Chapter XXXVI: Preparation of the Universal Beverage (10)

Signs, Coffee-house
London, 602, 603
Bowman's, 54
Morat (Amurath), 62
Rosée's, 54
Soliman, 62
New York, 117, 124
King's Arms, 124

Signs, Grocers'
Lowell, Ebenezer (New York), 467
Richards, Smith (New York), 124

Silver c.-pots, 619

Silver skin, 136, 138

Silversmiths, American, 609, 612

Silversmiths Society, 612

Simmonds, W. Lee, 478

Simmonds & Bayne, 478

Simmonds & Co., H., 478

Simmonds & Co., W. Lee, 478

Simmonds & Newton, 478

Simon, Jr., M., _pat._, 167

Simonds H., 478

Sinclair, Evans & Elliot, 508

Singleton, Esther, _q._, 105, 115, 709

Sinnot, J.B., 505

Sino-Lowestoft c.-pot, 607

Sion & Co., 340

_Sir Antoine Shirlies Trauelles_, Parry, _q._, _ill._, 38

Sirups (_see_ Syrups)

Sizing (_see_ Grading), 258

Skiddy, Francis, 479

Skiddy, Minford & Co., 479, 485, 530

Skinner, Cyriac, 60

"Skyscraper" coffee house, 112, 113

Slacks, 322

Slave auctions, Phila., _ill._, 128

Slemmons & Conkling, 508

Sloane, Sir Hans, 86, 543, 582

Sloss, Robert, _q._, 531

Slow roast, 387

Small, C.K., 477, 480

Small, John, 480

Small Bros. & Co., 477, 479, 480

Smalls & Bacon, 480

Smart, Joseph F., _pat._, 653

Smith, Adam, 81, 583

Smith, Clarence 480

Smith, Daniel, _chk._, 129

Smith, Frank, 499

Smith, George H., 501

Smith, John (Capt.), 105, 543,;
_q._, 36

Smith, John Thomas, 583;
_q._, 569

Smith, Michael E., 503

Smith, Mrs., _chk._, 119

Smith, Nathaniel, 584

Smith, Robert, 501

Smith, Robert A., 501

Smith, Sidney, _q._, 567

Smith, William T., 501

Smith, William V.R., 523, 524

Smith & Co., D., 476

Smith & Co., Thomas, 700

Smith & Curtis, 507

Smith & McKenna, 505

Smith & McNell, 494

Smith & Schipper, 485

Smith & Son, Robert, 501

Smith & Son, Thomas, 637, 639, 699

Smith & Sons, Robert, 501

Smith Bros. & Co., 505

Smith Bros., 486

Smith Bros. & Co. Ltd., 505

Smith's Sons, M.V.R., 480

Smith's Sons, Robert, 501

Smoke screens (Guatemala), 219

Smollett, 559

Smooth (_see_ Flavors)

Smout, Jules, _pat._, 248

Smyser, Henry L., 523;
_pat._, 470

Sobieranski, _q._, 186

Sobieski, King John, 49

Sociedade Promotora da Defesa do Café, 446

Société de Café Soluble Belna, 539

Société Generale, 532, 534

Society of Antiquaries, 602

Society of the Friends of Music, 597

Soda fountains, 689

Soils
Australia, 238
Best, 198, 201
Brazil, 198, 205
Costa Rica, 225
Federated Malay States, 238
Venezuela, 212

Soliman Aga, 91

Soliman the Great, 18, 19

Sollmann, _q._, 182, 183

Soluble coffee, 404, 406
Brands, 470, 538, 539
History of, 538, 539
Kato's patent, 471
Processes, 169
U.S. Army war needs, 539
Washington's patent, 471

Soluble Coffee Co., 539

Somers, A.L., 507

_Songs of Brittany_, 548

Sons of Liberty, 120

Sorenson, John S., 520

Sorenson & Nielson, 482, 520

Sorley, William, 480, 491

Sorting machinery, 245

Sorver, Damon & Co., 485

Soulie, 102

Soup, Coffee, 177

Sour (_see_ Flavors)

South Sea bubble, 571, 572

Southern boom (1904), 530

Southern Coffee Mills, Inc., 505

Southern Coffee Polishing Mills, 505

Southern Cross, _v._, 316

Southern Pacific Co., 489

Souvestre, Emile, _q._, 565

Spatula (_see_ Roasting machinery), 616

Specialty stores, 415, 421

_Spectator_, _per._, 75, 80, 85, 88, 558, 573, 584;
_q._, 86, 87, 560, 561, 572, 575, 582

Spencer, G.L., _q._, 165

Sperry Flour Co., 488

_Spice Mill_, _per._, 470, 526, 527

_Spice-Mill Companion_, 427

Splitting nickels, 427

Spot brokers, 336, 337

Spot of leaf and fruit (_see_ Diseases)

Spot Market, New York, 329, 330

Spot quotation committee (N.Y. Exch.), 334

Sprague, Albert A., 502

Sprague, Irvin A., 477

Sprague, O.S.A., 502

Sprague & Rhodes, 477

Sprague & Stetson, 502

Sprague & Warner, 502

Sprague, Warner & Co., 483, 502

Sprague, Warner & Griswold, 502

Spreckels & Bros. Co., J.D., 488

Spring Garden Iron Works, 245

Spruce, Richard, _q._, 200

Squier, George L., 246

Squier Mfg. Co., Geo. L., 246, 247, 469

St. Germain's Fair (_see_ Coffee houses, Paris)

St. Serf, Thomas, _q._, 554

Stachan, John, _chk._, 119

Stacie, _chk._, 579, 580;
_q._, 581

Stadium (circus), New York, 124

Stage coaches, Boston, 110, 112

Stamp Act (1765), 120, 125, 128

Stamps, Trading, 429

Stanton, Sheldon & Co., 479

Star Coffee and Spice Mills, 506

_Star_, London, _newsp._, 585

Star Mills, 494, 499

Starhemberg, Rudiger von, 49, 50

State of São Paulo Pure C. Co. Ltd., 445

_Statistical Abstract, U.S._, _q._, 299

Statue of Kolschitzky, 599

Steam power for roasting, 631, 635

Steel-cut, 401, 714
Baker-Duncombe suit, 649

Steele, Mrs., _chk._, 121

Steele, Sir Richard, 75, 80, 84, 557, 570, 572, 576, 577, 578, 579;
_q._, 558, 559

Steele & Co., E.L.G.S., 487

Steele & Emery, 508

Steele & Price, 470

Steele, Wedeles Co., 485

Steele-Wedeles Co., 502

Steeping, 720

Ste.-Foix, 94

Steinwender, Julius, 482

Steinwender, Stoffregen, 485

Steinwender, Stoffregen & Co., 338, 340, 482, 502

Steinwender, Stoffregen Co., 484

Stella (Esther Vanhomrigh), 562

Stenhouse, _q._, 163

_Stenophylla, C._, 216
Botanical description, 140

_Stenophylla_ × _Abeokutæ_, _hyb._, 146

_Stenophylla Paris, C._, 146

Stephen, _chk._, 93

Stephens, Alvan, 507

Stephens, Henry A., 507

Stephens Samuel R., 507

Stephens & Co., A., 502

Stephens & Sons, A., 507

Stephens & Widlar, 507

Steppe, J.P., _pat._, 649

Sterility, C. and, 23, 46

Sternau, Sigmund, _pat._, 649

Sternau & Co., S., 649

Sterne, Richard, 601

Stetson, Z.B., 502

Stevens, Alfred, 103

Stevens, Henry B., _pat._, 247

Stevens, W. & S., 508

Stevens & Armstrong, 480

Stevens, Armstrong & Hartshorn, 480

Stevens Bros. & Co., 480

Stewart, C.H., _q._, 349

Stewart, James, 478

Stewart, Robert C., 477, 498

Stewart & Co., C.M., 485

Stewart & Co., R.C., 477

Stewart & Walker, 478

Stickney & Poor, 501

Still & Sons, W.M., 647, 674

Stillman, Abel, _pat._, 627

Stiner & Co., Joseph, 409

Stitt, William J., 494, 497

Stitt & Co., W.J., 497, 499

Stock Exchange, New York, 122

Stofffregen, Carl H., 448, 511, 535

Stokes, John, 129

Stoning machinery, 381, 394, 395

Storage
Havre, 327
New York, 319, 321
Santos, 303
Venezuela, 315

_Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata, La_, Molmenti, _q._, 27

