Chapter L: Appendix: On Some of the More Important Minerals Used in Medicine (3)

[712] _Ibid._, in life of Rhazes, in _Imp. Dict. Biog._

[713] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 231.

[714] Berington, _Lit. Hist. Middle Ages_, p. 428.

[715] _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_, vol. vi. pp. 105-119.

[716] _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_, vol. vi. p. 119.

[717] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 233.

[718] Arabic writer, quoted by Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 221.

[719] Freeman’s _Saracens_, p. 4.

[720] _Ibid._, p. 6.

[721] _Philosophy of History_, p. 342.

[722] Chateaubriand, _Analyse de l’Histoire de France, Seconde Race_.

[723] Goodwin, _Lives of the Necromancers_, pp. 29, 30.

[724] Cap, _Études Biographiques_, Ser. ii. p. 326.

[725] See Whewell’s _Hist. Induct. Sciences_, vol. i. p. 305.

[726] _Decline and Fall._

[727] Mullinger’s _University of Cambridge_, p. 334.

[728] As Haydn gives them.

[729] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Anatomy.”

[730] _Rise and Constitution of Universities_, p. 157.

[731] Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 214.

[732] Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 216.

[733] _Ibid._, p. 217.

[734] _Ibid._ See also Dubouchet, “Documents pour servir à l’histoire de l’université de médicine de Montpellier,” in the _Gaz. hebd. des sciences med. de Montpellier_, 1887, No. 4.

[735] _Ibid._, p. 218.

[736] _Surgical Dict._, art. “Surgery.”

[737] Cooper’s _Surgical Dictionary_, art. “Surgery.”

[738] _In vit. Ric. pri._, p. 490.

[739] Strutt’s _Horda Angel-Cynnan_, vol. ii. p. 26.

[740] Wood, _Hist. Univ. of Oxford_, vol. i. p. 62.

[741] Henry, _Hist. Great Britain_, vol. vi. p. 114.

[742] Jessen.

[743] _L’École de Salerne._

[744] Laurie, _Rise, etc., of Universities_, p. 112.

[745] _European Civilization_, p. 216.

[746] _Storia docum. della scuola med. di Salerno_, p. 157, _et seq._

[747] S. de Renzi, _Collectio Salernitana_, iii. 325.

[748] Laurie’s _Rise, etc., of Universities_, p. 112.

[749] See Puschmann’s _Hist. Med._, p. 199.

[750] _Ibid._

[751] _Ibid._, p. 113.

[752] Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_.

[753] _Hist. Med._, p. 262.

[754] IV. 75.

[755] Laurie, _Rise, etc., of Universities_, p. 113.

[756] Laurie’s _Rise, etc., of the Universities_, pp. 113, 114.

[757] Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_, p. 146.

[758] _Collect. Salern._, t. ii. pp. 737-768.

[759] _Anomymi Salernitani de adventu medici ad ægrotum._ Ed. A. G. E. Th. Henschel, Vratisl., 1850. De Renzi, _Collect. Salern._, ii. 74-81, v. 333-349. Puschmann, _Hist. Med._, p. 203. Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_, p. 148.

[760] The whole coast between Salerno and Amalfi and the surrounding parts are some of the loveliest places in Italy.

[761] Puschmann, _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 201.

[762] Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_.

[763] See Dr. Haeser’s _Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin_, p. 290.

[764] Puschmann, _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 203.

[765] Meryon, _History of Medicine_, p. 162. See also Beckmann’s _Hist. of Inventions_, art. “Apothecaries.”

[766] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 263.

[767] Note in Baas’ _Hist. Med._, p. 263.

[768] Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_.

[769] To be precise, “M. Baudry de Balzac computes from 1474 to 1846, 240 editions of _The School of Salerno_. It was translated into French, German, English, Breton, Italian, Spanish, Polish, Provençal, Bohemian, Hebrew, and Persian. The number of manuscripts which contain this poem is more than 150.” (Daremberg, _L’École de Salerne_.)

[770] Iodine was not known at this time; and the virtue of the sponge, if any, was doubtless due to the iodine it contained.

[771] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 299.

[772] Puschmann, _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 206. De Renzi, _Collect. Salernit._, ii. 445, 513, 628, 650, etc.

[773] _Hist. diplom. Frid. II. imperat._ Paris, 1854. T. iv., pars. 1, p. 149, tit. 44, quoted in Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 207.

[774] _Hist. diplom. Frid. II._, op. cit. p. 235, lib. 3, tit. 46, etc., quoted in Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 208.

[775] A gold tarenus weighed twenty grains.

[776] Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 210.

[777] Aubrey, _Hist. England_, vol. i. p. 487.

[778] Art. “Astrology,” _Ency. Brit._, vol. ii. p. 741.

[779] _Médecine et Médecins_, p. 125.

[780] Tom. iii. p. 9.

[781] _Principles of Sociology_, vol. i. p. 53.

[782] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Bacon, Roger.”

[783] _History of Inductive Sciences_, vol. i. p. 341.

[784] _Ibid._, p. 342.

[785] Mullinger’s _Hist. Cambridge Univ._, p. 170 note.

[786] _Hist. Univ. Oxford._

[787] Or College of SS. Cosmas and Damian. See p. 234 of this work.

[788] Wood’s _University of Oxford_, vol. i. p. 293.

[789] Aubrey, _Hist. England_, vol. i. p. 426.

[790] Aubrey, _Hist. England_, vol. i. p. 682.

[791] Baas, _Hist. Med._

[792] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Anatomy.”

[793] _Ibid._

[794] Puschmann, _Hist. Med. Educ._, p. 246.

[795] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Medicine.”

[796] Hist. of _Univ. of Oxford_, vol. i. p. 444.

[797] _Ibid._, p. 446.

[798] _Ibid._, p. 447.

[799] _Epidemics of the Middle Ages_, p. 13.

[800] Hecker’s _Epidemics_, p. 96.

[801] _Ibid._, p. 100.

[802] _History of Inventions_, loc. cit.

[803] _Hist. Med. Superstit._, pp. 37, 38.

[804] _Loseley MSS._, p. 263.

[805] _The Loseley MSS._, p. 264.

[806] Bede’s _Ecclesiastical History_, B. v. c. 3.

[807] _English Chronicle_, p. 1,038.

[808] Stow’s _Chron._, p 381.

[809] _Horda Angel-Cynnan_, vol. ii. p. 71.

[810] _Ibid._

[811] Pastor, _History of the Popes_, vol. ii. p. 23.

[812] _History of the Papacy_, etc., vol. ii.

[813] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Leonardo.”

[814] _Hist. Epidemics_, p. 181.

[815] _Chronicles_, vol. iii. p. 482.

[816] Hecker’s _Epidemics_, p. 186.

[817] _Ibid._

[818] Hecker’s _Epidemics_, p. 118.

[819] See Beckmann’s _Hist. Inv._, art. “Quarantine.”

[820] Meryon, _Hist. Med._, vol. i. p. 339.

[821] _University of Oxford_, vol. i. pp. 564, 565.

[822] _Chronicles of England, etc._, vol. i. p. 273.

[823] Mullinger’s _Univ. Cambridge_, p. 168.

[824] Art. “Pathology,” _Ency. Brit._, xviii. p. 404.

[825] Vickers’ _Martyrdoms of Literature_, p. 169.

[826] Aglio’s _Antiquities of Mexico_, vol. viii. p. 234.

[827] _Ibid._, vol. vi. p. 526.

[828] Aglio’s _Antiquities of Mexico_, vol. vi. p. 272.

[829] Morley, _Life of Cornelius Agrippa_, vol. i. p. 213.

[830] _H. C. Agripp._, ep. 23, lib. i. p. 702. Prefixed also to all editions of the _De Occ. Phil._ (Note by Mr. Morley.)

[831] Whewell, _Hist. of Scientific Ideas_, vol. ii. p. 177.

[832] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 386.

[833] _De abditis rerum causis_, Florent., 1507.

[834] _Epidemics_, p. 218.

[835] 3 Henry VIII., c. 9.

[836] Dr. Goodall’s _History of the College of Physicians_.

[837] Aubrey, _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 535.

[838] _Ibid._

[839] _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 296.

[840] Munk, _Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London_, p. 1.

[841] Wood, _Hist. Oxford_, vol. ii. p. 862.

[842] I am indebted for the above facts to Dr. Furnivall’s edition of Vicary’s _Anatomie_, published for the Early English Text Society.

[843] _Captain Cox, his Ballads and Books._ Dr. Furnivall’s edition, published for the Ballad Society, p. ci.

[844] Pratt, _Flowering Plants_, vol. i. p. 91.

[845] Munk’s _Roll of the Royal College_, etc., p. 62.

[846] _Times_, May 20, 1876, p. 6. Hallam, _Literary History_, etc., vol. ii. p. 233.

[847] _Hist. Oxford_, vol. ii. p. 62.

[848] _De morbis contagiosis_, lib. ii. cap. ix.

[849] _Ency. Brit._

[850] _Literature of Europe_, chap. ix. sect. 2, 13.

[851] Portal, _Tiraboschi_, ix. 34.

[852] _Hist. Med._, p. 427.

[853] _Lit. of Europe_, chap. ix. sect. 2.

[854] Puschmann’s _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 305.

[855] Laënnec, _Diseases of the Chest, etc._, p 112.

[856] Meryon, _Hist. Med._, vol. i. p. 467.

[857] _Works_, vol. xiii. p. 394.

[858] p. 436, ed. 1827.

[859] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities_, vol. iii. p. 160.

[860] Furnivall’s ed. _Boorde_, Early English Text Society, 1870, p. 121.

[861] _Breviary of Health_, fol. 80 b.

[862] In Dr. Furnivall’s _Captain Cox_, published for the Ballad Society, 1891, p. 35.

[863] Evelyn’s _Diary_, vol. ii. p. 151.

[864] Notes to _Pepys’ Diary_, vol. i. p. 90.

[865] _William of Malmesbury’s Chronicle_, Book II. chap. 13.

[866] _Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain_, vol. i. p. 225.

[867] See for a complete history of the royal gift of healing Pettigrew’s _Medical Superstitions_, p. 117.

[868] Meryon, _Hist. Med._, vol. i. p. 423.

[869] Hakluyt’s _Voyages_, vol. iii. p. 280.

[870] _Description of England_, chap. xix.

[871] See Gamgee, “Third Historical Fragment,” in _Lancet_, 1876.

[872] Cap. _Études Biographiques_, sec. i. pp. 84-89.

[873] _Cornelius Agrippa_, vol. i. p. 62.

[874] _Ency. Brit._, vol. xv. p. 782.

[875] See the article on Bacon in _Ency. Brit._, vol. iii. p. 217.

[876] Œuvres, iii. 24.

[877] _Ibid._, vi. 234.

[878] _Ibid._, vi. 89.

[879] _Ibid._, ix. 426.

[880] Œuvres, x. 204.

[881] _Ibid._, iv. 452 and 454.

[882] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Descartes.”

[883] Wood, _Hist. Oxford_, vol. ii. p. 883.

[884] _Ibid._

[885] See Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. i. p. 212.

[886] Munk, _Roll of the R.C.P., etc._, p. 281.

[887] _Philosophical Transactions_, May 7th, 1666.

[888] Dr. Latham’s _Life of Sydenham_.

[889] _Ibid._

[890] _De Spiritu_, v. 1078. There is some doubt as to the genuineness of this work.

[891] Whewell, _Hist. Induct. Sciences_, vol. iii. p. 394.

[892] _Ibid._

[893] _Christianismi Restitutio_ (1553).

[894] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Harvey.”

[895] _De Re Anatomica_ (1559).

[896] Whewell, _loc. cit._

[897] Sylvius discovered their existence; but Fabricius remarked that they were all turned towards the heart.

[898] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Harvey.”

[899] _Generation of Animals._

[900] Harvey, _On the Circulation_. Dr. Bowie’s edit.

[901] Harvey, _On the Circulation of the Blood_. Bohn’s edit., revised by Dr. Bowie, 1889.

[902] Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. i. p. 206. Willis, _Anatomy of the Brain_, chaps. xv.-xvii.

[903] _Pharmaceutike Rationalis_, London, 1675. Præfatio.

[904] Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. ii. p. 546.

[905] _Ibid._, p. 547.

[906] _Life of Cullen_, vol. ii. p. 536.

[907] Cooper’s _Surgical Dictionary_, p. 773.

[908] Cap. _Études Biographiques_, Ser. i. p. 120.

[909] See _British Medical Journal_, June 11, 1892, p. 1263.

[910] Baas’ _Hist. Med._, p. 159.

[911] _Ibid._

[912] _Ibid._, p. 184.

[913] _Ibid._, p. 187.

[914] _The Doctor_, p. 39.

[915] _Denmark, Hygiene and Demography_, p. 57.

[916] _Hist. Med._, p. 517.

[917] _Ibid._, p. 545.

[918] _Ibid._, p. 547.

[919] Gomme, _Ethnology in Folklore_, p. 114.

[920] Dyer, _English Folklore_, p. 150.

[921] Rogers, _Social Life in Scotland_, iii. 226.

[922] Gomme, _Ethnology in Folklore_, pp. 114, 115. Dyer, _English Folklore_, p. 147. Rogers, _Social Life in Scotland_, iii. 225.

[923] Boyle, _Porousness of Animal Bodies_. Works, vol. iv. p. 767. Floyer, _Touchstone of Medicines_, vol. i. p. 154.

[924] _Medical Superstitions_, p. 161.

[925] Sir K. Digby, _Powder of Sympathy_, p. 97.

[926] _Ibid._, p. 76.

[927] Pettigrew’s _Medical Superstitions_, p. 155.

[928] _Pers. Narr._, iv. 195.

[929] _Himalayan Journals_, ed. 1891, p. 371.

[930] _Ibid._, p. 214.

[931] _Medica Sacra_, p. 62.

[932] Pliny, _Nat. Hist._, bk. xxxi. c. 32.

[933] _Pharmaceutical Journal._

[934] John Russell’s _Boke of Nurture_, 991-1000.

[935] Pellitory of the wall, which abounds in nitrate of potass.

[936] Probably _Peucedanum officinale_.

[937] Danewort.

[938] St. John’s wort.

[939] Centaury.

[940] Plantain.

[941] _Glechoma hederacea._

[942] _Galium Aparine_, prescribed in _Leechdoms_, v. 2, p. 345, for a “salve against the elfin race and nocturnal [goblin] visitors, and for the woman with whom the devil hath carnal commerce.”

[943] Avens.

[944] Bruise wort, pimpernel, or perhaps for Hembriswort, daisy.

[945] Smallage, or wild-water parsley.

[946] Brooklime.

[947] Scabious.

[948] John Russell’s _Boke of Nurture_, Harl. MS. 4011, Fol. 171. The notes are from Dr. Furnivall’s edition.

[949] _State Trials_, 951.

[950] Dr. E. B. Tylor, art. “Magic,” _Ency. Brit._ See Ellis, _Polynesian Researches_; Turner, _Nineteen Years in Polynesia_; Polack, _Manners and Customs of New Zealanders_; Waitz, vols. v., vi.; all works mentioned by Dr. Tylor.

