Chapter CLXV (4)

_In the House._--The theory and practical working of the
constitution in the election of President and
Vice-President, 46;
first election in the House that of Jefferson and Burr, 46;
ballotings, 47;
effect on the constitution, 47;
second election in the House that of 1824, 47;
proceedings, 47;
the democratic principle finally victorious, 47;
conduct of certain individuals, 48;
Clay expresses to Benton his intention to vote for Adams before
the election, 48;
letter of Clay to Benton, 48;
evidences of Clay's declaration, 48;
this election put an end to caucus nominations by members of
Congress, 49;
a different mode of concentrating public opinion adopted 49;
its degeneration, 49;
an anomalous body where the election is now virtually made, 49;
this destructive to the rights and sovereignty of the people, 49;
the remedy, 49.

_Presidential election of 1828._--The candidates, 111;
result 111;
vote of the free States for the slave-holding candidates, 111;
election of Jackson a triumph of democratic principle, 111;
errors of Mons. de Tocqueville, 112;
charge of violent temper against Jackson, 112;
"mediocre talent and no capacity to govern," 112;
"opposed by a majority of enlightened classes," 113;
"raised to the Presidency solely by the recollection of the
victory of New Orleans," 113. _See page_ 282.

_Presidential election of 1836._--The candidates, 683;
Vice-President elected by the Senate, 683;
details 683, 684.

PRESTON, WILLIAM C., on French affairs, 594.

_Protection_ to American Industry, origin of the question, 3.

_Protective System._--The periodical season for its discussion, 265;
the session most prolific of party topics and party contests of
any ever known, 266;
the reason, 266;
the subjects, 266;
the bank and tariff two leading measures, 266;
proposal of the President's message, 266;
the proposition of Mr. Clay, 266;
the seven years before the Tariff and the seven years after, 266;
the one, calamity; the other, prosperity, 266;
remarks, 266;
the seven years of calamity immediately followed the establishment
of the bank, 266;
protection an incident before 1816, afterwards an object, 267;
origin and progress of the protective policy, 267.

"It began on the 4th of July, 1789. The second act on the statute
book, 267;
prosperity consequent on the French revolution, 267;
state of things after the peace in 1815, 267;
subject again brought up in 1820, 267;
summary of the policy," 267.

Other speakers in favor of the policy, 268;
those against it, 268;
bearing of the question on the harmony and the stability of the
Union. 268.

A crisis arrived, 268;
dissatisfaction of all the South, 268;
objects of the Revolution, 268;
manufacturers should be supported incidentally, 268.

"This system an overruling necessity, 269;
the danger to its existence lies in the abandonment, and not in
the continuance of the American system, 269;
great excitement in South Carolina, 269;
the Union necessary to the whole and to all its parts, 269;
the majority must govern, 269;
can it be believed that two-thirds of the people would consent to
the destruction of a policy believed to be indispensably
necessary to their prosperity?"; 269.

An appalling picture dissolution of the Union presented on either
hand, 270;
former designs of bringing Jackson forward for the
Presidency, 270;
views entertained in South Carolina, 270;
views of the Democratic party 270;
"cannot feel indifferent to the sufferings of any portion of the
American people, 270;
what is the cause of Southern distress? 271;
other causes which exist," 271;
the levy and expenditure of the federal government the cause of
Southern decadence, 271;
exportation of American manufactures, 272;
this fact urged to show the excellence of American fabrics, and
that they are worthy of protection, 272;
also urged to show their independence of protection, 272;
"American cottons now traverse the one-half of the circumference
of the globe, 272;
effect of these duties to create monopolies at home, 272;
the Custom House returns," 272;
the prosperity attributed to the Tariffs of 1824 and 1828, 272;
real cause of the revived prosperity, 273;
remarks, 273;
Clay's remarks on his own failing powers and advanced age, 273;
compliments on his remarks, 273;
sparring between Gen. Smith and Mr. Clay on the age of the latter,
273, 274;
the seriousness of Southern resistance to the Tariff, 274;
an appeal to all to meet the South in a spirit of
conciliation, 274.

_Protest_ of Gen. Jackson on the vote of censure in the Senate, 425.

_Public distress._--From the moment of the removal of the deposits,
the plan of the bank was to force their return, and with it a
renewal of its charter, by operating on the business of the
country and the alarms of the people, 415;
course to be pursued, 415;
first step to get up distress meetings, 415;
memorial sent to Congress, 415;
speeches on their presentation, 415;
remarks of Mr. Tyler on presenting a memorial from Virginia, 416;
do. of Mr. Robbins on presenting a memorial, 416;
do. of Mr. Webster on presenting a memorial, 417, 418, 419;
do. of Mr. Southard on presenting a memorial, 417;
do. of Mr. Clay on presenting a memorial, 418;
do. of Mr. Kent on presenting a memorial, 418;
Clay's apostrophe to the Vice President, charging him with a
message of prayer and supplication to the President, 420;
the Vice President takes a pinch of Mr. Clay's snuff, 420;
resolution of a public meeting relative to the message to be
conveyed by the Vice President, 420.

All this is a repetition of what was heard in 1811, 421;
extracts from Debates of Congress, 421;
the two distresses proved the same thing, 421;
agitation and commotion in the large cities, 421;
gaining a municipal election in New York, 421;
extracts relative to everyday occurrences, 421;
amounts of money expended, 422.

Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the Finances, 462;
call made at the height of the panic, 462;
showed an increase in every branch of the revenue, instead of a
decline, 462;
test of the prosperity of the United States, 462;
the distress confined to the victims of the Bank, or fictitious
and artificial, 462;
attempt to quietly put the report aside, 462;
preparation made to defeat this move, 462;
the entire reading demanded, 462;
speech of Mr. Benton on its conclusion, 462;
the speech, 462;
"assertions and predictions under which the call had been
made, 462;
a report to make the patriot's heart rejoice, 463;
it had been called for to be given to the people, and the people
should have it, 463;
the statements of the report examined, 463;
evidence of commercial prosperity, 464;
increased imports, increased shipping, increased sales of public
lands, 464;
it has been said that trade is paralyzed, 465;
the odium of all the distress falls on the bank, 465;
the prosperity of the country, 466;
recapitulation of the evidences, 467;
the alarm is over, the people are tired of it, 467;
the spectre of distress could never be made to cross the
Mississippi, 467;
the bank is now a nuisance," 468;
report laid on the table and printed, 469. _See Tariff._

_Public Land Debtors._--The credit system then prevailed, 11;
debt for lands sold to the Government, 12;
situation of the public land debtors, 12;
system on which the lands were sold, 12;
subject referred to in the President's message, 12;
the measure of relief devised, 12;
the cash system and reduced price adopted, 12;
the pre-emption right introduced, 12;
opposed, 12;
carried, 12;
the graduation principle pressed, 12.

