Chapter XXXVI: Part 36

Pros`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toward, near to + E. encephalon.] [Sometimes abbreviated to proen.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the forebrain. (b) The cerebrum. Huxley.

Pros*en"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; near + -enchyma, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) A general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the principal cells of ordinary wood.

Pros"er (?), n. 1. A writer of prose. [Obs.]

2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott.

Pro*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. prosilere to leap forth.] The act of leaping forth or forward; projection. "Such prosiliency of relief." Coleridge.

Pros"i*ly (?), adv. In a prosy manner.

Pros`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Prose + metrical.] Consisting both of prose and verse. Clarke.

||Pro*sim"i*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zoˆl.) Same as ||Lemuroidea.

Pros"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.

Pros"ing, n. Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy manner. Sir W. Scott.

Pros"ing*ly, adv. Prosily.

Pro*si"phon (?), n. [Pref. pro- for + siphon.] (Zoˆl.) A minute tube found in the protoconch of ammonites, and not connected with the true siphon.

Pro*slav"er*y (?), a. [Pref. pro- + slavery.] Favoring slavery. -- n. Advocacy of slavery.

Pros"o*branch (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Prosobranchiata.

||Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward, further + ||&?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod ||mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or ||forward of the heart, and the sexes separate.

Pros"o*cúle (?), n. [Gr. &?; forward + &?; hollow.] (Anat.) The entire cavity of the prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder.

||Pros`o*cú"li*a (?), n.; pl. Prosocúlle (#), [NL.] (Anat.) Same as ||Prosocúle.

Pros`o*di"a*cal (?), a. Prosodical.

Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv. Prosodically.

Pro*so"di*al (?), a. Prosodical.

Pro*so"di*an (?), n. A prosodist. Rush.

Pro*sod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prosodique, L. prosodiacus.] Of or pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody. -- Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pros"o*dist (?), n. One skilled in prosody.

Pros"o*dy (?), n. [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr. &?; a song sung to, or with, an accompanying song, the accent accompanying the pronunciation; &?; to + &?; song, ode: cf. F. prosodie. See Ode.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical composition.

||Pro*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prosomata. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, ||&?;, body.] (Zoˆl.) The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a ||cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod.

||Pros`o*pal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; face + &?; pain.] (Med.) ||Facial neuralgia.

||Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pro`swpon face, ||appearance + &?; head.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Scaphopoda.

Pros`o*po*lep"sy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person + &?; a taking, receiving, &?; to take.] Respect of persons; especially, a premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his external appearance. [R.] Addison.

||Pros`o*po*pú"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person ||+ &?; to make.] (Rhet.) A figure by which things are represented as ||persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated ||beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as ||speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. ||It includes personification, but is more extensive in its ||signification.

||Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward + L. pulmo ||a lung.] (Zoˆl.) A division of pulmonate mollusks having the ||breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail.

Pros"pect (?), n. [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to look forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see: cf. OF. prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.] 1. That which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.

His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land.

Milton.

2. Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape; hence, a sketch of a landscape.

I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon.

Evelyn.

3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.]

Him God beholding from his prospect high.

Milton.

4. Relative position of the front of a building or other structure; face; relative aspect.

And their prospect was toward the south.

Ezek. xl. 44.

5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect of the future state. Locke.

Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs
only for a day, without any prospect to, or provision for, the
remaining part of life ?

Tillotson.

6. That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation; expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success. "To brighter prospects born." Cowper.

These swell their prospectsd exalt their pride, When offers are
disdain'd, and love deny'd.

Pope.

Pros"pect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospected; p. pr. & vb. n. Prospecting.] To look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to prospect a district for gold.

Pros"pect, v. i. To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or the like; as, to prospect for gold.

Pro*spec"tion (?), n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants; foresight.

Pro*spec"tive (?), a. [L. prospectivus: cf. F. prospectif. See Prospect, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective. [Obs.]

Time's long and dark prospective glass.

Milton.

2. Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to retrospective.

The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and
prospective, too, in this affair.

Sir J. Child.

3. Being within view or consideration, as a future event or contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective benefit.

Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no
prospective bearing.

W. Jay.

Pro*spec"tive (?), n. 1. The scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect. Sir H. Wotton.

2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl.

Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv. In a prospective manner.

Pro*spec"tive*ness, n. Quality of being prospective.

Pros"pect*less (?), a. Having no prospect.

