Chapter XVIII: The Negro Langur. Semnopithecus Maurus

_Simia maura_, Schreber, Säugeth., i., p. 107, pl. xxii. B. (1775); Shaw,
Gen. Zool., i., p. 47 (1800).

_Cercopithecus maurus_, Erxleben, Syst. Régn. Anim., p. 41 (1777).

_Simia cristatus_, Raffles, Tr. Linn. Soc., xiii., p. 245 (1822).

_Semnopithecus maurus_, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat., Mamm., pl. xii. (1822);
Wagner, in Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl., v., p. 23 (1855); Gray, Cat.
Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 15 (1870); Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 54
(1876); Anderson, Zool. Res. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 27 (1878; with full
synonymy).

_Semnopithecus pyrrhus_, Horsfield, Zool. Res. Java, plate (1821); Schl.,
Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 50 (1876).

_Semnopithecus pruinosus_, Desmar., Mammolog., 1820, Suppl., p. 333;
Schl., Mus. Pays-Bas, vii., p. 58 (1876); Jentink, Notes Leyd. Mus., xi.,
p. 215, pl. ix. (1887); id., _op. cit._, xiii., p. 207 (1891).

_Simia ceylonicus_, Desmoul., Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., vii., p. 572
(1825).

{126}_Semnopithecus cristatus_, Müll., Tijds. V. Nat. Gesch., ii., p. 316
(1835); Müll. et Schl., Verhandl., pp. 61, 77, pl. 12, fig. 1 (young;
1839-44); Gray, Cat. Monkeys Brit. Mus., p. 15 (1870); Anderson, Zool.
Res. Exped. Yun-nan, p. 29 (1878); Hose, Mamm. Borneo, p. 15 (1893).

CHARACTERS.--Hair radiating from a centre, or divergent all round the face, which is reddish-black; long and bushy whiskers on the sides of the face and passing behind the ears. Hair generally long. General colour all over, deep black, the hairs tipped with silver-grey in aged individuals; spot at the under side of the base of the tail white. Length of body, 17½ inches; of tail, 23½ inches.

YOUNG.--Uniform reddish-brown, changing soon to the colour of the adult; the rufous vanishing from the whiskers last of all. The colour of the young is said especially to be the case in females only, and to persist through life; but, as Dr. Anderson remarks, it is not a common variety, and such coloured adults are highly prized in Java.

DISTRIBUTION.--Malay Peninsula. Sumatra; Padang, Bencoolen, the Lampongs. Java. Billiton. Borneo; on the Baram river, and also on Mt. Dulit.

HABITS.--These Monkeys ascend the mountains in Borneo to about 2,000 feet; they are also fairly common in the low country, and are called by the Dyaks "Bigok," and by the Kayans "Chikok," from the noise they make. (_C. Hose._)