_Public Lands._--Burke's bill for the sale of the Crown lands
presented in the British House of Commons, 102;
its application to this country, 102;
his remarks, 102;
sales of land by a government to its citizens a false policy, 102;
movements to obtain a graduation of price, 103;
recommendation of Jackson's message, 103;
the revenue derived from the sale of lands a trifle compared with
the revenue derivable from the same lands through settlement
and cultivation, 103;
sale of land brings no population, cultivation produces
population, 103;
remarks in favor of donation of lands, 103;
example of the Atlantic States in favor of donations, 104;
remarks against the reservation of saline and mineral lands, 104;
these lands sold in Missouri, 105;
system of renting mines abolished, 105;
case of "Granny White," 105;
the example of all nations in favor of giving land, 106;
proclamation of the King of Persia in 1823, 106;
Western States sufferers by this land policy, 106;
change in public sentiment, 107.

A proposition to inquire into the expediency of limiting the sales
of land to those in market--to suspend the surveys,
&c., 130;
"a proposition that would check emigration to the new States of
the West, 130;
limit settlements, 130;
deliver up large portions to the dominion of wild beasts, 131;
remove the land records, 131;
never right to inquire into the expediency of doing wrong, 131;
inquiry is to do wrong," 131;
charge upon the East of intending to check the growth of the
West, 132;
history of the first ordinance for the sale and survey, 132;
to make clean work is like requiring your guest to eat all the
bones before he should have more meat, 132;
the propriety of selling at auction prices and at an arbitrary
minimum for all qualities, 132;
system adopted by all nations, 133;
the British and Spanish colonies fostered under a very different
system, 133;
indefinite postponement moved, 133.

_Distribution to the States._--Bill to reduce the price ordered to
a third reading, 275;
pre-emption established, 275;
plan to distribute the proceeds reported, 275;
report, 275;
"inexpedient to reduce the price, or to cede the lands to the
States, 275;
sound policy enjoins the preservation of the existing
system, 275;
governments, no more than individuals, should be intoxicated by
prosperity, 275;
should husband their resources, 276;
the proposal to divide the proceeds among the States, 276;
a bill for this purpose reported," 276.

Impropriety of originating such a bill in a Committee of
Manufactures, 276;
referred to the Committee on Public Lands, 276;
a counter report, 276;
"this view fundamentally erroneous, 276;
the Committee on Manufactures regard the Federal domain merely as
an object of revenue, 276;
quotation from the speech of Burke, 276;
these sentiments the inspiration of political wisdom, 277;
expectations from the public lands, 277;
result of an experiment of near fifty years, 277;
the bill to divide the proceeds is wholly inadmissible in
principle and erroneous in its details, 277;
it proposes to change injuriously and fatally for the new States
the character of their relation to the Federal Government on
this subject, 277;
its effects, 277;
the details of the bill are pregnant with injustice and unsound
policy, 278;
it makes no distinction between those States which did or did not
make cessions of their vacant land to the Federal
Government, 278;
it proposes benefits to some States which they cannot receive
without dishonor nor refuse without pecuniary
prejudice, 278;
these lands were granted to pay the debts of the Revolutionary
War, 278;
other objections, 278;
postponed in the House, 279.

_Distribution of proceeds._--Bill renewed, 362;
arguments in its favor, 362;
provisions of the bill, 362;
advantages of settling the question and disposing of the public
lands, 363;
revenue from sales considered, 363.

A measure dangerous in itself and unconstitutional, 364;
bill passed the Senate, 364;
passed in the House with amendments, 364;
Senate concur on the last night of the session, 364;
retained by the President, 364;
reasons, 364;
denunciations of the Press, 365;
next session bill returned with objections, 365;
"first principles of the whole subject, 365;
the practice of the Government, 365;
an entire subversion of one of the compacts by which the United
States became possessed of the Western domain, 366;
these ancient compacts are invaluable monuments of an age of
patriotism and virtue, 366;
other principles inserted in the bill, 366;
the object to create a surplus for distribution, 367;
a more direct road to consolidation cannot be devised, 367;
difficult to perceive what advantages will accrue to the
States, 368;
the true policy is that the public lands shall cease as soon as
practicable to be a source of revenue, 368;
statement of revenues derived from the public lands," 368;
remarks on this veto message, 369.

R

RANDOLPH, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 7;
opposes Clay on the Missouri question, 10;
decease of, 473;
place of his death, 473;
his career, 473;
how he should be judged, 473;
never enjoyed a day of perfect health, 473;
insanity at periods, 473;
conversation on that point, 474;
his parliamentary life, 474;
friendship with Macon, 474;
disposition, 474;
feelings on slavery, 474;
as a duellist, 475;
religious sentiment, 475.

_Relief, Mr. Webster's plan of._--Renewal of the charter of the bank
for six years, 433;
to give up the exclusive or monopoly feature, 433;
further particulars, 433;
leave asked to bring in the bill, 433;
opposition from Clay and Calhoun, 433;
reasons for Calhoun's position, 434;
his object to "unbank the banks," 434;
remarks, 434;
ultimate object to arrive at a metallic currency, 435;
this an object of the administration, 435;
conversations among Senators, 435;
motion for leave to bring in a bill laid on the table, 435;
excuse for this movement, 436.

