Chapter X: Xavier, San

American: mission of old California, closely allied to the San Borgia Mission, and classed as LAYAMON.

XEBERO.

AMERICAN: word for word, it is JEBERO; the languages, however, are different; so is the ZAPARA, which also seems to be the same word. The Cutinana, Paranapura, Chayabita, and Munich are classed as XEBERO. See “Mithridates,” vol. iii., p. 583. R. G. L.

XUMANO, _see_ CHOMANO.

Y.

YABU, _see_ YARRIBA.

YACANA CUNNY.

AMERICAN: tribe of Araucans. _See_ TEHUELET.

YAGBA, _see_ YORUBA.

YAGUA.

AMERICAN: Indians of Brazil; their dialect is allied to OREGONES.

YAHGAN, _see_ YAKANAKU.

YAHOO.

African: a form of the word DJABU. _See_ EYO.

YAHUA.

American: same as QUICHUA.

YAIRY-YAIRY.

AUSTRALIAN: dialect near Hastings River, N.S. Wales. J. B.

YAK.

A name for the Eskimo people.

YAKAMA, YAKEMA.

AMERICAN: same as JOAKEMA; tribe of Sahaptins. Grammar by Pandosy, 1862.

YAKANAKU.

AMERICAN: Pesherai Indians, natives of Tierra del Fuego. The separate tribes are named (1) Kamentes, (2) Karaikas, (3) Kennekas.

YAKHA.

Non-Aryan language of India, belonging to the Kiranti group, E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”

YAKHAIN.

INDO-CHINESE: native name for the RUKKENG of Arracan.

YAK-KUMBAN.

AUSTRALIAN: dialect of Darling district, somewhat allied to BORAIPER, spoken from the N.W. bend of the Murray northwards to Laidley’s Ponds, and S.W. to Mount Bryant. Eyre’s “Journals,” London, 1845. J. B.

YAKUMBA.

AUSTRALIAN: spoken N. of Warialda and in S. Queensland. Vocaby. by Ridley. J. B.

YAKUT, YAKOUT (JAKUT).

ALATYAN: dialect of the Sokhalar Turks of the Lena, closely allied to YENESEIAN. Grammar, &c., by Boehtlingk, St. Petersburg, 1851. ☞

YAKUTSK.

Alatyan: a dialect of TUNGUS, closely allied to LAMUT. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 76.

YALA.

African: NUFI dialect of the Gaboon.

YAMEA, YAMEO.

AMERICAN: dialect of Ecuador.

YAMKALLIE.

American: Willamet Indians of Oregon, closely allied to KALLAPUIAH.

YANESEI, _see_ YENISEIAN.

YANGARO.

African: dialect of Abyssinia, classed by Dr. Beke as GONGA. It has been suggested that it is the same word as ZINZERO. See Latham’s “Elements,” p. 544.

YANKEE.

ANGLO-AMERICAN: a corruption by native Indians of “_les Anglais_,” as used by French settlers of the English. See Bartlett’s “Dicty. of Americanisms.”

YANKITLAN.

American: MISTECO Indians of Oajaca in Mexico.

YANKTON, YANKTOANON, YANKTONAN.

American: SIOUX dialect allied to WINNEBAGO. Vocaby. in “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii.

YAOI.

American: CARIB Indians of Trinidad and Venezuela.

YAP (EAP).

POLYNESIAN: dialect of the Carolines, somewhat allied to ULEA.

YAQUI, _see_ HIAQUI.

YARKUNDI.

Alatyan: TURKISH dialect of Yarkund, Central Asia.

YARRA-BANDINI.

AUSTRALIAN: dialect of McLeay River (C. Hodgkinson). J. B.

YARRA-YARRA.

AUSTRALIAN: dialect of river so named; spoken for fifty miles from its mouth. The comparative formed by adding “un”; the superlative by “unun.” J. B.

YARRIBA, _see_ YORUBA.

YARURA.

American: JAPURIN Indians of New Granada.

YATSHVING (JACZWING, JATWAG).

Wendic: an extinct language of the LITHUANIC class.

YEBU.

African: dialect of the YORUBA class, closely allied to EYO. Sometimes used as a class-name.

YECONOACAMPAS.

American: VILELA Indians of Cordova.

YEKA, YREKA.

American: the SHASTA-BUTTE Indians, called Ho-te-day. _See_ SHASTI.

YELABUGA.

Ugrian: a local dialect of VOTIAK, largely infused with TURKISH.

YEMEN.

SEMITIC: local dialect of S. W. Arabia; also spoken at Cairo.

YEMUT.

TATAR tribe of Central Asia.

YENGEN.

Negrito: dialect of PAPUAN, somewhat allied to INDENI or NITENDI.

YENISEIAN.

ALATYAN: a dialect of TUNGUS, closely allied to YAKUT. Klaproth’s name for what has been known as the OSTIAK of the R. Yenisei.

YEPPOK.

AMERICAN: tribes of Patagonian Indians.

YERUKALI.

Non-Aryan language of India, classed as KHOND, and closely allied to the dialect of Gaddapur.

YESO, YESSO.

Kurilian: AINO dialect of the Japanese group.

YETE.

American: OMAGUA Indians of New Granada.

YEZIDI (JEZIDI).

KURDISH: dialect of the so-called “devil-worshippers,” from the ARYAN word “deva,” “to shine.”

⁂ Their real name is SHAITANI. W. S. W. V.

YLOKO, _see_ ILOCANA.

YO.

ARRACANESE: same as RO.

YOMUD, YOMUT.

TURKOMAN tribes of Central Asia.

YORK (CAPE).

Australian: local dialect, closely allied to MASSIED.

YORKSHIRE.

Local dialects of England. The chief varieties are classified as CRAVEN, HALIFAX (HALLAMSHIRE), MORLEY, SHEFFIELD, E. Riding, W. Riding.

YORUBA (YARRIBA, YEBU).

AFRICAN. It touches the Atlantic near the mouth of the R. Formosa, and on the frontier of Dahomey. It extends far inland, bounded chiefly by the Haussa on the north and the Nufi on the south. The following vocabularies are Yoruba, Dsekiri, Dsubu, Dsumu, Egbe, Eki, Idsesa, Ife, Ondo, Oto, Oworo, Yagba; Grammar by Bowen, Washington. 1858. R. G. L.

YPAPANA.

American: TOTONACA Indians of Puebla and Vera Cruz.

YREKA, _see_ YEKA.

YUCATECAN, _see_ MAYA.

YUCUATL.

American: native name of the NOOTKA or WAKASH Indians of Vancouver Island. _See_ TLAOQUATSH.

YUGIA-KARTA.

Malayan: dialect of JAVANESE (Balbi).

YUKAHIRI (JUKADSCHIRI).

Alatyan: language of certain tribes, now nearly extinct, on the rivers Omolon and Kolyma, in E. Siberia. The native name is ANDONDOMNI. It is allied to YAKUT.

YUKAI.

American: dialect of U. California, spoken on Russian River, and somewhat allied to KULANAPO and KHWAKLALAMAYU.

YULA.

African: KOURI dialect, closely allied to KASM.

YULE.

American: CHOLO dialect of New Granada, spoken on the Lower Atrato. R. G. L.

YUMA.

American: Indians of U. California; same as CUCHAN; class-name for the MOHAVE-CUCHAN, comprising Mahaos, Hahwalcoes, Yampaio, and Cocopah. _See_ PUEMAJA.

YUNGA.

AMERICAN: dialect of Peru, spoken on the E. slope of the Andes. Hervas calls their language MOCHIKA DI YUNCAS; Adelung, YUNGA-MOCHIKA; Rivero and Tschudi call it a dialect of the QUICHUA. Ludewig pronounces the language to be “totally different from the Quichua,” and he quotes an “Arte de la Lengua Yunga, &c.,” Lima, 1644, “unknown to the authors of ‘The Mithridates;’” he is probably right. He does not quote it as his authority. R. G. L.