Storm, Walter, 482

Storm, Smith & Co., 482

Story, Rufus G., 479, 496

Story & Co., R.G., 496

Story-tellers in c. houses, 666, 669

Stoufs, Joseph, 590

Stowe, Orson W., _pat._, 644

Strassberger, L., _pat._, 649

Straus, Oscar, 672

Strauss & Sons, L., 518

Street brokers, 337

Stringer, Mary, _chk._, 56

Strong, Joseph, 508

Strowbridge, Turner, _pat._, 644

Stuart, Alexander, 503

Stump, Aug., 482, 484

Stumpp & Co., August, 482

_Suakurensis, C._ (Java), 216

Substitute, C., advertising, 437, 438
Charts, 440, 441

Substitute-fakers, 435

Substitutes, 170
Barley, 13, 46
Betony, 74
Bocket, 74
Cereal (harmful to diabetics), 165
Chicory, 46
Corn, 46
Figs, dried, 46
Russia, 686
Saloop (sassafras and sugar), 73, 74
United States (1st patent), 470
Wheat, 46

Succory (_see_ Chicory)

Succop & Lips, 503

Sucrose, 165

Suess-Oppenheimer, Joseph, 47

Sugar in c., 26, 58, 91, 98, 106, 667
Cairo (first use, 1625), 657, 695
Consumption (U.S.), 689
Great Britain (17th cent.), 696
Greece, 685
North America, 105

Sugar of c., 165

Sugar Trust fight, 521-523

Sullivan, Luke, 85, 584

Sully, D.J., 530, 572

Sultan, Café, 658

Sultane, Café, 694

Sumatras (c.), 355, 370-372

Sumerling & Co., 674

Sun, London, _newsp._, 578

_Sun_, New York, _newsp._, _q._, 175

_Sunshine_, _per._, 524

Sutton & Vansant, 485

Swain, Earle & Co., 501

Swaythling, Lord, 604

Swazey, S.L., 479

Sweated c., 316, 317
Artificial (U.S. rulings), 337
Sailing vessels, 353

Sweeney, John, 492

Sweet (_see_ Flavors)

Sweet c.'s, 397

Sweet-bitter c.'s, 397

Swett, E.H., 501

Swift, Jonathan, 80, 84, 88, 89, 557, 562, 570, 573, 577, 578, 579, 587;
_q._, 571, 575

Swift & Co., H.H., 482

Swift, Billings & Co., 485

_Sylva Sylvarum_, Bacon, _q._, 38, 543

Syndicates
Arnold-Dash-Kimball, 527, 528
German Trading Co., 528

_Syria, The Holy Land_, Carne, _q._, 668-670

Syrups, Coffee; recipe for, 724

Szekacs, _q._, 185

Szyszka, _q._, 185

Tabasco c., 345, 358

Taber & Place, 434, 496

_Table, The_, _per._, 675

_Table Traits_, Doran, _q._, 705

Tachiras (c.), 349, 365

Tackaberry, William, 509

Tackaberry Co., Wm., 509

Taine, 102

Talbot, Winslow & Co., 507

Talbutt, Robert H., _pat._, 647

Talleyrand, Prince, 103;
_q._, 565

Tampico c., 345, 359

Tannin, 160, 182, 711

Tapachula c., 345, 358

Tapperi, David, _q._, 11

Tapping hands (Arabia), 312

_Tatler_, _per._, 75, 80, 85, 86, 561, 572;
_q._, 558, 559, 571, 573, 575, 584

Tatlock, _q._, 159

Tavernier, 31, 543;
_q._, 2

Taverns
Boston
Blue Anchor (inn), 109
Bunch of Grapes, 111
Cole's (Inn), 109
First, 108
Green Dragon, 613
Indian Queen, 109, 110
King's Head, 109
Ship, 109
Sun, 109, 110
Red Lyon (inn), 109
London
Barn, 584
Golden, 583
Locket's Ordinary, 569
Mermaid, 60
Rose, 56
Shakespeare's Head, 576
New York
Atlantic Garden House, 117, 121
Black Horse, 118
Fighting Cocks, 118
Fraunces', 121
Jamaica Pilot Boat, 118
King's Head, 117
Queen's Head, 119
White Lion, 117
Philadelphia, 125
Blue Anchor (first), 126
City, 125, 128, 129, 130
Globe (inn), 126
New, 129
Smith's, 129

Taxation
Arabia, 231
England (1714), 59
Germany, 47
Royal monopoly (1781), 46
Porto Rico (exemptions), 222
São Paulo (valorization), 534
Turkey, 20
(_See also_ Duties; Fines; Licenses; Pure food, etc.)

Taylor, C.K., _q._, 177

Taylor, James H., 477

Taylor, John, 578

Taylor, William, 475

Taylor & Co., James H., 477, 479, 485

Taylor & Co., Moses, 476

Taylor & Levering, 484, 485

Tea, 35
Action in stomach, 178
American colonies
Introduction, 105, 106
Stamp act (1765) increases consumption, 106
Smuggled from Netherlands, 106
Antiquity, 15
Canada, 687
Discovery, 12
Great Britain
Consumption compared with c., 288, 289
First sold in London (1657), 56
Imports (1700-57), 75
Introduced at Court, 582
National beverage, 75
Preferred to c., 674
Prices (1662, 1714), 582
Sold in c. houses, 61, 78, 80
Taxation, 59
Eulogized by Mosely, 38
Johnson, Sam'l, 568
Europe (first used, 1610), 23
Literary stimulus, 357, 358
Mental efficiency, Effect on, 186
Philadelphia (introduction), 125
Russia, 686
United States
Consumption per capita (1783), 468
Consump. comp. with c., 288, 289
Imports (1783), 468
Laws affecting, 337

Tea and coffee pots, 609

_Tea and Coffee Trade Journal_, _per._, 138, 402;
_q._, 34, 147, 155, 160, 161, 168, 175, 176, 177, 178,
179, 180, 181, 186, 387, 388, 399, 410, 418, 421, 422,
427, 439, 527, 558, 679, 689, 693, 715, 717, 720
Begins publication (1901), 472
Ukers assumes editorship (1904), 527
Urges nat'l organization of roasters, 511

Tea gardens (_see_ Gardens)

Tea party (_see_ Boston; New York)

Tea-rooms (London), 675, 677

Teeth, Effects of c. on, 175

Tegals (_c._), 355, 373

T'eh (tea), 35

Teixelra, Pedro, _q._, 2

Telephone in retail stores, 424

Tellicherry c., 351, 369

Temperance, C. and, 61

Tennent, Robert Bowman, _pat._, 246

Terminology, 168

Terms and credits, 403, 513-515

Terms and discounts (Brazil), 306

Terry, Edward, _q._, 36

Testing (France), 679, 680

_Text Book of Physiology_, Flint, _q._, 176

Teyssonnier, 146

Thackeray, W.M., 103;
_q._, 563

Thannhauser & Co., 488

Thayer, Byron T., 501

_Theatrum botanicum_, Parkinson, 543;
_q._, 41

Thebaud, Joseph, 476

Thein, 160

Theobromin, 160

_Therapeutic Gazette_, _per._, _q._, 176

Thery, _q._, 543

Thévenot, 543

Thomas, C., 501

Thomas, Elizabeth, 575

Thomas, Gov., 127

Thomas, R.G., 494

Thomas Co., R.G., 494

Thomas & Son, J.W., 508

Thomas & Turner, 494

Thompson, Benjamin, _inv._, 621;
_q._, 163
(_See also_ Rumford)

Thompson, Dr., _q._, 159, 181

Thompson, James, 492

Thompson, James Henry, _pat._, 246

Thompson, Patience, 492

Thompson, W.D., 479

Thompson & Bowers, 478, 480

Thompson & Davis, 479

Thompson Bros., 479

Thompson Co., J. Walter, 445

Thompson, Shortridge & Co., 478, 479

Thomsen & Co., 479

Thomson, A.M., 502

Thomson, James, 502

Thomson, James (poet), 574

Thomson, A.M. & James, 502

Thomson & Taylor, 502

Thomson & Taylor Co., 502

Thomson & Taylor Spice Co., 484, 502, 509

Thorn, A.B., 499

Thornley, Jesse, 501

Thornley & Bro., 501

Thornley & Ryan, 501

Thornton, Richard J., 505

Thornton, Richard J. (Mrs.), 505

Thornton & Co., R.J., 505

Thornton & Hawkins, 505

Thorpe, _q._, 159, 164

_Thousand and One Nights_ (_see Arabian Nights_)