No previous opportunity to show the people the kind of currency
they were entitled to possess, 436;
the Government intended to be a hard money Government, 436;
evidences on this point, 437, 438;
the quantity of specie derivable from foreign commerce, added to
the quantity of gold derivable from our mines, were fully
sufficient to furnish the people with an abundant
circulation of gold and silver, 438, 439;
the value now set upon gold is unjust and erroneous, 440;
these laws have expelled it from circulation, 440;
nature and effects of this false valuation, 441, 442, 443;
intention and meaning of the constitution that foreign coins
should pass currently as money, and at their full value,
within the United States, 444;
the plan presented for the support of public credit in 1791, 445;
four points presented, 445;
facts, 445;
injuries resulting from the exclusion of foreign coins, 446;
what reason can now be given for not preventing it? 447;
a review of the present condition of the statute currency of the
United States, 448;
three distinct objections to the Bank of the United States as a
regulator of the currency, 449;
a power that belongs to the Government, 449;
it cannot be delegated, 449;
it ought not to be delegated to any bank, 450;
differs from Mr. Calhoun in the capacity of the bank to supply a
general currency, 451, 452;
circulation of the bank in 1833, 453;
objections to prolonging the existence of the present bank, 454;
the conduct of the present bank, 454;
that of the first bank, 455;
the spirit which seems to have broken out against the State banks
deprecated, 456;
a small paper circulation one of the greatest grievances that can
afflict a community, 457;
restoration of the gold currency has great influence in putting
down a small note circulation, 458. _See Public Distress._

_Removals from Office._--Error of De Tocqueville, 159;
his statement, 159;
case of Adams' administration, 159;
no distinct party lines, 159;
no case presented to him for political removal, 160;
so in the main with Jackson, 160;
extent of removals by him, 160;
his election a change of parties, 160;
he followed the example of Jefferson, 160;
the circumstances of Jefferson, 160;
the four years' limitation law not then in force, 161;
fundamental principle, 161;
his letter to Monroe, 161;
do. to Governor Giles on removals, 161;
do. to Elbridge Gerry, 161;
do. to Mr. Lincoln, 161;
Jefferson's law of removals, 161;
said he had never done justice to his own party in this
respect, 162;
clamor against Jackson, 162;
the practice of removals for opinion' sake becoming too
common, 162;
description of Macaulay, 162;
the evil become worse since the time of De
Tocqueville, 162;
an evil in our country, 162;
Jefferson's rule affords the remedy, 162;
remarks upon it, 163.

_Report_ of Government Bank Directors, 374.

_Resolutions_ of Webster relative to the Compromise, 317;
relative to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the
removal of the public deposits, &c., 394, 398.

RHEA, JOHN, Representative from Tennessee, 7.

_Rivers and Harbors._--Internal Improvement of, how based, 4;
how restricted, 4.

RIVES, WILLIAM C., on the meaning of the Virginia resolutions, 337;
on the independence of Texas, 668.

ROBERTS, JONATHAN, votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

ROBERTSON, GEORGE, Representative from Kentucky, 7.

ROWAN, JOHN, on revision of the tariff, 95.

RUSH, RICHARD, Secretary of the Treasury, 55;
negotiates for joint occupancy of Oregon, 109.

S

_Salt Tax, repeal of._--This tax an odious measure, 143;
fluctuations in the tax, 143;
efforts to repeal it, 143;
"the English salt tax and manner of its repeal, 144;
the enormous amount of the tax, 144;
contrary to every principle of taxation, 144;
the distribution of this tax on different sections of the
Union, 144;
the Northwest, 144;
the South, 145;
the West, 145;
provision curers and exporters were entitled to the same bounty
and allowance with exporters of fish, 145;
the provision trade of the West, 145;
the repeal of the salt duty the greatest favor to this trade, 145;
the domestic manufacture has enjoyed all possible protection, 146;
time enough been had for the trial, 146;
the American system without a gross departure from its principles
could not cover this duty any longer, 146;
every argument that could be used here had been used in England in
vain, 147;
the petition of the British manufacturers, 147;
effect of an era of free trade in salt," 147.

This tax a curse, 154;
a mystery in salt, 154;
bill to abolish offered, 155;
the fisheries, 155;
"the tax on alum salt, the foundation of all these bounties, 155;
different acts of Congress recited, 155, 156;
reasons for abolishing the duty on alum salt, 156;
an article of indispensable necessity to the provision trade of
the United States, 156;
no salt of the kind made in the United States, 156;
the duly enormous and quadruples the price, 156;
it is unequal in its operation, 156;
means of drawing an undue amount of money from the public
treasury, 157;
a practical violation of one of the most equitable clauses in the
Constitution of the United States, 157;
it now rests on a false basis, 157;
its repeal will not materially diminish the revenue nor delay the
extinguishment of the public debt, 157;
it belongs to an unhappy period in the history of the
government," 157.

Amount paid by it into the treasury, 714;
quantity imported, 714;
its import from England, 715;
effect of the tax, 716;
its direct injuries, 716;
the burdens appear in the most odious light, 716;
testimony of Dr. Young, 717.

SANFORD, NATHAN, Senator from New York, 7;
candidate for Vice Presidency in 1824, 45.

SCOTT, JOHN, Delegate from Missouri, 8;
presents the application of Missouri for admission into the
Union, 9.

_Seal of Colonel Benton_, origin of it, 77.

_Secession_ of a State--origin of the doctrine, 4;
Senate in favor, 34;
do. against, 34.

SERGEANT, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 7;
on the committee to whom was referred the application of
Missouri, 9;
nominated minister to Panama, 60;
renominated for the Vice Presidency, 232;
candidate for the Vice Presidency, 282.

SEVIER, AMBROSE H., on the cession of the public lands, 709.

SHAW, H., Representative from Massachusetts, 9;
votes for the admission of Missouri, 9;
coadjutor with Clay on the Missouri question, 10.

_Sierra Leone_, origin of the colony of, 88.

SILSBEE, NATHANIEL, Representative from Massachusetts, 7.

_Slaves deported, British Indemnity for._--Controversy respecting
slaves carried off in the war of 1812 concluded in 1827, 88;
similar controversy under the treaty of 1783, 88;
origin of the colony of Sierra Leone, 88;
subject referred to the Emperor Alexander, 88;
arbitrament disputed, 88;
payment made, 88;
statement of the case, 88;
the reference, 89;
views, 89;
the third treaty, 89;
the payment, 90;
the example, 90;
question of restitution arising under the Revolutionary war, 90;
number carried off, 90;
the commissioners at Ghent, 91;
French spoliation claim, 91;
contrast with the claim for deported slaves, 91;
proof that Northern men will do justice to the South, 91.

_Slavery, effect of its existence or non-existence on different
States._--"The ghost of the Missouri question, 136;
the line drawn between the free State of Ohio and the slave State
of Kentucky, 136;
views of leading men North and South indisputably the same in the
earlier periods of our government, 136;
the sublime morality of those who cannot bear the abstract
contemplation of slavery a thousand miles off, 136;
the morality of the primitive Christians," 136;
conduct of the Free States at the first introduction of the
slavery topic into Congress, 137;
further remarks, 138.

