Chapter CLXV (2)

The Bank question presented as an issue of the election by its
friends, 233;
two classes of friends, 233;
one friends of the President, the other against him, 233;
how the consent of the former was obtained, 233;
memorial for re-charter presented, 233;
referred to a select committee in the Senate, 233;
referred to the Committee of Ways and Means in the House, 233;
reason of the difference, 233;
motion to refer to a select committee, 234;
remarks, 234;
this measure entirely disconnected from the Baltimore
convention, 234;
"a select committee the proper one, 234;
the course in such cases, 234;
the question should not be taken up at this session, 234;
the stockholders left the application discretionary with the
directors, 235;
it will divide the whole country, 235;
the bank has been charged with using its funds and those of the
people in operating upon and controlling public
opinion, 235;
this of sufficient consequence to demand an accurate
inquiry, 235;
charged with violating its charter, 235;
other charges, 235;
memorial referred to Committee of Ways and Means, 235.
_Investigation ordered._--
Course necessary to be pursued by the opposition, 235;
to prepare the people to sustain the veto, 235;
policy of the bank leaders, 236;
reasons for taking up the investigation in the House, 236;
motion for inquiry made, 236;
manner in which the motion was treated, 236;
resistance to investigation, 236;
"a re-charter is asked, yet the friends of the bank shrink from
inquiry, 236;
the inference which might be drawn from this resistance, 237;
what is the ground of opposition? 237;
how the memorial was treated in the other House, 237;
result of the examination in 1819, 237;
three years after it went into existence, it was on the verge of
bankruptcy, 237;"
right of either House to make the inquiry, 237;
the misconduct of the bank in numerous instances, 237;
list of accusations against the bank, 238;
the friends of the bank obliged to declare in favor of
examination, 238;
modes of investigation proposed, 239;
restrictions proposed to the inquiry, 239;
remarks upon the manner in which the proposed inquiry has been
treated by the House, 239;
remarks on modes adopted by the bank for extorting usury, 240;
another mode makes the loan take the form of a domestic bill
from the beginning, 240;
effect of the debate on the bank with the country, 240;
speakers against the bank, 240;
advocates of the bank, 241;
the Committee of Investigation, 241;
its composition, 241;
three reports, 241;
their character, 241.
_The three per cent. debt._--
This a portion of the revolutionary debt standing at
sixty-four, 242;
money in the bank to pay it, 242;
the money retained to sustain the bank and the debt not paid
until it rose to par, 242;
remarks on the course of the bank, 242;
the loss to the people, 243.
_Bill for re-charter reported._--
Remarks relative to previous charters, 243;
former course of Webster, 243;
his defence of his present position, 243;
"the years that have passed, 248;
the effects of experience, 243;
action of Calhoun in procuring the present charter, 244;
the vote of Webster against it, 244;
his views, 244;
evils of a disordered currency, 244;
the small note currency cause of the small amount of specie in
the country, 244;"
the grant of exclusive privileges and the bonus required
opposed, 245;
remarks upon them, 245;
the present application of the bank opposed, 245;
"some years before the charter expires, 245;
now late in the session, 245;
not time to do justice to the subject, 245;
other subjects of more immediate and pressing interest must be
thrown aside, 245;
an unfinished investigation presents another reason for delaying
the final action of Congress on this subject, 245;
the people have no opportunity to make up their minds on the
information now printed, 246;
this question belongs to the Congress elected within the next
census, 246;
looks like usurpation on the part of this Congress, 246;
different representation in the next Congress, 246;
a charter should be granted with as little invasion of the
rights of posterity as possible, 246;
this question must effect the presidential election if not
decide it, 246;
take a lesson from the monarchical parliament of England, 247."
A motion declaratory of the right of the States to admit or deny
the establishment of branches of the mother bank within
their limits, offered, 247;
remarks, 247;
"if this amendment is struck out it is tantamount to a
legislative declaration that no such rights existed, 247;
decision of the Supreme Court on the right of the States to tax
the branches, 247;
this is the supremacy of the bank and the degradation of the
States, 247;
the argument that these branches are necessary to enable the
Federal Government to carry on its fiscal operations and
therefore ought to be independent of State legislation, is
answered by the determination of Congress itself, 247;
every thing is left to the bank itself except the branch at this
place, 247;
the establishment of branches is a mere question of profit and
loss to the bank, 247;
point of the question, 247;
motion rejected.
Motion to strike out the exclusive privileges and to make the
stockholders liable, 248;
"example of the Scottish banks, 248;
the excellence of their plan, 248,
clauses granting exclusive privileges, 248;
the establishment of any other bank by the United States
prohibited during the existence of the charter, 248;
this is contrary to the genius of our Government, 249;
the restriction upon future Congresses is at war with every
principle of constitutional right and legislative
equality, 249;
is this Congress to impose restrictions upon the power of their
successors? 249;
in nine months this Congress is defunct, 249;
the renewed charter will not take effect till three years after
the full representation of the next Congress in
power, 249."
All amendments proposed by the opponents of the bank voted
down, 250;
the interest of members of the Senate as stockholders, 250;
bill passed in the Senate and House, 250.
_The Veto._--
"If this government sells exclusive privileges, it should at
least exact for them as much as they are worth in the
market, 251;
the present value of the monopoly is seventeen millions, and the
act proposes to sell it for three, 251;
how can the present stockholders have any claim to the special
favor of the Government? 251;
this act does not permit competition in the purchase of this
monopoly, 251;
not just to set others aside and grant this privilege to the few
who have been fortunate enough to secure the stock, 251;
"the force of precedents for constitutionality argued
against, 252;
decision of the Supreme Court, 252;
examined 252;
remarks, 252;
"precedence is a dangerous source of authority, and should not
be regarded as deciding questions of constitutional
power except where the acquiescence of the people and the
States is well settled, 253;
precedents are really against the bank, 253;
if the opinion of the Supreme Court covered the whole ground of
this act, it ought not to control the coordinate
authorities of this Government, 253;
in the case relied on, the Supreme Court have not decided that
all the features of this corporation are compatible with
the constitution, 253;
the misconduct of the institution, both in conducting its
business and in resisting investigation, 253;
suspicions are entertained and charges made of gross violations
of the charter, 253;
the recommendation of a majority of the committee, 253;
additional reason for less haste and more caution, 253."
The great speeches from the advocates of the bank now made to
repel the effects of the veto, 254;
a transfer of the question to the political arena, 254;
to the presidential election, 254;
frightful distress predicted, and a change of the chief
magistrate the only means of averting the calamity, 254;
remarks of Webster on this point, 254;
remarks of White upon the bank taking the lead of a political
party, 254;
the distress pictured by Clayton, 254;
the winding up of the bank, with regard to time, 255;
case of the previous bank, 255;
menace of distress from the bank if denied a renewal, entirety
gratuitous, 255;
vehement declamation against the veto, 255;
remarks of Clay on the veto power, 255;
reply of Benton, 255;
objects of the vetoes of the French king, 256;
"the fable of the cat and the eagle, 256;
why debate the bank question, now it is vetoed, and not debate
it before? 257;
the bank is finished, why debate it now? 257;
the bank is in the field, fearful and tremendous combatant in
the presidential election, 257;
the Great West is selected as the theatre of her
operations, 257;
ruin is to be the punishment of the West, if she votes for
Jackson, 257;
the bank debt has been created for electioneering purposes, 258;
this point examined, 258;
the establishment of several new branches and the promise of
more, 259;
the alleged necessity for the prompt and vigorous collection of
this debt, if the charter is not renewed, 259;
the opinion of the Senator from Kentucky, about the legality of
this trust, 259;
once in every ten years the capital of this debt is paid in
interest, 259;
the ruinous drain of capital in hard money from the West, 259;
