Chapter XXII: Section 4: And be it further resolved, That the President of (5)

He certainly is not an Austrian subject, and he as certainly (p. 358)
can claim no other allegiance to any other power, than to
that of the United States. It is not uncommon for persons
having received official copies of their declaration of
allegiance to procure an American passport stating this fact, in
which all protection and satisfaction is assured them from
American authorities. I believe that, under the circumstances,
you have a right to persist in demanding him from the Austrian
commander. The Porte would wish to leave the matter open between
us and the Austrians, and if we could see the poor fellow carried
off and hung to let us take the ignominy of the transaction on
our own shoulders. If I thought you would be governed by my
instructions, they would be to demand him, in the most formal and
positive language, of the Austrian commander, in my name as
Representative of the United States, and after having him in your
possession, to leave the matter to be adjusted between the two
governments. In case of a refusal to deliver him, founded on the
pleas that he had renounced all allegiance to Austria, and that
having taken the oath of allegiance to the United States, he has
a claim upon our protection, I would take him out of the vessel.
Such a course will meet with the most profound applause from this
government and from every foreign legation here (except that of
Austria), and cannot but call forth strong gratification on the
part of our government and people at home.

So abominable an act has excited here extreme abhorrence and
execration, and all you have already done has elevated the
character of our country and of our navy.

I remain, dear Sir, most truly yours,
S. N. BROWN.

Be so good as to allow Mr. Offley to peruse the present. I do not
doubt but that he will support you in all you do.
S. N. B.

[_Enclosure from Caleb Lyon of Lyonsdale._]

My Dear Sir: I cordially approve of the measures of Mr. Brown in
taking the exile Coszta per force, and do hope you will do so. So
far as my humble power goes, I will defend it. He is not an
Austrian subject, he has sworn allegiance to the United States.
Sure this is enough to demand our protection, no matter what he
says. Do not let this chance slip to acquit yourself nobly, and
to do honor to our country.

The Turkish Governor as well as the Austrian Consul have been
both dismissed and disgraced.

The eyes of nations are upon the little St. Louis and her
commander. For God's sake, and sake of humanity, stand for the
right.

Regards and friendship of yours ever,
Caleb LYON OF LYONSDALE.

Mr. Lyon is a member of Congress from the State of New York, and
now travelling in Europe.

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_Martin Coszta's Declaration of Intention._ (p. 359)

1852.

State of New York.

_In the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of New York_:

I, Martin Coszta, do declare on oath, that it is bona fide my
intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to
renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign
Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatever, and
particularly to the Emperor of Austria, of whom I am a subject.

Martin COSZTA.

Sworn this 31st day of July, 1852.
George W. RIBLET, _Clerk_.

Clerk's Office, Court of Common Pleas,
For the City and County of New York.

I certify that the foregoing is a true copy of an original
Declaration of Intention, remaining of record in my office.

In witness whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name, and
affixed the seal of said Court, this 31st day of July, 1852.

[L. S.] George W. RIBLET, _Clerk_.

_____

_Agreement between the Consul-General of Austria and the Consul of the United States of America._

Smyrne le 2 Juillet, 1853.

Les Soussignés Consul Général d'Autriche et Consul des États-Unis
d'Amérique, prient Monsieur le Consul Général de Sa Majesté
l'Empereur des Français de prendre en dépôt dans ses prisons le
nommé Martin Koszta (Martin Coszta) détenu sur le brick de guerre
Autrichien "Hussard" et dont la nationalité et par conséquent les
relations de protection sont en litige, entre les Ambassades
respectives à Constantinople, ainsi qu'entre les Consulats à
Smyrne.

Ils prient Monsieur le Consul Général de se charger de ce dépôt
aux conditions suivantes.

L'individu sus mentionné sera consigné dans la journée
d'aujourd'hui et au plus tôt possible par un détachement des
soldats du brick Autrichien qui le conduira au débarcadère de
l'hôpital Français, où il sera remis entre les mains de Monsieur
le Consul Général de France ou de la personne qu'il en aura
chargé.

Le détenu ne pourra communiquer avec aucune personne du dehors à
l'exception des Consuls soussignés et dans l'hôpital il sera
confié spécialement à une personne que Monsieur le Consul Général
de France désignera.

Les frais de nourriture et de maintien que les soussignés (p. 360)
laissent entièrement à la discrétion de Monsieur le Consul
Général de France de fixer au détenu, seront à la charge
du soussigné Consul Général d'Autriche.

Il est expressément convenu que Monsieur le Consul Général de
France ne délivrera le détenu Martin Koszta (Martin Coszta) que
sur une demande collective des soussignés.

E. S. OFFLEY, WEEKBECKER,
_Consul des États Unis d'Amérique_. _Consul Général d'Autriche_.

[Translation.]

Smyrna, July 2, 1853.

The undersigned, the Consul-General of Austria and the Consul of
the United States of America, request the Consul-General of His
Majesty, the Emperor of the French, to take in charge the named
Martin Koszta (Martin Coszta), detained on the Austrian
brig-of-war "Hussar," whose nationality and consequently whose
rights to protection are in litigation, between the respective
embassies at Constantinople, and also between the Consulates at
Smyrna.

They request the Consul-General to take charge of the detained
person on the following conditions:

The above-named individual shall be delivered to-day, and as soon
as possible, by a detachment of soldiers from the Austrian
brig-of-war, which shall conduct him to the landing of the French
hospital, where he shall be handed over to the Consul-General of
France, or to the persons designated by him.

The detained shall not be allowed to communicate with any outside
person except with the undersigned Consuls; and in the hospital
he shall be under the care of some one specially designated by
the Consul-General of France.

The expenses of boarding and keeping, the particulars of which
the undersigned leave entirely to the discretion of the
Consul-General of France, shall be borne by the Consul-General of
Austria.

It is expressly agreed that the Consul-General of France shall
deliver the detained Martin Koszta (Martin Coszta) only on a
collective demand of the undersigned.

E. S. OFFLEY, WEEKBECKER,
_Consul of the United States _Consul-General of Austria_.
of America_.

No. 68. (p. 361) PLATE LXIX.

_March 4, 1857--March 4, 1861._

James Buchanan. President of the United States, 1857. [Rx]. Labor
virtue honor.

PRESIDENT JAMES BUCHANAN.

[_Fifteenth President of the United States of America._]

JAMES BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 1857. Bust of President Buchanan, facing the right S. ELLIS SC. (_sculpsit._)

LABOR VIRTUE HONOR. A pioneer from the far West, his left hand on a ploughshare, explains to an Indian chief the benefits of civilization, of which he wishes him to partake. The American flag envelops both in its folds. In the background is a farm-house. J. WILLSON.

JAMES BUCHANAN was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. He was graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1809; and was admitted to the bar in Lancaster, 1812. He was a member of the State Legislature, 1814-1816; member of Congress, 1821-1831; minister to Russia, 1832-1834; United States senator, 1834-1845; secretary of State to President Polk, 1845-1849; minister to England, 1853-1856; President of the United States, 1857-1861. He died at his estate of Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1868.

No. 69. (p. 362) PLATE LXX.

_April, 1858._

James Buchanan, President of the United States. [Rx]. To Dr.
Frederick Rose, Assistant Surgeon, Royal Navy, G. B.

DOCTOR FREDERICK HENRY ROSE.

[_Kindness and Humanity of Doctor Rose._]

JAMES BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Bust of President Buchanan, facing-the right. PAQUET. F. (_fecit_).

TO DR. (_Doctor_) FREDERICK ROSE, ASSISTANT SURGEON, ROYAL NAVY, G. B. (_Great Britain_). Esculapius with his left hand is repelling Time, armed with his scythe, and with his right is offering a draught to the sick, one of whom is thanking him. Exergue: FOR KINDNESS AND HUMANITY TO OFFICERS AND CREW OF THE U. S. (_United States_) STEAMER SUSQUEHANNA. On the platform, PAQUET. F. (_fecit_).[116]

[Footnote 116: See INTRODUCTION, page ix.]

A. C. PAQUET was born in Hamburg, Germany, December 5, 1814. He emigrated to America in October, 1848, settled in Philadelphia, and was assistant engraver to the United States Mint from 1857 to 1864. He has designed and engraved a number of medals, of which the principal are: General Grant; the wreck of the steamer San Francisco; the Philadelphia cathedral; President Johnson; Doctor Rose; President Buchanan; the Cincinnati exposition; Melgareja, President of Bolivia; the secretary of State of Bolivia; the Sanitary Commission fair; Humboldt; Everett; Life-saving medal of the first class; Life-saving medal of the second-class; Robinson; four gold, and five silver dies for the Chili Mint, and four silver dies for Bolivia. He is still living.

FREDERICK HENRY ROSE was born January 5, 1833, and entered the (p. 363) British Royal Navy as assistant-surgeon, November 10, 1855. He was employed on the home station, on particular service on the North American, West Indian, and West Coast of Africa stations, until June, 1863. While in Jamaica in April, 1858, with the permission of his commanding officer, Admiral Sir Hewston Stewart, Royal Navy, he volunteered, at imminent personal risk, his services on board the United States vessel-of-war Susquehanna, on which the yellow fever had broken out, and sailed in her to New York, devoting himself to the care of the sick. For this noble deed Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. In 1866 Doctor Rose was placed on the retired list in consequence of ill health. He died at San Remo, Italy, March 31, 1873.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

_Resolution of Congress Voting a Medal to Doctor Rose._

_Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled_: That the
President be, and he is hereby, authorized and requested to cause
suitable acknowledgments to be made on the part of this
government to Admiral Sir Hewston Stewart, of Her Britannic
Majesty's Navy, and officers under his command, for their prompt
and efficient aid, and generous hospitality, extended to the
disabled officers and crew of the United States ship Susquehanna
on her late arrival at Port Royal, Island of Jamaica, with the
yellow fever on board; on which occasion, besides placing the
naval hospital, with an adequate corps of medical officers,
nurses and attendants, at their service, eighty-five of the
officers and crew of the Susquehanna were safely and promptly
conveyed on shore with the aid of the boats of the British
squadron, and the lives of the greater portion of them thereby
probably saved. And that the President be further requested to
cause a gold medal, with appropriate devices, to be presented, on
behalf of this government, to Assistant-Surgeon Frederick H.
Rose, of the British Navy, who volunteered, with the permission
of his commanding officer, to join the Susquehanna, and, at
imminent personal risk, devoted himself, on the voyage from
Jamaica to New York, to the care of the sick remaining on board.
And that the President cause suitable testimonials to be in like
manner presented to the medical officers in the British service,
in attendance at the hospital, with appropriate rewards to the
nurses and other attendants there, whilst occupied by the
officers and crew of the Susquehanna.

Approved May 11, 1858.

_____

_Captain Sands to the Secretary of the Navy._ (p. 364)

To the Honorable U. S. Ship Susquehanna,
Isaac TOUCEY, New York Harbor,
Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D. C. April 15th, 1858.

Sir: I have the honor to report to you the arrival of this ship
at New York, having had 155 cases of yellow fever on board, 85 of
which were left at the hospital at Port Royal, Jamaica.

For the information of the Honorable Department, I have to state
that after lying over one hundred days in San Juan De Nicaragua,
with an average sick list of about 15, the first case of fever
made its appearance on the 17th ultimo, then a second, then a
third, when I thought it advisable to put to sea, hoping that a
change of air would dispel the disease. After a few days the ship
returned off San Juan and anchored outside. She remained there
three days, with some slight modification of the fever, but it
again broke out with greater violence. I then got under way and
stood toward Aspinwall, expecting to meet the Jamestown,
Commander Kennedy, whom I had instructed to relieve us on the 1st
April, this ship to take her place, thinking that a change of
position might be favorable to the health of both ships; on our
way down to Aspinwall fresh cases continued to occur,
particularly among the lieutenants and engineers, the first and
second of the former being down, and others complaining. I now
determined, at the suggestion of the surgeon, to steer for
Pensacola; after standing for that port for some hours, and the
fever continuing to extend its ravages, there being nearly one
hundred down, at the request of the surgeon I changed our course
for the Island of Jamaica, where I arrived about 8 o'clock on the
evening of the 5th April.

The Admiral of the Port, Sir Hewston Stewart, on hearing of our
condition, kindly placed the Naval Hospital at our disposal, and
at six o'clock the next morning we landed 63 of our sick. I then
had to take coal and water on board, at Kingston, which detained
us a part of three days. The ship being now disabled, three
lieutenants and six engineers being sick, besides half the
firemen and coal-heavers, and many of the most valuable of the
men off duty, I shipped about 30 negroes, and agreeably to the
recommendation of the surgeon, I deemed it advisable to proceed
at once to a northern port.

The whole number of cases from the 17th March to 15th April was
155--85 of which were left at the Hospital at Port Royal,
Jamaica. There remain on the list to-day 34 cases. We have had in
all 16 deaths, among these was 1st Lieutenant Queen of the Marine
Corps.

Lieutenant Howell and four engineers were left at the Hospital,
doing, I hope, well.

Since leaving Port Royal we have had two deaths, and some
addition to the number of cases, but generally on approaching a
cold climate, all seem to improve and we have had no new cases
for the last 48 hours.

I beg leave to forward three letters from Surgeon Pinckney, who
was taken down in the commencement of the epidemic, also one from
Passed Assistant Surgeon Maccoun, from whom I have received (p. 365)
the most valuable aid, during this severe visitation. As I had
but one surgeon left, and fearing he might also fall sick
during the passage home, I applied to Admiral Stewart for a
medical officer, and previous to our departure from Port Royal,
he sent us Assistant Surgeon Rose, who kindly volunteered his
services.

I cannot find words to express my sense of obligation to Admiral
Stewart for the kind and prompt manner in which he placed the
Royal Naval Hospital at our disposal, and furnished us with every
convenience for landing the sick, nor to Dr. Kinnear, Deputy
Medical Inspector, and the medical officers under him for their
attention to the comforts of those placed under their charge.

I also take great pleasure in mentioning that Commodore Kellett
and Captain Hay of the "Indus" came to offer their assistance
with boats and cots to land the sick.

I have left instructions with Mr. Harrison, our Consul at
Kingston, relating to the sick at the Hospital, and have drawn a
bill on the Navy Department in his favor for $1500, to cover any
necessary expenses that might occur until further instructions
should be received from the Department.

I have only to add my great regret at being obliged to leave my
station without instructions from the Department, but the
circumstances of the case rendered it absolutely necessary.

I have the honor to be, &c., &c.,
Joshua R. SANDS,
_Captain United States Navy_.

No. 70. (p. 366) PLATE LXXI.

_March 4, 1861--April 14, 1865._

Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 1862.

PRESIDENT ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

[_Sixteenth President of the United States of America._]

ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 1862. Bust of President Lincoln, facing the right. S. ELLIS DEL. (_delineavit._) SC. (_sculpsit._) On edge of bust, PATENTED.

A civilized Indian is ploughing his field; his children are playing at ball; on a hill to the left is a log cabin; to the right, a church; beyond them, some ships and a steamboat on a river; in the background, mountains; above is an Indian scalping his enemy; below, the head of an Indian squaw weeping; on one side, a quiver of arrows; on the other, a calumet and a bow--opposition of civilization to savage life.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN was born in Hardin (now Larue) County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809. He settled in Illinois, 1830; was captain of volunteers in the Black Hawk war, 1832; member of the State Legislature, 1834-1841; was admitted to the bar, 1836; settled in Springfield, Illinois, 1837; was a member of Congress, 1847-1849; President of the United States (first term), 1861-1865; (second term), March 4 to April 14, 1865. He was shot by an assassin in Washington, April 14, 1865, and died the next day, universally lamented. He was known by the sobriquet of "Honest Abe" (_Abraham_).

No. 71. (p. 367) PLATE LXXII a.

_December 21, 1861, and July 16, 1862._

NAVY MEDAL OF HONOR.

A five-pointed star, tipped with trefoils, each point containing a crown of laurel and oak; in the middle, within a circle of thirty-four stars, America, personified as Minerva, stands with her left hand resting on the fasces, while with her right, in which she holds a shield blazoned with the American arms, she repulses Discord, represented with two snakes in each hand; the whole suspended by an anchor to two clasps united by a ribbon of thirteen stripes, paleways, gules and argent, and a chief, azure. On the platform: PAQUET F. (_fecit_).

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ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

_Acts of Congress Instituting Naval Medals of Honor._