Pros"pect*or (?), n. [L., one who looks out.] One who prospects; especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals.

Pro*spec"tus (?), n. [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. prospectus. See Prospect.] A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the scheme of an unpublished literary work.

Pros"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prospering.] [F. prospÈrer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L. prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.] To favor; to render successful. "Prosper thou our handiwork." Bk. of Common Prayer.

All things concur toprosper our design.

Dryden.

Pros"per, v. i. 1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.

They, in their earthly Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and
prosper.

Milton.

2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.]

Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber.

Evelyn.

Pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [F. prospÈritÈ, L. prosperitas. See Prosperous.] The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial prosperity; national prosperity.

Now prosperity begins to mellow.

Shak.

Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to
lose them.

Jer. Taylor.

Syn. -- Prosperousness; thrift; weal; welfare; well being; happiness.

Pros"per*ous (&?;), a. [L. prosperus or prosper, originally, answering to hope; pro according to + the root of sperare to hope. See Despair.] 1. Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.

A happy passage and a prosperous wind.

Denham.

2. Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable; making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation.

By moderation either state to bear Prosperous or adverse.

Milton.

Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable; auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate.

-- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. -- Pros"per*ous*ness, n.

||Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; to + &?; to grow.] (Med.) ||A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the ||eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. Dunglison.

Pro*spi"cience (?), n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward.

Pros"tate (?), a.[Gr. &?; standing before, fr. &?; to set before; &?; before + &?; to set: cf. F. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; -- applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. -- n. The prostate gland.

Pro*stat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland.

Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter.

||Pros`ta*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.) ||Inflammation of the prostate.

Pros`ter*na"tion (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Pro*ster"num (?), n. [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zoˆl.) The ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.

||Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an addition, fr. &?; to put to, ||to add; &?; to + &?; to put, place.] 1. (Surg.) The addition to the ||human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, ||as a log or an eye; -- called also prothesis.

2. (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a word, as in beloved.

Pros*thet"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; disposed to add, &?; put on.] Of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.

Pros*tib"u*lous (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale.

Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prostituting.] [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to prostitute; pro before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.] 1. To offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire. "Do not prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29.

2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official powers. Milton.

Pros"ti*tute, a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous purposes.

Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread.

Prior

Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.] 1. A woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.

2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.

No hireling she, no prostitute to praise.

Pope.

Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.] 1. The act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.

2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities; the prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron.

<! p. 1152 !>

Pros"ti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.] One who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd.

||Pro*sto"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + ||&?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the head of an annelid ||situated in front of the mouth. -- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a.

Pros"trate (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate; pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down. See Stratum.] 1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate. Elyot.

Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire.

Milton.

2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden.

3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.

Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our
faults.

Milton.

4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent.

Pros"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prostrating.] 1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn.

2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to prostrate law or justice.

3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated himself. Milman.

4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a person prostrated by fever.

Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.] 1. The act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the prostration of the body.

2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.

A greater prostration of reason than of body.

Shak.

3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of strength." Arbuthnot.

4. (Med.) A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great oppression of natural strength and vigor.

Prostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great depression of the vital powers.

Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; pillar, column: cf. F. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns in front. -- n. A prostyle portico or building.

Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.]

1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose.

2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

Pro*sy"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.

Pro*tac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; placing or placed before, fr. &?; to place in front; &?; before + &?; to arrange.] Giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.

Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a contest. See. Protagonist. So called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the brain.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; prw^tos first + &?; an actor, combatant, fr. &?; a contest.] One who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.

Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry.

De Quincey.

Pro"ta*min (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) An amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.

Pro*tan"dric (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man.] (Zoˆl.) Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life. -- Pro*tan"trism (#), n.

Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous.

||Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch before, ||forward; &?; before + &?; to stretch.] 1. A proposition; a maxim. ||Johnson.

2. (Gram.) The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See Apodosis.

3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson.

Pro*tat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

Pro`te*a"ceous (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the ProteaceÊ, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia.

Pro"te*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of Proteus. " Protean transformations." Cudworth.

2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an amúba is a protean animalcule.

Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth.

Pro*tect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n. Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children.

The gods of Greece protect you!

Shak.

Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend.

Pro*tect"ing*ly (?), adv. By way of protection; in a protective manner.

Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.] 1. The act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection.

To your protection I commend me, gods.

Shak.

2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge.

Let them rise up . . . and be your protection.