the old banks of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee, defended from
the aspersions cast on them, 260;
manner in which the charter was pushed through, pending an
investigation, 260;
the foreign stockholders of the bank, 260;
the bank a monopoly, 261;
English authority for calling the Bank of England a monopoly,
and the British bank in America is copied from it, 261;
the President's idea of his oath, 261;
his independence in construing the constitution, 262;
the drain upon the resources of the West, made by the bank, 262;
address to the Jackson bank men, 262;
address to the West, 262;
the dangerous power of the bank and the present audacity of her
conduct, 263."
"Dissatisfaction expressed that the speeches of some Senators fill
the galleries, and those of others empty them, 263;
charged with a want of courtesy to the President, 263;
charges of the Senator from Missouri, once against the
President, 263.
"No adjourned question of veracity between the Senator from
Missouri and the President, 264;
the prediction charged upon the Senator from Missouri, 264;"
further debate, 264;
direful picture of distress drawn, 265.
_Delay in paying the three per cents._--
Message recommended that the United States stock should be sold,
and that a committee be appointed to investigate its
condition, 287;
referred to a special committee of friends of the bank, 287;
objected that the committee should not proceed until the report
of the agent of the Secretary of the Treasury was
made, 287;
its depreciation of the stock, 287;
this objection fallacious, 287;
the loss of the bank, by depreciation, stated at half a
million, 288;
nothing before the House to make an inquiry into the condition
of the bank desirable, 288;
eventual ability to discharge all its obligations, is not of
itself sufficient to entitle the bank to the confidence
of the Government, 288;
what was the Executive complaint against the bank? 288;
that it had interfered with the payment of the public debt, 288;
effect of the charges upon the feelings of the corporators, 288;
the report of the agent, 288;
the exhibit contrasted with its actual state, 288;
a large surplus presented for the stockholders, 289;
the report a mere compendium of the bank returns, 289;
proceedings of the bank with regard to the three per cents, 289;
investigation referred to the Committee of Ways and Means, 289;
report, 289;
public deposits reported entirely safe, 289;
resolution to continue the deposits in the bank offered, 289;
debate, 289;
the bank exceeded its legitimate authority in relation to the
three per cents, 290;
had the bank promptly paid the public money deposited in its
vaults when called for, 290;
proceedings of the bank, 290;
resolution carried, 291;
loss by the manner the three per cents were paid, 291.
_Sale of Stock in the._--
Sale of United States stock in all corporate companies
recommended by the President, 294;
partnership of government with corporations condemned, 294;
bill introduced, 294;
moved to reject it, 294;
debate, 294;
indication at this persecution of a national institution, 294;
indignities to which members were subjected who presumed to take
any step concerning the bank which militated against that
corporation, 295;
a plain business proceeding, 295;
an isolated proposition, 295;
the bill summarily rejected, 295;
fifty members borrowers of the bank, 296;
the same thing had happened once before, 296;
proposed in 1827 to sell the stock solely on the ground of
public advantage, 296;
remarks on this proposition at the time, 296;
reflections, 296.
_Removal of the Deposits._--
Order for removal issued by the Secretary of the Treasury, 373;
the President's own message, 374;
reports of directors to the President, 374;
extracts from them, 374, 375;
resolutions adopted by the board, 376;
further outrages of the bank, 376;
the exchange committee of the banks, 376;
paper read by President Jackson to his Cabinet, 376;
extracts, 377, 378;
impression produced by the removal, 379.
_Proceedings of the Bank on the removal of the Deposits._--
The reference of the President's paper to a committee, 379;
report, 379;
extracts, 379;
its temper, 379;
gives the lead to proceedings in Congress, 380;
the violations of law and the constitution referred to, 380;
amount of the charges against the President by the bank, 381.
_Report of the Secretary of the Treasury relative to removal of
the Deposits._--
Reasons for the cessation of deposits in the bank, 381;
the duty of the Secretary, 381;
no prospects of a renewal of the charter, 382;
other reasons, 383;
the board of directors, 383;
authority of the Secretary to remove the deposits, 384;
the deposit banks, 385;
difficulty of obtaining the deposit banks, 385;
power of the Bank of the United States, 385.
_In the Senate._--
Report considered, 393;
proposed, that the Senate act upon it at once without the
intervention of a committee, 393;
the House the proper place to investigate the charges made in
that report, 393;
resolution offered, 393;
referred, 394;
report, 394;
remarks on the despotism of the committee, 394;
reply, 394;
report drawn by the counsel for the bank, 394;
inefficiency of the resolution, 395;
no action proposed, 395;
resolution adopted, 395.
Resolution subsequently proposed again with another requiring the
return of the deposits to the bank, 396;
remarks, 396;
impropriety of the resolutions so near the close of the
session, 396;
other considerations, 397;
resolutions adopted, 397;
sent to the House and not taken up, 397.
_In the House._--
Report of the Secretary, memorial of the bank, and of the
government directors referred, 398;
report, 398;
adopted, 398.
_Government Directors, their Nomination and Rejection._--
Opposition manifested to four of the five nominated, 385;
resolution of inquiry into their fitness, &c., offered and
rejected, 385;
four rejected, 386;
no complaint against them except from the bank, 386;
rejected for the report made to the President, 386;
re-nominated, 386;
message, 386;
extracts, 387, 388;
question raised as to which was the nominating power for bank
directors, the President and Senate or the Bank and
Senate, 388;
determination to try this question, 389;
message referred to a committee, 389;
report against the re-nominations, 389;
the absolute right of the Senate to reject, 389;
their privilege to give no reasons, 389;
the general policy of making re-nominations, 389;
extracts, 389;
memorial of the rejected directors, 389;
extracts, 390;
their rights and duties as government directors, 390;
opinion of Alexander Hamilton relative to government
directors, 391;
opinion of Alexander J. Dallas, 391;
reasons why the motion to strike out government directors was
resisted when the charter was under consideration, 391;
they are the guardians of the public interest, and to secure a
just and honorable administration of the affairs of the
bank, 391;
the nominations again rejected, 392;
reasons kept secret, 392;
motion made to publish the proceedings, 392;
lost, 392;
remarks on the Report of the Committee of Investigation relative
to the Exchange Committee, 392.
_Call on the President for a copy of the paper read to his
Cabinet._--
Request to be informed if it was genuine, 399;
and if so to furnish a copy, 399;
Senate not the branch of the Legislature to call for this
document, 399;
uses to which the paper might be put, 399;
it cannot be rightfully called for, 399;
resolution passed, 400;
answer of the President, 400;
denied the right to call, &c., 400.
_Attempted Investigation._--
Select Committee appointed in the House to investigate the
affairs of the United States Bank, 458;
objects to be ascertained, 459;
authority given to the committee, 459;
right of the House to make the investigation, 459;
proceedings of the bank to defeat investigation, 459;
report of committee, 459;
extracts, 460;
treatment of their call for certain books, 461;
action under subpoenas, 461;
a warrant recommended for the apprehension of the president and
directors, 461;
the committee of 1819, 462.
_Investigation by the Senate._--
Since much ground lost in public opinion by resisting the
investigation of the House to retrieve the bank, an
investigation commences in the Senate, 470;
committee moved, 470;
view of this act of the Senate, 471;
the members of the committee defenders of the bank, 471;
the only semblance of precedent, 471;
called the "Whitewashing Committee," 471.
_Downfall of the Bank._--
Copy of resolutions of its stockholders, 471;
extracts from Philadelphia papers, 472;
report of the Finance Committee, 481;
its friendly reception, 481;
its contents, 481;
its declarations contradicted by Senator Benton, 482;
extracts, 482;
imputations upon the President, Vice-President, and Senator
Benton, 482;
committee departed from the business with which they were
charged, 483;
the charge of hostility to the bank on the part of the
President, 483;
defends the Secretary of the Treasury against the imputations
of the report, 484;
misconduct of the bank shown from recent facts, 484;
the abduction of a million and a half from New Orleans, 485;
the report _ex-parte_, 486;
reply in defence of the report, 486;
extracts, 486.
_See Jackson's Administration._