_Slavery in the District of Columbia, Abolition of._--Memorial of
Society of Friends in Pennsylvania, 576;
source whence the memorial emanated, 576;
previous proceedings on these memorials, 576;
motion to reject when presented for reception, 576;
this point the origin of a long and acrimonious war in the two
Houses of Congress, 576;
reception and condemnation would quiet the question, 576;
moved to postpone, 577;
remarks of Senator Benton, 577;
"character of the petitioners, 577;
the abolitionists, 577;
publications and prints, 577;
intended to inflame the passions of slaves, 577;
cause of the massacre of San Domingo, 577;
course of the French society, 578;
the conspiracy in Louisiana, 578;
these societies had already perpetrated more mischief than the
joint remainder of all their lives spent in prayers of
contrition and works of retribution, could ever atone
for, 578;
the conduct of the great body of the people in the free
States, 579;
object is to give that vote which will have the greatest effect in
putting down these societies, 579;
past action of the Senate," 579.

_Slavery agitation._--
Tune of its rise, 5;
unceasing efforts to alarm the South by imputations against the
North, of unconstitutional designs on the subject of
slavery, 609;
letter of Mr. Madison to Mr. Clay, 609;
letter to Edward Coles, 609;
nullification in a new disguise, 609;
publications to alarm the South, 610;
the "Crisis," 610;
the subject of a Southern Convention, 610;
the conduct of Mr. Calhoun, 610;
petitions for the abolition of slavery in the district of
Columbia, 611;
Calhoun's remarks, 611;
extreme ground taken, 611;
his doctrine, 611;
reply of Mr. Morris, 612;
Bedford Brown in reply to Mr. Calhoun, 612;
King charges upon the remarks of Calhoun the effect of
increasing the slavery agitation, 613;
Calhoun, in reply, charges that any other course will divide
and distract the South, 614;
remarks of Mr. Hill relative to the views of Northern
States, 614;
petitions in the House, 615;
remarks of Mr. Franklin Pierce, 615;
course of the Telegraph newspaper, 615;
the Herald of Freedom newspaper, 616;
Calhoun sends a paper to the Clerk's desk to be read, containing
an attack upon a member of the other House, 616;
apology by the presiding officer for permitting it to be
read, 616;
remarks of Mr. Benton at the request, and in defence of Mr.
Pierce, 617;
the statement of Mr. Calhoun involved him in the solecism of
sending forth incendiary publications through the action
of the Senate, 617;
remarks of Mr. Benton on this point, 617;
remarks of Mr. King on the strange scene of Southern Senators
attacking their Northern friends because they defended the
South, 617;
increase of abolitionism denied, 618;
treatment of George Thompson, 618;
further statements, 619;
remarks of Mr. Webster, 619;
refusal of Mr. Calhoun to vote on the motion to reject the
prayer of petitioners, 619;
his remarks, 619;
an unjustifiable assumption, 620;
memorial of the Society of Friends, 620;
further remarks, 620.
Action of the House on abolition petitions, 621;
resolution presented by Mr. Pinkney, 621;
votes, 621;
committee ordered and report, 621;
report adopted, 621;
remarks of Mr. J. Q. Adams on the reception of these
petitions, 622;
action of early Congresses on this subject, 623;
Madison on abolition petitions, 623;
his consistent course, 623;
South, the point of danger from slavery agitation, 623.

SLOAN, JOHN, Representative from Ohio, 7.

SMITH, BERNARD, Representative from New Jersey, 9;
votes for the admission of Missouri, 9.

SMITH, SAMUEL, Representative from Maryland, 7;
on the committee to whom was referred the application of
Missouri, 9;
for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;
on the British West India Trade, 125;
on the expenses of government, 230;
on the protective policy, 268;
on the compromise tariff bill, 315, 327.

SMITH, WILLIAM, Senator from South Carolina, 7;
Judge, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;
moves to be excused from voting on the measure for the relief of
public land debtors, as he was one, 12;
excuse refused, 12.

SMYTHE, ALEXANDER, Representative from Virginia, 7.

SOUTHARD, SAMUEL L., Senator from New Jersey, 7;
Secretary of the Navy, 55;
on the Expunging resolution, 528;
on the independence of Texas, 669.

_Speakers_ in the House in favor of protection, 32;
ditto against, 33.

_Specie Circular._--
Its issue marked the firmness, foresight, and decision of General
Jackson, 676;
its purport, 676;
extent of the land sales, 677;
remarks on the evil which required the specie circular, 677;
benefits of suppressing it, 677;
a view of the actual condition of the paper currency, 678;
bill which was the basis of the remarks rejected, 678;
President decides to issue the order, 678.
Resolution to rescind the Treasury Circular offered, 694;
remarks of Senator Ewing, 694;
origin of the order, 695;
its legality, 695;
remarks of Senator Benton, 695;
a little panic, 695;
letter of Mr. Biddle, 696;
Clay's speech at Lexington, 696;
illegality of the treasury order examined, 696;
the new distress, 697;
Mr. Biddle's description of it, 697;
movement to produce a general suspension of specie
payments, 697;
remarks of Senator Benton, 697;
reply of Senator Crittenden, 698;
ditto of Senator Webster, 699;
other speakers, 700;
subject referred, 700;
report, 700;
action of the Senate, 700;
cause of Mr. Benton's speech, 700;
his speech on the proceedings, 701, 702;
explosion of the banks foretold, 708;
reply of Senator Walker to Benton, 708, 704;
Mr. Calhoun's reason for not voting on the recision bill, 706;
bill passed in the Senate, 706;
amendment of the House, 706;
lost, 706;
veto, 706.

STEVENSON, ANDREW, chosen Speaker, 121;
elected Speaker, 209;
chosen Speaker of the House, 371.

STORES, HENRY R., Representative from New York, 7.

STOKES, MONTFORT, Senator from North Carolina, 7;
Governor, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

STORY, JOSEPH, Justice of Supreme Court, 7.

_Supreme Court_, its Judges and officers, 731.

SWIFT, BENJAMIN, opposes the admission of Arkansas, 627.

T

TANEY, ROGER B., Attorney General, 181;
nomination as Secretary of the Treasury sent in near close of the
session, 470;
immediately rejected, 470;
resigns, 470;
appointed Chief Justice, 731;
vote in the Senate, 731.