[951] Saxon _Leechdoms_, vol. i. Pref., xxxii.

[952] _Nat. Hist._, Book xxx. chap. i.

[953] Goodwin, _Lives of the Necromancers_, pp. 127-132.

[954] _Heroid._, vi. 91.

“Simulacraque cerea fingit,
Et miserum tenuis in jecur urget acus.”

[955] Gordon Cumming’s _Wanderings in China_, vol. i. p. 336.

[956] Vol. i. p. 336. See also _In the Hebrides_, pp. 263-265. C. F. Gordon-Cumming.

[957] _Ethnology in Folklore_, p. 51.

[958] Plato, _Laws_, lib. xi.

[959] _Nat. Hist._, Book xxviii. ch. 24.

[960] _Ethnology in Folklore_, p. 87.

[961] Idyl ii.

[962] Hecker’s _Epidemics_, p. 102.

[963] Book xxi. 92.

[964] Book xxiv. 42.

[965] Sir James Emerson Tennent’s _Ceylon_, vol. ii. p. 545.

[966] _Custom and Myth_, p. 200.

[967] _Ibid._, p. 169.

[968] _Records of the Past_, vol. iii. p. 141.

[969] _Saxon Leechdoms._

[970] Eynatten, _Manualis Exorcismorum_, 1619, p. 220, quoted in _Saxon Leechdoms_, vol. i. Preface, p. xliv.

[971] _Short Discoverie_, etc., 4to, London, 1612, p. 71.

[972] Brand’s _Popular Antiquities_, 1842, vol. iii. p. 6.

[973] London, 1886, p. 167.

[974] _Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie._

[975] _Mysteries of Magic_, Waite, pp. 167, 168.

[976] _Daily Chronicle_, June 11th, 1892.

[977] Simpson, “Ancient Buddhist Remains in Afghanistan,” _Fraser’s Mag._, New Ser., No. cxxii., Feb. 1880, pp. 197, 198.

[978] _Mysteries of Magic_, A. E. Waite (London, 1886), p. 135.

[979] _Mysteries of Magic_, p. 157.

[980] Dyer, _English Folklore_, p. 154.

[981] Denny’s _Folklore of China_, p. 51; _Irish Popular and Medical Superstitions_, p. 3.

[982] _Folk Medicine_, p. 99.

[983] _Notes and Queries_, 5th S., vol. vi. p. 97.

[984] _Folk Medicine_, p. 33.

[985] Pliny.

[986] _Primitive Culture_, vol. ii. p. 137.

[987] _Folk Medicine_, p. 41.

[988] Paris’s _Pharmacologia_, p. 51.

[989] _The Doctor_, p. 59.

[990] Vol. ii. pp. 175, _et seq._

[991] Whewell, _Hist. of Scientific Ideas_, vol. ii. p. 184.

[992] Whewell, _Hist. of Scientific Ideas_, vol. ii. p. 185.

[993] Περὶ ψυχῆς, ii. 2.

[994] _Life of Dr. Cullen_, vol. i. p. 102.

[995] Whewell’s _History of Scientific Ideas_, vol. ii. pp. 16, 17.

[996] Cap. xiv. p. 233.

[997] Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. i. pp. 177, 178.

[998] Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. i. pp. 177, 178.

[999] Cullen’s Works, vol. i. pp. 405, 406.

[1000] Thomson’s _Life of Dr. Cullen_, vol. i. p. 185.

[1001] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 750.

[1002] Works, vol. i. p. 442.

[1003] Thomson’s _Life of Cullen_, vol. ii. p. 134.

[1004] Munk’s _Roll of the R. Coll. Phys._

[1005] _Ibid._, vol. ii. p. 262. He published in 1765, _A Discourse on the Institution of Medical Schools in America_.

[1006] _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xlix. p. 477, and Munk’s _Roll of the R. Coll. Phys._, vol. ii. p. 282. This was one of the cases in which experiments on the lower animals have been of service to mankind. Mr. Spry’s character for veracity seems to have been re-established by them.

