Chapter II: Book I: The Medicine of Primitive Man

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I. PRIMITIVE MAN A SAVAGE 3

The Medicine and Surgery of the Lower Animals.—Poisons and
Animals.—Observation amongst Savages.—Man in the Glacial
Period.

II. ANIMISM 7

Who discovered our Medicines?—Anthropology can assist us to
answer the Question.—The Priest and the Medicine-man originally
one.—Disease the Work of Magic.—Origin of our Ideas of the Soul
and Future Life.—Disease-demons.

III. SAVAGE THEORIES OF DISEASE 12

Demoniacal.—Witchcraft.—Offended Dead Persons.

IV. MAGIC AND SORCERY IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE 26

These originated partly in the Desire to cover Ignorance.
—Medicine-men.—Sucking out Diseases.—Origin of Exorcism.—Ingenuity
of the Priests.—Blowing Disease away.—Beelzebub cast
out by Beelzebub.—Menders of Souls.—“Bringing up the Devil.”—Diseases
and Medicines.—Fever Puppets.—Amulets.—Totemism
and Medicine.

V. PRIMITIVE MEDICINE 33

Bleeding.—Scarification.—Use of Medicinal Herbs amongst the
Aborigines of Australia, South America, Africa, etc.

VI. PRIMITIVE SURGERY 40

Arrest of Bleeding.—The Indian as Surgeon.—Stretchers, Splints,
and Flint Instruments.—Ovariotomy.—Brain Surgery.—Massage.—Trepanning.
—The Cæsarean Operation.—Inoculation.

VII. UNIVERSALITY OF THE USE OF INTOXICANTS 46

Egyptian Beer and Brandy.—Mexican Pulque.—Plant-worship.—Union
with the Godhead by Alcohol.—Soma.—The Cow-religion.—Caxiri.—Murwa
Beer.—Bacchic Rites.—Spiritual Exaltation by
Wine.

VIII. CUSTOMS CONNECTED WITH PREGNANCY AND CHILD-BEARING 51

The Couvade, its Prevalence in Savage and Civilized Lands.—Pregnant
Women excluded from Kitchens.—The Deities of the
Lying-in Chamber.