Chapter VII: Part 7

Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow.

Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, beyond, through, or away; departing.

2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." Shak.

Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but forming no essential part of the harmony.

Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak.

Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif.

Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif (Rom. viii. 18).

To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many
infallible proofs.

Acts i. 3.

2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action.

A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and,
when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it.

Locke.

3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of impressions from external agents. [R.]

Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many
other passions of matter.

Bacon.

4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. "A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek roses." Lady M. W. Montagu.

We also are men of like passions with you.

Acts xiv. 15.

The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood,
without considering the affections and passions, or those
modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the
apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind
generally conceives good or evil.

Hutcheson.

The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very
strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind
of enthusiastic fondness for anything.

Cogan.

The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion.

Shak.

The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers
reason still.

Pope.

Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion.

Akenside.

When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no
passion for the glory of their country.

Addison.

5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak.

6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl.

Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the instruments of our Savior's crucifixion.

The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.

Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." Shipley.

Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p. pr & vb. n. Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats.

Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she doteth." Shak.

Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary.

Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton.

Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionnÈ.] 1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature.

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate.

Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate Pilgrim." Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen
did passionate.

Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak.

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately.

South.

2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke.

Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross.

Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson.

Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent.

Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene.

The passive air Upbore their nimble tread.

Milton.

The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple
ideas.

Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

The best virtue, passive fortitude.

Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive.

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.

Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.

To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the
power and action of its cause.

J. Edwards.

Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivitÈ.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity. Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley.

Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (&?;). One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb. Ex. xii.

Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe- parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

Pass"port (&?;), n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

Caution in granting passports to Ireland.

Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct. Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance. Sir P. Sidney.

His passport is his innocence and grace.

Dryden.

||Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (&?;). [L., a step, a ||pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers ||Plowman. See 2d Fit.

Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay.

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See Paspy. Shak.

Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton.

Past master. See under Master.

Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, at least, is secure." D. Webster.

The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a
very remote past indeed.

Trench.

Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled past endurance." Macaulay.

Until we be past thy borders.

Num. xxi. 22.

Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame.

L'Estrange.

<! p. 1050 !>

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour.

Is it not past two o'clock?

Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

Not past three quarters of a mile.

Shak.

Bows not past three quarters of a yard long.

Spenser.

Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past.

The alarum of drums swept past.

Longfellow.

Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p‚te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. &?; barley broth; cf. &?; barley porridge, &?; sprinkled with salt, &?; to sprinkle. Cf. Pasty, n., Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass.

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.

Paste eel (Zoˆl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar.

Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

Paste"board` (?), n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black.

2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); also, the dye itself.

Past"er (?), n. 1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department.

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]

Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p‚turon, fr. OF. pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse.

The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone.

Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden.

Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140∞ F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.

Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurism.

||Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1. A medley; an ||olio. [R.] H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.

{ Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), } n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel, a crayon.

Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf. Pabulum, Pasture, Food.] 1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zoˆl.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.

Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.] 1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life.

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter.

Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. -- Pastoral Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.

Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.

A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented
by its effects on a country life.

Rambler.

2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

||Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural ||style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor.

Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]

Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton.

Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull.

Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (&?;). 1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.] Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.

Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel.

Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture.

Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p‚turage. See Pasture.] 1. Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture.

2. Grass growing for feed; grazing.

3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle.

Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p‚ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.]

Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous.

Spenser.

2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of cattle taken by grazing.

3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage.

He maketh me to lie down in green pastures.

Ps. xxiii. 2.

So graze as you find pasture.

Shak.

Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.] To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows.

Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze.

Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton.

Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See Agister.

Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty complexion." G. Eliot.

Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. pastÈ, F. p‚tÈ. See Paste, and cf. Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. "If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens.

A large pasty baked in a pewter platter.

Sir W. Scott.

Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] [Cf. G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently with the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog.

Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite.

Pope.

Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a tap.

2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats.

It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter.

Dickens.

Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat allusion." Barrow.

Pat, adv. In a pat manner.

I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter.

Sterne.

||Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon. ||[Obs.]

||Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to ||a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain ||& Portugal]

Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca.

||Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.] 1. ||(Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb ||with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the ||wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb ||with the body.

2. (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of Butterfly.

Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of Patagonia.

Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also pattemar.]

Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A West African long-tailed monkey (Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey.

Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F. patavinitÈ] The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity.

Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf. Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.] 1. A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole.

Patches set upon a little breach.

Shak.

2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a patch on a kettle, a roof, etc.

3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a defect, or to heighten beauty.

Your black patches you wear variously.

Beau. & Fl.

4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a rifle ball, to make it fit the bore.

5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn.

Employed about this patch of ground.

Bunyan.

6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of dispart, in sighting.

7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou scurvy patch." Shak.

Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a plate bolted or riveted fast.

Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.] 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like; as, to patch a coat.

2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house.

3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches.

Ladies who patched both sides of their faces.

Spectator.

4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak.

Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe.

Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. [R.] Shak.

Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.]

{ Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly } (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made.

2. The perfume made from this plant.

Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil.

Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily composed; a thing putched up. Swift.

Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in patches.

||Pa`tÈ" (?), a. (Her.) See PattÈ.

||Pa`tÈ" (?), n. [F. p‚tÈ.] 1. A pie. See Patty.

2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified place. [R.]

Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, patz, scab + kopf head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.]

His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent
dealing shall come down upon his own pate.

Ps. vii. 16.

Fat paunches have lean pate.

Shak.

2. The skin of a calf's head.

Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, long-pated; shallow- pated.

Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee.

Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor.

||Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat ||peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli.

||Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. PatellÊ (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan, ||dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase.

2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee.

3. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food.

4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus.

Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan.

Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.] 1. Having the form of a patella.

2. (Zoˆl.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella.

||Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. PatellulÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella. ||See Patella.] (Zoˆl.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain ||insects.

Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf. L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. &?; a kind of flat dish: cf. F. patËne. Cf. Patina.] 1. A plate. [Obs.]

2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover.

[Written also patin, patine.]

||Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten.

||Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the ||hill region of Ceylon.

Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.] 1. The condition of being open, enlarged, or spread.

2. The state of being patent or evident.

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Pat"ent (pt"ent or pt"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p. pr. of patere to be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.] 1. (Oftener pronounced pt"ent in this sense) Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; public; conspicuous.

He had received instructions, both patent and secret.

Motley.

2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter.

3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines.

Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent
commodity.

Mortimer.

4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or branch; as, a patent leaf.

Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a government bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents. -- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. -- Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents.

Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.] 1. A letter patent, or letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically: (a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant and conveyance of public lands.

Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent.

Fuller.

In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by act of Congress.

2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent.

If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend.

Shak.

Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands.

Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being patented.

Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege secured, by patent. Bacon.

Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels clamped together.

Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently.

||Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. PaterÊ(&?;). [ L., fr. patere to lie open.] 1. ||A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and ||Romans in libations and sacrificies.

2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in relief on friezes, and the like.

Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.]

||Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater ||father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a ||family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his ||own master.

Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel. See Father.] 1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton.

2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal estate.

Their small paternal field of corn.

Dryden.

Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs.

Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London Times.

Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner.

Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternitÈ. See Paternal.] 1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; family headship; as, the divine paternity.

The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other
dominion than paternity and eldership.

Sir W. Raleigh.

2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the paternity of a child.

3. Origin; authorship.

The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed.

Sir W. Scott.

Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so called from the first two words of the Latin version.

2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings.

3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead&?;shaped sinkers.

Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a paternoster. Udall.

Path (pth), n.; pl. Paths (pz). [As. pÊ, pa; akin to D. pad, G. pfad, of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. pa`tos, Skr. patha, path. &radic;21.] 1. A trodden way; a footway.

The dewy paths of meadows we will tread.

Dryden.

2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a course of life or action.

All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth.

Ps. xxv. 10.

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

Gray.

Path (p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (pd); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton.

Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak.

Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a suffering, &?;, to suffer.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers.

Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer: cf. F. pathÈtique. See Pathos.] 1. Expressing or showing anger; passionate. [Obs.]

2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay.

No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic.

E. Porter.

Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions.

Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n.

Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. pathÈtisme.] See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland.

Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions.

The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker.

J. Burroughs.

Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. &?;, passive, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer] A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite. [R.] B. Jonson.

Path"ic, a. [Gr. &?;.] Passive; suffering.

Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods.

Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way.

Milton.

Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path.

Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of virulent microˆrganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene.

Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny.

Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic.

Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; disease + the root of &?; birth.] (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium.

Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation and development of disease.

Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; skilled in judging of diseases; &?; a disease + &?; skilled: cf. F. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.) Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom.

The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy.

Arbuthnot.

Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; passion + &?; a judgment, fr. &?;, &?;, to know.] Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which human passions are indicated.

{ Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pathologique.] Of or pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases.

Pa*thol"o*gy (-j), n.; pl. Pathologies (-jz). [Gr. pa`qos a suffering, disease + -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc.

Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of disease or morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical pathology. Its departments are nosology, Êtiology, morbid anatomy, symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of diseases.

Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow.

||Path`o*pú"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; passion + ||&?; to make.] (Rhet.) A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move ||the passion. Smart.

Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pa`qos a suffering, passion, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer; cf. &?; toil, L. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, or of a cry.

The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe.

T. Warton.

Path"way (?), n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively. Shak.

In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is
no death.

Prov. xii. 28.