YURACARES.

AMERICAN: spoken on the E. slope of the Andes, about 13° S.L. The Tucana, Maropa, and Apolista are stated to speak either dialects of the YURACARA or allied languages. R. G. L.

YURAK (JURATZ).

Ugrian: classed as a sub-dialect of N. SAMOIED. (Klaproth.)

YURIBA (JURIBA).

African: a form of YORUBA.

YURIMAGUA.

AMERICAN: Indians of the Upper Amazons, on the frontier of Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.

Z.

ZACAPULAN, ZACATECAN.

American: extinct dialects of NAHUALTAC. _See_ ZAPOTECAN.

ZACONIAN, _under_ TZ.

ZAMBOE (SAMBOE).

Term in ethnology; issue of African and native American Red Indian.

ZAMIAN.

Semitic: alphabetic system in SYRIAC, whereby the vowels are attached to consonants, as in ETHIOPIC and SANSKRIT.

ZAMUCAN, ZAMUCU.

American: a language of the Chiquitos Mission in Bolivia; dialects are CAIPOTORADE and MOROTOCO.

ZANGIAN.

African: large genus of Kaffir, classed by Dr. Bleek as BANTU.

ZANZIBAR.

African: geographical term for languages of the SOUAHILI class.

ZAPARA, ZAPARI, ZAPARO.

American: language of Upper Peru, but quite distinct from the ANDOA and SHIMAGAC of the same locality.

_See_ XEBERO.

ZAPIBOKONI, _under_ S.

ZAPOTECAN (CAPOTECAN).

AMERICAN: dialect of Oajaca, otherwise Oaxaca or Guaxaca in Mexico. _See_ ZACAPULAN.

ZAVOLAX.

A Russian compound of “za” = over, on the other side, and “volak” = a mountain range or watershed; as such it is a word like “transmontane” and “transalpine.” It applies most specially to the KARELIAN division of the FIN languages, as opposed to the TAVASTRIAN. R. G. L.

ZAVULI, ZAWELY.

Iranic: Zabulistan dialect of PERSIAN.

ZAZA.

KURDISH dialect of N.W. Persia, allied to BUKHAREE.

ZEALAND, NEW, _see_ MAORI.

ZEALANDESE, _see_ ZEUWISCHE.

ZENA, ZENEIZE, _see_ GENEVESE.

ZEND-AVESTA (LIVING WORD).

Sacred book of Parsees, containing the doctrines of Zoroaster. Editions by Burnouf and Westergaard. W. S. W. V.

ZENDIC, ZEND.

IRANIC: an early dialect, classed as INDO-EUROPEAN, and closely allied to SANSCRIT, embodying the sacred writings of the Parsees or “fire-worshippers.” The word Zend means “book.” The alphabetical system was written from right to left, and closely resembles the ancient PALAHVI. Grammar by Spiegel, Leipsig, 1867; by Hovelacque, Paris, 1869. _See_ PEHLVI.

ZEOKORE, ZEONE.

AMERICAN: dialect of Brazil.

ZERGA, ZERGO.

ITALIAN word for “cant” or “slang;” the modern form is GERGO. Sabio: “Libro Zergo,” Venice, 1575. _See_ FURBESCO.

ZEUWSCHE, ZEUWISCHE.

DUTCH: provincial dialect of Zealand.

ZIGANI, ZIGEUNER.

Names for GIPSY. Treatise by Pott, Halle, 1845.

ZILLAH.

Indian: trade jargon, spoken chiefly at Madras. It is formed of TELUGU, HINDI, and PERSIAN. Dicty. by Brown, 1852.

ZINCALA, ZINCALI, ZINGAREE.

ROMANY: names for GIPSY.

ZINZERO (GINGERO).

Ancient district of Abyssinia. _See_ YANGARO.

ZIPS.