_Banks in the District, recharter of._--
Speech of Senator Benton, 658;
"the charters wrong, 658;
no bank of circulation ought to be authorized in this
district, 659;
none to furnish other currency than large notes should be
chartered anywhere, 659;
ameliorations in charters proposed to be granted in order to
render them less dangerous to the community, 659;
liability of the stockholders, 659;
bank stock to be subject to taxation like other property, 659;
to issue no notes less than twenty dollars, 659;
the charters to be repealable at the will of Congress, 659;
evil of small notes classed under three heads, 660;
the banishment of gold and silver counterfeiting and throwing
other burdens of losses upon the poorer classes, 660;
the basis of circulation throughout the country should be hard
money, 662;
the true idea of banks seemed to be lost in the country, 663;
the faculty of issuing paper money renders banks dangerous, 663;
progress of banking business is alarming and deplorable in the
United States, 663;
the burdens which the banks impose on the people, 664;"
recharter carried, 665.

BARBOUR, JAMES, Senator from Virginia, 7;
governor, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;
on the Virginia resolutions, 35;
Secretary at War, 55;
negotiates treaty with the Cherokees, 107.

BARBOUR, PHILIP P., Representative from Virginia, 7;
on selling the stock of the United States in the bank, 296;
his character, 296.

BARRY, WILLIAM T., Postmaster General, 120;
appointed Minister to Spain, 181.

BAYARD, JAMES, Commissioner at Ghent, 91.

BENTON, THOMAS H., instigator of the clause prohibiting legislative
interference with slavery in the constitution of Missouri, 8;
his first experience in standing "solitary and alone," 16;
views relative to the settlement of Oregon, 13;
first suggests sending ministers to Oriental nations, 14;
denounces the treaty of 1818, 15, 17;
moves amendment to the constitution, 37;
visit to Jefferson, 43;
offers a bill to occupy Columbia river, 50;
remarks on the treaty with the Creeks, 61;
on the duty on indigo, 97;
on the sale of the public lands, 103, 130;
on slavery, 136;
on the peroration of Webster, 142;
on the regulation of commerce, 151;
the repeal of the alum salt tax, 155;
on the Bank of the United States, 187;
his silence relative to the nomination of Van Buren as Minister to
England, 218;
letter to Van Buren, 218;
on the illegal currency of the Bank of the United States, 220;
on government expenses, 231;
against the exclusive privileges of the bank, 245;
reply to Clay on the veto power, 255, 256;
on the compromise tariff bill, 319;
on home valuation, 324;
on Missouri resolutions, 360;
on report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 393;
on the removal of the deposits, 406;
gives notice of the expunging resolution, 428;
on a gold currency, 436;
on public distress, 462;
on the Report of the Senate Committee to investigate the affairs
of the bank, 482;
relative to the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 524;
on the Branch Mints, 551;
on distribution of the proceeds of the public lands, 560;
on the memorial to abolish slavery in the District of
Columbia, 577;
on French affairs, 591;
on abolition petitions, 617;
on the Expunging resolution, 645;
on distribution of the land proceeds, 649, 652;
on rechartering the district banks, 658;
on Texas Independence, 670;
on the specie circular, 677;
on revision of the specie circular, 695, 701;
on the salt tax, 714;
on the Expunging resolution, 719.

