Chapter VI: Book V: The Dawn of Modern Scientific Medicine

I. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 345

The Dawn of Modern Science.—The Reformation of Medicine.—Paracelsus.
—The Sceptics.—The Protestantism of Science.—Influenza.—Legal
Recognition of Medicine in England.—The
Barber-Surgeons.—The Sweating Sickness.—Origin of the Royal
College of Physicians of London.—“Merry Andrew.”—Origin of
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.—Caius.—Low State of Midwifery.—The
Great Continental Anatomists.—Vesalius.—Servetus.—Paré.—Influence
of the Reformation.—The Rosicrucians.—Touching for the
Evil.—Vivisection of Human Beings.—Origin of Legal Medicine.

II. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 377

Bacon and the Inductive Method.—Descartes and Physiology.—Newton.
—Boyle and the Royal Society.—The Founders of the
Schools of Medical Science.—Sydenham, the English Hippocrates.—Harvey
and the Rise of Physiology.—The Microscope in Medicine.—Willis
and the Reform of Materia Medica.

III. SKATOLOGICAL MEDICINE AND THE REFORM OF PHARMACOLOGY 394

Loathsome Medicines.—Sympathetical Cures.—Weapon Salve.—Superstitions.

IV. BATHS AND MINERAL WATERS 400

Miraculous Springs.—The Pool of Bethesda.—Herb-baths.

V. WITCHCRAFT AND MEDICINE 403

Comparative Witchcraft.—Laws against Sorcery.—Magic in Virgil
and Horace.—Demonology.—Images of Wax and Clay.—Transference
of Disease.—Witchcraft in the Koran.—White Magic and
Black.—Coral and the Evil Eye.—“Overlooking” People.—Exorcism
in the Catholic Church.

VI. MEDICAL SUPERSTITIONS 413

Death and the Grave.—Sorcerer’s Ointment.—Teeth-worms.—Disease
Transference.—Doctrine of Signatures.

VII. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 418

The Sciences accessory to Medicine.—The Great Schools of Medical
Theory.—Boerhaave and his System.—Stahl.—Hoffman.—Cullen.—Brown.
—Hospitals.—Bichat and the New Era of Anatomy.—Mesmer and
Mesmerism.—Surgery.—The Anatomists, Physiologists, and Scientists
of the Period.—Inoculation and Vaccination.

BOOK VI.

_THE AGE OF SCIENCE._

I. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.—PHYSICAL SCIENCE ALLIED
TO MEDICINE 443

Exit the Disease-demon.—Medical Systems again.—Homœopathy.—The
Natural Sciences.—Chemistry, Electricity, Physiology,
Anatomy, Medicine and Pathology.—Psychiatry.—Surgery.—Ophthalmology.

II. MEDICAL REFORMS 464

Discovery of Anæsthetics.—Medical Literature.—Nursing Reform.—History
of the Treatment of the Insane.

III. THE GERM THEORY OF DISEASE 471

The Disease-demon reappears as a Germ.—Phagocytes.—Ptomaines.—Lister’s
Antiseptic Surgery.—Sanitary Science or Hygiene.—Bacteriologists.
—Faith Cures.—Experimental Physiology and
the Latest System of Medicine.

APPENDIX.

ON SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT MINERALS USED IN MEDICINE 486