_Tariff and American System._--
Beginning of the question, 32;
protection looked for among the incidental powers, 32;
the design was to make protection the object, and revenue the
incident, 32;
revision of the tariff proposed, 32;
public distress the leading argument for the new tariff, 32;
remarks of Mr. Clay, 32.
"Public distress of the whole country the most prominent object of
attention, 32;
its evidences, 32;
its extent, 32;
a truthful picture," 32.
Other speakers, 32, the distress disputed, 33;
its cause the paper system, 33;
no necessity for protection, 33;
Webster's remarks, 33;
other speakers in opposition, 33;
passage of the bill in the House, 34;
closeness of the vote, 34;
moved to refer to finance committees in the Senate, 34;
lost, 34;
referred to committee on manufactures, 34;
passed the Senate, 34;
increase of revenue a motive with some friends of the bill, 34;
views of the candidates for the Presidency, 34;
position of various States on the bill, 34.
_Revision of._--
Date of a serious division between the North and South, 95;
the work of politicians and manufacturers, 95;
productions of different States favored by additional duties on
their rival imports, 95;
remarks, 95;
"in vain that it is called the American system, 95;
as a tax for the support of Government, it is to be supported;
if for any other purpose, it is to be reprobated, 95;
the surrender of individual opinion to the interest of the
State," 95;
the bill contained a vicious principle, 95;
the tariff an issue in the Presidential contest, 96;
manufacturers warned not to mingle their interests in
politics, 96;
change of policy in the New England States, 96;
"she held back, 96;
denounced, 96;
the present measure called a New England one, 96;
tone of those who administered the Government," 96;
the question now both political and sectional, 97;
the duty on indigo, 97;
remarks on the motion, 97;
"history of its production, 97;
reasons for encouraging its home production, 98;
reasons for a unanimous vote, 98;
burdens imposed by every tariff on Virginia and the
Carolinas," 99;
"object to make the bill consistent, though opposed to the
principle, 99;
no boon asked for the South, 99;
capacity of the country to produce it, 100;"
motion lost, 100;
a nominal duty imposed, 100;
this regarded as an insult by the South, 100;
Southern views of the bill, 100;
scheme of this Tariff, where conceived, 101;
the bill a regular appendage of presidential elections, 101;
change between the prosperity of the North and the South, 101;
cause to which attributed, 101;
its justice, 101;
feeling of the mass of democratic members, 102.
_Reduction of Duties._--
A certain amount reduced, at the previous session, 308;
a step in the right direction, 308;
further reduction expected, 308;
Verplanck's bill, 308;
the financial history of the country since the late war, 309;
a satisfactory statement, 309;
carrying back the protective system to the year of its
commencement, 309;
abundant protection to real manufacturers, 309;
bound to be satisfactory to the South Carolina school, 309;
bill lingered in the House under interminable debates on systems
and theories, 309;
suddenly knocked over by a new bill, 309;
moved to strike out all after the enacting clause, and to insert
a new bill, called the compromise, 309;
delay asked for by Northern members, 310;
remarks, 310;
"one short hour ago collecting our papers to go home, 310;
a new bill, proposed, and the cry of 'question' raised, 310;
hasty legislation deprecated in matters of great
importance, 310;
this matter assumes an imposing attitude, 310;
a bill to tranquillize feelings, 310;
it is said the next Congress will be hostile to the tariff, 311;
the discontent has a deeper seat than the tariff," 311;
the seductive and treacherous nature of compromise
legislation, 311;
bill passed at once, 311;
a bill without precedent in the annals of legislation, 312;
the manner of proceeding, 312;
the degree to which it was a compromise, 312;
list of the voters, 312.
Clay asks leave to introduce a bill called a "compromise
measure," 313;
remarks, 313;
"two great objects in view, 314;
the first object looks at the tariff, 313;
it stands in imminent danger, 313;
it must fall at the next session, 313;
be productive of calamitous consequences, 313;
can be placed on a better foundation now, than at the next
session, 313;
the majority of the dominant party is adverse to the
tariff, 313;
the father of the system charged with its unnatural
abandonment, 313;
a wish to separate it from politics," 314;
the principle of the bill a series of annual reductions of
one-tenth per cent., &c., 314;
other features of the bill, 314;
remarks on the number of years the protective policy has to run,
and the guaranties for its abandonment, 314;
a stipulation to continue nine years, and no guarantee for its
abandonment, 314;
moral guarantees, 314;
"this project has not the elements of success, 315;
a violation of the constitution, as the Senate have no power to
originate a revenue bill, 315;
after they are defeated, and can no longer maintain a conflict,
they come to make the best bargain they can, 315;
the tariff is in its last gasp, 315;
what has the tariff led us to already? 315;
what evidence that the manufacturers will not come at the end of
the time, and ask more protection than ever," 315;
"a measure for harmony, 315;
the unhappy divisions of North and South attributable to this
bill, 315;
further remarks," 315;
fallibility of political opinions, 316;
Clay's views, 316;
Calhoun's views, 316;
Clay's determination relative to a reaction, 316;
manner in which the bill was received by the public, 316;
Niles' Register, 316;
conclusions of the manufacturers, 316;
position of Webster, 316;
not consulted on the subject, 316;
"the bill a well-understood surrender of the power of
discrimination, or a stipulation not to use that power for
a certain period, 317;
if the tariff is in danger, it is because the people will not
sanction it, 317;
resolutions relative to the bill," 317.
Probable reasons for Webster's exclusion from all knowledge of the
compromise bill, 318;
coincidence of his views with those of General Jackson, 318;
a reduction of the tariff to a stable condition frustrated by
the compromise bill, 318;
objections urged against the bill, 318;
attitude of South Carolina surmounted the objections, 318;
would remove all cause of discontent from her, 318;
House bill introduced during the discussion on the question of
leave, 319;
ditto passed, 319;
share of the manufacturing states in this compromise, 319;
an incident showing that "measures may be passed on other
reasons than their merits, 319;
remarks, 319;
"an extraordinary augmentation of duties in a bill which was to
reduce duties, 319;
two or three little factories in Connecticut must be
protected, 319;
contrary to the whole tenor and policy of the bill, 320;
a view of the circumstances which had attended the duties on
these woollens," 320.
Another incident--the character of protection openly claimed for
this bill, 320;
remarks of various Senators on this point, 321;
silence of Calhoun on this point, 321.
The constitutionality of originating this bill in the Senate, 321;
purely a question of privilege, and the decision of it belonged
alone to the other House, 321;
no Committee of Ways and Means in the Senate, 321;
it is not the less a money bill turn its object being
protection, 321;
amendment proposed relative to the drawback on manufactured
imports, 321;
instance refined sugar, 322;
lost, 322;
carried, so far as relates to sugar, in after years, 322.
Motion to substitute home valuations for foreign or imported
goods, 322;
strenuously opposed by Calhoun, 322;
insisted upon by friends of the bill, 322;
moved to lay the bill on the table, 322;
adjournment moved and carried, 322;
Calhoun recedes, 322;
the conditions, 322;
their fallacy, 323;
debate on this point, 323;
"a home valuation deemed necessary by the friends of the
protective system, 323;
believed that after nine years most of the manufacturers will be
sufficiently grown to protect themselves under a
twenty-five per cent. duty, 323;
it would be an increase of duties, 323;
essentially necessary in order to prevent and detect
frauds, 323;
it will be an entering wedge for future measures, 323;
for the sake of conciliation, the bill is brought forward, 324;
the objections to the motion insurmountable, 324;
the bill will save South Carolina from herself, 324;
you cannot have the fair twenty per cent. without adopting the
principle of home valuation, 325;
the unequal operation of the home valuation, 325;
not possible to maintain our institutions and our liberties
under the continuance of this controversy, 326;
proposed to lay the bill on the table, 326;
further debate, 327;
motion withdrawn, 327;
amendment moved, 327;
adjournment moved, 327;
carried, 327;
amendment that no valuation be adopted which will operate
unequally in different parts of the Union considered, 327;
requirement of the constitution, 327;
merchant put to great inconvenience, 327;
the bill is declared to be permanent, 327;
home valuation impracticable and unprecedented, and unknown in
any legislation, 328;
without the assurance that the principle will not be disturbed,
bill should be opposed, 329;
home valuation tending to a violation at the constitution, 329;
injurious and almost fatal to the Southern ports, 329;
create great additional expense, 329;
an increase of duties in a new form, 329;
the fate of the bill depends on the fate of the amendment, 329;
two conditions of the vote of Mr. Calhoun, 329;
amendment fixing a home valuation adopted," 330;
a new principle thus adopted at the expense of the
constitution, 330.
_Compromise, secret history of._--
Calhoun and Clay rival candidates for the Presidency, 342;
leaders in opposite political systems, 342;
cause of their friendship, 342;
rupture, 342;
a question between them, which had the upper hand of the
other, 342;
Letcher conceives the idea of a compromise to release South
Carolina from her position, 342;
determination of Jackson to arrest Calhoun for high
treason, 343;
conferences, 343;
agreement with the manufacturers, 343;
action of Mr. Clayton, 343;
amendments which were agreed to, 343;
manner of the passage of the home valuation amendment, 344;
Calhoun's remarks, 344;
his vote, 344;
John M. Clayton master of both, 344.
_Act of 1833._--
Compromises, 344;
act of 1833 a breach of all the rules and principles of
legislation, 345;
a conception of rival politicians who had failed in the game of
agitation, and threw it up for the game of
pacification, 345;
how could this measure be effected in a country so vast and
intelligent, 345;
Benton's view of the compromise, 346;
vices of the act, 346;
mischiefs done to the frame of the government, 347.
_See Protective System_.