_Three Reigns of Nature_, Delille, _q._, 547

Thum, _pat._, 158, 164

Thumb-piece on English c. pots, 620

Thurber, A.D., 499

Thurber, Francis B., 557;
_q._, 182, 712

Thurber, H.K., 482

Thurber & Co., H.K., 499

Thurber & Co., H.K. & F.B., 482

Thurlow, Lord, 80, 88, 572

Thurmer, Max, 640, 641

Tibiriçá, Jorge, 531

_Times_, London, _newsp._ 585;
_q._, 175

_Times_, New York, _newsp._, 671, 672

Tilloch, Dr., 585

Tillyard, Arthur, 41

Timbs, John, 557;
_q._, 53, 69, 555, 570-585

Timby, _pat._, _q._, 157

Timor c., 355, 376

Tinned coffee (Great Britain), 673

Tinney, Henry C., 509

Tipping, origin of, 74

To arrive, 330
San Francisco, 327

Tobacco
In c. houses, 42, 77, 78, 84, 98
Intoxication, 182

Todd, Robert, 118

Togami, K., _q._, 179

Toledo & Co., Filipe S., 340

Tolimas (c.), 348, 364

Tolman Co., J.A., 485

Tomkyns, _chk._, 576

Toms, G.W., 513

Tone, Isaac E., 509

Tone, Jay E., 508, 509

Tone, Jekiel, 509

Tone, W.E., 509, 510, 511

Tone Bros., 509

Tonkin c., 352, 370

Tonti, Lorenzo, 122

Torner, Richard, _chk._, 572

Torro & Co., Louis M., 340

Totten & Bro., W.W., 508

Touches, Vicomte des, 532, 534

Tovars (c.), 349, 350, 365

_Town Eclogues_, Montagu, 573

Townsend, 496

Tractors, electric (Bush Co.), 322

Tracy & Avery Co., 485

Trade
New Orleans, 485-487
Overproduction disturbs (1898), 471
San Francisco, 487-491
Shifting currents, 293, 294, 295, 296
United States, 475-515
(1921), 299-302
Aden and, 301
Brazil and, 300
Tariff preferentials, 296
Booms, 468, 469
Central Am. and, 296, 300
Chronological review, 467-474
Colombia and, 300
Development (1865-1922), 297-299
Mexico and, 301
Netherlands E. Ind. and, 301
Panic (1880), 470
Venezuela and, 300
West Indies and, 301

Trade and Statistics Committee (N.Y. Exch.), 334

Trade Marks, U.S., 413, 469, 470

Trade names of c.'s (_see_ Characteristics)

Trading, 291-302
Amsterdam (1640), 105
Brazil, 295
Early, 293
Europe, 327-340
Germany (begins 1670), 293
Havre, 327
Netherlands, 293, 294
First cargo sold (1640), 43
New York (early), 115
U.S. rulings, 337, 338
San Francisco and Central Am., 325
Sweden (begins 1674), 293

Trading stamps, 429

Traffic Assn. of St. Louis Coffee Importers (1910), 510

Trafton, C.K., _q._, 527

_Traités Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, etc._, Dufour, _q._, 2, 11, 432, 433

Transhipping ports, Europe, 289

Transportation, Inland
Abyssinia, 228, 229, 308, 310
Arabia, 266, 282, 293
Bolivia, 279
Brazil, 303
Central America, 308
Colombia, 308, 316
Nicaragua, 280
Venezuela, 308

Transportation, Seven stages of, 323

Travancore c., 351, 369

_Travels_, Herbert, _q._, 36

_Travels_, Rauwolf, _q._, 25

_Travels_, Teixeira, _q._, 2

_Travels and Adventure_, Smith, _q._, 36

_Travels in Arabia Deserts_, Daughty, _q._, 661

_Travels in India and Persia_, Della Valle, 27

_Travels of Certayne Englishmen, etc., The_, Biddulph, _q._, _ill._, 36

Travers & Son, Joseph, 445

_Treatise in Latin_, Meisner, 543

_Treatise on Modern Stimulants_, Balzac, _q._, 557

Tree, Coffee
Age, 203, 211, 213, 222
Salvador, 219
Chemistry of, 155
Height, 133, 142, 202
Arabia, 231
Indigenous to Abyssinia, 1, 5
Origin, 5
Wood, uses for, 138
Yield, 136, 203
Bolivia, 236
Brazil, 138
Colombia, 211
Mexico, 222
Nicaragua, 227
São Paulo, 208

Trees, Coffee
Number of
Brazil, 207, 208
Ecuador, 236, 278
Indo-China, French, 237
Guatemala, 219
Pernambuco, 205
São Paulo, 205, 207, 208
Venezuela, 212
Number to acre, 201
Colombia, 211
Haiti, 220
Porto Rico, 223
Venezuela, 213

Tremont Coffee & Spice Mills, 501

Trentman & Bro., C.A., 508

Trentman & Son, B., 508

Triage (grade), 258

_Tribune_, New York, _newsp._, _q._, 553

Tricolator, 168, 445, 651, 652, 701

Tricolette, 654

Triers, 321, 389

Trigg, C.W., _pat._, 406, 539;
_q._, 155, 174, 718-722

Trillado (grade), 260, 263

Trillo (grade), 264

Trinidad c., 351, 362

_Triumph of C._, Fakr-Eddin-Aboubeckr, 543

Troemner, Henry, 646, 472

_True Way of Making and Preparing C._, Broadbent, _q._, 697

Trujillos (c.), 350, 365

Trusdell & Phelps, 495

"Truth in advertising" movement, 435

Truxtun, Scott, 444

Tubermann's Son, G., _pat._, 638

Tupholme, Beeston, _pat._, 640

Turguenieff, 102

Turkey gruel, 70

Turkish ewer, 602, 603, 621

Turkish pocket cylinder mill, 615, 616, 617

Turner, A., 508

Turner, Robert, _chk._, 109

Turner (or Torner) Richard, _chk._, 572

Turner, William F., 480

Tussac, 8

Twitchell, Champlin & Co., 508

Tyler, George C., 556

Tyler, Henry D., 480

Typhoid fever, Effects of c. on, 181

Typografia Pizzolato, 558

Uganda c., 353, 377

_Ugandæ_, _C._, 146
Ceylon, 236
Java, 216

_Ungandae_ x _Congensis_, _hyb._, 146

Ukers, William H., 527

Ulman, Lewis & Co., 485

Umber, _q._, 182

Union Bag & Paper Corp., 472

Union Coffee Co., 477

Union Pacific Tea Co., 482, 501

_Universal history of plants_, Ray, 42, 543

University of Kansas, 714

University of Pittsburgh, 714

Unloading, 317-327
New Orleans, 323-325
New York, 317-323
San Francisco, 325-327

Unloading machinery, 325, 327

Uno Co., Ltd., 647

Untermeyer, Louis, _q._, 553

Urioste & Co., 488

Urruella & Urioste, 487

Urwin, William, _chk._, 84, 574

_U.S. Dispensatory_, _q._, 164, 184

Uses for c., New, 457

Utter, J.W., 503

Utter, Adams & Ellen, 503

Vacuum-packed c., 410
(_see also_ Containers)

Vacuum-packing, Effect of, 168

Valentijn, _q._, 2

Valorization (Brazil), 473, 530-534
N.C.R.A., 511
Norris, Senator, 532, 533
São Paulo, 295, 472, 534
Surtax, 315
Sielcken, H., 521, 531-534
U.S. gov't action, 534

Van Cortlandt museum, 122

Van Dam, Anthony, 475

Van dan Broeck, Pieter, 43

Van den Bosch, Gov., 214

Van Dessel, Rodo & Co., 340

Van Essen, 43

Van Etten, E., 538

Van Gulpen, Alexius, 246, 638

Van Gulpen & Co., 638

Van Gulpen, Lensing & von Gimborn, 638

Van Linschooten, Hans Hugo (John Huygen), _q._, _ill._, 35

Van Loan, Thomas, 497, 498

Van Loan & Co., 498

Van Loan, Maguire & Gaffney, 497, 498, 499

Van Loo, 588

Van Ommen, Adrian, 6, 43

Van Ostade, Adriaen, 44, 587

Van Outshoorn, 6

Van Vliet, C.W., _pat._, 634

Van Zandt & Co., M.N., 508

Vancouver, 239

Vanderhoef, George W., 479

Vanderhoef & Co., George W., 479

Vanderweyde, P.H., _pat._, 637

Vane, Gov., 109

Vanessa (_see_ Vanhomrigh)