BERRIEN, JOHN M., remarks on the treaty with the Creeks, 62;
attorney-general, 120;
resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181.

BIBB, GEORGE M., on home valuation, 324;
on the French spoliation bill, 487.

_Birthday_ of Jefferson and the doctrine of nullification, 148.

BLAIR, FRANCIS P., how led to establish the Globe newspaper, 130.

BLOOMFIELD, JOSEPH, Representative from New Jersey, votes for the
admission of Missouri, 9.

BOULDIN, JAMES W., on the admission of Arkansas, 631.

BRANCH, JOHN, Secretary of the Navy, 120;
resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181.

_Branch Mints at New Orleans and in the Southern gold regions._--
Bill reported, 550;
opposed by Mr. Clay, 550;
unwise and injudicious to establish these branches, 550;
indefinite postponement moved, 550;
no evil in the nullification of mints, 550;
the present one sufficient, 551;
the measure would be auxiliary to the restoration of the metallic
currency, 551;
remarks of Mr. Benton, 551;
"constitutional right to establish these mints, 551;
an act of justice to the South and West, 551;
give the mint five or six branches and nobody would want the bank
paper, 552;
the idea of expense on such an object scouted, 552;
for the greater part of the gold currency is in the vaults of the
bank, 552;
what loss has the Western people now sustained for want of
gold? 552;
in favor of measures that will put down small paper and put up
gold and silver, 552;"
postponement lost, 553;
other motions made and lost, 553;
bill passed, 553.

_British West India Trade, recovery of._--Account of this
trade, 124;
six negotiations carried on between the United States and Great
Britain on this subject, 124;
limited concessions only obtained, 125;
a primary object with Washington, 125;
his letter of instructions to Gouverneur Morris, 125;
a prominent point in our first negotiation in 1794, 125;
attempts of 1822 and 1823, 125;
remarks on the negotiation of 1822, 125;
effect of the word "elsewhere," 126;
attempts of Mr. Adams' administration to negotiate, 126;
effects of his failure, 126;
Gallatin's interview with Mr. Huskisson, 126;
despatch, 126;
facts communicated to Congress by President Adams, 127;
the case presented hopeless, 127;
the loss of this trade an injury to the country, 127;
the position of General Jackson, 127;
minister sent to London, 127;
reasons given for a renewed application, 128;
point of right waived, 128;
the trade recovered, 128;
the trade under the act of Parliament, 128;
the grounds of success, 128.

BROWN, BEDFORD, for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;
on the branch mints, 551;
on abolition petitions, 612.

BROWN, JAMES, Senator from Louisiana, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

BUCHANAN, JAMES, presents memorial of the Society of Friends, 576;
on French affairs, 590;
in favor of the admission of Arkansas, 630;
on distribution of the land proceeds, 708.

BURKE, EDMUND, on the sale of the crown lands, 102.

BURR, COL. AARON, _decease of_.--Brilliant prospects ending in
shame, 681;
in the expedition with Arnold, 681;
the opinion of Washington, 681;
position at the close of the presidential election of 1800, 681;
his character as regarded by his compeers, 682;
his talents, 682;
the fate of Hamilton, 682.

BURTON, HUTCHINS G., Representative from North Carolina, 7;
governor, 7.

BUSH, HENRY, Representative from Ohio, 7.

BUTLER, BENJAMIN F., nominated Secretary of the Treasury, 470.

BUTLER, THOMAS, Representative from Louisiana, 7.

C

CALHOUN, JOHN C., Secretary at War, 7;
on internal improvement, 22;
candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1824, 45;
rupture with Jackson, 167;
his friendship for Jackson, 218;
on the compromise tariff bill, 315;
on home valuation, 324;
offers nullification resolutions, 334;
on the principles of nullification, 335;
on distribution of proceeds of land sales, 364, 651, 709;
on the removal of the deposits, 411;
on the plan of relief, 484;
on the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 526, 527;
on the branch mints, 553;
on the combination of the slave States, 585;
on French affairs, 591;
on abolition petitions, 611, 614, 619;
on the independence of Texas, 667;
on the Expunging resolution, 728.

CAMBRELENG, C. C., on the Committee of Bank Investigation, 241;
on the fortification bill, 556.

CAMPBELL, JOHN W., Representative from Ohio, 7.

CANNON, NEWTON, Representative from Tennessee, 7;
governor, 7.

CARROLL, CHARLES, _decease of_; last of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence, 476;
fate of other signers felicitous, 477;
his career, 477;
not present on the day of signing, 477;
signed afterwards, 477;
incident, 477.

CARSON, KIT, application for a commission in the army, 183.

CASS, LEWIS, Secretary at War, 181.

CHAMBERS, E. F., against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

CHANDLER, JOHN, Senator from Maine, 9;
votes for the admission of Missouri, 9.

_Chesapeake Canal_ discussed, 22.

CLARKE, GEN., treaties with the Indians, 29.