TATNALL, Col., on the treaty with the Creeks, 64;
second to Randolph in the duel with Clay, 72.

TAYLOR, JOHN W., Representative from New York, 7;
Speaker, 7;
votes for the Missouri compromise, 8.

_Taylor, John_, decease of, a perfect and complete republican
statesman, 45;
demeanor, 45;
dress, 45;
his character, 45;
writings, 45;
presented the Virginia Resolutions of 1798, 46;
on the Virginia resolutions, 351.

TAYLOR, G. K., on the Virginia Resolutions, 350.

_Territories._--Their rights under the constitution, 4.

_Texas_, _Independence of._--
Memorials on the subject, 665;
effects of the victory of San Jacinto, 665;
remarks, 665;
reference to Committee on Foreign Affairs moved, 666;
if Texas has a government _de facto_, it is the duty of the
government to acknowledge it, 666;
moderation and deliberation counselled, 666;
acknowledgment and admission advocated, 667;
new theatre for the slavery agitation revealed, 667;
a design to make Texas an element in the Presidential
election, 667;
the former cession of Texas, 667;
the course of Calhoun, 667;
remarks of Bedford Brown, 668;
remarks of Mr. Rives, 668;
national faith should be preserved inviolate, 668;
report in favor, 669;
"the balance of power and the perpetuation of our institutions,"
as a reason for admission, 669;
resolutions of recognition passed both Houses, 670;
remarks of Senator Benton, 670;
the separation of the two countries among the fixed order of
events, 672;
the Alamo, 673;
humanity of Mexican ladies, 674;
calumny on the cause of the revolt, 674;
the revolt has illustrated the Anglo Saxon character, 675.

THOMAS, JESSE B., votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

THOMAS, FRANCIS, on Committee of Bank Investigation, 241;
on the admission of Arkansas, 631.

THOMPSON, SMITH, Secretary of the Navy, 7.

TOMPKINS, D. D., Vice President, 7.

THORN, Lieut., his fate, 109.

THORN, HERMANN, application for a commission in the army, 183.

_Treasury notes_, resorted to, 1;
degree of depreciation in second year the war of 1812, 1.

_Treaty of 1807._--Cause of its rejection without reference to the
Senate, 1.

_Treaty-making power._--Its extent, 4.

_Treaty of_ Indian Springs, 58.

TRIMBLE, DANIEL, Representative from Kentucky, 7.

TUCKER, GEORGE, Representative from Virginia, 7.

TYLER, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 7;
on the force bill, 331;
defends the Senate investigating committee's report, 486.

V

VAN BUREN, MARTIN, remarks in the treaty with the Creeks, 60;
Secretary of State, 119;
appointed Minister to England, 181;
resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181;
his rejection as Minister to England, 214;
candidates for the succession to General Jackson, 214;
effect of Van Buren's appointment as Secretary of State, 214;
a stepping-stone to the Presidency, 214;
appointed minister, and left for London, 214;
charged with breaking up the cabinet for the purpose of ousting
the friends of Calhoun, 214;
his nomination sent to the Senate, and rejection certain, soon
as a case could be made out for justification, 214;
causes of objection, 215;
rejection was not enough--a killing off in the public mind
intended, 215;
the speeches, 215;
anecdote, 215;
the speakers, 215;
apostrophe of Madame Roland, 215;
oh politics! how much bamboozling is practised in thy name, 215;
tie votes, 215;
speakers for the nomination, 216;
grounds upon which the objections were based, 216;
quotation from McLane, 216;
report of Mr. Gallatin containing a refutation of the objections
relative to the British trade, 216;
the original of Van Buren's letter of instructions, 216;
unpublished speech of Van Buren, 217;
the Washington ground, 217;
Jackson, author of the instructions, 217;
letter of General Jackson to Van Buren after the latter became
President, 217;
completely disproving a dishonorable imputation, 217;
Calhoun's friendship for Jackson, 218;
the New York system of proscription, 218;
silence of Benton, reason for, 218;
his letter to Van Buren, 218;
the rejection in England, 219;
its effects upon Mr. Van Buren, 219;
remark of Calhoun, 219;
the tie votes, 219;
the injunction of secrecy removed, 219;
relative to removals under Jackson, 218;
elected Vice President, 282.