Vanhomrigh, Esther, 562

Vaniére, 543

Vankorn, Guggenheimer & Co., 501

Vardy, James, _pat._, 627, 699

_Variegata, C._, _hyb._, 140

Varnar, 43

Vassieux, Madame, _pat._, 627, 700

Vatel, Charles, _q._, 566

Vaughn, V.C., _q._, 176, 177

Vauxhall garden, _ill._, 81, 82, 83

Velloni, _chk._, 103

Venard, G., 505

_Venetian Republic, The_, Hazlitt, _q._, 28

Venezuelas (c.), 348, 364, 365

Verborg, Henry, 503

Verdier & Closset, 507

Verlaine, Paul, 94

Verri, Alexander, 558

Verri, Pietro, 30, 558

_Vertu and use of c._, Bradley, _q._, 293

Vesling (Veslingius), _q._, 12, 26

Vickers. T.L., 498

Victoria Arduino-Societa Anonima, 651

Victorias (c.), 341, 343, 367

_Vie privée d'autrefois, La_, Franklin, _q._, 6

Viehoever, A., 160;
_q._, 144, 145

Vienna
Besieged by Turks (1693), 49
Coffee-makers' guild, 50

_Vienna, Relation of the siege of_, Vulcaren, _q._, 50

Villon, François, _q._, 135

Vilain, 594

Vincent c.-pot, 604

Vintschgau, 186

Virey, _q._, 20

Virgil, 543

Visconti, 558

Vitamins, 180

_Vitamines, The_, Funk, _q._, 180

Viviani, Count, _ill._, 578

Voit, Carl V., _q._, 177, 179

Volkman, George, 506

Voltaire, 94, 98, 178, 556, 557;
_q._, 554, 565

_Voyage de l' Arabie Heureuse_, La Roque, 543;
_q._ 15, 31, 32, 34, 197

_Voyage into the Levant, A_, Blount, _q._, 38

Vulcaren, John P.A., _q._, 50

Vyal, John, _chk._, 109

Wagama, _v._, 316

Wagner & Co., H.M., 485

Wagon-route distributers
United States, 415, 416, 417
France, 681

Wagstaff, David, 476

Wahibis, 542

Waite, _pat._, 625

Waite, Creighton & Morrison, 477

Wakeful monastery, 14

Wakeman, Abram, 473, 478

Walbridge, Augustus, 480

Walbridge Inc., Augustus M., 480

Wales, Henry, 508

Walker, John, _pat._, 245, 246

Walker, Joshua, 478

Walker Sons & Co. Ltd., 246, 247

Wall, Dr., 579

Wallace, Alexander, 475

Wallace, Alfred Russel, _q._, 200

Wallace, C.L.H. (Mrs.), _q._, 181

Wallace, Hugh, 475

Wallace, John William, _q._, 126

Wallace, William, _q._, 657

Walle, Friedrich, 591

Wallen, Geo. S., 482

Wallen & Co., Geo S., 482

Walpole, Sir Edward, 583

Walpole, Horace, 578, 580, 584

Walsh, Rev. Robert, _q._, 557, 663-664

Walton, William, 475

_Wanni Rukula, C._, 144

Ward, Ned, _q._, 77, 84, 575

Wardell, _q._, 185

Ware (architect), 583, 584

Warfield, John D., 502

Warfield. W.S., 502

Warne, E., 508

Warner, Alonzo A., _pat._, 648, 649

Warner, C.M., 538

Warner, Ezra J., 502

Warnier, _q._, 164, 169, 719

Warren, 110

Warren & Bedwell, 506

Warren & Co., 482

Warton, Joseph, 573

Warwick, Lady, 575, 576

Wascana, _v._, 316

Wash-brew, 58

Washed _vs._ Unwashed, 250, 251

Washing machinery, 247

Washington, G., _pat._, 471, 538

Washington, George (Gen.), 120, 130, 468
Official welcome, New York, _ill._, 593

Washington, Martha, 130

Washington Refining Co., George, 538

Washington and Jefferson college, 521

Washington's Prepared C., G., 538

Wastell, 603

Water extract, 168, 169

Water power, Nicaragua, 264

Waterbury & Force, 482

Water-supply requirements, 198

Watering, Excessive, 513

Watjen, Toel & Co., 482

Watson, _q._, 126

Waygood, Tupholme Co., 641

Wear F.F., _pat._, 651

Webb, James R., 501

Webb, Rudolphus L., _pat._, 644

Webb, Thomas J., 502, 511

Webb & Son, James R., 501

Webb, Cheek & Co., 509

Webb, Hughes & Co., 509

Webb-Puhl Co., 443

Webber, _q._, 186

Webster, _q._, 704

Webster, Daniel, 110

Webster, George, 124

Wedding Breakfast (brand), 441

Wedgwood, 607, 612

Wedmeyer, _q._, 187

Weighing machinery, 403, 471

Weighmasters (N.Y. Exch.), 333

Weikel & Smith, 501

Weikel & Smith Spice Co., 470, 501, 635

Weir, J.B., 499

Weir, Ross W., 466, 448, 499, 511, 513, 514;
_q._, 424

Weir & Co., Ross W., 495, 499

Weir, Inc., Ross W., 495, 499

Weissman, John, 488

Weisweiller, _q._, 163

Weitzmann, _pat._, 158

Welch, Amos S., 492

Welch & Co., 488

Wellman, C.P., _q._, 410

Wells, D. Henderson, 482

Wells, John, 482

Wells Bros., 482, 485

Welsh, Ebenezer, 495

Wendroth, Clara, 519

Wessels & Bros., C., 482

Wessels, Kulenkampff & Co., 482

West Indies (c.), 350, 351, 361, 362, 363

West & Melchers, 485

Westcott, _q._, 126

Westen T. & S. Co., Edw., 485

Westfal, J.R., 496

Westfeldt Bros., 485, 486

Weston & Gray, 482

Westphal, _pat._, 167

Wet method, 136, 249, 252, 254

Wet roast, 389, 391

Wetherill, Charles M., _q._, 711, 712

Weyl & Co., G., 482

Weyl & Norton, 482

Wheeler & Co., Ezra, 478, 479

Whieldon, 607, 612

White coffee, 674

White, A.E., _pat._, 651

White, Francis, _chk._, 87

White, Herman M., _pat._, 625

White, Peregrine, 616

White House (brand), 441, 465

White Rose (brand), 441

Whitefoord, Caleb, 573

Whiting & Taylor, 502

Whiting, Goeble & Co., 502

Whitmarsh, Theodore F., 535

Wholesale Grocers Corp., 502

Wholesaling roasted c., 407-413
Capital invested, U.S., 415
Sales, annual, U.S., 415

_Wholesome advice against the abuse of hot liquors_, Duncan, _q._, 59

Wickersham, Att'ney Gen., 593

Widlar, Francis, 507

Widlar & Co., F., 507

Widlar Co., 507

Wiji Kawih, 11

Wilcox, O.W., _q._, 147

Wild (_see_ Flavors)

Wild c. (Abyssinia), 284

Wild, James, 469, 492

Wilde, Herbert W., 492

Wilde, John, 492

Wilde, Joseph, 492

Wilde, Samuel, 482;
_biog._, 492

Wilde, Jr., Samuel, 492

Wilde & Sons, Samuel, 492

Wilde's Sons, Samuel, 494, 499

Wilde's Sons Co., Samuel, 492

Wiley, Harvey W., _q._, 175, 176, 180, 182, 396

Wilhelm, R.C., _q._, 387, 393

Wilke, 579

Wilkie, 583

Willcox, O.W., _q._, 161, 388

Wille, Theodor, 532, 534

William III, 601

Williams, Frank, 477, 498

Williams & Co., R.C., 494

Williams & Potter, 494

Williams & Taft, 507

Williams, Chapin & Russell, 478

Williams, Dimmond & Co., 488

Williams, Russell & Co., 477, 478, 535

Williamson, C.G., _q._, 62

Williamson, Peregrine, _pat._, 468, 624

Williamson, S.H., 498

Willis, Thomas, _q._, 58

Wills & Co., Alexander, 508

Willson, Wm. B., 485

Wilson, Increase, _pat._, 623

Wilson, Woodrow, 534, 535

Wilson & Bowers, 480

Wilson & Co., J.W., 480

Wimmer, _pat._, 162, 473

Windbreaks, 201

Window-displays, 425

Window-trimming contest, 455

Wine
C. classed as, 1, 17, 20
C. a substitute for, 15, 42
Made from fruit, 15
Made from hulls and pulp, 693

Wing Bros. & Hart, 498

Winter, H., _pat._, 158, 167

Winter & Smilie, 482

Winthrop, Gov., 109

Winton, Andrew L., _q._, 150

Wise, Capt., 128

Withington, Elijah, _biog._, 492

Withington & Pine, 492

Withington & Wilde, 492

Withington, Francis & Welch, 492

Withington, Wilde & Welch., 494

Witsen, Nicolaas, 6, 43

Wittenagemott, 582

Wogan, Sir Charles, 575

Wolf & Seligsberg, 478

Wolff. L., 485

Wolseley, Viscountess, 604

Women as coffee sellers, 56

_Women's petition against c., The_, _pamph._, _ill._, 70, 71

Wood, Jr., H.C., _q._, 176, 185

Wood, Jarvis A., _q._, 431

Woods, Rufus, 485

Wood, Thomas R., _pat._, 634

Wood & Co., Thomas, 501

Woodward (actor), 579, 580

Woolson, A.M., 506, 523

Woolson Spice Co., 503, 506, 521, 523

World War effects
Arabia, 268
Consumption, 289
Guatemala, 219
Mexico, 222
United States trade, 534-538
Imports, 286
San Francisco, 325
World trade, 190-195, 294, 296