Deut. xxxii. 38.

3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe-conduct; a passport.

He . . . gave them protections under his hand.

Macaulay.

4. (Polit. Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade.

Writ of protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b) A judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and returning.

Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; safety.

Pro*tec"tion*ism (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine or policy of protectionists. See Protection, 4.

Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.) One who favors protection. See Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. protectif.] Affording protection; sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence." Feltham.

Protective coloring (Zoˆl.), coloring which serves for the concealment and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace. -- Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4.

Pro*tect"ive*ness, n. The quality or state of being protective. W. Pater.

Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.] 1. One who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.

For the world's protector shall be known.

Waller.

2. (Eng. Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent.

Is it concluded he shall be protector !

Shak.

3. (R. C. Ch.) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.

Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658).

Pro*tect"or*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, protectoral power.

Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.] 1. Government by a protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver Cromwell.

2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.

Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral.

Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected.

Pro*tect"or*ship, n. The office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

{ Pro*tect"ress (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), } n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman who protects.

{ ||Pro`tÈ`gÈ" (?), n. m. ||Pro`tÈ`gÈe" (?), n. f.} [F., p. p. of protÈger. See Protect.] One under the care and protection of another.

Pro"te*id (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. -- Pro"te*id, a.

||Pro`te*id"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An ||order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four ||legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also ||Proteoidea, and Proteida.

Pro*te"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, or an amúba.

Pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.

Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2.

Pro`te*i*na"*ceous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.

Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos.

Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It includes the aard-wolf.

Pro*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n. Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.]

With his protended lance he makes defence.

Dryden.

Pro*tense" (?), n. [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees and long protense." Spenser.

Pro*ten"sion (?), n. [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton.

Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.]

Time is a protensive quantity.

Sir W. Hamilton.

||Pro`te*ol"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The ||digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

Pro`te*o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Proteid + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Physiol.) Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas." Foster.

Pro`ter*an"drous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;, &?;, man, male.] (Bot.) Having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous.

Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous.

Pro`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of certain plants. Gray.

Pro`te*rog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; to carve.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also Proteroglyphia.

Pro`ter*og"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; woman, female.] (Bot.) Having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous.

||Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) ||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of reptiles of the ||Permian period. Called also Protosaurus.

Pro*ter"vi*ty (?), n. [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.] Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller.

Pro*test" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n. Protesting.] [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be a witness, testis a witness. See Testify.] 1. To affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.

He protest that his measures are pacific.

Landor.

The lady doth protest too much, methinks.

Shak.

2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham.

The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies
of the passions.

Shak.

Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; profess. See Affirm.

Pro*test", v. t. 1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty.

I will protest your cowardice.

Shak.

2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.

Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar
Protesting fate supreme.

Milton.

To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. Story.

Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. protÍt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.] 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament.

2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent.

Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.]

Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr. of protestare. See Protest, v.] One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.

<! p. 1153 !>

Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.] 1. Making a protest; protesting.

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers.

Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.]

Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.

Prot"es*tant*ly, adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism. [R.] Milton.

Prot`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See Protest.] 1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith." Latimer.

2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

Prot"es*ta`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. protestateur.] One who makes protestation; a protester.

Pro*test"er (?), n. 1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration. Shak.

2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting.

Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.

2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an amúba.

{ Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] A song in celebration of a marriage. Drayton.

||Pro*thal"li*um (?), n.; pl. Prothallia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as ||Prothallus.

||Pro*thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Prothalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + ||&?; a young shoot.] (Bot.) The minute primary growth from the spore ||of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; ||the oˆphoric generation of ferns, etc.

||Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing in public, fr. &?; to ||set before; &?; before + &?; to set, put.] 1. (Eccl.) A credence ||table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison.

Pro*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus.

{ Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?), or Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) }, n.; pl> -ries (#). [LL. protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.] 1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary." Herrick.

2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton. Burrill.

3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United States.

4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.

5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.

Prothonotary warbler (Zoˆl.), a small American warbler (Protonotaria citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash- color, several outer tail feathers are partly white.

Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary.

Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

Pro*tho"rax (?), n. [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zoˆl.) The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly and Coleoptera.

||Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ||prw^tos first + "y`alos glass + &?;, &?;, body.] (Biol.) The ||investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric ||germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma.

Pro"tist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Protista.

||Pro*tis"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zoˆl.) A ||provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic ||organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others ||animals.

||Pro*tis"ton (?), n.; pl. Protista (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) One of the ||Protista.

Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. pro` before. See Pro-.] 1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as, protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form; protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.

2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used adjectively.

Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to deutero- canonical.

Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

Pro`to*cer"cal (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; the tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

||Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus ||of minute unicellular algÊ including the red snow plant (Protococcus ||nivalis).

Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. &?; the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto-) + &?; glue.] 1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument. Burrill.

2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. (c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.

Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of.

Pro"to*col, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols. Carlyle.

Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols.

Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zoˆl.) The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

Pro`to-Dor*ic (?), a. [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.

Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

Pro*tog"y*nous (?), a. [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as Proterogynous.

||Pro`to*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; horse.] ||(Paleon.) A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had ||three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

Pro"to*mar`tyr (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; first + &?; martyr: cf. F. protomartyr. See Proto- , and Martyr.] The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Pro`to*mer"ite (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoˆl.) The second segment of one of the GregarinÊ.

Pro`to*mor"phic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of tissue. H. Spencer.

||Pro`to*ne"ma (?), n.; pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + ||&?;, &?;, a thread.] (Bot.) The primary growth from the spore of a ||moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any ||part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary.

Pro`to*ˆr"gan*ism (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

||Pro`to*pap"as (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a chief priest.] (Gr. Ch.) ||A protopope.

Pro"to*phyte (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Bot.) Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and algÊ, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oˆphyte.

Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto- + phytology.] Paleobotany.

Pro"to*pine (?), n. [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm.

Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic.

Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.

Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr. &?; formed or created first; &?; first + &?; formed, fr. &?; to form.]

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.

2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.

A species is a class of individuals, each of which is
hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same
protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts.

Latham.

||Pro`to*plas"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of fresh-water ||rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched ||pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First- formed. Howell.

Pro*top"o*dite (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

Pro"to*pope (?), n. [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ. protopop'.] (Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas.

||Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; a feather ||(taken to mean, fin).] (Zoˆl.) See Komtok.

Pro"to*salt (?), n. [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a protoxide base. [Obs.]

Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

Pro`to*so"mite (?), n. [Proto- + somite.] (Zoˆl.) One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

Pro`to*sul"phide (?), n. [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Proto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A protosulphide. [Obs.]

||Pro`to*the"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. prw^tos first + qhri`on, ||dim. of qh`r beast.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Monotremata.

||Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.] ||(Zoˆl.) Same as Malacopoda.

Pro"to*type (?), n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; first + &?; type, model. See Proto-, and Type] An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.

They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and
prototype.

Burke.

Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. ProtovertebrÊ . [Proto- + vertebra.] (Anat.) One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm.

The protovertebrÊ were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent vertebrÊ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and other structures as well as the vertebral column. See Myotome.

Pro`to*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the protovertebrÊ.

Pro*tox"ide (?), n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See Proto-, 2 (b).

protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called hyponitrous oxide. See under Laughing.

Pro*tox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

||Pro`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?; an animal.] ||(Zoˆl.) The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the Foraminifera and VorticellÊ. The reproduction takes place by fission, or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, GregarinÊ, and Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, Flagellata, Ciliata.

Pro`to*zo"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. -- n. One of the Protozoa.

Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa.

2. (Geol.) Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

||Pro`to*zo"ˆn (-n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the ||Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan.

Pro`to*zo"ˆ*nite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the primary, or first-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.

||Pro*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zoˆl.) ||Same as Malacopoda.

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Pro*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n. Protracting.] [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract; pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.] 1. To draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.

2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty. Shak.

3. (Surv.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.

4. (Zoˆl.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; -- opposed to retract.

Pro*tract", n. [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.] Spenser.

Pro*tract`ed (?), a. Prolonged; continued.

Protracted meeting,a religious meeting continued for many successive days. [U. S.]

-- Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n.

Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor.

Pro*tract"ile (?), a. Capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.

Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.] 1. A drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate.

A protraction only of what is worst in life.

Mallock.

2. (Surv.) (a) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A plot on paper.

Pro*tract"ive (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.

He suffered their protractive arts.

Dryden.

Pro*tract"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.

2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.

3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.

4. (Anat.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to retractor.

5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight.

Pro*trep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn forward, to urge on.] Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward.

Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin.

Pro*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n. Protruding.] [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to thrust. See Threat.]

1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke.

2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth.

When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems.

