Chapter XXXIX: Part 39

||Pul*vi"nar (?), n. [L., a cushion.] (Anat.) A prominence on the ||posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain.

{ Pul"vi*nate (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus a cushion, an elevation.] 1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a pulvinated frieze. Brande & C.

2. (Zoˆl.) Having the form of a cushion.

Pul*vin"ic (?), a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance.

||Pul*vin"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvinuli (#). [L., a little mound.] ||(Zoˆl.) Same as Pulvillus.

Pu"ma (p"m), n. [Peruv. puma.] (Zoˆl.) A large American carnivore (Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or stripes. Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion, and panther or painter.

Pume (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A stint.

Pu"mi*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pumicating.] [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex. See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.]

Pum"ice (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS. pumic- stn. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.

Pum"iced (?), a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot.

Pu*mi`ceous (?), a. [L. pumiceus.] Of or pertaining to pumice; resembling pumice.

Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice.

Pu*mic"i*form (?), a. [Pumice + -form.] Resembling, or having the structure of, pumice.

Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace.

Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel.

Pump (pmp), n. [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or ornament. See Pomp.] A low shoe with a thin sole. Swift.

Pump, n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them by the action of the piston.

for various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump, and Force pump; also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc.

Circulating pump (Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump brake. See Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear, the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever, worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. -- Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a chain pump. -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod. -- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod, above. -- Pump stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump. -- Pump well. (Naut.) See Well.

Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. pumping.] 1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid.

2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump; as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship.

3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in order to elicit something, as information, money, etc.

But pump not me for politics.

Otway.

Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump.

Pump"age (?), n. That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by pumps.

The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons.

Sci. Amer.

Pump"er (?), n. One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in pumping. Boyle.

Pump"er*nick`el (?), n. [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but nourishing.

Pum"pet (?), n. A pompet.

Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking types; a pompet.

Pump"ing, a. & n. from pump.

Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See Steam engine.

Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin.

Pump"kin (?), n. [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo, peponis, Gr. &?;, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; -- so called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known trailing plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its fruit, -- used for cooking and for feeding stock; a pompion.

Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b) (Zoˆl.) The common pondfish.

Pu"my (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.] Large and rounded. [Obs.]

A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy
stones.

Spenser.

Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.]

He would pun thee into shivers with his fist.

Shak.

Pun, n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison.

A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it
was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.

Walpole.

Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble. Dryden.

Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison.

Punch (?), n. [Hind. pnch five, Skr. pa&?;can. So called because composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and lemon juice. See Five.] A beverage composed of wine or distilled liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum punch, claret punch, champagne punch, etc.

Milk punch, a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc. -- Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice.

Punch, n. [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet show.

Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy.

Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.] 1. A short, fat fellow; anything short and thick.

I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me
mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that
is thick and short.

Pepys.

2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk punch.

Punch, v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf. E. bunch.] To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end of a stick or the elbow.

Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.]

Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.] 1. A tool, usually of steel, variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die.

2. (Pile Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a dolly.

3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine.

Bell punch. See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. -- Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers, pliers having a tubular, sharp- edged steel punch attached to one of the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like.

Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.] [From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poinÁonner.] To perforate or stamp with an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole; to punch ticket.

Punching machine, or Punching press, a machine tool for punching holes in metal or other material; -- called also punch press.

Punch"eon (?), n. [F. poinÁon awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L. punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Punch a tool, Punction.]

1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc.

2. (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss.

3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett.

4. [F. poinÁon, perh. the same as poinÁon an awl.] A cask containing, sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons.

Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches.

Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon.

Pun`chi*nel"lo (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus, pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator.

Punch"y (?), a. [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.] Short and thick, or fat.

{ Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), } a. [From L. punctum point. See Point .] 1. Pointed; ending in a point or points.

2. (Nat. Hist.) Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute depressions or pits.

Punc*ta"tor (?), n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson.

Punc*tic"u*lar (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. & R.] Sir T. Browne.

Punc"ti*form (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a point.

Punc*til"io (pk*tl"y), n.; pl. Punctilios (- yz). [It. puntiglio, or Sp. puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony.

They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and
practices.

Fuller.

Punc*til"ious (-ys), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.] Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest particulars. "A punctilious observance of divine laws." Rogers. "Very punctilious copies of any letters." The Nation.

Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common
life.

I. Taylor.

-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n.

Punc"tion (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F. ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture.

Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson.

Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.] 1. A nice point of form or ceremony. Bacon.

2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow.

Punc"tu*al (?), a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp. puntual, It. puntuale), from L. punctum point. See Point.] 1. Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [R.] "This punctual spot." Milton.

The theory of the punctual existence of the soul.

Krauth.

2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise.

Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates.

Bp. Burnet.

So much on punctual niceties they stand.

C. Pitt.

3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper.

These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady
intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem
like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past.

J. Martineau.

<! p. 1163 !>

Punc"tu*al*ist (?), n. One who is very exact in observing forms and ceremonies. Milton.

Punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualitÈ.] The quality or state of being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an engagement; exactness.

Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly.

Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness.

Punc"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark the proper pauses in expressing the meaning.

Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning.

Punctuation, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed with four points: the period [.], the colon [:], the semicolon [;], and the comma [,]. Other points used in writing and printing, partly rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the note of interrogation [?], the note of exclamation [!], the parentheses [()], the dash [--], and brackets []. It was not until the 16th century that an approach was made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods.

Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating to punctuation.

The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence.

Rush.

Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, a punctator.

Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator.

{ Punc"tu*late (?), Punc"tu*la`ted (?), } a. [L. punctulum, dim. of punctum point.] Marked with small spots.

The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with
other studs infinitely lesser.

Woodward.

||Punc"tum (?), n. [L., a point.] A point.

||Punctum cÊcum. [L., blind point.] (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under ||Blind. -- ||Punctum proximum, near point. See under Point. -- ||||Punctum remotum, far point. See under Point. -- ||Punctum ||vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the terminal cell of a ||stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates.

Punc`tu*ra"tion (?), n. The act or process of puncturing. See Acupuncture.

Punc"ture (?), n. [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent.] 1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed.

2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as, the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin.

A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp.

Rambler.

Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puncturing.] To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin.

Punc"tured (?), a. 1. Having the surface covered with minute indentations or dots.

2. (Med.) Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a puncture; as, a punctured wound.

Pun"dit (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India]

Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.]

Pu"nese (?), n. [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.] (Zoˆl.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.]

Pung (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.]

Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted
with a large crockery crate.

Judd.

They did not take out the pungs to- day.

E. E. Hale.

Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency.

Pun"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The pungency of menaces." Hammond.

Pun"gent (?), a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon, Punctilio, Punt, v. t.] 1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice.

Pungent radish biting infant's tongue.

Shenstone.

The pungent grains of titillating dust.

Pope.

2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging.

With pungent pains on every side.

Swift.

His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation.

J. R. Green.

3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp.

Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; biting; stinging.

Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply.

Pun"gled (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium).

Pung"y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a large boat with sails.

Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.]

1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians.

2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; as, Punic faith.

Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to
a proverb known.

H. Brooke.

Pu"nice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.]

Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

{ Pu*ni"ceous (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), } a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus Punic.] Of a bright red or purple color. [R.]

Pu"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puny; littleness; pettiness; feebleness.

Pun"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.] 1. To impose a penalty upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault, either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to punish traitors with death; a father punishes his child for willful disobedience.

A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned.

Milton.

2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay, as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or treason with death.

3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low]

Syn. -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; discipline. See Chasten.

Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to, punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of person or offenses.

That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by
law as punishable as to be a traitor.

Milton.

-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n.

Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment.

Pun"ish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of punishing.

2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a crime or offense.

I never gave them condign punishment.

Shak.

The rewards and punishments of another life.

Locke.

3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of reformation and prevention.

Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.] Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag.

Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice.

If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon
man of toiling for his subsistence.

I. Taylor.

We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand.

