Chapter XII: Part III: Family Studies in Heredity of Build (5)

A family of English and French extraction living mostly in Kentucky and Indiana. The Father, a newspaper publisher, suffered in youth from typhoid fever. He is living at 52 years, having at 45 years the formula 175/72 inches; build 2.4 (34). His father, a justice of the peace, died at 39 years from pulmonary tuberculosis contracted during the Civil War. At 26 years he had the formula 140/70 inches; build 20 (29). His mother, who had 4 children, suffered in middle age from cancer. She is living at 76 years. At 40 years her formula was 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35). Thus the father is of mixed ancestry; he is probably heterozygous in respect to build.

The Mother has been subject to tuberculosis of throat and lungs. She is living at 51 years, having at 45 years the formula 102/64 inches; build 1.7 (24). Four of her sibs died from tuberculosis of throat and lungs. Her father, a revenue collector, suffered in youth from rheumatism and in middle age from “very bad throat trouble.” He died at 85 years from old age. At 45 years he was of medium build. Her mother, who had 9 children, always well, died at 85 years from malignant tumor. At 45 years she was slender. This side of the house is very slender, largely on account of tuberculosis. The grandfather is of medium build; the grandmother was nervously active and slender. The 3 children:

1. Female, a social worker, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, tonsillitis, and adenoids, has at 23 years the formula 105/64 inches; build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 45 years, 2.1 (29). (R: Bic-1.)

2. Female, a college graduate, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, scarlet fever, and appendicitis and had a tendency to consumption, has at 22 years the formula 126/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 45 years, 142/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).

3. Female, a student, who has a “nervous temperament,” has at 18 years the formula 124/67 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 45 years, 143/67 inches; build 2.3 (32).

_Comment._—The tuberculous tendency of the Mother’s fraternity and of the Father’s father reappears in at least one of the children. None is as slender as the Mother, and all approach the medium grade (R: Bic-1).

GRU-1 FAMILY.

A family of English and German extraction living mostly in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. The Father, a school-teacher and principal, is living at 52 years, having had at 45 years the formula 134/66 inches; build 2.2 (31). One of his brothers died of “consumption” and was apparently slender. His father, a farmer, often mentally depressed, is living at 75 years, and has a “medium” build. His mother, who had 10 children, and who suffered in middle age from rheumatism, is living at 73 years, and is of “medium” build. Thus the paternal inheritance is toward medium build; the father possibly heterozygous.

The Mother suffered in middle age from inflammatory rheumatism; she has at 40 years the formula 106/66 inches; build 1.7 (24). Her father, a farmer, of medium build, died at 77 years from pneumonia. Her mother, who had 6 children, died at 77 years from arterio-sclerosis; she was slender. Thus the maternal build is prevailingly slender, though the grandfather is of medium build. The 3 children:

1. Female, a teacher, who in youth suffered from diphtheria, has at 20 years the formula 110/65 inches; build 1.8 (26); adjusted to 42 years, 125/65 inches; build 2.1 (30).

2. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from infantile paralysis, has at 18 years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 42 years, 136/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).

3. Female, at 13 years, has already the build of her next older sister.

_Comment._—All the children have a heavier build than the slenderer parent and approach a medium build (R: Gru-1).

ISE-2 FAMILY.

A family of Swiss and French origin living in Kansas. The Father, who is of Swiss parentage, a farmer, is living at 86 years, having the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32). His father, a farmer, died of consumption, having the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). His mother, who had 8 children, died at 82 years from pneumonia, having the formula 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31). This side of the house is of mixed slender-medium build.

The Mother, who has had 11 children, is of French-Swiss stock and has been a farmer’s wife in Kansas. She has been operated upon for glaucoma, is living at 72 years, and has the formula 88/62 inches; build 1.6 (23). Her father, a farmer, died from neuralgia of heart, having the formula 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, who had 3 children, died at 46 years, suddenly, perhaps from appendicitis, having the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). The maternal side of the house has thus a build ranging from very slender to slender-medium. The 8 children about whom information is given are:

1. Male, a college professor, died at 42 years after an operation for appendicitis, having the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 55+ years, 129/68 inches; build 2.0 (28).

2. Female, a librarian, who in youth suffered from pneumonia, in middle age from a nervous breakdown, has at 47 years the formula 112/60 inches; build 2.2 (31).

3. Female, a stenographer, who in middle age suffered from fever (in Africa), has at 45 years the formula 117/63 inches; build 2.1 (30).

4. Male, a college professor, always well, has at 41 years the formula 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 55+ years, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36).

5. Male, a merchant, has at 39 years the formula 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).

6. Male, a merchant, who in youth suffered from acute rheumatism and leakage of heart, has at 36 years the formula 165/72 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55+ years, 172/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).

7. Male, an editor, who in middle age has suffered from pleurisy and pneumonia, has at 33 years the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 159/71 inches; build 2.2 (32).

8. Male, a newspaper reporter, of unknown build.

_Comment._—All children, except the first, who was of a nervous, active type and died prematurely, are of medium build, mostly slightly fleshier than the stockier parent (R: Ise-2).

MIL-A FAMILY.

A family probably of old American (English) stock, living in Los Angeles, California. The Father, at 70 years, had the formula 170/68.5 inches; build 2.5 (36). Of his sibs, 1 is slender, 1 medium, and 4 are fleshy. His father, at 70 years, had the formula 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39). His mother, at 70 years, had the formula 120/66 inches; build 1.9 (28). Thus the Father is of mixed fleshy and slender origin.

The Mother, at 85 years, had the formula 100/67 inches; build 1.6 (22). Her father, at 70 years, 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (35). Her mother, at 70 years, 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30). Thus, the maternal parent is very slender with slender to medium grandparents. The 6 children are:

1. Male, at 56 years, has the formula 224/72 inches; build 3.1 (43).

2. Male, at 53 years, 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37).

3. Female, at 27 years, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 148/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).

4. Female, at 64 years, 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22).

5. Female, at 50 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31).

6. Female, at 59 years, 190/67 inches; build 3.0 (42).

_Comment._—The children vary from slender to fleshy; thus two have a heavier build than any ancestor described (S:Mil-A).

WIT-2 FAMILY.

A family of English and Irish extraction; paternal grandparents living in the Middle States and California. The Father, a merchant, suffered in middle age from pneumonia. He is living at 75 years. At 70 years his formula was 155/69 inches; build 2.3 (33). His father, a farmer, died at 86 years from dropsy. At 70 years his formula was 140/73 inches; build 1.8 (26). His mother, who had 8 children, died from consumption. At 50 years she was of medium build. Thus this side of the house is prevailingly of medium build, but the Father’s father was slender, consequently the Father is probably heterozygous for build.

The Mother suffered in middle age from insanity and consumption, having the formula 100/68 inches; build 1.5 (22). Two of her 4 sibs who reached maturity died from consumption. Their father, a farmer, died at 74 years from bladder trouble. At 50 years he was of medium build. Their mother, who had 4 children, died from consumption. In this family the very slender stature is probably controlled by lung tuberculosis. The 3 children are:

1. Male, a machinist, who was accidentally killed at 19 years, 145/69 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 168/71 inches; build 2.4 (34).

2. Male, retired, who in youth suffered from dysentery and pneumonia; in middle age from indigestion, internal catarrh, tuberculosis, appendicitis, and malaria, has at 44 years the formula 140/69.5 inches; build 2.0 (29).

3. Female, who was “very healthy” in youth, but in middle age had mental “nervous troubles,” has at 40 years the formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years, 106/64 inches; build 1.8 (26).

_Comment._—The children of this mating are mixed slender to medium; one of the children is feeble-minded and is very slender; one who is slender has had active tuberculosis and much other illness; the third, who died at 19, had an average build. The record is complicated by disease (R: Wit-2).

HOL-A FAMILY.

A family from Illinois. The Father at 55 years has the formula: 180/68 inches; build 2.7 (39).

The Mother, at 50 years, has the formula: 100/66 inches; build 1.6 (23). The 9 children are:

(1) Female, at 30 years, has the formula 180/65 inches; build 3.0 (43); adjusted to 55 years, 194/65 inches; build 3.2 (46).

(2) Male, at 30 years, 130/66 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 139/66 inches; build 2.3 (32).

(3) Male, at 27 years, 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 183/68 inches; build 2.8 (40).

(4) Male, at 25 years, 165/74 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 184/74 inches; build 2.4 (34).

(5) Male, at 29 years, 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 151/68 inches; build 2.3 (33).

(6) Male, at 26 years, 125/72 inches; build 1.7 (24).

(7) Female, at 24 years, 140/69 inches; build 2.1 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 161/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).

(8) Female, at 22 years, 110/72 inches; build 1.5 (21); adjusted to 55 years, 130/72 inches; build 1.8 (25).

(9) Female, at 20 years, has the formula 100/64 inches; build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).

_Comment._—The children vary greatly from very slender to stout or even, adjusted, to very stout. One of them is much stouter than either parent. Probably the Father is heterozygous (S:Hol-A).

LAW-A FAMILY.

A family from Georgia. The Father, at 30 years, had the formula 200/68 inches; build 3.0 (43). His brothers were “all stout.” His father, at 30 years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). The fleshy father carries factors for at least medium build.

The Mother, at 30 years, had the formula 100/65 inches; build 1.7 (24). Her brothers were all of “medium” build. Her sisters are: 1 slender, 1 medium, and 2 fleshy. Their father, at 30 years, had the formula 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35). The 4 children:

1. Male, at 30 years, had the formula 190/68 inches; build 2.9 (41).

2. Female, at 30 years, 110/61 inches; build 2.1 (30).

3. Female, at 30 years, 100/60 inches; build 2.0 (28).

4. Female, at 30 years, 130/61 inches; build 2.5 (35).

_Comment._—A fleshy man of medium stock has by a very slender woman of mixed stock in respect to build, 4 children—2 slender, 1 medium, and 1 fleshy (S:Law-A).

WAT-5 FAMILY.

A family of English extraction; grandparents living in Massachusetts, Michigan, England, Utah, and Montana; parents and children living in Utah and Montana. The Father, a miner, suffered in middle age from pneumonia and died at 64 years from chronic bronchitis. At 60 years his formula was 190/72 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, a farmer, died at 37 years. The Father had a fleshy sister, at least 3 of whose children were fleshy. His mother died at 38 years. Apparently, a fleshy strain on the Father’s father’s side; Father’s mother’s side unknown.

The Mother, who had 7 children, suffered in youth from scarlet fever and lung fever, is living at 60 years, having the formula 107/65.5 inches; build 1.8 (25). Her 4 sibs are “thin.” Their father, a lawyer, suffered at 23 years from scarlet fever, died from an accident at 42. Two of his sibs were “very large” and tall. Her mother, who had 9 children, died at 76 years from pneumonia; she was slender and so was her sister. Thus the slender Mother has both slender and fleshy close relations. The 5 children who grew up are:

1. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has at 37 years the formula 109/67 inches; build 1.7 (24); adjusted to 55 years, 119/67 inches; build 1.9 (27).

2. Male, a miner, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, tonsillitis, and throat trouble, has at 34 years the formula 185/71 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 193/71 inches; build 2.7 (38).

3. Female, married, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, has, at 31 years, the formula 128/66 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 143/66 inches; build 2.3 (33).

4. Female, married, who in youth suffered from throat trouble, underwent a tonsillectomy and appendectomy, has at 25 years the formula 120/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 138/65.5 inches; build 2.3 (32).

5. Female, married, has at 21 years, the formula 120/65.5 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 140/65.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).

_Comment._—The adjusted build of the children show 1 slender (unadjusted, very slender), 3 medium, and 1 fleshy, suggesting a heterozygous parentage. This family has been placed in this category, despite absence of information about the Father’s parents, because of the great variability of the children (R: Wat-5).

GUI-3 FAMILY.