Thomson.

Pro*trude", v. i. To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project.

The parts protrude beyond the skin.

Bacon.

Pro*tru"sile (?), a. Capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.

Pro*tru"sion (?), n. 1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.

2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

Pro*tru"sive (?), a. 1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion. E. Darwin.

2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile.

Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner.

Pro*tu"ber*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. protubÈrance. See Protuberant.] That which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation.

Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope on any clear day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append.

Syn. -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection, being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the surface.

Pro*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.

Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare. See Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv.

Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump, protuberance. See Tuber.] To swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp.

Pro*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface. Cooke (1615).

Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.]

||Pro`tu*re"ter (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a ||pronephros. Haeckel.

Pro"tyle (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; stuff, material.] (Chem. & Astron.) The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.

Proud (?), a. [Compar. Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud, prout, prud, prut, AS. prt; akin to Icel. prr stately, handsome, Dan. prud handsome. Cf. Pride.] 1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense; as: (a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.

Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek.

Milton.

O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty !

Shak.

And shades impervious to the proud world's glare.

Keble.

(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting (in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to be checked and soothed." Keble.

Are we proud men proud of being proud ?

Thackeray.

2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud temple's height." Dryden.

Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a
golden cloud.

Keble.

3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of some animals. Sir T. Browne.

Proud is often used with participles in the formation of compounds which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud-crested, proud-minded, proud-swelling.

Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer.

Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash.

Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester.

Proud"ly, adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully.

Proudly he marches on, and void of fear.

Addison.

Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride.

Set aside all arrogancy and proudness.

Latimer.

Proust"ite (?), n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.

Prov"a*ble (?), a. [See Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv.

{ Prov"and (?), Pro"ant (?), } n. [See Provender.] Provender or food. [Obs.]

One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day.

Beau. & Fl.

Pro*vant" (?), v. t. To supply with provender or provisions; to provide for. [Obs.] Nash.

Prov"ant (?), a. Provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence, common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B. Jonson.

Prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.] [OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr. probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.] 1. To try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.

Thou hast proved mine heart.

Ps. xvii. 3.

2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence.

They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when
they could not prove.

J. H. Newman.

3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to prove a will.

4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to experience; to suffer.

Where she, captived long, great woes did prove.

Spenser.

5. (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.

6. (Printing) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to prove a page.

Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest; show; demonstrate.

Prove, v. i. 1. To make trial; to essay.

2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as, a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves mortal." Arbuthnot.

So life a winter's morn may prove.

Keble.

3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved not." Bacon.

Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.] Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot.

Pro*vec"tion (?), n. [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.) A carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for example, a nickname for an ekename.

Pro*ved"i*tor (?), n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere, L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another. Jer. Taylor.

Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor; a purveyor.

Busied with the duties of a provedore.

W. Irving.

Prov"en (?), p. p. or a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his mind." Thackeray.

Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed
to beproven, he was acquitted.

Jowett (Thucyd. ).

Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W.

||Pro`ven`Áal" (?), a. [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia province. ||See Provincial.] Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants.

||Pro`ven`Áal", n. [F.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in ||France.

2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc.

Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose (Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica.

Pro*ven"cial (?), a. [See ProvenÁal.] Of or pertaining to Provence in France.

Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender, fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.] 1. Dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or other provender." Mortimer.

Good provender laboring horses would have.

Tusser.

2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.]

Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.]

Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus.

||Pro`ven*tri"u*lus (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The ||glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves.

Prov"erb (?), n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.] 1. An old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon.

2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.

His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and
speakest no proverb.

John xvi. 29.

3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.

Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among
all nations.

Deut. xxviii. 37.

4. A drama exemplifying a proverb.

Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a great variety of wise maxims.

Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw.

Prov"erb, v. t. 1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.]

Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ?

Milton.

2. To provide with a proverb. [R.]

I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase.

Shak.

Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.]

Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.] 1. Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was proverbial.

In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair
of the same beast, to be the worst.

Sir W. Temple.

2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial obscurity." Sir T. Browne.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is proverbially busy.

Pro*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great advance in age. [Obs.]

Pro*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n. Providing.] [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.] 1. To look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare. "Provide us all things necessary." Shak.

2. To supply; to afford; to contribute.

Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable
woods provide.

Milton.

3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with. "And yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well provided with corn." Arbuthnot.

4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract provides that the work be well done.

5. To foresee. [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson.