Chapter II: Peristome Single

SUB-DIV. I. Calyptra mitriform.

† Calyptra plicato-striate.

_a._ teeth four.

TETRAPHIS (38). Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose; per. teeth long rigid, with irregular longitudinal lines; areolæ hexagonal. 98.

TETRODONTIUM (39). Annual, stem none, gregarious; l. few, very minute. 99.

_b._ Teeth 16, equidistant.

PTYCHOMITRIUM (35). Caps. erect, regular, tapering at base, annulus large, lid conico-rostrate; teeth bifid, not hygroscopic; calyptra deeply furrowed, mitriform, subulate above, shorter than capsule; infl. monoicous; barren. fl. gemmiform, generally axillary. 89.

_c._ Teeth 16, in pairs.

GLYPHOMITRIUM (34). Calyptra large ventricose laciniate below, entirely covering the capsule, contracted at the base; Infl. as in last; per. teeth hygroscopic reflexed when dry. 88.

ORTHOTRICHUM (36). (partly) Perennial in round tufts; caps. erect, immersed or exserted, pear-shaped or elliptical, with 8, rarely 16, coloured striæ; peristome either single or double, sometimes absent; outer of 32 teeth, connected so as to seem 8 or 16, broad and flat, inner of 8 or 16 equal cilia, or 16 alternately shorter ones; lid short, conico-rostellate; calyptra large campanulate, with about eight furrows, base somewhat torn, and mostly covered with short hair-like processes, but not contracted. 89.

† † Calyptra smooth, not plicate.

_a._ Teeth 16, equidistant.

* Perennial, caulescent, cæspitose.

ENCALYPTA (partly) [29.] _vide ante. p. 2._

SCHISTIDIUM. Caps. immersed, obovate or roundish, mouth wide; calyptra small, conico-mitriform, columella adhering to the deciduous lid; teeth large, barred, without medial lines, often perforate. Infl. monoicous or dioicous (included in _Grimmia_).

GRIMMIA (32). Caps. pedicillate, seta often flexuose, ovate or oblong, rarely ventricose, sometimes striated, teeth large lanceolate, barred, perforate, bi-trifid; calyptra five-lobed at base, sometimes dimidiate; columella free. Infl. monoicous or dioicous.; areolæ small dense, larger at base. 77.

RACOMITRIUM (33). Caps. oblong, erect, smooth, on a straight pedicel, teeth bi-trifid, sometimes very long, sometimes short, filiform unequal; calyptra large, with a subulate solid papillose beak, lid conico-subulate, straight; leaves with sinuous areolæ. Infl. dioicous. 86.

* * Annual or biennial, gregarious; leaves setaceous.

CAMPYLOSTELIUM (8). Caps. drooping, on a bent seta oblong, smooth; teeth long lanceolate, barred, entire at base, cleft at summit, and connected by a membrane at base; calyptra small, conico-subulate, five-cleft at base. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. gemmiform; areolæ minute, much enlarged and diaphanous at base. 36.

BRACHYODUS (9). Caps. oblong sub-striate, teeth very short truncate, partly confluent, equidistant; lid convex with a slender beak; calyptra conical, three to five-lobed at base, sub-dimidiate. Infl. monoicous gemmiform. St. very short, annual or biennial. 36.

_b._ Teeth 16, in pairs, plane, reflexed when dry.

SPLACHNUM (65). Caps. sub-cylindrical or ovate, on a very large spongy coloured apophysis; teeth lanceolate oblong obtuse, plane, yellowish; calyptra small, entire or lacerated at base. Infl. generally dioicous; barren, fl. capituliform, naked or with small scattered leaves. 133.

_c._ Peristome a conical plicate membrane.

DIPHYSCIUM (41). Caps. very large sessile, oblique ovate, gibbous; calyptra small, entire at base, scarcely covering the conical lid. 99.

SUB-DIV. II. Calyptra dimidiate.

_a._ Calyptra inflexed at base, at first conico-mitriform, caps.
clavato-pyriform; teeth 16 or 32 plane, more or less paired, with a
medial line.

