

Fine writing, 61

Flowery language, 61

Formal invitations, 87h

_Former_, 68

_Gent_, 68

Geographical names, 91e

Gerund
Dangling, 23
Defined, 58
With possessive, 50g

Good use, 65, 66

_Gotten_, 68

Grammar, 50-59

Grammatical terms, 58

_Guess_, 68

Hackneyed expressions, 61

_Had ought_, 68

Handwriting, 80c

_Hanged_ and _hung_, 67

_Healthy_ and _healthful_, 67

Historical present, 33 Note

_However_, Position of, 27

_Human_, _humans_, 68

_Hygienic_ and _sanitary_, 67

Hyphen
Between syllables, 85
In compound words, 78

Idioms, 65

Illogical thought, 4, 5, 6, 7

Imagery mixed, 35

Impersonal construction, Needless use of, 60

Improprieties, 66

Incomplete construction, 2

Indefinite _it_, _you_, _they_, 22 Note

Indention of paragraphs, 88

Inflection, 58

Infinitive
Case with, 50e
Defined, 58
Sign of, to be repeated, 37
Split, 28
Tense of, 55

_Instants_ and _instance_, 67

Interjections
Defined, 58
Punctuation of, 91c, 98e

Invitations, Formal, 87h

_Is when_ clauses, 6

_Is where_ clauses, 6

Italics, 82, 96e

Its (possessive adjective), without apostrophe, 50f, 97d

_Kind of_, 68

_Later_ and _latter_, 67

_Lead_ and _led_, 67

_Learn_ and _teach_, 67

_Leave_ and _let_, 67

Length of paragraph, 88b

Length of sentences, 12, 13, 48b

_Less_ and _fewer_, 67

Letters, 87

_Liable_ and _likely_, 67

_Lie_ and _lay_, 59D, 67

_Like_ (for _as_), 67, 68

List
Of connectives, 36
Of principal parts, 54
Of grammatical terms, 58
Of words confused in meaning, 67
Of words incorrectly used, 68
Of words logically akin, 72
Of words confused in spelling, 73
For spelling, 79

_Loan_, 68

_Locate_, 68

Logic, 4, 5, 6, 7

Logical Agreement, 4, 5, 6

Logical Sequence, 25

_Lose_ and loose, 67

_Lots of_, 68

_Majority_ and _plurality_, 67

Manuscript, 80

_Might of_, 68

Misplaced word, 27

Mixed constructions, 34

Mixed imagery, 35

Modal aspects, 58

Mode
Definition of, 58
Use of subjunctive, 55d

Modifiers
Grouping of, 24, 25
Needless separation of, 24, 27
Squinting, 26
Wrongly used as sentences, 1, 90b

Money, 84c

_Most_ (for _almost_), 66, 68

_Myself_, Needlessly used for _I_ or _me_, 68

Negative, Double, 34 Note

_Neither_, Number of, 51a

_Neither ... nor_, 31

_Nice_, Inaccurate use of, 62, 68

Nicknames, Quotations with, 96d

_Not only ... but also_, 31

Nouns, Classes of, 58

Number
Shift in, 33
_These kind_, etc., 51b
_Each_, _Every_, etc., 51a
Collective nouns, 51c
Of verbs, 52

Numbers, Use of, 84
Formation of plural, 77d, 97e

_O_ and _Oh_, 68

Objective case, 50d, 50e

_Off of_, 68

Omission
Of words, 3
From quotations, 96i

_Only_, Position of, 27

Outlines, 86

Overlapping thought, 8 Note

_Owing to_, Proper use of, 5 Note

Paragraphs, 88

Parallel structure, 30, 31, 45

Parenthesis and parenthetical elements, 91e, 94a, 95

Participle
Dangling, 23
Definition of, 58

Parts of speech, 58

_Party_, Abuse of, 68

Passive voice, not emphatic, 46

Past tense, Wrong forms of, 54

Past perfect tense, 55

Period, 90, 91b, 92a Note
After quotation, 96g Note
Not used after question mark, 98b
"Period blunder," 1, 90b

Periodic sentence, 43

Person, Change in, 33

Phonetic spelling, 71 Note

Phrases
Defined, 58
Not to be used as sentences, 1 Note
Absolute, 91e

Plurals, Spelling of, 77

Poetry to be separated from prose, 41, 80b

Point of view, Shift in, 32

Ponderous language, 60

Possessive
With gerund, 50g
Apostrophe with, 50f, 97
Inanimate objects in, 50h

_Practical and practicable_, 67

Predicate adjective, 58

Predicate noun, 58

Prefixes, 72

Prepositions
Defined, 58
Omitted, 3, 37
Repeated carelessly, 38

Principal parts, 54

_Principal_ and _principle_, 67

Pronouns
Agreement with antecedent, 50i
Case of, 50
Kinds of, 58
Reference of, 20, 21, 22
Wrong use of _myself_, _yourself_, for _I_, _me_, _you_, 68

Pronunciation as a guide to spelling, 71

_Proof_ and _evidence_, 67

_Proposition_, Synonyms for, 62

_Proven_, 68

_Pseudo-_ and _quasi-_, 67

_Quiet_ and _quite_, 67

Question mark, 98

Quotation marks _vs._ italics, 82a
Note 2, 96e

Quotations
Punctuation before, 91h, 92d, 93a
Punctuation of, 96

Reason, Statement of, to be completed by a _that_ clause, 5

Redundance, 60

Reference
Ambiguous, 20
Broad, 22
Divided, 20
Impersonal, 22 Note
Remote, 20
To a clause, 22
To a title, 21 Note
To an unemphatic word, 21
Weak, 21