VAN DYKE, NICHOLAS, votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

_Veto of Maysville Road Bill._--
Third veto on the subject of internal improvements, 167;
history of these vetoes, 167;
they embrace all the constitutional reasoning on the
question, 167.

_Veto of the bank, effects of._--
This a general caption for the opposition newspapers throughout
the country, 280;
the ruin of the country made to appear, 280;
extracts from journals, 281;
the programme of the bank and its branches, 281;
wicked attempt on the part of a moneyed corporation to govern the
election, 281.

VERPLANCK'S, GULIAN C., bill for the reduction of duties, 308.

_Virginia resolutions_, suggestive of nullification to Mr.
Calhoun, 335;
debate of 1830, the dawn of the ideas of nullification, 347;
the Virginia resolutions quoted, 347;
nullification doctrines avowed, 347;
resolutions of '98 appealed to, 347;
the resolutions, 346;
their vindication, 348;
from their text, 348;
the right and duty of State interposition claimed, 348;
forcible or nullifying interposition not meant, 348;
the constitution suggests several modes of interposition, 348;
to interpose, does not mean to nullify and set at nought, 349.
The cotemporaneous interpretation, 349;
where found, 349;
speakers in the Virginia Legislature, 349;
opinions advanced by the speakers, 350, 351;
the opposers of the resolutions did not charge upon them, nor
their supporters in any manner contend for any principle
like that of nullification, 352;
responses of State Legislatures, report on the, 352;
extracts, 352;
enumeration of the powers which in the promises are claimed for
the States, 353;
views of the republicans who adopted the resolutions, 353;
remark of Madison, 353;
of Monroe in 1800, 354;
the passage of the sedition law, 354;
conduct of the people of Virginia, 354.
The resolutions disabused of nullification by their author, 354;
the letters of Madison, 355;
extracts from his letter to Mr. Everett, 355;
reasons for rejecting in the constitution fanciful and
impracticable theories, 355;
what the constitution adopts as a security of the rights and
powers of the States, 356;
completeness of these provisions for the security of the
States, 356;
on the doctrine of nullification, 356;
letter to Joseph C. Cabell, 356, 357, 359;
to Daniel Webster, 356;
to James Robertson, 356;
to N. P. Trist, 357, 359;
to C. E. Haynes, 357;
to Andrew Stevenson, 357;
from a memorandum on nullification, 358, 359;
_note_, 358;
to Mr. Townsend, 359;
further extracts, 360;
remarks, 360.

_Vote_ against the ratification of the treaty of 1818, 17;
on repairs of Cumberland road, 22;
on the bill to make a road to New Mexico, 44;
on the bill to occupy the Columbia river, 50;
on the nomination of Clay as Secretary of State, 55;
on the nominations to the Panama mission, 66;
on treaty with the Cherokees, 108;
on leave to offer a resolution of inquiry relative to recharter of
the bank, 205;
on the recharter of the bank, 250;
do. in the House, 250;
on selling the stock of the United States in bank, 295;
on the compromise tariff bill, 312;
on the compromise bill, 330;
on the bill to distribute the sales from public lands, 364;
on the resolution of inquiry into the fitness of the persons
nominated for bank directors, 385;
on the resolution relative to the report of the Secretary of the
Treasury, 395;
on the resolution condemning President Jackson, 423;
on Webster's plan of relief, 435;
on laying the expunging resolutions of Alabama on the table, 528;
on the branch mints, 553;
on the deposit bank bill, 553;
on the fortification bill, 555;
on the incendiary publication bill, 588;
on the reception of abolition petitions, 619;
on abolition petition of Society of Friends, 621;
on abolition petitions in the House, 621;
on the Cherokee treaty, 625;
on the admission of Arkansas, 631;
on the distribution bill, 651;
on recognizing the independence of Texas, 670;
on the recision of the specie circular, 705;
on the substitute to land distribution, 708;
on striking out the deposit clause from the appropriation
bill, 711.

W

WALKER, JOHN W., Senator from Alabama, 7;
judge, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;
on the independence of Texas, 665;
on the specie circular, 703.

_War of 1812._--
By whose exertions the declaration was obtained, 6;
its great results, 6.

WASHINGTON, Judge, of Supreme Court, 8.

WATMOUGH, JOHN G., on the Committee of Bank investigation, 241.

WAYNE, JAMES M., moves a reference of the bank memorial to a select
committee, 284;
on the bank investigation, 288;
appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, 569.

WEBSTER, DANIEL, denies the public distress, 33;
on the protective system, 96;
on revision of the tariff, 96;
on the ordinance of 1787, 134;
on the conduct of the free States on slavery, 137;
in reply to Hayne, 138;
debate with Hayne, 138, 140;
opposes Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;
on the recharter of the bank, 243, 244;
on the prospect of public distress, 254;
on the force bill, 332;
on nullification, 338;
on the French spoliation bill, 488, 505;
on the Expunging resolution, 550;
on the bill to suppress incendiary publications, 586;
on French affairs, 594, 596;
on abolition petitions, 619;
on the specie circular, 699.

WHITE, HUGH L., on the entrance of the bank directors into the
political field, 254.

WICKLIFFE, CHARLES H., on the Committee of Inquiry, 287.

WILKINS, WILLIAM, on the force bill, 330.

WILLIAMS, JOHN, Senator from Tennessee, 7.

WILLIAMS, LEWIS, Representative from South Carolina, 7;
Father of the House, 7.

WILLIAMS, T. H., votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

WIRT, WILLIAM, Attorney General, 7, 55;
counsel for the Cherokee Indians, 165;
candidate for the Presidency, 282;
decease of, 475;
rank as a lawyer, 475;
lessons of his life, 475;
early condition, 475;
authorship, 476;
time of his death, 476;
remarks of Mr. Webster at bar meeting, 476.

WOODBURY, LEVI, Secretary of the Navy, 181.

WRIGHT, SILAS, on the French Spoliation bill, 489.

Y

YELL, ARCHIBALD, on the cession of the public lands, 711.

Recent American History and Biography.

Destruction and Reconstruction.

Personal Experiences of the Late War. By RICHARD TAYLOR,
Lieutenant-General in the Confederate Army. 1 vol., 8vo. Cloth,
price, $2.00.

Four Years with General Lee:

Being a Summary of the more Important Events touching the
Career of General Robert E. Lee, in the War between the States;
together with an Authoritative Statement of the Strength of the
Army which he commanded in the Field. By WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, of
his Staff, and late Adjutant-General of the Army of Northern
Virginia. 8vo. Cloth, $2.00.

Military Operations of Joseph E. Johnston.

Narrative of Military Operations directed during the Late War
between the States. By JOSEPH E. JOHNSTON, General C. S. A.
Illustrated by Steel Plates and Maps. 1 vol., 8vo. Cloth, $5.00;
sheep, $6.00; half morocco, $7.50.

The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston.

By his Son, Colonel WILLIAM PRESTON JOHNSTON. One large octavo
volume, 774 pages. With Maps, a fine Portrait on Steel, and
Eight full-page Illustrations. Cloth, $5.00; sheep, $6.00; half
turkey, $7.00.

The Autobiography of William H. Seward (1801-1834).

With a later Memoir by his Son, FREDERICK W. SEWARD, late
Assistant Secretary of State. Per volume, over 800 pages, cloth,
$4.25; sheep, $5.25; half turkey, $6.25; full turkey, $8.25.

Military History of General U. S. Grant.

From April, 1861, to April, 1865. By ADAM BADEAU, Colonel and
Aide de-Camp to the General-in-Chief, Brevet Brigadier-General
U. S. A. With Portrait, and numerous Maps. 3 vols., 8vo,
complete. Cloth, $12.00; sheep, $15.00; half turkey, $20.00.

Memoirs of W. T. Sherman.

By Himself. (With a Military Map showing the Marches of the
United States Forces under General Sherman's command.) Two
handsome vols., 8vo. Blue cloth, $5.50; sheep, $7.00; half
morocco, $8.50; full morocco, $12.00.

CHEAP EDITION. 1 vol. Cloth, $3.50.

D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers, 1, 3, & 5 Bond St., New York.

=HISTORY OF THE WORLD=, FROM THE EARLIEST RECORDS TO THE FALL OF
THE WESTERN EMPIRE. By PHILIP SMITH, B. A. 3 vols., 8vo, vellum
cloth, gilt top, $2.00 per vol.

New edition, in elegant style, and at greatly reduced price.

"These volumes embody the results of many years of arduous
and conscientious study. The work is entitled to be called
the ablest and most satisfactory book on the subject in our
language. The author's methods are dignified and judicious,
and he has availed himself of all the recent light thrown by
philological research on the annals of the East. The work
is well supplied with maps."--_Dr. C. K. Adams's Manual of
Historical Literature._

=MONTESQUIEU'S CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CAUSES OF THE GRANDEUR AND
DECADENCE OF THE ROMANS.= A New Translation, together with an
Introduction, Critical and Illustrative Notes, and an Analytical
Index. By JEHU BAKER. Being incidentally a Rational Discussion
of the Phenomena and the Tendencies of History in General. 12mo.
Cloth, $2.00.

"Mr. Jehu Baker has rendered a great service to English-speaking
people by producing a new and admirable translation of
Montesquieu's 'Considerations on the Grandeur and Decadence of
the Romans.' But Mr. Baker has by no means confined himself
to the simple work of translation. Many foot-notes have been
added throughout the volume, each chapter is followed by an
extended and elaborate note, and a careful analytical index
greatly increases the value of the work for purposes of
reference."--_Boston Courier._

=THE PROPHETS OF ISRAEL, AND THEIR PLACE IN HISTORY=, TO THE
CLOSE OF THE EIGHTH CENTURY B. C. By W. ROBERTSON SMITH, M. A.,
LL. D., author of "The Old Testament in the Jewish Church."
12mo. Cloth, $1.75.

"It is not every Professor of Hebrew whose academical lectures
would furnish forth such a rich feast as now lies before
us. Even the happy few who know something of the facts of
the Bible will learn much from the felicitousness or the
present exposition. For Mr. Robertson Smith is not only a
'full man,' but has a singular gift of making a hard subject
intelligible.... He loves to blow away the mists of controversy
and show the truth in all its attractive simplicity."--_The
Academy._

=THE VISION OF ESTHER.= By CHARLES DE KAY. A sequel to "The
Vision of Nimrod; an Oriental Romance in Verse." 12mo. Cloth,
$1.50.

"This work belongs to a new time, to a new class of readers and
thinkers, and to a future group of poets. It will grow upon
the thought and attention of the public as independent effort
always does. Mr. De Kay has an unusual mastery of language; and
it would be hard to find more beautifully written verse, of a
vigorous and natural sort, than one can easily discover in this
poem. It need only be added that 'Esther,' like the poetry of M.
Sully-Prudhomme, is one of the signs of the time. The movement
of thought, of discovery, of aspiration, is in a straight line.
No one can fail to see the line. The poet most run as the world
runs; and Mr. De Kay is at least one American poet who has felt
the fire of his age. He will live longer than the imitators of
Longfellow and Bryant."--_New York Times._

=L. L. L.; OR, FIFTY LAW LESSONS.= Embracing all the Technical
Points of Business Law. By ARTHUR B. CLARK, Principal B. & S.
Business College, Newark, N. J. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25.

_For sale by all booksellers; or mailed, post-paid, on receipt of price._

New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed.

Mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where the missing quote should be placed.

The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

Page 41: " without the protection or counteance" ... "counteance" has been replaced with "countenance".

Page 48: "I had communicated to you unequivocally, before the 15th of December, 1824, my determition to vote for Mr. Adams" ... "determition" has been changed to "determination".

Page 162: " merely because they had owed they situations to some (whig) nobleman" ... the second "they" has been changed to "their".

Page 283: "for the gallant veterans of the Revotion" ... "Revotion" has been changed to "Revolution".

Page 375: " $2,850 for 01,000 copies of 'Gallatin on Banking,'" ... 01,1000 has been changed to 10,000.