Teutonic: local dialect of HIGH-GERMAN in Hungary. _See_ UNGARN.

ZIRIAN, ZIRIANIAN.

UGRIAN: dialect of Vologda; also called SIRJENIC. _See_ SIRANIAN.

ZOBEL (SABLE), _see_ OSTIAK.

ZOQUE.

American: CHIAPANECA Indians of Mexico.

ZOROS.

Tatar: same as DORBOT, classed in the W. division of MOGHOL.

ZOUAVE (SHAWI).

Sub-Semitic: same as KABAIL or SHOWIAH.

ZUDAKARA.

Lesghian: classed as a dialect of AKUSH.

ZULU.

African: KAFFIR dialect of Natal. Dicty. by Perrin and Brickhill, Pietermaritzburg, 1865; Grammar (Isizulu) by Grout, Natal, 1869.

ZUNGARIA, _see_ DSUNGAR.

ZUNI.

American: PUEBLO Indians of New Mexico. Vocaby. in “Pacific R. Report,” vol. ii.

ZUTUGIL.

American: KACHIQUEL Indians of Guatemala.

FINIS.

[NOTICE.—_Owing to the unexpected enlargement of this Book in course of printing, the_ APPENDIX _is necessarily postponed; and the more especially as additional matter has been received sufficient to make a second volume. And it will be proceeded with so soon as an adequate list of Subscribers shall be obtained_.]

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS.

A. H. B.—Mr. BLEECK, late of the British Museum.
C. T. B.—Dr. BEKE, author of “Origines Biblicæ,” &c., &c.
E. B.—Vice-Admiral Sir E. BELCHER, K.C.B., &c., &c.
J. B.—JAMES BONWICK, Esq., F.R.G.S., &c., &c.
R. B.—Dr. BROWN, President of the R.P.S., Edinburgh.
A. C.—ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, Esq., M.D., &c., &c.
H. C.—HYDE CLARKE, Esq., LL.D., F.S.S., &c., &c.
W. E.—Sir WALTER ELLIOT.
D. F.—DAVID FORBES, Esq., F.R.S.
W. G.—The Rev. W. W. GILL, B.A.
H. H. H.—H. H. HOWORTH, Esq., M.A.
R. G. L.—Dr. LATHAM, M.A., F.R.S., &c., &c.
W. G. L.—The Rev. W. G. LAWES.
F. W. N.—Emeritus Professor F. W. NEWMAN.
G. R.—The Rev. Canon RAWLINSON, M.A., Camden Professor, Oxford.
R. P. S.—The Very Rev. R. PAYNE SMITH, D.D., &c., &c., Dean of
Canterbury.
W. W. S.—The Rev. W. W. SKEAT, A.M., Cambridge.
G. T.—The Rev. Dr. TURNER.
J. T.—The Hon. JAMES TOBIN.
J. V.—Mons. JULIEN VINSON.
P. J. V.—Dr. VETH, Leiden, Holland.
W. S. W. V.—W. S. W. VAUX, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.
W. W.—The Rev. WENTWORTH WEBSTER, M.A.

ERRATA.

Page 21, line 7. “l” dropped out; read “small.”

Page 37, line 9 from bottom. Read—

BURRAH-BURRAH.

Also written BOORA-BOORA: a dialect of the Lower Murray R., Victoria; named after the negative, says Mr. Peter Beveridge. J. B.

Page 107, line 22. The reference “_See_ IGALA,” belongs to the article under IGARRA.

Page 253, line 18 from bottom. For “Swaefs or Suevi,” read “Suiones.”

LONDON:

PRINTED BY GRANT AND CO., 72-78, TURNMILL STREET, E.C.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.

Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added,
when a predominant preference was found in the original book.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.

