Chapter I: The Dark Age

[b] J. C. L. S. DE SISMONDI, _The History of the Italian Republics_.

[c] FRANCESCO BERTOLINI, _Storia delle Dominazioni in Italia_ (in Villari’s Storia Politica d’Italia).

[d] PIERRE ANTOINE DARU, _Histoire de la République de Venise_.

[e] HENRY EDWARD NAPIER, _Florentine History_.

[f] GIOVANNI BATISTA TESTA, _History of the War of Frederic I against the Communes of Lombardy_.

[g] ANDREA DANDOLO, _Chronicon Venetum_.

[h] GIOVANNI DIACONO, _Chronicon_.

[i] HEINRICH LEO, _Entwicklung der Verfassung der Lombardischen Städte_.

[k] W. C. HAZLITT, _History of the Venetian Republic_.

[l] PASQUALE VILLANI, the article “Pisa” in the Ninth Edition of the _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

[m] KARL HILLEBRAND, _Dino Campagni: Étude Historique et Littéraire sur l’Époque de Dante_.

[n] MALASPINA RICORDANO, _Istoria fiorentina_, in Muratori’s “Rerum Italicarum Scriptores,” vol. VIII.

[o] E. PROCTOR, _The History of Italy_.