A family of Scandinavian extraction, living mostly in Kansas. The Father, a farmer, who suffered in middle age from asthma, has at 74 years the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).

The Mother has at 60 years the formula 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39). Her father, a farmer, died at 83 years from senile dementia. At 75 years his formula was 150/S inches; build, say, 2.4 (34). Her mother, who had 6 children, died at 84 years, “probably senility.” At 75 years her formula was 120/M inches; build, say, 2.1 (30). The 8 children:

1. Female, married, suffered in youth and middle age from heart trouble, following rheumatism. At 40 years she has the formula 110/62 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 116/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).

2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from rheumatism, has at 33 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55 years, 144/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).

3. Male, who died at 16 years from operation for rectal tumor.

4. Male, a real-estate dealer, who in youth suffered from asthma, has at 33 years the formula 135/67 inches; build 2.1 (30); adjusted to 55+ years, 144/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).

5. Female, a nurse, who in youth suffered from anterior poliomyelitis (complete recovery), has at 31 years the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37); adjusted to 55 years, 162/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).

6. Male, a farmer, has at 29 years the formula 153/70 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 55 years, 166/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).

7. Female, has at 27 years the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36); adjusted to 55 years, 166/65 inches; build 2.7 (39).

8. Male, a farmer, has at 24 years the formula 150/67 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 164/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).

_Comment._—One-half of the children may be expected to exceed the mean build of the parents, and 2 to equal or exceed the fleshy build of the Mother (R: Gui-3).

HOK-1 FAMILY.

A family of German and English extraction, living in Illinois, Colorado, and Iowa. The Father, who is a carpenter, always well, is living at 63 years, having the formula 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, who was a manufacturer, always well, died at 72 years from a fistula. At 72 years his formula 175/70 inches; build 2.5 (36). The father’s mother died at about 48 years; was of slender build.

The Mother, always well, has at 62 years the formula 105/62 inches; build 1.9 (27). Her father, who was a coal-mine owner, died at 46 years from exposure during Civil War. At 45 years his formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31). Her mother, always well, died at 87 years from old age. Formula, 145/64 inches; build 2.5 (35). Two grown children:

1. Male, a surveyor, who in youth suffered from typhoid, has at 34 years the formula 160/70 inches; build 2.3 (33); adjusted to 55+ years, 168/70 inches; build 2.4 (34).

2. Male, always well, has at 26 years the formula 165/72 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 181/72 inches; build 2.5 (35).

_Comment._—Both children are of medium build, fairly close to that of the fleshier parent (R: Hok-1).

HOT-1 FAMILY.

A family of English extraction, living mostly in New York State. The Father, who is a carpenter, suffered in middle age from pneumonia. He is living at 51 years, having the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, who was a farmer, died at 69 years from apoplexy; was of medium build. His mother, who had 6 children, at 50 years was slender.

The Mother is living at 50 years, having the formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40). Her father, who was a grocer, suffered in youth from rheumatism; in middle age from typhoid fever. He died at 61 years from Bright’s disease. At 61 years he was slender. Her mother, who had 3 children, was always well. She died at 79 years from cerebral hemorrhage; she was said to be slender.

One son, a teacher, always well, has at 25 years the formula 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 151/67 inches; build 2.3 (33).

_Comment._—The son is intermediate in build between the parents (R: Hot-1).

HUL-2 FAMILY.

A rural New York family of prevailingly English origin. The Father, a business man, always well, had, at 50 years, the formula 140/68 inches; build 2.1 (30). His father, who died of “rheumatism of the stomach” at 80 years, had the formula 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34). His mother, who died at 82 years of old age, with dropsical tendencies, had the formula 95/62 inches; build 1.7 (25). This family has a build at or below the average.