CLAY, HENRY, Representative from Kentucky, 7;
efforts for the declaration of war in 1812, 6;
moves a joint committee of both Houses on the admission of
Missouri, 9;
often complimented as the author of the Compromise of 1820, 10;
selects the members of the joint committee in the House, 10;
his coadjutors, 10; movement against the treaty of 1818, 17;
on internal improvement, 22;
address to Lafayette, 30;
on public distress, 32;
lays before the House the note of Vivian Edwards, 34;
appoints committee on charges against Crawford, 35;
candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 44;
letter to Benton relative to declaring his intention previously to
vote for Adams, 48;
Secretary of State, 55;
Commissioner at Ghent, 91;
against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;
nominated for the Presidency, 232;
remarks on the veto power, 255, 256;
on the origin of the protective policy, 267;
report relative to the public lands, 275;
candidate for the Presidency, 282;
on the Compromise Tariff bill, 313;
on Kendall cotton, 319;
on distribution of proceeds of land sales, 363;
on report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 393;
on the removal of the deposits, 402;
on the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 525, 527;
on the bill to suppress incendiary publications, 586;
on distribution of land proceeds, 707;
on the Expunging resolution, 729.

CLAY, MRS., her appearance on the evening previous to the duel
between Clay and Randolph, 74.

CLAYTON, J. M., against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;
on the coming distress of the people, 254;
on home valuation, 324-326;
on French affairs, 594;
moves a committee of investigation on the Bank affairs, 236;
on the committee to investigate the affairs of the U. S.
Bank, 241.

COBB, THOMAS W., Representative from Georgia, 7.

COOKE, JOHN, Representative from Tennessee, 7.

COLES, EDWARD, publishes correction of errors relative to the
passage of the ordinance of 1787.

_Columbia River, occupation of_, bill to authorize the President to
take possession and occupy the country offered, 50;
object of the British, 50;
the British pretensions examined under their own exhibition of
title, 50, 51, 52, 53;
title as claimed by the United States, 54.

_Combination against General Jackson._--_See Bank of the United
States._

_Commerce, regulation of._--The power which is given to Congress by
the constitution, 149;
not yet been executed in the sense intended by the
constitution, 149;
views of Mr. Jefferson, of Madison, Hamilton, &c., 149;
remarks, 149;
the principle of the regulation was to be that of
reciprocity, 150;
mode of acting, 150;
object to carry out these views on the extinction of the public
debt, 150;
bill to revive the policy of the Madison resolutions, 150;
Madison's remarks, 150;
"the commerce of the United States not on that respectable footing
to which its nature and importance entitled it, 150;
situation of things previous to the adoption of the
constitution, 150;
effects to be produced by the resolutions proposed, 150;
advantageous position this country is entitled to stand in, 150;
our country may make her enemies feel the extent of her
power, 150;"
"bill proposed, 151;
to provide for the abolition of duties, 151;
the title of the bill, 151;
the bill, 152;
the first section, 152;
contains the principle of
abolishing duties by the joint act of the Legislative and
Executive departments, 152;
the idea of equivalents, 152;
in what way may the restriction on our commerce be best removed,
regulated, or counteracted? 152;
two methods, 152;
friendly arrangements, 152;
the plan proposed, 152;
benefits resulting from an abolition of duties, 153;
do not our agriculture and manufactures require better markets
abroad than they possess at this time? 153;
the merits of the plan, 153;
its success, 153;
advantages arising from a payment of the public debt, 153;
the treaties should be for limited terms, 154;"
remarks, 154.

_Committee_ on the charges against W. H. Crawford, 35;
on amendments to the constitution, 78;
on the reduction of Executive patronage, 80;
on the application of the bank for a renewal of its charter, 233;
House, to whom was referred the memorial of the bank, 235;
of investigation into the affairs of the U. S. Bank, 241;
to investigate the affairs of the bank, 458, 470;
on incendiary publications, 580;
on abolition petitions, 621.

_Congress_, 22d, its members, 208;
their talent, 208;
commencement of 24th, 568;
when does the term of its session expire? 598, 599.

COOK, DANIEL P., Representative from Illinois, 7.

CRAWFORD, WILLIAM H., Secretary of the Treasury, 7;
devises a measure of relief for the public land debtors, 12;
on internal improvement, 22;
charges against, 35;
candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 44;
declines the Secretaryship of the Treasury tendered by Adams, 55;
letter to Mr. Forsyth, 182.

CRITTENDEN, JOHN J., on the recision of the specie circular, 698.

CROOKS, RAMSEY, founder of the colony at Astoria, 13.

CROWELL, JOHN, Representative from Alabama, 7.

_Cumberland Road_ discussed, 22.

CUSHING, CALEB, on the admission of Arkansas, 632.

D

DALLAS, GEORGE M., presents memorial for a renewal of the bank
charter, 227;
remarks, 227;
on the operation of the Tariff, 270;
on home valuation, 324.

DANE, NATHAN, claimed as the author of the ordinance of 1787, 133.

DANIEL, on the Virginia resolutions, 351.

DAVIS, JOHN, on the compromise tariff bill, 310.

_Debt_, public, amount of at the close of the second war, 5.

_Deposit Bank bill_, to regulate the custody of the public
money, 553;
bill once defeated in the Senate, 553;
sent up again and passed, 553.

DICKENS ASBURY, writes the answer of Crawford to charges against
him, 35.