Bagehot.

Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive.

God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time
both prudential and punitory.

A. Tucker.

Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.] 1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and useful for tinder; touchwood.

2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; agaric.

3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk.

4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak.

||Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh fan.] A machine for fanning a room, ||usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended ||from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan] ||[Written also punkah.] Malcom.

Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.]

Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.]

Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl.

Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow basket, for displaying fruit or flowers.

Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + - logy.] The art or practice of punning; paronomasia. [R.] Pope.

Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; a quibbler; a low wit.

Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble.

She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables.

Thackeray.

Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc.

Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow waters.

Punt, v. t. 1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion. Livingstone.

2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let fall from the hands.

Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball.

Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts; specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara and faro. Hoyle.

Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt.

{ Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?) }, n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A point or hit.

||Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- ||Punto reverso [It. ||riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah, the immortal ||passado! the punto reverso!" Shak.

Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee.

Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. puÓtÈ younger, later born, OF. puisnÈ; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + nÈ born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty.

A puny subject strikes at thy great glory.

Shak.

Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed.

Keble.

Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller.

Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3.

Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young seal.

Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species.

Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup&?; (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll, puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any insect in that stage of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or imago, stage.

Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the wings in those that have wings when adult. The term pupa is sometimes applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development.

2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of air- breathing land snails having an elongated spiral shell.

Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as in Lepidoptera.

Pu"pal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of a pupa.

Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zoˆl.) To become a pupa.

Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) the act of becoming a pupa.

Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A pupa.

Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + - gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or containing a pupa; -- said of dipterous larvÊ which do not molt when the pupa is formed within them.

Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye, originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.] (Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris.

Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. Dunglison.

Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.] 1. A youth or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.

Too far in years to be a pupil now.

Shak.

Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils.

L'Estrange.

2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden.

3. (Civil Law) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female.

Syn. -- Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar.

Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil.

As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when
they came to power.

Tennyson.

Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillaritÈ. See Pupillary.] (Scots Law) The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and twelve in females.

Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F. pupillaire. See Pupil.] 1. Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson.

2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye.

Pu`pil*lom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the pupil of the eye.

||Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ||Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It ||includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also ||Homaloptera.

Pu*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larvÊ, or larval skins, of certain Diptera. (b) Of or pertaining to the Pupipara.

||Pu*piv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zoˆl.) A group of ||parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy ||the larvÊ and pupÊ of insects.

Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on the pupÊ of insects.

Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.]

Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poupÈe a doll, probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton, Pupa, Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.] 1. A small image in the human form; a doll.

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2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a marionette; a wooden actor in a play.

At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance.

Pope.

3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so used in contempt. Sir W. Scott.

4. (Mach.) The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a lathe.

Puppet master. Same as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. -- Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show, a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat, and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety.

Pup"pet*ish (?), a. Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the nature of a puppet.

Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show.

Pup"pet*ry (?), n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation.

Puppetry of the English laws of divorce.

Chambers.

Pup"py (?), n.; pl. Puppies (#). [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See Puppet, and cf. Pup, n.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the common dog; a whelp.

2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent person.

I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money
bag under each arm.

Addison.

Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To bring forth whelps; to pup.

Pup"py*hood (?), n. The time or state of being a puppy; the time of being young and undisciplined.

Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy.

Pup"py*ism (?), n. Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or impudence. A. Chalmers.

Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.]

Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray.

Pur, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure. [Written also purr.]

||Pu*ra"na (?), n. [Skr. pur&?;, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur ||formerly.] One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the ||Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and ||renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and ||heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their ||descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there ||are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas.

Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas.

Pur"beck beds` (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.] (Geol.) The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, belonging to the Oˆlitic group. See the Chart of Geology.

Pur"beck stone` (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in England.

Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure- blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and cf. Poreblind.] 1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no sight." Shak.

2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye; a purblind mole.

The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be
purblindand sand-blind.

Latimer.

O purblind race of miserable men.

Tennyson.

-- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n.

Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.]

Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt.

Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as
much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to
the price of things exchanged.

Locke.