_World's Commercial Products, The_, Freeman, _q._, 133

_World's Work_, _per._, _q._, 531, 532

Worth, J.G., 499

Wright, _q._, 167

Wright, George C., 501

Wright, George S., 448, 501, 629

Wright, John S., 482, 491

Wright, John T., 488

Wright, Warren M., 501

Wright Hard & Co., 482

Wrightsville Hardware Co., 644

Wroth, Warwick, _q._, 82, 83

Wurffbain, 43

Württemberg, Duke of, 47

Wyatt, Charles, _pat._, 621, 699

Wycherly, 575

Wyld, F. Lehnhoff, 538

XXXX (brand), 44

Yaffey c., 351, 368

Yarrow, Mrs., _chk._, 555

Yates & Dudley, 508

Yellow fever, effect of c. on, 182

Yemeni c., 351, 368

Yorke, Duke of, 554

Young, Arthur, _q._, 100

Young, D.K., 482

Young, Samuel, 507

Young, Mahood & Co., 507

Young-Mahood Co., 507

Youngs & Amman, 477

Yuban (brand), 441, 462, 524

Yuban advertising, 462-465

Yuengling, D.G., 508

Yungas c., 350, 367

Zamore, 590

Zamzam, 18

Zanzibar c., 353, 377

Zarf (cup-stand), 661

Zecchini, G.B., 549

Zenetz, _q._, 185

Ziegler Arctic expedition, 538

Zilmore & Co., A.G., 508

Zinmeister Sr., Frank, 505

Zinsmeister, Jacob, 505

Zinsmeister, L.G., _q._, 389

Zinmeister & Son, Frank, 505

Zinmeister & Sons, J., 505

Zola, Emile, 103, 565

Zoller & Little, 508

Zwaardecroon, Henrious, 6

Zwick, Charles, 505

FOOTNOTES:

[1] First written about tea; improperly claimed to have been written of coffee.

[2] First written about tea; improperly claimed to have been written of coffee.

[3] Jardin, Édelestan. _Le Caféier et le Café._ Paris, 1895 (p. 55).

[4] Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre. _Traités Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, du Thé, et du Chocolat._ Lyons, 1684.

[5] Coffee covered with the skin is called _boun_, and the coffee-tree, _boun_-tree (_sejar et boun_).

[6] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.

[7] Notice must be taken of the similarity in the names of coffee in Hindustan and Abyssinia, and of the name of the coffee-tree as given by ancient authors.

[8] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.

[9] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.

[10] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.

[11] See note 3 above.

[12] _Legal_ and _Houri_ mean tree.

[13] _Legal_ and _Houri_ mean tree.

[14] North-American Indian.

[15] La Roque, Jean. _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse._ Paris, 1716.

[16] Jardin, Édelestan. _Le Caféier et le Café._ Paris, 1895. (p. 102).

[17] _Année Littéraire._ Paris, 1774 (vol. vi: p. 217).

[18] Franklin, Alfred. _La Vie Privée d'Autrefois._ Paris, 1893.

[19] Michaud, I.F. and L.G. _Biographie Universelle._ Paris.

[20] Daney, Sidney. _Histoire de la Martinique._ Fort Royal, 1846.

[21] _Inauguration du Jardin Desclicux._ Fort de France, 1918.

[22] Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre. _Traités Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, du Thé, et du Chocolat._ Lyons, 1684. (Title page has _Traitez_; elsewhere, _Traités_.)

[23] Robinson, Edward Forbes. _The Early History of Coffee Houses in England._ London, 1893.

[24] _Encyclopedia Britannica._ 1910. (vol. xv: p. 291.)

[25] Galland, Antoine. _Lettre sur l'Origine et le Progres du Café._ Paris, 1699.

[26] The Abd-al-Kâdir manuscript is described and illustrated in chapter XXXII.

[27] Rauwolf, Leonhard. _Aigentliche beschreibung der Raisis so er vor diser zeit gegen auffgang inn die morgenlaender volbracht._ Lauwingen, 1582-83.

[28] Della Valle, Pierre (Pietro). _De Constantinople à Bombay, Lettres._ 1615. (vol. i: p. 90.)

[29] "She mingled with the wine the wondrous juice of a plant which banishes sadness and wrath from the heart and brings with it forgetfulness of every woe."

[30] Scheuzer, J.J. _Physique Sacrée, ou Histoire Naturelle de la Bible._ Amsterdam, 1732, 1737.

[31] Jardin, Édelestan. _Le Caféier et le Café._ Paris, 1895.

[32] La Roque, Jean. _Voyage dans l'Arabie Heureuse, de 1708 à 1713, et Traité Historique du Café._ Paris, 1715. (pp. 247, 251.)

[33] _Adjam_, by many writers wrongly rendered Persia.

[34] Scheuzer, J.J. _Physique Sacrée, ou Histoire Naturelle de la Bible._ Amsterdam, 1732, 1737.

[35] _Harper's Weekly._ New York, 1911. (Jan. 21.)

[36] Nairon, Antoine Faustus. _De Saluberrimá Cahue seu Café nuncupata Discursus._ Rome, 1671.

[37] de Sacy, Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre. _Chresto-nathie Arabe._ Paris, 1806. (vol. ii: p. 224.)

[38] Olearius, Adam. _An Account of His Journeys._ London, 1669.

[39] Niebuhr, Karstens. _Description of Arabia._ Amsterdam, 1774. (Heron trans., London, 1792: p. 266.)

[40] _A Collection of Voyages and Travels._ London, 1745. (vol. iv: p. 690.)

[41] Molmenti, Pompeo. _La Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata._ Bergamo, 1908. (pt. 3: p. 245.)

[42] Goldoni, Carlo. _La Bottega di Caffè._ 1750.

[43] Hazlitt, W. Carew. _The Venetian Republic._ London, 1905, (vol. 2: pp. 1012-15.)

[44] Jardin, Édelestan. _Le Caféier et le Café._ Paris, 1895. (p. 16.)

[45] "Drop by drop they take it in," said Cotovicus.

[46] Misprinted thus in the original Dutch and here. Read _Chaoua_, i.e., Arabic _qahwah_.

[47] Laurel berry, of which the taste is bitter and disagreeable. From Latin _bacca lauri_.

[48] Arabic, _bunn_; coffee berries.

[49] _Brandewijn_ in original Dutch.

[50] Mead.

[51] _Purchas His Pilgrimes._ London, 1625.

[52] Sandys, Sir George. _Sandys' Travels._ London, 1673. (p. 66.)

[53] Bacon, Francis. _Sylva Sylvarum._ London, 1627. (vol. v: p. 26.)

[54] Burton, Robert. _The Anatomy of Melancholy._ Oxford, 1632. (pt. 2: sec. 5: p. 397.) This reference does not appear in the earlier editions of 1621, 24, 28.

[55] Herbert, Sir T. _Travels._ London, ed. 1638. (p. 241.)

[56] Blount, Sir Henry. _A Voyage Into the Levant._ London. 1671. (pp. 20, 21, 54, 55, 138, 139.)

[57] Gilbert, Gustav. _The Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and Athens._ London, 1895. (p. 69.)

[58] Aubrey, John. _Lives of Eminent Men._ London, 1813. (vol. ii: pt. 2: pp. 384-85.)

[59] _Works._ (vol. iv: p. 389.)

[60] à Wood, Anthony. _Athenae Oxonienses._ London, 1692. (vol. ii: col. 658.)

[61] Parkinson, John. _Theatrum Botanicum._ London, 1640. (p. 1622.)

[62] D'Israeli, I. _Curiosities of Literature._ London, 1798. (vol. i: p. 345.)

[63] A weight of from 133 to 140 pounds.

[64] See chapter XXXII.

[65] Vulcaren,. John Peter A. _Relation of the Siege of Vienna._ 1684.

[66] Bermann, M. _Alt und Neu Wien._ Vienna, 1880. (p. 964.)

[67] Manuscript in the Bodleian Library.

[68] See also chapter XXVIII.

[69] _The Romance of Trade._ London. (chap. ii; p. 31.)

[70] Pasqua Rosée's sign. Kitt's (or Bowman's) sign was a coffee pot.

[71] Hatton, Edward. _New View of London._ London, 1708. (vol. i: p. 30.)

[72] The prosecution came under the heading, "Disorders and Annoys."

[73] Rumsey (or Ramsey), W. _Organon Salutis._ London, 1657.

[74] Also given as Sir James Muddiford, Murford, Mudford, Moundeford, and Modyford.

[75] The Dutch admiral who, in June, 1667, dashed into the Downs with a fleet of eighty "sail", and many "fire-ships", blocked up the mouths of the Medway and Thames, destroyed the fortifications at Sheerness, cut away the paltry defenses of booms and chains drawn across the rivers, and got to Chatham, on the one side, and nearly to Gravesend on the other, the king having spent in debauchery the money voted by Parliament for the proper support of the English navy.

[76] General Monk and Prince Rupert were at this time commanders of the English fleet.

[77] Lillie (Lilly) was the celebrated astrologer of the Protectorate, who earned great fame at that time by predicting, in June, 1645, "if now we fight, a victory stealeth upon us;" a lucky guess, signally verified in the King's defeat at Naseby. Lilly thenceforth always saw the stars favourable to the Puritans.