Pg 5: ‘ne Lake Titicaca’ replaced by ‘near Lake Titicaca’.
Pg 22: ‘See Craufurd’s’ replaced by ‘See Crawfurd’s’.
Pg 31: ‘pp. 242-5-54’ replaced by ‘pp. 242-54’.
Pg 49: ‘See Sleicher’s’ replaced by ‘See Schleicher’s’.
Pg 55: ‘Gemeenzame Lamenspraken’ replaced by ‘Gemeenzame
Zamenspraken’.
Pg 56: ‘in the Carribean’ replaced by ‘in the Caribbean’.
Pg 98: ‘HAVAIIAN, HAWAIAN’ replaced by ‘HAVAIIAN, HAWAIIAN, HAWAIAN’.
Pg 109: ‘Gothischen and Deutsche’ replaced by ‘Gothischen
und Deutschen’.
Pg 121: ‘KAFIR’ replaced by ‘KAFIR, KAFFIR’.
Pg 161: ‘NEO-HELENIC’ replaced by ‘NEO-HELLENIC’.
Pg 168: ‘MASSACHUSETS’ replaced by ‘MASSACHUSETTS’ (twice).
Pg 168: ‘MASSACHUSET’ replaced by ‘MASSACHUSETT’.
Pg 184: ‘MURRUMBIDGE’ replaced by ‘MURRUMBIDGEE’.
Pg 198: ‘Grand Traverne Bay’ replaced by ‘Grand Traverse Bay’.
Pg 217: ‘POLY-SYNTHETIC’ replaced by ‘POLYSYNTHETIC’.
Pg 235: ‘Gagliari’ replaced by ‘Cagliari’.
Pg 243: ‘Fr. Cheynne’ replaced by ‘Fr. Cheyenne’.
Pg 280: ‘UNALASHKAN’ replaced by ‘UNALASKHAN’.
Pg 291: ‘WOLAITSA, WORARTSA’ replaced by ‘WOLAITSA, WARAITSA’.
Pg 302: ‘W. W. S. V.’ replaced by ‘W. S. W. V.’.

In addition the following links with the form ‘see ENTRY-NAME’ or
‘under ENTRY-NAME’ had the Entry-name slightly misspelled. These
have been changed to the valid Entry-names.