[1007] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 648.

[1008] _The Gold-headed Cane._

[1009] _Medica Sacra_ (1755), pp. 21, 22.

[1010] _Surgical Dictionary_, art. “Surgery.”

[1011] Resection is the removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or the ends of the bones in a false articulation.

[1012] Puschmann, _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 422.

[1013] _Hist. Med. Education_, p. 427.

[1014] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 677.

[1015] Munk’s _Roll of the Royal Coll. Phys._, vol. ii. p. 125.

[1016] _Ibid._

[1017] _Ibid._, p. 130.

[1018] _Literature of Europe_, vol. iv. p. 354.

[1019] Munk’s _Roll of the R. Coll. Phys._, vol. ii. p. 408.

[1020] _Roll of the R. Coll. of Phys._, vol. ii. p. 160.

[1021] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 713.

[1022] Published by the Pharmaceutical Society, 1880.

[1023] _Hist. Med._, p. 868.

[1024] _Letter to Hufeland._

[1025] _Medical Profession_, p. 93.

[1026] _Medical Profession_, p. 93.

[1027] _De Magnete_, p. 48.

[1028] Whewell, _Hist. Induct. Sciences_, vol. iii. p. 7.

[1029] _History of Inventions_, vol. i. p. 72.

[1030] _Ibid._, p. 74.

[1031] Laënnec, _Treatise on Diseases of the Chest_, p. 5.

[1032] A few only of the more prominent physicians, surgeons, and scientists are mentioned here; to do more would interfere with the plan of this work.

[1033] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Animal Magnetism,” vol. xv. p. 279.

[1034] _Voyage fait à Londres en 1814._ See also Cooper’s _Surgical Dict._, art. “Fractures.”

[1035] “Discovery of Chloroform,” in Miller’s _Surgery_, pp. 756-758, 2nd Ed.

[1036] p. 28.

[1037] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Insanity.”

[1038] _Hospitals and Asylums of the World._

[1039] Adams’ _Hippocrates_, vol. i. p. 77.

[1040] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Insanity.”

[1041] _Hospitals and Asylums_, vol. i. p. 62.

[1042] _Hist. Med._, p. 347.

[1043] Cruikshank, _Bacteriology_, p. 2.

[1044] Woodhead, _Bacteria and their Products_, p. 52.

[1045] _Opera Medico-Physica, Tractatio de Contagio, le Lue Bovina, de Variolis; de Scarlatina._

[1046] _Bacteria and their Products_, p. 59.

[1047] Schwann (1810-1882) discovered the influence of the lower fungi in causing fermentation and putrefaction, so that he may be called the father of the germ theory of disease.

[1048] _Manual of Bacteriology_, p. 16.

[1049] _Bacteria and their Products_, p. 328.

[1050] See Appendix E, _Cruikshank’s Bacteriology_, p. 414.

[1051] Cruikshank, _Bacteriology_, p. 192.

[1052] _Ibid._, p. 196.

[1053] Woodhead, _Bacteria, etc._, p. 327.

[1054] Parkes’ _Hygiene_, Introduction.

[1055] Baas, _Hist. of Med._, p. 1083.

[1056] _Lancet_, Oct. 29th, 1892, p. 1013.

[1057] Professor Charcot in the _New Review_, Jan., 1893.

[1058] See p. 320 of this work.

[1059] Charcot, _The Faith Cure_.

[1060] Baas, _Hist. Med._, p. 1100.

[1061] _Ency. Brit._, art. “Physiology,” vol. xix. p. 23.

* * * * * *

Transcriber’s note:

Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Where necessary to ensure consistency between text, references and the index, hyphenation, spelling and accents have been standardised, but all other spelling and punctuation remains unchanged.

The precise reference of footnote 662 is not known so the link has been placed at the earliest possible place on the page.