_Distribution of the Revenue._--
These propositions first opposed and afterwards favored by Mr.
Calhoun with the salvo of an amendment to the constitution, 556;
committee of inquiry appointed, 556;
basis upon which the committee was proposed, 557;
first meeting and a sub-committee appointed, 557;
the report an ingenious and plausible attack upon the
administration, &c., 557;
debate on the report, 557;
expenses doubled from extraordinary objects, not belonging to
the Government, temporary in their nature and
transient, 557;
the distribution of the surplus and the amendment of the
constitution, 557;
distribution the only practical depletion of the Treasury and
remedy for the corruptions which an exuberant Treasury
engendered, 557;
no minority report made, 557;
custody of the public moneys not illegal, 557;
opponents of the Administration defeated the Deposit Regulation
bill, 557;
the report, 557;
"what is to be done with the surplus? 557;
existence of our institutions and the liberty of the country may
depend on the success of this investigation, 558;
danger from excess of patronage arising from excess of revenue
must be temporary, 558;
the Government in a state of passage from an excess of revenue
to a limited revenue, 558;
objects of investment, 558;
objections to distribution, 558;
effects of distribution, 558;
reasons for suggesting this proposal, 559."
Reply of Senator Benton, 559;
"proposition in the report to amend the constitution for eight
years to enable Congress to make the distribution, 560;
eclipses all other propositions, 560;
predictions from the same source of a deficiency of the
revenue, 560;
anecdote, 560;
the Treasury was to be bankrupt and the currency ruined, 560;
the amendment of the constitution, 561;
this scheme an old acquaintance on this floor, 561;
the statement of a surplus examined, 561;
report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 562;
it is said there is no way to reduce the revenue before the end
of 1842 without violating the compromise, 563;
sources from which a large reduction could be made, 563;
it is said there is no possibility of finding an article of
general utility on which the surpluses could be
expended, 564;
several useful, necessary, and exigeant measures, 564;
defenceless state of the country, 564;
fortifying the coasts, 564;
message of President Monroe in 1822, 565;
extracts, 566;
remarks upon the extracts, 566, 567;"
no vote ever taken on the amendment to the constitution, 567;
deficiency in the Treasury, 567;
distribution afterward took place without the amendment, 567.
Extract from the National Gazette attributed to Nicholas
Biddle, 649;
distribution nearly become a party measure, 649;
the plans proposed, 649;
remarks of Senator Benton, 649;
introduces an antagonistic bill, devoting the surplus money to
the public defences, 649;
making an issue between the plunder of the country and the
defence of the country, 649;
every surplus dollar required for the defences, 650;
bill passed Senate, 651;
sent to the House, 651;
course adopted to secure votes in the House, 651.
Scheme of deposit with the States, 651;
objections, 651;
vote on the passage of the bill, 652;
objections urged against the bill, 652;
attempt to debauch the people, 653;
consequences must be deplorable and destructive to the Federal
Government, 654;
the progress of the distribution spirit, 654;
the measure goes to sap the foundations of the Federal
Government, 655;
is it wise to throw away this money? 656;
nothing but evil in this fatal scheme, 657;
bill passes the House, 657;
feelings of the President on approving of the act, 657.
Moved that a bill be brought in to release the States from all
obligations ever to return the dividends under the deposit
act, 707;
motion condemned at the outset, 707;
laid on the table, 707;
Clay's movement to revive the land distribution bill, 707;
his remarks, 707;
a substitute reported, 708;
kindred schemes, 708;
Calhoun's proposition, 708;
debate, 708;
Calhoun in reply, 709;
proposition rejected, 710;
Allen's proposition, 710;
laid on the table, 710;
deposit clause attached to the appropriation bill, 711;
struck out in the Senate, 711;
lost, 712.

_Delaware._--Her position in relation to slavery, 10.

DE TOCQUEVILLE, errors of, 159;
errors respecting the House of Representatives, 205;
errors respecting Bank of the United States, 226, 228.

_Duel between Clay and Randolph._--
Interview between Randolph and Benton, 70;
Randolph declares he shall not fire at Clay, 70;
circumstances of the delivery of the challenge, 70;
reasons for refusing to fire at Clay, 70;
meaning of "two pledges" referred to by Mr. Randolph, 71;
conduct of Randolph, 71;
characteristics, 71;
Randolph's letter of acceptance, 71;
protest of Randolph, an explanation, 71;
further communications, 72;
remarks on Randolph's speech in the Senate, 72;
attempt of the seconds to delay the meeting, 72;
the report of Randolph's remarks made to Clay, 73;
inquiry between the seconds as to the cause of the quarrel, 73;
further views on the speech, 73;
"Puritan and blackleg," 73;
place of the duel, 73;
interview between Benton and Clay, 74;
subsequent interview between Benton and Randolph, 74;
Randolph arranging his worldly affairs, 74;
Randolph at the bank, 74;
the pieces of gold, 75;
manner in which the word was to be given, 75;
the preparations on the ground, 75;
an accidental discharge of a pistol, 75;
Randolph's remark, 75;
after the first fire Benton interposes, 76;
Clay's answer, 76;
Randolph's feelings and remarks, 76;
the second fire of Clay, 77;
Randolph fires in the air, 77;
reconciliation and gratification of the parties, 77;
the gold seals of Hamilton, Tatnall, and Benton, 77.

DUNCANSON, J. M., interview with Gen. Duff Green, 128.

DUVAL, Judge of Supreme Court, 8.

E

EARLE, ELIAS, Representative from South Carolina, 7;
Governor, 7.

EATON, JOHN H., Secretary at War, 120;
resigns his seat in the Cabinet, 181;
appointed Governor of Florida, 181;
Minister to Spain, 181.

EDWARDS, WELDON N., Representative from North Carolina, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

EDWARDS, NINIAN, note of, 34;
brought back from his mission to Mexico, by the
Sergeant-at-Arms, 35.

_Election of 1832._--
The candidates, 282;
a question of systems and measures tried in the persons of those
who stood out boldly in their representation, 282;
the defeat of Clay, 282;
the success of Jackson, 282;
the point and lesson of the Vice-Presidential election, 282;
the vote, 282;
Anti-masonic excitement, 282;
its result, 283.

ELLIOTT, JOHN, votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;
remarks on the removal of the Indians, 27.

ELLMAKER, AMOS, candidate for the Presidency, 282.

EUSTIS, WILLIAM, Representative from Massachusetts, 7;
of revolutionary memory, 7.

EWING, THOMAS, against VAN BUREN as Minister to England, 215;
on the specie circular, 694.

_Expenses of Government._--
Expenses from 1820 to 1831, 230;
comparison with the present day, 230;
remarks, 230;
"it is said that since 1820 the expenses have nearly doubled, 230;
excepting four years the expenses have not increased, 230;
cause of reduced expenditures in certain years," 230;
error in the basis of calculation, 231;
"two great and broad facts in view, 231;
expenditures for different years, 231;
object to show a great increase in a short time," 232;
important to know the correct expenses, 232.