Pg 10: ‘TEXAS’ replaced by ‘TEXAN’.
Pg 30: ‘JURIPIXUNA’ replaced by ‘JURIPIXUNHA’.
Pg 31: ‘TAHITI’ replaced by ‘TAHITIAN’.
Pg 34: ‘SCLAVONIC’ replaced by ‘SLAVONIC’.
Pg 39: ‘MONGOYOZ’ replaced by ‘MONGOYO’.
Pg 41: ‘GUANCH’ replaced by ‘GUANCHE’.
Pg 48: ‘TICUNAS’ replaced by ‘TICUNA’.
Pg 57: ‘LEIF’ replaced by ‘LIEF’.
Pg 58: ‘MUNIPOORA’ replaced by ‘MUNIPOORI’.
Pg 59: ‘CHANO’ replaced by ‘CHANOS’.
Pg 62: ‘LENNI-LENAPE’ replaced by ‘LENNI-LENNAPE’.
Pg 65: ‘SARAMECCA’ replaced by ‘SARAMACCA’.
Pg 75: ‘MPONGWEE’ replaced by ‘MPONGWE’.
Pg 76: ‘SKOFFIE’ replaced by ‘SKOFFI’.
Pg 77: ‘MINNETARI’ replaced by ‘MINETARI’.
Pg 78: ‘KREEDY’ replaced by ‘KREDY’.
Pg 80: ‘UNALASKHA’ replaced by ‘UNALASKHAN’.
Pg 82: ‘PUEBLOS’ replaced by ‘PUEBLO’.
Pg 82: ‘TONGA’ replaced by ‘TONGAN’.
Pg 91: ‘MILCOKAYAC’ replaced by ‘MILCOCAYAC’.
Pg 98: ‘ALFURU’ replaced by ‘ALFUROS’.
Pg 103: ‘MALAGASSY’ replaced by ‘MALAGASY’.
Pg 105: ‘ILLOCANO’ replaced by ‘ILOCANA’.
Pg 119: ‘PASSAMAQUODS’ replaced by ‘PASSAMAQUODDS’.
Pg 123: ‘KUNAWAR’ replaced by ‘KUNIWARI’.
Pg 126: ‘MUNIPOORA’ replaced by ‘MUNIPOORI’.
Pg 129: ‘PARBUTTA’ replaced by ‘PARBUTTIA’.
Pg 129: ‘NISHKI’ replaced by ‘NESHKI’.
Pg 152: ‘CURRISH’ replaced by ‘CURISH’.
Pg 159: ‘MALAGASSE’ replaced by ‘MALAGASY’.
Pg 160: ‘HIMYARITE’ replaced by ‘HIMJARITE’.
Pg 164: ‘MANTSCHU’ replaced by ‘MANTSHU’.
Pg 165: ‘MUNEEPOOR’ replaced by ‘MUNIPOORI’.
Pg 169: ‘UAENAMBEU’ replaced by ‘UAINAMBEU’.
Pg 176: ‘SIBSAYA’ replaced by ‘SIBSAGAN’.
Pg 178: ‘OKKOURISH’ replaced by ‘OK-KOW-ISH’.
Pg 179: ‘KALMUCK’ replaced by ‘KALMUK’.
Pg 183: ‘MAHRATTA’ replaced by ‘MAHRATTI’.
Pg 193: ‘TLASCALTEK’ replaced by ‘TLASKALTECA’.
Pg 193: ‘TAALIK’ replaced by ‘TALIK’.
Pg 193: ‘NISSADA’ replaced by ‘NISSARDA’.
Pg 200: ‘HINDUSTANEE’ replaced by ‘HINDOSTANI’.
Pg 201: ‘RUSSNIAK’ replaced by ‘RUSSNIACK’.
Pg 203: ‘ONTHOGAMI’ replaced by ‘ONTHAGAMIES’.
Pg 204: ‘PAKASAS’ replaced by ‘PAKASA’.
Pg 208: ‘ALFURU’ replaced by ‘ALFUROS’.
Pg 210: ‘PADUCAN’ replaced by ‘PADUCA’.
Pg 215: ‘HIEROGLYPHICS’ replaced by ‘HIEROGLYPHIC’.
Pg 215: ‘PADUCAN’ replaced by ‘PADUCA’.
Pg 216: ‘TARASCA’ replaced by ‘TARASKA’.
Pg 216: ‘PATAN’ replaced by ‘PATANI’.
Pg 217: ‘PAPOLUKA’ replaced by ‘PAPOLOKA’.
Pg 230: ‘KIKKAPO’ replaced by ‘KIKKAPU’.
Pg 233: ‘PUEBLOS’ replaced by ‘PUEBLO’.
Pg 236: ‘RICCAREE’ replaced by ‘RICCARI’.
Pg 236: ‘SHAWNEE’ replaced by ‘SHAWANOE’.
Pg 238: ‘TEHUELHET’ replaced by ‘TEHUELET’.
Pg 240: ‘TREDICI’ replaced by ‘TREDECI’.
Pg 242: ‘KHYENG’ replaced by ‘KHYEN’.
Pg 243: ‘SHIAH-P’ replaced by ‘SHIA-PUSH’.
Pg 247: ‘SOKOTRA’ replaced by ‘SOKOTRAN’.
Pg 250: ‘PASSAMAQUODS’ replaced by ‘PASSAMAQUODDS’.
Pg 274: ‘TAKELE’ replaced by ‘TAKELI’.
Pg 282: ‘VEDDAH’ replaced by ‘VEDDAHS’.
Pg 283: ‘FERINGHEE’ replaced by ‘FERINGEE’.
Pg 284: ‘WEND’ replaced by ‘WENDIC’.
Pg 285: ‘FEJEEAN’ replaced by ‘FEEJEEAN’.
Pg 295: ‘YENESEIAN’ replaced by ‘YENISEIAN’.