The Mother, who suffered much from sick headache and “rheumatism,” and in later years from diabetes mellitus, had, at 50 years, the formula 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, who suffered from migraine, had the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35). Her mother, always well, died at 78 years of gradual decay; her formula, at 50 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). The Mother is doubtless heterozygous. There are 7 children:

1. Female, who has had pneumonia and suffers from migraine, has, at 38, the formula 100/62.5 inches; build 1.8 (26).

2. Female, a teacher, married, at 37 years, 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27).

3. Female, married, and died at 35 years of Addison’s disease, 105/65 inches; build 1.8 (25).

4. Female, who has been operated on for tubercular neck glands, at 34 years, 115/62 inches; build 2.1 (30).

5. Female, who suffered in youth from tachycardia, at 28 years, 100/65.5 inches; build 1.6 (23).

6. Female, who has suffered from migraine and rheumatism and had an attack of pneumonia, at 27 years, 115/64 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 50 years, 119/64 inches; build 2.0 (29).

7. Male, well, at 20 years, 140/67 inches; build 2.2 (31); adjusted to 50 years, 158/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).

_Comment._—On the whole the children are _below_ the average build, like the slender parent (R: Hul-2).

KIE FAMILY. (Fig. 43.)

II 1 ♂, a slender German. His wife, II 2 ♀, fleshy. Their 4 children of whose build something is known: III 1 ♂, fleshy; III 2 ♂, slender, over 6 feet tall, married to a fleshy woman, has 6 tall, slender daughters. III 4 ♀, died of “heart disease”; slender. III 7 ♂, died at 56 of cancer of the lungs, weight in health 82 kg. (180 pounds); stature 178 cm. (70 inches); build 2.6 (37), fleshy. Thus 2 are fleshy and 2 slender.

_Comment._—From the variability of the offspring we infer that the fleshy Mother was heterozygous in build (73-670).

LEO FAMILY, A. (Fig. 23.)

II 7 ♂, slender with 4 slender sibs. Their parents both slender. His wife, II 8 ♀, at 36 years, has a stature of 152 cm. (60 inches); weight 84 kg. (184 pounds); build 3.6 (51); very fleshy; relative chest-girth 112/52, or 74 per cent. She has 3 fleshy and 2 slender sibs. Of their parents one was fleshy and one slender. Thus II 8 is heterozygous.

III 4, the only child, at 9 years, has a relative chest-girth of 57 per cent; fleshy.

LEO FAMILY, B.

I 5 ♂, slender, and I 6 ♀, whose build is about 3.6 (51), or very fleshy, have 6 children of whom something is known, as follows: II 8 ♀, build 3.6 (51), very fleshy; II 11 ♀, fleshy; II 15 ♀, slender; II 16 ♀, slender, married to a slender man and has 3 slender children; II 12 ♂, of medium stature and 95 kg. (210 pounds) weight; build, say, 3.2 (45); very fleshy; II 13 ♀, of tall stature and 91 kg. (200 pounds) weight; build, say, 3.2 (46); very fleshy. Thus there are 3 very fleshy, 1 fleshy, and 2 slender children. The Mother’s heterozygosity is inferred from the variability of the progeny in build.

II 14 ♂, fleshy, and II 15 ♀, slender, have 2 sons, both slender (73:676).

LYN-2 FAMILY.

A family of prevailingly English stock, living in Illinois and Nebraska. The Father, who was a farmer and school-teacher, died at 65 years from cancer of stomach. Formula, 150/64 inches; build 2.6 (37). His father, who was a farmer, died at 76 years from pneumonia; he was slender. His mother, who had 10 children, is living and is corpulent. Thus the Father is heterozygous.

The Mother, who has 1 child, has at 49 years the formula 120/64 inches; build 2.1 (29). Her father, who is a carpenter, always well, is at 70 years slender. Her mother, who had 4 children, died at 36 years from pneumonia; she was of medium build. One child, female, a kindergarten teacher, has at 19 years the formula 110/63 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55+ years, 130/63 inches; build 2.3 (33).

_Comment._—The child is now like the slender parent and will probably increase somewhat in build (R: Lyn-2).

MER-B FAMILY.

A family of English extraction from Rochester, New York. The Father, at 21 years, had the formula 200/71 inches; build 2.8 (40). His father had the formula 250/73 inches; build 3.3 (47). His mother had the formula 130/70 inches; build 1.9 (27).