_Expunging resolution_, notice of by Senator Benton, 428.
_Do. of Alabama._--
Resolutions of the General Assembly of Alabama, entreating their
Senators to use their best endeavors to cause to be
expunged from the Journal of the Senate the resolve
condemnatory of President Jackson for the removal of the
deposits, 524;
several States had already given instructions, 524;
inquiry of Mr. Clay relative to the intention of the Senator
from Alabama relative to the resolutions, 524;
reply of Mr. Benton, 524;
the notice given by him at the time of passing the condemnatory
resolution, 524;
reasons for giving the notice, 524;
answer to the inquiry of Mr. Clay, 525.
Remarks of Mr. King, 525;
"surprised at the question," 525;
bound to obey instructions, 525;
if the gentleman from Missouri declined, he should at the proper
time bring forward an expunging resolution, 525;
further remarks, 525;
Mr. Clay's remarks, 525;
"no motion accompanies these resolutions, 525;
the inquiry a natural one, 525;
a hope that the resolutions would be withdrawn, 526;
if, after consulting precedents, the Senator from Alabama should
deem proper to offer them, they would be entitled to
consideration, 526;
until then, his duty to resist such an unconstitutional
procedure as the reception of these resolutions," 526.
"Decline to accede to this proposition, 526;
object to carry out his instructions, 526;
at a proper time a distinct proposition would be presented on
this subject," 526.
Moved to lay the resolutions on the table, by Mr. Calhoun, 526;
object to give the Senator an opportunity to prepare a
rescinding resolution, 526;
curious to see how such a proceeding would be reconciled with
the independent existence of the Senate, 526;
how is it proposed to repeal a journal? 526;
the only course left is to declare that the principle upon which
the Senate acted is not correct, 526;
what is the principle to be overthrown but that "we have a right
to express our opinions," 526;
then it comes to this, that the Senate had no right to express
its opinion in relation to the executive, 526;
"the king can do no wrong," 526;
this is the very question in which the expunging our legislative
freedom and independence is to be agitated, 527;
a question or the utmost magnitude, 527;
none of deeper or more radical importance, 527.
The question on receiving the resolutions, 527;
the case of Georgia legislative proceedings, 527;
the case of Wilkes, in the British House of Commons, 527;
no doubt of the power of the Senate to repeal, 527;
have we not it in our power to retrace our steps when we have
done wrong, or to correct our journal, which asserts what
is not true? 527;
the democratic party of the country had declared the facts of
the journal to be false, 527;
the party to which Mr. Calhoun belongs, 527;
resolution laid on the table, 528;
reception and printing refused to a resolution of a sovereign
State, 528.
_Expunging Resolution of Senator Benton_, 528;
extremely distasteful to a majority of the Senate, 528;
characterized as an indictment which the Senate itself was
required to try, and to degrade itself in its own
condemnation, 528;
remarks, 528;
this bitterness aggravated by the course which the public mind
was taking, 528;
resolutions of several States had arrived, instructing their
Senators to vote for the expurgation, 529;
speech of Senator Benton on the motion, 529;
time of presenting the criminal resolution, 529;
length of its discussion, 529;
date of its passage, 529;
an announcement of a series of motions for its expurgation, 529;
this step considered for four months, 529;
was expurgation the proper mode, 529;
the criminating resolution combined all the characteristics of a
case which required erasure and obliteration, 529;
a case of the exercise of power without authority and without
jurisdiction, 529;
other modes of annulling the resolution not proper in this
case, 529;
they would imply rightful jurisdiction, a lawful authority, a
legal action, though an erroneous judgment, 529;
it is objected that the Senate have no right to expunge any
thing from its journal, 529;
it is said we have no right to destroy a part of the
journal, 529;
to expunge, it is said, is to destroy, 529;
not so, 529;
it is incorporated in the expunging resolution, and lives as
long as that lives, 529;
the case of the Middlesex election, 529;
the resolution to expel John Wilkes expunged from the journals
of the House of Commons, 529;
words of the resolution, 530;
annually introduced from 1769 to 1782, and passed, 530;
the history of the case not lost, 530;
the resolution adopted in the Senate of Massachusetts during the
late war, adverse to the celebration of our national
victories, 530;
expunged ten years afterward, 530;
the Senate tried President Jackson a year ago, now it is itself
nominally on trial before itself, but in reality before
America, Europe and posterity, 530;
the proceedings of this day will not be limited to the present
age; they will go down to posterity, 530;
the first President who has received the condemnation of the
Senate for the violation of the laws and constitution
which he is sworn to observe, 530;
the argument of public opinion in the case of the Middlesex
election, 530;
extract from Wilkes' speech, 530;
do. from Fox's speech, 531;
an English Whig of the old school acknowledges the right of the
people to instruct their representatives, 531;
acknowledges the duty of Parliament to obey the voice of the
people, 531;
the voice of the people of the United States has been heard on
this subject, 531;
the resolution should be expunged because it is illegal and
unjust, 531;
illegal because it contains a criminal charge, 531;
the first step taken in the House on an impeachment, 531;
the British Parliament practise an impeachment to which our
constitution is conformable, 532;
the injustice of the resolution shown, 532;
this point examined, 522;
the resolution vague and indefinite, 532;
the law should be specified and the clause of the constitution
violated, 532;
Giles' accusation against General Hamilton, 532;
different forms in which the resolution was presented, 533;
reasons of such extraordinary metamorphoses, 533;
opportunity for any Senator to speak who would undertake to
specify any act in which the President had violated the
constitution, 533;
the resolution was unwarranted by the constitution and laws, 533;
subversion of the rights of defence which belong to an accused
and impeachable officer, 533;
of evil example, 534;
speech of Mr. Macon on the vote of approbation, 534;
the resolution passed at a time and under circumstances to
involve the political rights and pecuniary interests of
the people of the United States in serious injury and
peculiar danger, 534;
this condemnation of the President indissolubly connected with
the cause of the bank, 534;
instructions sent to the branch banks contemporaneously with the
progress of the debate on the criminating resolution, 535;
extracts, 535;
six positions taken, 536;
no new measures to destroy the Bank, 537;
the President harbored no hostile and revengeful designs against
the bank, 538;
not true that there was any necessity for the curtailment
ordered in January, 539;
no excuse or apology for doubting the rates of exchange,
breaking up the exchange business in the West, and
concentrating the collection of exchange on the four
great commercial cities, 540;
the curtailments of these exchange regulations were political
and revolutionary, and connect themselves with the
contemporaneous proceedings of the Senate for the
condemnation of the President, 540;
the case of the Western branches, 542;
evidence drawn from the bank itself, 543;
extracts from Mr. Biddle's letters, 543, 544;
article in the National Gazette, 545;
the distress of the country occasioned by the bank of the United
States and the Senate of the United States, 546;
history of the reduction of the deposits, 546;
in 1819 the bank was unconnected with politics, 546;
further proof that the Senate and the bank, and the Senate more
than the bank, produced the distress during last
winter, 547;
two instances of the bank creating wanton pressure, 547;
the resolution which it is proposed to expunge," 549.
The expunging resolution laid on the table, 549;
called up on the last, 549;
motion to strike out the word "expunge" and insert "rescind,
reverse, and make null and void," 549;
the friends of the expunging resolution astonished, 549;
an expurgation of the journal would be its obliteration, 549;
inconsistent with the constitutional injunction "to keep a
journal," 549;
the mover of the expunging resolution yields, 550;
carried, 550;
exultation of Mr. Webster that the word "expunge" was
expunged, 550;
remarks, 550;
the original expunging resolution renewed, 550.
Remarks of Senator Benton, 645;
"the condemnation of the President co-operative with the
conspiracy of the bank to effect the most wicked scheme
of mischief exhibited in modern times, 646;
President Jackson has done more for the human race than the
whole tribe of politicians put together, 646;
his services to the country, 647;
no parallel to Jackson crushing the bank except in the Roman
Consul crushing Catiline, 647;
further remarks, 648."
Less than three years were sufficient to express public sentiment
in favor of reversal, 717;
notice of the intention to bring up the resolution, 718;
the resolution, 718;
remarks of Senator Benton, 719;
"the change in public sentiment, 720;
ascertained, 720;
how far should the expression of this will be conclusive of our
action, 720;
the terror of Jackson's administration and its effect for good
or evil on the country," 721, 722, 723, 724, 725.
Meeting of democratic Senators, 727;
final measures taken, 727;
debate on the motion to take up the subject, 727;
the speakers, 727, 728;
feelings of the opposition, 728;
expressions of Calhoun, 728;
feeling and expressions of Clay, 729;
Webster's protest against the act, 730;
resolution passed, 730;
the expunging done in open Senate, 730;
excitement in the galleries, 731;
dinner given by President Jackson, 731.