[78] This man was originally a fishing-tackle maker in Tower Street during the reign of Charles I; but turning enthusiast, he went about prognosticating "the downfall of the King and Popery;" and as he and his predictions were all on the popular side, he became a great man with the superstitious "godly brethren" of that day.

[79] Turnball, or Turnbull-street, as it is still called, had been for a century previous of infamous repute. In Beaumont and Fletcher's play, the _Knight of the Burning Pestle_, one of the ladies who is undergoing penance at the barber's, has her character sufficiently pointed out to the audience, in her declaration, that she had been "stolen from her friends in Turnball-street."

[80] Anderson. Adam. _Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce._ London. 1787.

[81] See chapter III.

[82] More fully described in chapter XXXII.

[83] See chapter XXXII.

[84] Wroth, Warwick. _The London Pleasure Gardens of the 18th Century._ London, 1896.

[85] There were six places, all told, bearing the name "Man's". Alexander Man was coffee maker to William III.

[86] Salvandy, Narcisse-Achille. _Influence des Cafés sur les Moeurs Politiques._

[87] Singleton, Esther. _Dutch New York._ New York, 1909. (p. 132.)

[88] Bishop, J. Leander. _A History of American Manufactures, 1608 to 1860._ New York, 1864. (Vol. 1; p. 259.)

[89] Patterson, Robert W. _Early Society in Southern Illinois._ Chicago, 1881.

[90] Andreas, A.T. _History of Chicago._ Chicago, 1884.

[91] Singleton, Esther. _Dutch New York._ 1909. (p. 133.)

[92] Bishop, J. Leander. _A History of American Manufactures, 1608 to 1860._ New York.

[93] Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. _Philadelphia: a history of the city and its people._ Philadelphia, 1912. (vol. 1: p. 106.)

[94] Freeman, W.G. _The World's Commercial Products._ Boston, (p. 176.)

[95] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1918. (vol. xxxv: no. 4.)

[96] Dr. Cramer considers _C. Maragogipe_ "the finest coffee known; it has a highly developed, splendid flavor."

[97] _Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists_, Nov. 15, 1921. (vol. v: no. 2: pp. 274-288.)

[98] _The Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912. (vol. xxiii: no. 3.)

[99] _Die Menschlichen Genussmittel_, 1911. (p. 300.)

[100] See chapter XVI.

[101] These and all other numbered drawings in this chapter are from Andrew L. Winton's _The Microscopy of Vegetable Foods_, copyright 1916, and reprinted by permission.

[102] _Jour. Am. Chem. Soc._, 1919 (vol. xli: p. 1306).

[103] Anstead, R.D. _Annals on Applied Biology_, 1915 (vol. i: pp. 299-302).

[104] Huntington, L.M. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: p. 228).

[105] Gorter, _Ann._ (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237-46).

Schulte, A. _Z. Nahr. Genussm._ (vol. xxvii: pp. 200-25).

Loew, Oscar. _Ann. Rep. P.R. Agr. Expt. Sta._, 1907 (pp. 41-55).

[106] Sencial. _El Hacendado Mex._ (vol. ix: p. 191).

[107] Pique, R. _Bull. Assoc. Chim. sucr. dist._ (vol. xxiv: pp. 1210-13).

[108] _Pharm. Jour._, 1886 (vol. xvii: p. 656).

[109] U.S. Pat., 113,832, April 18, 1871.

[110] U.S. Pat., 660,602, Oct. 30, 1900.

[111] French Pat., 379,036, Aug. 28, 1906.

[112] French Pat., 359,451, Nov. 15, 1905.

[113] British Pat., 26,905, Dec. 9, 1904.

[114] U.S. Pat., 843,530, Feb. 5, 1907.

[115] U.S. Pat., 1,313,209, Aug. 12, 1919.

[116] U.S. Pat., 134,792, Jan. 14, 1873.

[117] British Pat., 7,427, Mar. 24, 1910.

[118] U.S. Pat., 997,431, July 11, 1911.

[119] British Pat., 23,087, Oct. 9, 1912.

French Pat., 449,343, Oct. 12, 1912.

[120] British Pat., 21,397, Sept. 26, 1907.

French Pat., 382,238, Sept. 26, 1907.

U.S. Pat., 982,902, Jan. 31, 1911.

[121] _Pharm. Zentralhalle_, 1915 (vol. lvi: pp. 343-48).

[122] _Münch. Med. Wochschr._, (vol. lviii: pp. 1868-72).

[123] _Commercial Organic Analysis._

[124] _Ann. Chem. Pharm._ 1867 (vol. cxlii: p. 230).

[125] _Inaugural Diss._, Munich. 1903.

[126] _Comptes Rendus_, 1897 (vol. cxxiv: p. 1458).

[127] _Dict. App. Chem._, 1913 (vol. v: p. 393).

[128] U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Chem. _Bull._ 105, 1907. (p. 42).

[129] _Ann._ (vol. cccviii: pp. 327-348).

_Ibid._ (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237, 246).

_Arch. Pharm._ (vol. ccxlvii: pp. 184-196).

[130] _Jour. Soc. Chem., Ind._, 1910 (vol. xxix: p. 138).

[131] _Z. Nahr. Genussm._ (vol. xxi: p. 295).

[132] Paladino, _Gazetta_, 1895 (vol. xxv: no. 1: p. 104).

Forster & Riechelmann, _Zeitsch. öffent. Chem._, 1897 (vol. iii: p. 129).

Polstorff, K. _Wallach-Festschrift_, 1909 (pp. 569-83).

[133] Private communication.

[134] U.S. Pat., 716,878, Dec. 30, 1902.

[135] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1920 (vol. xxxviii: pp. 321-22).

[136] _Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc._, 1907 (vol. xxix: p. 1091).

[137] _Ber._, 1895 (vol. xxviii: p. 3137); 1899 (vol. xxxii: p. 435); 1900 (vol. xxxiii: p. 3035).

[138] Willcox & Rentschler. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xix: p. 440).

[139] Fricke, E. _Zeits. f. angew. Chemie._, 1889 (pp. 121-122).

[140] Willcox & Rentschler. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xx: p. 355).

[141] U.S. Pat., 897,840, Sept. 1, 1908.

[142] British Pat., 144,988, March 19, 1920.

[143] French Pat., 412,550, Feb. 12, 1910.

[144] U.S. Pat., 947,577, Jan. 25, 1910.

[145] _Jour. Chem. Soc._, 1857 (vol. ix: p. 34).

[146] _Wien. Akad. Ber._ (_2 Abth._) (vol. lxxxi: pp. 1032-1043).

_Monatsh, f. Chem._, 1880 (vol. i: p. 456).

[147] _Zeits. f. Untersuch. d. Nahr. u. Genussm._, 1898 (vol. vii: pp. 457-472)

[148] _Ber._, 1901 (vol. xxxv: pp. 1846-1854).

[149] _Compt. rend._ (vol. clvii: pp. 212-13).

[150] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[151] _Dict. App. Chem._, 1913 (vol. ii: p. 99).

[152] _U.S. Dispensatory, 19th Ed._, 1907 (p. 145).

[153] _Monatsh. f. Chem._ (vol. xxxiii: pp. 1389-1406).

[154] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[155] _Apoth. Ztg._ (vol. xxii: pp. 919-20).

_Pharm. Weekbl._, 1907 (vol. xxxvii).

[156] _Monatsh. f. Chem._ (vol. xxxi: p. 1227).

[157] _Jour. Landw._, 1904 (vol. lii: p. 93).

[158] _Amer. Chem. Jour._, 1892 (vol. xiv: p. 473).

[159] _Analyst_, 1902 (vol. xxvi: p. 116).

[160] 58 _Mon. Sci._ (vol. iii: no. 6: p. 779).

[161] _J.P.C._, 1867 (p. 307).

[162] _Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci._, 1918 (vol. xxviii: pp. 136-141).

[163] Feitler, S.: Eng. Pat., 19,845, Aug. 28, 1897.

[164] U.S. Pat., 33,453, Oct. 8, 1861.

U.S. Pat., 75,829, March 24, 1868.

U.S. Pat., 701,750, June 3, 1902.

[165] U.S. Pat., 943,238, Dec. 14, 1909.

[166] U.S. Pat., 703,508, July 1, 1902.

U.S. Pat., 865,203, Sept. 3, 1907.

[167] Winter, H.: U.S. Pat., 997,431, Aug. 28, 1897.

[168] Simon, M., Jr.: Ger. Pat., 253,419, Feb. 19, 1911.

[169] Von Niessen: British Pat., 7,427, Mar. 24, 1910.

[170] Eng. Pat., 5,776, Mar. 19, 1895.

[171] U.S. Pat., 832,322.

[172] Eng. Pat., 8,270, April 24, 1893.

[173] U.S. Pat., 994,785, June 13, 1911.

[174] _Am. J. Pharm._, 1915 (vol. lxxxvii: pp. 524-26).

[175] _Orig. Com. 8th Intern. Cong. Appl. Chem. (Appen.)_ (vol. xxvi: p. 389)

[176] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1920 (vol. xxxix: pp. 318-19).

[177] King, J.E.: U.S. Pat. 1,263,434.

[178] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: pp. 552-55).

[179] _Loc. cit._ (see 175).

[180] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xx: p. 34).

[181] _Pharm. Weekbl. voor Nederl._, 1899 (no. 13).

_Apoth. Ztg._, 1899 (p. 14).

[182] _Jour. Assoc. Off. Agri. Chem._, 1920 (vol. iii: p. 501).

[183] Blyth, Wynter. _Foods_, 1909 (p. 359).

[184] Petermann. _Bied. Zentr._, 1899 (vol. ii: p. 211).

[185] Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Sept., 1920.

[186] Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Sept., 1920.

[187] U.S. Dept. Agri., Div. of Chem. _Bull. 13_ (pt. 7: p. 908).

[188] Niles. G.M. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xix: no. 1: p. 27).

[189] Through _The Sun_, New York, July 17, 1910.

[190] _Annales Politiques et Littéraires_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1906 (vol. x: p. 303).

[191] _Jour. Am. Med. Assoc._, 1891 (vol. xvi).

[192] _The Times_, London, Oct. 1, 1904; through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xxi: p. 36).

[193] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912 (vol. xxiii: p. 237).

[194] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxiv: p. 455).

[195] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912 (vol. xxiii: p. 356).

[196] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1915 (vol. xxviii: p. 533).

[197] _Good Housekeeping_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1915 (vol. xxviii: p. 533).

[198] _Atti. accad. Lincei_, 1915 (vol. xxiv: no. 2: pp. 543-48).

[199] Nalpasse, Dr. Valentin, _loc. cit._ (see 190).

Flint, Dr. Austin B. _Text Book of Physiology_.

Wood, H.C., Jr. _Therapeutic Gazette_, 1912 (vol. xxxvi: p. 13).

[200] _Compt. rend._ (vol. cxlviii: p. 1541).

[201] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: p. 539).

[202] _Arch. exp. Path. Pharm._, 1907 (vol. lvii: p. 214).

[203] _Universal Dictionary_, 1897 (vol. i: p. 1097).

[204] _Handbuch der Physiologie_, 1881 (vol. vi: p. 435).

[205] _The Coffee Club_, 1921 (vol. i: p. 4).

[206] _Saturday Evening Post_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvii: p. 586).

[207] _Loc. cit._ (see 192).

[208] _Seven Truths to Teach the Young in Regard to Life and Sex_, No. 2.

[209] _Loc. cit._ (see 190).

[210] _Ladies' Home Journal_, Dec., 1916 (p. 37).

[211] _Loc. cit._ (see 194).

[212] _Psych. Clin._ (vol. vi: pp. 56-58).

[213] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, June, 1905 (p. 274).

[214] _Ladies' Home Journal_, Dec., 1916 (p. 37).

[215] _The Prolongation of Life._

[216] Hekteon and LeConte.

[217] Through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: pp. 29-32).

[218] _Old Age Deferred_, 1910.

[219] _Loc. cit._ (see 190).

[220] _Practical Dietetics_, 1917 (p. 254).

[221] _Zentr. Biochem Biophys._, 1912 (vol. xiii: p. 504).

[222] _Jour. Anat. & Physi._, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 345).

[223] _Lancet_, Dec. 2, 1911.

[224] _Pharmacology_, 1913 (p. 258).

[225] Butler, _Materia Medica, Therapeutics and Pharmacology_, 1906 (p. 256).

[226] Togami, K. _Biochem. Zeit._, 1908 (vol. ix: p. 453).

[227] _Münch. Med. Wochenschr._ (vol. lx: pp. 281-85, 357-61).

_Naturwiss. Umschau. d. Chem., Ztg._ 1913 (p. 4).

_Schweiz. Wochenschr._ (vol. li: pp. 490-92).

[228] _Loc. cit._ (see 197).

[229] Through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1916 (vol. xxx: p. 443).

[230] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1909 (vol. xvi: p. 271).

[231] Frankel, F.H. _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xxxi: p. 446).

[232] _Food Values_, 1914 (p. 54).

[233] _Policlin._, 1920 (no. 27: p. 1011).

[234] Funk, C. _The Vitamines_, 1922 (p. 270).

[235] Potter. _Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics_, 10th ed., 1906 (p. 187).

Culbreth. _Materia Medica and Pharmacology_, 2nd ed. (p. 520).

[236] Nineteenth ed. (p. 254).

[237] _Loc. cit._ (see 220).

[238] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 97).

[239] Wallace, Mrs. C.L.H. "Cholera: Its Cause and Cure." _The Herald of Health_, through _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1908 (vol. xiv: p. 22).

[240] "S. Culapius", _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 239).

[241] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: p. 458).

[242] Thurber, F.B. _Coffee from Plantation to Cup_ (p. 182).

[243] _Health and Longevity Through Rational Diet._

[244] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 98).

[245] Bulson, A.E.J. _Am. Jour. Opthal._, 1905 (vol. xxii: pp 55-64)

_Handbook of Medical Science_ (vol. iii: p. 190).

[246] Keable, B.B. _Coffee_ (p. 98).

[247] _A Manual of Pharmacology_ (pp. 137, 215).

[248] Hawk, Philip B. _Loc. cit._ (see 196).

[249] _Good Housekeeping_, Oct., 1917 (p. 144).

[250] _Med. News_, 1886 (p. 52).

[251] _Med. News_, 1890 (p. 56).

[252] _Centr. In. Med._, 1900 (p. 21).

[253] _Loc. cit._ (see 220).

[254] _Arch. Exper. Path. Pharm._, 1902 (bd. 48).

[255] _Bull. gen. therap._ (vol. clxvi: p. 379).

_Zentr. Biochem. Biophys._ (vol. xvi: p. 79).

[256] _Bull. Pharm._, 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276-78).

[257] 1907 (p. 176).

[258] _U.S. Dispensatory_, 19th ed. (p. 253).

[259] Hall. I.W. _The Purin Bodies of Food Stuffs_, 1904 (p. 98).

[260] _Terapia moderna_, Dec., 1891.

[261] _Arch. intern. physiol._ (vol. xiii: pp. 107-14).

[262] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 609).

[263] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 468).

[264] _J. Pharmachol._ (vol. iii: p. 455).

[265] _Wien. Deut. med. Wochenschr._ (vol. xxxviii: pp. 1774-76).

[266] _Comp. rend. soc. biol._ (vol. lxxiv: p. 32).

[267] _D.A. Apoth.-Ztg._, 1911-12 (vol. xxxii: p. 4).

[268] _Med. Record, N.Y._, 1916 (vol. xxx: p. 68).

[269] _Therap. Gazette._ 1912 (vol. xxxvi: pp. 6-13).

[270] _Deut. Arch. Klin. Med._, 1920 (vol. cxxxiv: pp. 174-84).

[271] _Z. physiol. Chem._ (vol. lxxvii: p. 259).

[272] _Bull. Bur. of Chem._ (no. 157).

[273] _Pharm. J._, Mar. 31, 1900, through _Brit. Med. J._, _Epit._, 1900 (vol. i: p. 35).

[274] _Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol._, 1895 (vol. xxxv: p. 449).

[275] _Ibid._, 1895 (vol. xxxvi: p. 45). _Ibid._, 1896 (vol. xxxvii: p. 385).

[276] _Arch. de physiol. norm. et path._, 1868 (vol. i: p. 179).

[277] _Inaug. Diss._, Königsberg, 1882.

[278] _Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol._, 1898 (vol. xli: p. 375).

[279] _Jour. Am. Med. Assoc._, 1917 (vol. lxviii: pp. 1805-07).

[280] _Berliner Klin. Wochenschrift_, 1889 (no. 40).

[281] _Encyc. der Therapie_, 1896 (vol. i).

[282] Pester, _Med.-Chir. Presse_, 1885 (no. 39). _Orvosi Hetilap_, 1885 (nos. 32-33).

[283] _Zeitschrift f. Klin. Med._, 1893 (vol. xxiii).

[284] _Mitt. aus der Würzburger Med. Klinik_, 1885 (vol. 1).

[285] _New York Herald_, Mar. 24. 1912.

[286] _Tea & Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: pp. 537-41).

[287] _The Influence of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Fatigue._

[288] "The Influence of Caffeine on Mental and Motor Efficiency." _Archives of Psychology_, 1912 (no. 22).

[289] _Revista sper. di. Freniatria_ (vol. xviii: p. 1).

[290] _Archiv. ital. de Biol._, 1893 (vol. xix: p. 241).

[291] _Inaug. Diss._, Marburg, 1894.