The Mother, at 21 years, had the formula 96/61 inches; build 1.8 (25). Her father had the formula 170/68 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her mother had the formula 150/65 inches; build 2.5 (36). Five children:

1. Male, at 21 years, had the formula 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38).

2. Male, at 21 years, 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).

3. Female, 140/64 inches; build 2.4 (34).

4. Female, 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).

5. Female, 130/67 inches; build 2.0 (29).

_Comment._—All 5 children are intermediate between the parents; 1 is fleshy, 1 slender (S:Mer-B).

MOR FAMILY. (Fig. 24.)

(_a_) II 1 ♂, stature 181 cm. (71 inches); weight 13 kg. (200 pounds); build 3.5 (50); very fleshy. Married II 2, a slender woman. They had 7 sons, 2 fleshy, 5 medium, and 6 daughters, 1 fleshy and 5 medium. Thus 3 fleshy and 10 of medium build. To save space only 5 are represented in figure 24.

(_b_) IV 16 ♂, slender, married IV 17 ♀, fleshy, who has 2 fleshy and 2 slender sibs; and both parents fleshy. They have 4 living children, all slender.

(_c_) IV 5 ♂, fleshy with 4 fleshy, 1 medium, and 1 slender sibs and a fleshy and medium parent; married IV 6, slender, with a slender sister. They had 2 sons, both slender (73:690).

PAD-1 FAMILY.

A family of English extraction, living in the middle West. The Father, a horticulturist, subject in middle life to catarrh, is living at 55 years, having had at 50 years the formula 145/72 inches; build 2.0 (28). His father, a farmer, who in youth suffered from measles and bronchitis, and in middle age from liver trouble, died at 59 years from complication of stomach and liver diseases. At 55 years his formula 145/68 inches; build 2.2 (31). His mother is living at 80 years, having the formula 160/68 inches; build 2.4 (35).

The Mother, at 49 years, had the formula 145/63 inches; build 2.6 (37). Her father, a merchant and farmer, suffered in youth from typhoid fever and congestion of the brain. He died at 86 years from old age, having had at 70 years the formula 170/72 inches; build 2.3 (33). Her mother died at 83 years of old age, having the formula 95/64 inches; build 1.6 (23). The only grown child is a male, a student, who in youth suffered from measles and catarrh, has at 21 years the formula 155/67 inches; build 2.4 (35); adjusted to 50 years, 171/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).

_Comment._—The only grown child is like his stouter parent in build (R: Pad-1).

ROM-1 FAMILY.

A family of prevailing English stock, living in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Kansas. The Father, who is a lawyer, has at 72 years the formula 170/67 inches; build 2.7 (38). Three of his brothers died at 26 years, 41 years, and 22 years respectively, from tuberculosis; all were of medium height. Their father, who was a “farmer and blacksmith,” died at 76 years from Bright’s disease; was slender. Their mother, who had 5 children, died at 55 years from “tuberculosis of the liver”; was corpulent. The Father is doubtless heterozygous in build.

The Mother has at 67 years the formula 119/65 inches; build 2.0 (28). One of her sisters, who was tall, died from “quick consumption”; another from diabetes; another from dropsy. Two of her brothers, tall, died from hardening of the arteries, another from “leakage of the heart,” and another from dropsy. Their father, who was a miller, died at 76 years—“a complication of diseases (asthma).” He was corpulent. Their mother, who had 10 children, died at 72 years from pneumonia; was of medium build. The 7 children are:

1. Female, married, who in middle age suffered from rheumatism, has at 44 years the formula 155/64 inches; build 2.7 (38); adjusted to 55 years, 158/64 inches; build 2.7 (39).

2. Male, a farmer, who in youth suffered from malarial fever, has at 41 years the formula 150/68 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 155/68 inches; build 2.4 (34).

3. Male, a farmer, has at 38 years the formula 155/68 inches; build 2.4 (34); adjusted to 55 years, 161/68 inches; build 2.5 (35).