DISSODON (68). Caps. oval, with a long solid tapering neck, lid conico-convex, obtuse, teeth 32, united into eight bi-geminate teeth, or into 16 pairs, linear-lanceolate, incurved when dry; leaves obtuse entire. Infl. monoicous or synoicous, barren fl. gemmiform. 134.

TAYLORIA (67). Caps. with a long clavate or sub-pyriform neck; teeth 16, or 32 cohering in pairs, reflexed when dry; leaves acuminate serrated. Infl. monoicous; barren fl. capituliform. 134.

_b._ Calyptra not indexed at base.

* Teeth in eight pairs, reflexed when dry.

TETRAPLODON (66). Caps. with a solid clavate or oval apophysis wider than itself; leaves loosely reticulated, acuminate. Infl. monoicous, barren fl. gemmiform or capituliform, 3–5–leaved. 134.

ZYGODON (37) (partly). Caps. erect, pyriform, striated, apophysate. Perist. double, single, or absent; outer teeth 32 united two or four together, representing 16 or 8 plane teeth, inner of 8 or 16 cilia, alternating; calyptra small cucullate smooth oblique, lid obliquely rostrate; leaves minutely dotted. 97.

* * Teeth 16 equidistant, simple, or nearly so.

‡ Caps. pyriform or oval, erect or inclined.

ENTOSTHODON (58). Caps. erect, pyriform, symmetrical; lid plano-convex, teeth short and broad triangular; calyptra inflated below, cucullate; leaves loosely reticulated. 127.

MIELICHHOFERIA (53). Caps. pyriform, inclined or horizontal, on a slender curved seta; calyptra small, not inflated; teeth longer, linear-subulate, confluent and dilated at base. 124.

BLINDIA (13). Caps. roundish, turbinate-erect; teeth 16 lanceolate, remotely barred, entire or perforate, sometimes cleft; calyptra angular at base, afterwards cleft on one side; seta short; perennial cæspitose. 39.

SELIGERIA (10). Caps. roundish-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate obtuse, sometimes perforate, without medial line; calyptra small cucullate; leaves setaceous; stems annual or biennial gregarious, not cæspitose. Infl. monoicous, terminal gemmiform. 37.

BRACHYODUS (9). _See page 6._

RHABDOWEISSIA (7). Caps. shortly oval, eight-striate, wide mouthed, teeth lanceolate or subulate, barred, without medial line; beak slender, inclined; calyptra cucullate; leaves channelled lax; stems perennial, cæspitose. 36.

WEISSIA (6). Caps. oblong-ovate, smooth, teeth lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, free at base, without medial line, convex, sometimes perforate and bifid; leaves of close texture; stems as above. 33.

ANACALYPTA (22). Caps. oval on a long straight pedicel; teeth united at base by a membrane, plane, lanceolate, entire or perforate, no medial line; leaves succulent with lax areolæ; stem annual or biennial. 57.

‡ ‡ Caps. globose, nearly horizontal.

DISCELIUM (64). Almost stemless; caps. decurrent into the suddenly bent neck; teeth lanceolate, cleft half way from base upwards; leaves few minute, gemmiform. 133.

CATASCOPIUM (63). Caps. smooth, shining, neck bent, and tapering into the seta, mouth somewhat oblique; teeth short truncate, irregular, barred, with a medial line; leaves numerous, nerved, of firm texture. 132.

CONOSTOMUM (62). Caps. cernuous, obscurely furrowed when dry; teeth linear-lanceolate, barred, converging and united together into a cone; perennial. 132.

* * * Teeth 16, deeply bifid, equidistant.

‡ Caps. erect, symmetrical.

DESMATODON (23). Caps. oval or oblong, sometimes almost pendulous; teeth subulate, united at base by a membrane, bi-trifid; lid rostellate; leaves soft broad, papillose at back. 58.

‡ ‡ Caps. sub-erect, rather unequal.

CYNODONTIUM (15). Caps. ovate-oblong, or obliquely sub-pyriform, smooth, teeth lanceolate, connivent, dilated at base, entire or cleft to base, sometimes barred, deep red; lid rostrate. 39.