[292] _Revista sper. di Freniatria_, 1894 (vol. xx: p. 458).

[293] _Centralbl. f. Physiol._, 1896 (vol. x: p. 126).

[294] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1896 (vol. i: p. 378).

[295] _Jour. Med. de Bruxelles_, 1897.

[296] _Molcschott's Untersuchungen_, 1899 (vol. xvi: p. 170).

[297] _Archiv. f. Anat. u. Physiol. (Physiol. Abth.), Suppl. Bd._, 1899 (p. 289).

[298] _Skand. Arch. f. Physiol._, 1904 (vol. xvi: p. 197).

[299] _Travaux du Lab. de Physiol. Inst. Solray_, 1904 (vol. vi: p. 361).

[300] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1901 (vol. iii: p. 617).

[301] _C.R. de la Soc. de Biol. Paris_, 1901 (pp. 593-627).

[302] _Op. Cit._ (p. 38). (See 285.)

[303] _Pflügers Archiv._, 1877 (vol. xvi: p. 316).

[304] _Diss._, Dorpat., 1887.

[305] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1896 (vol. i: p. 431).

[306] _Psychol. Arbeit._, 1901 (pp. 203-289).

[307] _Psychol. Rev._, 1911 (vol. xviii: p. 424).

[308] _Op. Cit._ (see 285).

[309] _Ueber die Beeinflüssung einfacher psychischer Vorgünge durch einige Arzeneimittel_ (p. 224).

[310] _Arch, exp. Path. Pharm._, 1920 (vol. lxxxv: pp. 339-58).

[311] _Op. cit._ (p. 50). (See 287.)

[312] _Loc. cit._ (see 285).

[313] See chapter XXX.

[314] La Roque, Jean, _Voyage de l'Arabic Heureuse_, Paris, 1715. (p. 280.)

[315] _Encyclopedia Britannica_, 11 ed., Cambridge, 1910. (vol. i: p. 118.)

[316] La Roque, Jean. _Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse_, Paris, 1715 (p. 285).

[317] The 1921 figures for all countries given are preliminary.

[318] Broadbent, Humphrey. _The Domestick Coffee Man._ London, 1720.

Bradley, Richard. _The vertu and use of coffee with regard to the plague and other infectious distempers._ London, 1721.

[319] Since changed. There is now a Clearing Association.

[320] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (vol. xx: no. 4: p. 284).

[321] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, July, 1911 (vol. xxiii: no. 1; p. 28).

[322] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, Nov., 1910 (vol. xix: no. 5: p. 380).

[323] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, Nov., 1914 (vol. xxv; no. 5: p. 397).

[324] Stewart, C.H. "The Coffee Status of Venezuela." _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._ Jan. 1922 (vol. xlii: no. 1: pp. 29-35.)

[325] Wilhelm, R.C. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1916 (vol. xxxi: no. 5: p. 429).

[326] Willcox. O.W. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: no. 2: p. 38).

[327] Zinsmeister, L.G. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvii: no. 6: pp. 558-562).

[328] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xviii: no. 2: p. 161; and no. 4: p. 319).

[329] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1910 (vol. xvii: no. 8: p. 242).

[330] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1915 (vol. xxviii: pp. 415-416).

[331] "Making Coffee for the Consumer", _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1914 (vol. xxvi: pp. 335-338).

[332] "Coffee-Making Questionnaire", _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxx: no. 1: pp. 31-34).

[333] King, John E., _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: no. 6: pp. 552-555).

[334] Ach, F.J., _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912, 1919 (vol. xxiii: no. 4: pp. 133-135; vol. xxxvi: no. 4: pp. 344-345).

[335] Gillies, E.J., _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: pp. 574-576).

[336] Wellman, C.P., _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1918 (vol. xxxiv: no. 6: p. 560).

[337] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1922 (vol. xlii: no. 1: pp. 75, 76).

[338] Bureau of Business Research, Harvard University.

[339] Duryee, P.S. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1911 (Vol. xxi: no. 2: pp. 106-110).

[340] Findlay, Paul. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1916 (vol. xxx: no. 1: pp. 72-74).

[341] Atha, F.P. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1919 (vol. xxxvii: no. 1: p. 50).

[342] Weir, Ross W. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: pp. 566-568).

[343] McCreery, R.W. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1913 (vol. xxv: no. 6: pp. 603-604).

[344] Schaefer, J.H. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._,1917 (vol. xxxiii: no. 1: p. 72).

[345] Chamberliane, John, translation, London, 1685, from Dufour's _Traitez Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, du Thé, et du Chocolat_.

[346] The agreement with the São Paulo planters comprehended their furnishing yearly the proceeds of a tax of 100 reis per bag. This actually amounted to $20,000 per month up to January, 1921. During 1921, by reason of a short crop and the advance rate of exchange, the remittances were reduced almost half. In January, 1922, the São Paulo legislature on petition of the _Sociedade_ increased the tax to 200 reis per bag to run for 3 years. In spite of this, the probability is that another short crop and a continued low rate of exchange will keep the Brazil contribution in 1922 down to about $180,000 net. By November, 1921, a total of $671,000 was expended on advertising. Of this, $551,000 was contributed by the planters of São Paulo, and $120,000 by the coffee trade of the United States.

[347] About this time, the country was flooded with paper money, worth about 1 to 75, forcing the price of commodities to unheard-of heights, shoes for instance, being sold at £20 per pair.

[348] Much of the information that follows is from an article by M.E. Goetzinger in the _Percolator_, February, 1921.

[349] What follows on "Trade Brooms and Panics" is from an article prepared, under the author's direction, by C.K. Trafton, and published in _The Tea and Coffee Trade Journal_, Nov., 1920 (vol. xxxix: no. 5: p. 563).

[350] Kauhee (or _kahvé_) is the Turkish for coffee.

[351] Copyright, 1913. Used by special permission of the publishers, the Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, Ind.

[352] Copyright, 1916, by Henry Holt & Co., New York. Reprinted by permission.

[353] Chatfield-Taylor, II. C. _Goldoni._ New York, 1916 (p. 607).

[354] Copyright, 1903, by G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. Used by courtesy of the author and the publisher.

[355] Copyright, 1893, by Harper Bros., and 1921, by John Kendrick Bangs. Reprinted by permission.

[356] _Beverages Past and Present_, New York, copyright 1908. By courtesy of G.P. Putnam's, Sons, Publishers.

[357] _The Pot and Kettle_, Boston, 1920 (vol. iii: no. 2).

[358] See Chapter XXXIII.

[359] See chapter X.

[360] See chapter X.

[361] _Proceedings: Second Series_, 1899 (vol. xvii: no. 2; p. 390).

[362] A mechanical contrivance that took the place of a boy.

[363] Jardin, Édelestan. _Le Caféier et Le Café_, Paris, 1895 (p. 290).

[364] In his patent specification, Mr. Carter said on this point: "Small holes should be made through the roaster in sufficient number to allow of the escape of the vapors and volatile matters which escape from the coffee while undergoing the process of being roasted."

[365] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1912 (vol. xxiii: no. 6: p. 592).

[366] _Encyclopedia Britannica_, 11th Ed. (vol. 11: p. 285).

[367] London; 1888 (vol. 1: pp. 222, 224).

[368] de Sacy. Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre. _Chréstomathie Arabe._ Paris, 1806, (vol. 2).

[369] _Scribner's Magazine_, 1918 (vol. liii: no. 5: p. 620); and Dwight, H.G., _Constantinople, Old and New_, New York, 1915. Copyright by Charles Scribner's Sons.

[370] Carne, John. _Syria, the Holy Land._ London, 1836 (p. 69).

[371] New York, 1857 (p. 276).

[372] "The Coffee Cup and the Sugar Bowl." _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1921 (vol. xli: no. 6: p. 809).

[373] Frankel, F. Hulton, Ph.D. _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxii: p. 142).

[374] See chapter III.

[375] Broadbent, Humphrey. _The Domestick Coffee Man_, London, 1722.

[376] _Dutch New York_, 1909 (p. 132).

[377] Earle. Alice Morse. _Customs and Fashions in Old New England_, 1909.

[378] In 1921, Professor S.C. Prescott, in charge of the research work for the Joint Coffee Trade Publicity Committee at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said that a brew made with the water considerably below the boiling point, was preferable.

[379] Meaning the pumping percolator.

[380] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: no. 5: pp. 339-40).

[381] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1921 (vol. xli: no. 5: p. 688).

[382] See chapter XVII.

[383] _Pharm. Weekbl. voor Nederl._, No. 13, 1899. _Apoth. Ztg._, 1899 (p. 14).

[384] _Tea and Coffee Trade Jour._, 1917 (vol. xxxiii: pp. 552-55).

[385] Hollingworth, H.L. and Poffenberger, A.T., Jr. _The Sense of Taste_, 1917 (p. 13).

[386] _Not Édelestan as elsewhere in the volume_.