F

FARNHAM, RUSSELL, founder of Colony at Astoria, 18.

_Finances._--Distress of the Government in 1820, 11;
economy forced upon it, 11;
army reduced from 10,000 to 6,000 men, 11;
naval appropriation reduced one half, 11;
twenty-one millions more than double the amount required for the
actual expenses of the government, 11;
how expended, 11;
mistake to suppose an amount necessary to be left in the Treasury
as a reserve, 11.

_Florida, Treaty and Cession of Texas._--
Treaty of 1818, giving up Texas and acquiring Florida, 15;
its denunciation, 15;
action of Monroe's Cabinet, 15;
treaty approved by the country, 15;
points of the treaty, 15;
letter of Monroe to General Jackson, 15;
repugnance of the Northeast to see the aggrandizement of the Union
on the South and West, 16;
extent of this feeling, 16;
views of Jefferson and Jackson on the cession of Texas, 16;
Spain fails to ratify, 16;
negotiations revived, 16;
treaty ratified, 17;
movement against the treaty, 17;
change in the relations of Spain and Mexico, 17;
treaty with Mexico, 17;
three times ratified by the Senate, 17;
how the territory was got back, 17;
extinguished slave territory nearly, 17;
Indian treaties, 18;
largest territorial abolition of slavery ever effected, 18;
how received at the South, 18;
the inside view, 18.

FLOYD, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 7;
moves a proposition for the settlement of Columbia river, 13;
his character, 13.

FOOT, SAMUEL A., resolution of inquiry relative to public
lands, 130;
against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

FORSYTH, JOHN, on the donation to the Greeks, 63;
for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;
on the Compromise tariff bill, 315;
Secretary of State, 477.

FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE, against Van Buren as Minister to
England, 215.

_French and Spanish Land Claims, settlement of._--
State of titles in Louisiana on its transfer to the United
States, 219;
the treaty protected every thing that was property, 279;
the question was to apply it to the land titles, 279;
boards of commissions established, 279;
their operation, 279;
defects, 279;
the act of 1832, 280;
its first section, 280;
its successful operation, 280.

_French Indemnity._--
Special communication from the President, 588;
French fleet approaching the coast, 588;
implying a design to overawe the government or to be ready for
expected hostilities, 588;
remarks of the message on the subject of an apology, 588;
a private attempt to obtain a dictated apology, 588;
an attempt made to get this refused apology placed on the
archives of the government, 588;
statement of the message, 589;
the interdiction of our ports to the entry of French vessels
and French products recommended, 589;
nature of the treaty that had been formed, 589;
stipulated for reduction of duties on wines by our government
and the payment of indemnity by France, 589;
advantages to France, 590;
reasons of such delay on the part of France, 590;
extract relative to the French armament, 590.
Calhoun charges upon the President a design to have war with
France, 591;
Benton asserts that the conduct of the Senate at its last
session had given to the French question its present
hostile aspect, 591;
remarks, 591;
conduct of France insulting to us, 591;
an example from French history, 591;
a party in the French Chambers working to separate the President
from the people of the United States, and to make him
responsible for the hostile attitude of the two
countries, 592;
comments on the approach of the French fleet, 593;
the present state of affairs charged upon the conduct of the
Senate, 593;
defence of Senators, 594;
the Senate charged with the loss of the defence bills at the
last session, 595;
defence of the Senate by Webster, 596;
further discussion on the time when the second session of
Congress expires, 598, 599;
American arming declared to be war on our side, 600;
denied, 600.

_British Mediation._--
Message informing the Senate that Great Britain had offered her
friendly mediation between the United States and
France, 600;
suspension of retaliatory measures recommended, 600;
all points in the controversy involving the honor of the United
States excepted, 600;
motives of the offer, 600, 601;
reflections upon this subject, 601.