ARCTOA (14). Caps. oval or almost turbinate, striate, contracted below the wide mouth when dry; teeth lanceolate subulate, cleft, or perforate and entire, bars not prominent; lid large, obliquely rostrate. 39.

‡ ‡ ‡ Caps. cernuous or inclined, unequal.

DICRANUM (16). Caps. mostly cernuous, smooth or striated, regular, gibbous or curved, with a tapering apophysis, or sometimes strumose, teeth equidistant, confluent at base, incurved, lanceolate, cleft half way into unequal portions, barred, occasionally perforate, with a medial line; lid rostrate oblique; leaves of close texture, nerved and more or less secund; areolation linear at the base. 40.

[DICRANELLA. Plant smaller than in _Dicranum_, and less robust, areolation rectangular at the base, in other respects similar.]

LEUCOBRYUM (17). Caps., lid and peristome as in _Dicranum_. Leaves spongy, composed of a double layer of loose cellular tissue, white or pale glaucous green, sub-secund, nerve indistinct. 49.

FISSIDENS (71). Caps. cernuous or erect, more or less truncate, teeth long and tapering from a lanceolate base, cleft half way into unequal segments, geniculate, barred; fruit in some species _cladocarpous_, leaves vertically distichous. 135.

CERATODON (18). Caps. sub-cylindrical unequal, with a short ventricose or strumose neck; teeth deeply cleft, or of two equal subulate portions connected below by prominent trabeculæ, of two differently coloured laminæ, the outer red, the inner and broader yellow. 49.

‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Capsule on an arcuate seta.

CAMPYLOPUS (20). Caps. oval or oblong, regular or gibbous on upper side, tapering at base, striated, lid conico-subulate or rostrate, teeth deeply bifid; calyptra large, fringed at base; leaves with a broad nerve. 50.

DICRANODONTIUM (19). Caps. elliptical smooth, teeth linear-lanceolate, cleft nearly to base into unequal portions, obliquely striate; calyptra not fringed at base. 49.

* * * * Teeth 32, in pairs, narrow or filiform.

DIDYMODON (25). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical, teeth 32 (16 Wilson) linear-lanceolate, _not obviously united by a basilar membrane_, tender and fugacious, entire or perforate. 58.

TRICHOSTOMUM (26). Caps. erect, sub-cylindrical or oval, smooth, teeth 32 in unequal pairs (often so united as to appear 16 simple or perforate teeth), connected by a narrow basilar membrane, persistent. 60.

DISTICHIUM (24). Caps. as in last; teeth 32 (16 Wilson) not confluent at base, linear-lanceolate, entire, perforate or cleft, with a medial line; leaves _distichous_, setaceous from a sheathing base. 58.

TORTULA (27). Caps. mostly erect ovate-oblong, smooth, teeth 32 very long filiform _twisted_, articulate papillose, outer cellules yellow, inner red, often united into a membrane at base; leaves not distichous. 63.

CINCLIDOTUS (28). Caps. immersed ovate or oval, smooth, teeth 32 perfect or rudimentary, adhering at top to columella, contorted, anastomosing at base. 74.

* * * * * Teeth 32 or 64 equidistant, short, obtuse, connected at apex
by a tympanum, formed of dilated apex of columella; nerve of leaf
covered with vertical lamellæ.

† Caps. not angular.

ATRICHUM (42). Caps. cylindrical, erect or cernuous, calyptra narrow, almost naked, spinulose at apex only; teeth 32 ligulate rigid, united at base by a narrow membrane, leaves not sheathing, lamellæ few, nerve narrow. Columella round. 100.

OLIGOTRICHUM (43). Caps. sub-cylindrical, erect, gibbous, peristome as above; calyptra slightly setose at apex; leaves sheathing at base, more lamellated, nerve wider; columella winged. 101.

POGONATUM (44) Caps. ovate or urceolate, regular, erect or inclined, calyptra very hairy, peristome as above; leaves rigid, densely lamellated, nerve thick and broad. 101.

† † Caps. angular; teeth 64, rarely 32.

POLYTRICHUM (46). Caps. with a discoid apophysis, erect, when ripe horizontal; teeth 64 (in some species 32). Calyptra very hairy; leaves as in last. 102.