Reflexive wrongly used for the simple pronoun, 68

Repetition
Of connectives, good, 37;
bad, 38
Of structure, good 47b;
bad 48b
Of words, good, 47a;
bad, 48a

_Respectfully_ and _respectively_, 67

Restrictive and non-restrictive clauses, 91d

_Right smart_, 68

_Rise_ and _raise_, 59D, 67

_Said_, Synonyms for, 62

_Same_, Abuse of, 68

Scrappy sentences, 13

Semicolon, 91b, 92, 95b
After quotation, 96g Note
Not used after question mark, 98b

Sequence of tense, 55

Sequence of thought, 25

Series, Punctuation of, 91f, 91g, 91j 3

_Shall_ and _will_, 53

Shift in number, person, or tense, 33

Shift in subject or voice, 32

_Should_ and _would_, 53

_Sit_ and _set_, 59D, 67

Slang, 66
Quotations with, 96d

_So_, 36 Note, 68

_Some_, Abuse of, 68

_Somewheres_, 68

Sound, 64

Spacing, 80b

Specific words, 63

Spelling, 70-79

Split construction, 28

Split infinitive, 28

Squinting, 26

_Stationary_ and _stationery_, 67

_Statue_, _stature_, and _statute_, 67

Stringy sentences, 12, 14

Subject in nominative case, 50a

Subjunctive mode
Defined, 58
Use of, 55d

Subordinating conjunctions
Defined, 58
Enumerated, 36

Subordination
Necessary, 12, 13, 14
Faulty, 15, 16, 17, 42
_And which_, 17

Substantive defined, 58

_Such_, 68

Suffixes, 75, 76

Superlative degree in comparisons, 4, 58

_Sure_ and _surely_, 68

_Suspicion_, 68

Syllabication, 85

Syntax defined, 58

Tautology, 60 Note

Technical terms, Quotations with, 96d

Tense
In dependent clauses, 55a
In general statements, 55c
Past Perfect, 55b
Sequence of, 55
Shift in, 33

_Than_ or _as_, Case of pronouns after, 50a

_That there_, 68

_Them_ (misused as adjective), 68

_These kind_, 51b

_Those_, Omission of relative clause after, 2, 68

Thought undeveloped, 7

Title
Capitals in, 81
Reference to, 21 Note
Spacing, etc., 80a, 96j
Quoted (books, periodicals, etc.), 82a, 96e

Transitions, 8, 36

_Transpire_, 68

Triteness, 61

Undeveloped thought, 7

Unity, 10-19

Upside-down subordination, 15

Usage, Good, 65, 66

Verbals, 58

Verb, Forms of the, 58

_Ways_, 68

Weak reference, 21

_Where at_, 68

_While_, Abuse of, 36

_Win out_, 68

_Who_, _whoever_, 50b

_Woods_, 68

_Would of_, 68

Wordiness, 60

Words
Confused in meaning, 67
Confused in spelling, 73
Double capacity of, 57
Misused, 68
Omission of, 3

_Yourself_ wrongly used for _you_, 68

Transcriber's Notes:

Article 7, Missing period added (Many passages are powerful,
especially the grave-digging [Is grave-digging a passage?].)

Article 13, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 14, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 24, Added missing article "a" (In the morning I found on
my bed a heap of snow...)

Article 25, Changed "them" to "then" (Do not begin one idea,
abandon it for a second, and then return to the first.)

Article 31, Added missing comma (not only ... but also ...,
both ... and ...)

Article 38, Changed "men to "man" (He was undoubtedly a brave
man...)

Article 38, Changed "trangressions" to "transgressions"
(However, if it is used only for serious transgressions...)

Article 39, Added missing parenthesis ((Consult 36 for a list
of connectives.))

Article 54, Changed period to colon (Exercise:)

Article 58, Changed "I was being taken" to "I must be taken"
in the conjugation table for the verb "to take" as Present
Indicative Obligative in Passive voice

Article 65, Changed "idoms" to "idioms" (Study the following
list of correct idioms)

Article 65, Added missing commas (ain't it fierce?, can you
beat it?, going some)

Article 68, Added missing quotation mark ("We oughtn't (not
hadn't ought) to make this error.")

Article 68, Changed "Verb" to "Very" (Very. Accompanied by
much when used with the past participle.)

Article 71, Removed italic style for the word "compare"
(compare occasion)

Article 86, Corrected numbering in a list changing "2." to
"3." (3. Place in order the headings of the following outline)

Article 88, Added missing parenthesis ((In some instances the
paragraph may consist of a single sentence.))

Article 88, Changed comma to period (We'll have a rope down to
you in a minute.)

Article 91, Added missing parenthesis ((She came and she was
gone in a moment. McCoy talked and the rest of us listened.))

Article 91, Changed period to colon (Right: For breakfast we
had oatmeal, bacon, eggs, and honey.)

Article 92, Changed period to colon (Better: She enjoyed the
dinners, and the dancing, and the music)

Article 94, Changed "d." to "b.", and "b." to "d." (b. Insert
a dash when a sentence is broken off abruptly.; d. The use of
the dash to end sentences is childish.)

Article 95, Changed "dedeclared" to "declared" ("Bunyan's
masterpiece (The Pilgrim's Progress)," declared the lecturer)

INDEX, Changed period to comma (Impersonal construction,
Needless use of)