Pur"chase (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L. pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.] 1. To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer.

That loves the thing he can not purchase.

Spenser.

Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so
removed a dwelling.

Shak.

His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased.

Shak.

2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, to purchase land, or a house.

The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth.

Gen. xxv. 10.

3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; as, to purchase favor with flattery.

One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand
thousand friends.

Shak.

A world who would not purchase with a bruise?

Milton.

4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.]

Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses.

Shak.

5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance. Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price.

6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to purchase a cannon.

Pur"chase, v. i. 1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; to exert one's self. [Obs.]

Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders
should have his daughter in marriage.

Ld. Berners.

2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.]

Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast.

J. Webster.

Pur"chase (?; 48), n. [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See Purchase, v. t.] 1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. [Obs.]

I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase.

Beau. & Fl.

2. The act of seeking and acquiring property.

3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; buying for money or its equivalent.

It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance.

Franklin.

4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson.

We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small
vessels of Golconda.

De Foe.

A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase
of his lustful eye.

Shak.

5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton.

6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is gained.

A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our
workmen call a purchase.

Burke.

7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone.

Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. -- Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril.

Pur"chas*er (?), n. 1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee.

2. (Law) One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by descent or inheritance.

Pur"dah (?), n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath.

Pure (?), a. [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur, fr. L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune, set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p&?; to clean, and perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.] 1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion.

The pure fetters on his shins great.

Chaucer.

A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy.

I. Watts.

2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22.

Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and
of a good conscience.

1 Tim. i. 5.

3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure religion and impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome." Ascham.

Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that
ancient or modern history records.

Macaulay.

4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services.

Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table
before the Lord.

Lev. xxiv. 6.

5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants.

Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue, under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure villenage (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Blackstone.

Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy.

Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured gold." Chaucer.

||Pu`rÈe" (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to a ||pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a purÈe of fish, or of ||potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated.

Pure"ly (?), adv. 1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective).

2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell.

Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective).

Pur"file (?), n. [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Pur"fle (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum. See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.] 1. To decorate with a wrought or flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; as, to purfle with blue and white. P. Plowman.

A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of
rich assay.

Spenser.

2. (Her.) To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; also, with gold studs or mountings.

{ Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), } n. 1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of embroidered work.

2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur.

Pur"fled (?), a. Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges.

Purfled work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic architecture.

Pur"fling (?), n. Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin.

Pur"ga*ment (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory sacrifice. See Purge.] 1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.]

2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon.

Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.] 1. The act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the evacuation of the bowels.

2. (Law) The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar, which was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton.

Let him put me to my purgation.

Shak.

Pur"ga*tive (?), a. [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power or quality of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a cathartic.

Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner.

{ Pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), Pur`ga*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purgatory; expiatory.

Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory. Boswell.

Pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing; expiatory. Burke.

Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven.

Purge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging (?).] [F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See Pure, and Agent.] 1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or superfluous. "Till fire purge all things new." Milton.

2. (Med.) To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in a similar manner.

3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors.

4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by driving off or permitting escape.

5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to purge one of guilt or crime.

When that he hath purged you from sin.

Chaucer.

Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean.

Ps. li. 7.

6. (Law) To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal.

7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed by away.

Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake.

Ps. lxxix. 9.

We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes.

Addison.

Purge, v. i. 1. To become pure, as by clarification.

2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by means of a cathartic.

Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.] 1. The act of purging.

The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of
Northumberland.

Fuller.

2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot.

Pur"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, a cathartic medicine.

Pur"ger*y (?), n. The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is drained off from the sugar.

Pur"ging (?), a. That purges; cleansing.

Purging flax (Bot.), an annual European plant of the genus Linum (L. catharticum); dwarf wild flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic medicine.

Pur"ging, n. (Med.) The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; especially, diarrhea.

Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin.

Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. purification, L. purificatio. See Purify.] 1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of metals.

2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement.

When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses
were accomplished.

Luke ii. 22.

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations.

Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify; tending to cleanse. [R.]

Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier.

Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to purify; purificative.

Pu"ri*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a cleanser; a refiner.

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Pu"ri*form (p"r*fÙrm), a. [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. puriforme.] (Med.) In the form of pus.

Pu"ri*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purifying (?).] [F. purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.] 1. To make pure or clear from material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify liquors or metals; to purify the blood; to purify the air.

2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral defilement; as, to purify the heart.

And fit them so Purified to receive him pure.

Milton.

(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement.

And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, .
. . and purified the altar.

Lev. viii. 15.

Purify both yourselves and your captives.

Num. xxxi. 19.

(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language. Sprat.

Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear.

||Pu"rim (?), n. [Heb. pr, pl. prm, a lot.] A Jewish festival, called ||also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of ||the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26.

Pur"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey.

The English language, however, . . . had even already become too
thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of
purism to be admitted to the letter.

Craik.

Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.] 1. One who aims at excessive purity or nicety, esp. in the choice of language.

He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to
any purist.

Macaulay.

2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek. M. Stuart.

{ Pu*ris"tic (?), Pu*ris"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purists or purism.

Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England.

The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political Puritans, Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume.

2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions.

She would make a puritan of the devil.

Shak.

Pu"ri*tan, a. Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or characteristic of, the Puritans.

{ Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice.

2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt.

Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly
excluded.

Macaulay.

He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil.

Hawthorne.

Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner.

Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans.

Pu"ri*tan*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puritanizing (?).] To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu.

Pu"ri*ty (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purtÈ, F. puretÈ, from L. puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure. Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b) Cleanness; freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen vesture." Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from any sinister or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of style.

Pur"kin*je's cells` (?). [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.] (Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the cerebellum.

Purl (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled." B. Jonson.

Purl, n. 1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band.

A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl
and pearl.

Sir P. Sidney.

2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a ribbed or waved appearance.

Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2.

Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf. Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.] 1. To run swiftly round, as a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or through obstructions.

Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder
purl the falling rills.

Pope.

2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle.

thin winding breath which purled up to the sky.

Shak.

Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.] 1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an eddy; a ripple.

Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the
sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of
silver curls.

Drayton.

2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among obstructions; as, the purl of a brook.

3. [Perh. from F. perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor, medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of purl to recover appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking pipes." Dickens.

4. (Zoˆl.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]

Pur"lieu (?), n. [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF. puralÈe, poralÈe (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of boundaries, originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused, however, with L. per through) + alÈe. See Pro-, and Alley.] [Written also pourlieu.] 1. Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights.

Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two
gentle fawns at play.

Milton.

2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district; environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James."

brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of
the court.

Macaulay.

{ Pur"lin, Pur"line } (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.) In root construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and supporting the common rafters.

Purl"ing (?), n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing.

Pur*loin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purloining.] [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay; pur, por, pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong, and cf. Eloign.] To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take by theft; to filch.

Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold.

Milton.

when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ?

Dryden.

Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10.

Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift.

Pur"par`ty (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF. purpart a respective part.] (Law) A share, part, or portion of an estate allotted to a coparcener. [Written also purpart, and pourparty.]

I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my
own thirds.

Walpole.

Pur"ple (?), n.; pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. Gr. &?; the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, purple dye; cf. &?; dark (said of the sea), purple, &?; to grow dark (said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. furere to rage, E. fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.] 1. A color formed by, or resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and blue.

Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his
western throne attend.

Milton.

The ancient words which are translated purple are supposed to have been used for the color we call crimson. In the gradations of color as defined in art, purple is a mixture of red and blue. When red predominates it is called violet, and when blue predominates, hyacinth.

2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple.

Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined
linen, and purple, and scarlet.

Ex. xxvi. 1.

3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in the purple." Gibbon.

4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal.

5. (Zoˆl.) Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the banded purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula.

6. (Zoˆl.) Any shell of the genus Purpura.

7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura.

8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle.

Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming words of obvious signification; as, purple- colored, purple-hued, purple-stained, purple- tinged, purple-tinted, and the like.