We tread the pathway arm in arm.

Sir W. Scott.

Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable; tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey.

Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.] Of or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle.

Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.]

Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.] 1. The state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc.

Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and
long-suffering.

Col. i. 11.

I must have patience to endure the load.

Shak.

Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from
his cross.

Keble.

2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due or hoped for; forbearance.

Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all.

Matt. xviii. 29.

3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance.

He learned with patience, and with meekness taught.

Harte.

4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker.

They stay upon your patience.

Shak.

5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than in Europe; monk's rhubarb.

6. (Card Playing) Solitaire.

Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and resignation.

Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p. pr. of pati to suffer. Cf. Pathos, Passion.] 1. Having the quality of enduring; physically able to suffer or bear.

Patient of severest toil and hardship.

Bp. Fell.

2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; long-suffering.

3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, patient endeavor.

Whatever I have done is due to patient thought.

Sir I. Newton.

4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not overeager; composed.

Not patient to expect the turns of fate.

Prior.

5. Forbearing; long-suffering.

Be patient toward all men.

1 Thess. v. 14.

Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a passive recipient.

Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often
involves the agent and the patient.

Gov. of Tongue.

2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to physician or nurse.

Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever.

Sir P. Sidney.

In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice and medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary.

Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." Shak.

Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper.

{ Pat"in (?), Pat"ine }, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of bright gold." Shak.

Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella.

2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, and medals. Fairholt.

||Pa"ti*o (p‰"t*), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor ||where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., ||are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation.

The patio process is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation.

Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow.

Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; convenience.

The description with equal patness may suit both.

Barrow.

Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a provincial form of speech.

The jargon and patois of several provinces.

Sir T. Browne.

Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross.

Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.] (Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial nouns, or patrials. Andrews.

Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; lineage, especially on the father's side, race; &?; father + &?; a leader, chief, fr. &?; to lead, rule. See Father, Archaic.] 1. The father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived before the time of Moses.

2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of Antioch.

3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively.

The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet.

Longfellow.

The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees.

Dryde.

Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining to a patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a patriarchal church.

2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.

About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung.

Tennyson.

3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations.

Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses.

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Pa`tri*ar"chate (p>amac/`tr*‰r"kt), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.] 1. The office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor.

2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch.

3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See Patriarchal, a., 3.

Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchate. [R.]

Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. &?;.] Patriarchal.

Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a family.

Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe.

Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; patriarchship. Brerewood.

2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism.

Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians.

2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; not plebeian.

Born in the patrician file of society.

Sir W. Scott.

His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood.

Addison.

Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility.

2. A person of high birth; a nobleman.

3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in patristic lore. [R.] Colridge.

Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians.

Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the office of patriarch. Milman.

Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal.

Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.] 1. The murderer of his father.

2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide.

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L. patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial estate.

Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance.

Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1. A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. "'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak.

2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley.

Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all fr. Gr. &?; a fellow-countryman, fr. &?; established by forefathers, fr. &?; father. See Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall.

Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws.

Pope.

Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic.

Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. &?; belonging to a fellow-countryman.] Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance.

Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. -- Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv.

Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley.

Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father + pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a body of believers in the early church who denied the independent preÎxistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism (#), n.

Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics.

{ Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), } a. [F. patristique. See Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church.

The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology.

I. Taylor.

Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church.

Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. &?;.] To imitate one's father. [R.]

Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p. p. of patrocinari to patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.] Urquhart.

Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing. [Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall.

Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination.

Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat, v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.

Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat.

Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.] 1. (Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. (c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.

2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol.

In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal
regulations.

A. Hamilton.

Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v.

Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (&?;). One who patrols; a watchman; especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or city.

Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal, and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.] 1. One who protects, supports, or countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The patron of true holiness." Spenser.

2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or pleader.

Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire.

Macaulay.

3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art.

4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.]

5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint.

6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2.

Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2.

Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; tutelary. Dryden.

Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual.

Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. patronatus.] 1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author.

2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant]

3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison.

4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.

5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson. Blackstone.

Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. [Obs.] Shak.

Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron; protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron; patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev.

Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper. Spenser.

Night, best patroness of grief.

Milton.

Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support. [R.]

Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patronizing (?).] 1. To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.

The idea has been patronized by two States only.

A. Hamilton.

2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial Cant]

3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals.

Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes.

Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. Thackeray.

Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron.

Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a father + E. onomatology.] That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names and their origin; the study of patronymics.

Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. &?;; &?; father + &?; name: cf. F. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic denomination.

Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. &?;.] A modification of the father's name borne by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a family; the family name. M. A. Lower.

Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic.

Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.

Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving.

{ ||Pat`tÈ" (?), Pat*tee" (?), } a. [F. pattÈ, fem. pattÈe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very broad at the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also patÈ, patee.]