4. Male, who died at 18 years from diphtheria, having the formula 145/72 inches; build 2.0 (28); adjusted to 55 years, 171/72 inches; build 2.3 (33).

5. Female, married, has at 31 years the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27); adjusted to 55 years, 132/65 inches; build 2.2 (31).

6. Male, a farmer, has at 28 years the formula 160/71 inches; build 2.2 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 174/71 inches; build 2.4 (35).

7. Female, a student, who in youth suffered from tonsillitis, scarlet fever, and other “children’s” diseases, has at 22 years the formula 118/64 inches; build 2.0 (29); adjusted to 55 years, 136/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).

_Comment._—All except one on the adjusted weights equal or exceed the mid-parent index. One of the 7 children is as fleshy as the fleshier parent (R: Rom-1).

RID FAMILY. (Fig. 48.)

III 9 ♂, at 59 years, stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 73 kg. (160 pounds); build 2.9 (42); fleshy; “as fat as butter when a child.” He has 3 fleshy sibs and his parents are dissimilar in build; hence he is heterozygous; married to III 10 ♀, slender, of two slender parents.

Of their 2 children, IV 3 ♀, at 30 years is slender; IV 4 ♂, at 16 years, slender (73:727).

VAN FAMILY. (Fig. 44.)

I 3 ♂, died at 51 years of heart disease, stature 170 cm. (67 inches); weight 86 kg. (190 pounds); build 3.0 (42); fleshy. He was one of a fraternity of 8 of whom something is known of the following: I 1 ♂, slender; I 2 ♂, stature 183 (72 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.7 (38.5); fleshy; slender as a child. I 3, married I 4, who died at 32, was tall, slender, angular. A brother is of medium build.

They have 5 children: II 1 ♂, died at 53 years of indigestion; stature 189 cm. (74 inches); weight 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.6 (37); fleshy. II 2 ♀, always slender. II 3 ♀, slender. II 4 ♂, at 54, stature 175 cm. (69 inches); weight 88 kg. (194 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy. Relative chest-girth 108 ÷ 175, or 62 per cent. He first began to increase in build at 22 years and at 30 years had his present build; loses weight after vigorous exercise. He married a woman (II 5) who, like himself, was slender in youth, but began to grow fleshy at 39, and now has a build of 2.9 (41). She has 2 slender, 2 fleshy, and 2 very fleshy sibs, and her parents were both very fleshy. The foregoing couple (II 4, 5) have 2 children who grew up. III 1 ♀ at 28 years, keeps slender by constant dieting. III 2 ♂ (one of twins) at 25 years, very slender, nervous, and irritable. The children have not yet reached the age when their mother became fleshy.

Finally, II 7 ♀, at 50 years, is 170 cm. (67 inches) tall and weighs 88 kg. (195 pounds); build 3.1 (43); fleshy. She was slender up to 27 years of age. She is married to a somewhat fleshy man and their daughter at 27 is of medium build, but beginning to grow fleshy.

_Comment._—The mating of a man of build 3.0, of a fraternity that is variable in build, and a woman of slender build yields grown children with following builds: 2.6, “slender,” “slender,” 2.9 (slender in youth), and 3.1 (slender in youth). Three of the five become fleshy, but probably only late in life—the heterozygous reaction (73:745).

WAT FAMILY.

A family of English extraction living in Wyoming. The Father, who has tuberculosis, has the formula 125/68 inches; build 1.9 (27). His father was slender and of average height. His mother was fleshy and of average height.

The Mother had at 50 the formula 165/64 inches; build 2.8 (40), but averaged usually from 120 to 128 pounds. She had stomach trouble. Her father, an invalid and sufferer from tuberculosis, rheumatism, neuralgia, heart trouble, and dropsy, had the formula 120/68 inches; build 1.8 (26). His weight varied from 102 to 120 pounds; very slender. Her mother, who had a goiter of which she was cured, and quinsy, had the formula 140/56 inches; build 3.1 (45). The mother’s father’s father had the formula 180/73.5 inches; build 2.3 (33). His weight varied from 180 to 200 pounds. He was muscular, not fat. The Mother’s father’s mother was always thin and had the formula 115/65 inches; build 1.9 (27). She had liver trouble and cancer of the face. The Mother’s mother’s father had cancer of the face and underwent an operation for it. His formula was 125/65 inches; build 2.1 (30). The Mother’s mother’s mother had at 70 years the formula 160/67 inches; build 2.5 (36). She grew heavier in middle age. The children are:

1. Male, liable to tuberculosis, has at 24 years the formula 134/67.5 inches; build 2.1 (30).

2. Male, has weak lungs; has at 22 years the formula 170/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).

3. Male, has at 18 years the formula 126/68 inches; build 1.9 (27).

_Comment._—The children show the usual variability that arises from this type of mating (D:Wat.).

Mating 2. FLESHY × HETEROZYGOUS FLESHY PARENTS.

This includes matings between a heterozygous parent of fleshy build and a very fleshy (or fleshy) parent of fleshy stock; a back-cross to the more nearly dominant type.

The matings of this type are as shown in table 33.

TABLE 33.—_Matings between a probably homozygous fleshy and a heterozygous fleshy parent, together with the progeny of this back-cross._

+--------+---------------------------------------+---------------------+
| | Parentage. | Offspring. |
| +--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+
| Ref. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| |FF|FM| F | Father’s|MF|MM| M | Mother’s|VS| S | M | F | VF |
| | | | | sibs. | | | | sibs. | | | | | |
+--------+--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|Hud |28|46| 45| |38|35| 40| | | | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|Jon 11c |29|49| 39|1VF 3F 5M|37|42| 39|2F 4M | | | 1 | 8 | 1 |
|Pal |F |M | 43|1S 3F 1VF| | | 40| | | | 2 | | 1 |
|Rec (a) |S | | 40|2F | | |100|2F 1S | | | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|Rec (b) |F |S |40F| |F |VF| 57|2VF 2F 1M| | | | | 1 |
|Rid | |F | 56| |S | |49±|4F 2M | | 1 | | 3 | 3 |
|Smi |VF| | VF| |M | | 48|1F | | 1 | | 3 | 3 |
|The 1 |30|31| F |1F 4S |33|33| 34|2S 1M | | | 3 | 4 | 3 |
|Wen |46|M | 46| |M |M | 37|2F | | | 6 | | 2 |
| +--+--+---+ +--+--+---+ +--+---+----+----+----+
| Total | | 2 | 14 | 21 | 19 |
|Proportions | |3.6|25.0|37.5|33.9|
+--------+--+--+---+---------+--+--+---+---------+--+---+----+----+----+

A = 40.48 ± 0.57.
S. D. 6.36 ± 0.41.

These 9 matings yielded 56 children, with the following percentage distribution: 4 S, 25 M, 37 F, 34 VF. The 6-zygotic-factor mating 5 × 3 (both possibilities) gives a percentage distribution of 3 S, 25 M, 43 F, 28 VF, which approximates that found.

Attention is called to the distribution of offspring in the Pal, Rid, Smi, and Wen families. In these families the children are of two extreme types; intermediates are absent. The result may be due merely to small numbers, but it suggests the presence of two sorts of gametes in the heterozygous parent and hence a tendency to segregation in the offspring.

HUD FAMILY. (Fig. 45.)

The Father’s (II 7) build is 3.2 (45); very fleshy; his father’s (I 1) was 2.0 (28) and his mother’s 3.2 (46). Thus the Father is heterozygous. The Mother’s (II 8) build is 2.8 (40). Her father’s build was 2.7 (38), fleshy; and her mother’s 2.5 (35); medium fleshy. The Mother’s 7 sibs have builds ranging between 2.5 (35) and 3.2 (46); principally fleshy to very fleshy. So this may be regarded as a back-cross of a heterozygous parent with a fleshy one of fleshy stock. Of the 4 children, 1 is medium-fleshy (III 11) with a build of 2.5 (36), 1 is fleshy (III 10) 2.7 (38), and two very fleshy; build 3.2 (45); thus the build of the offspring is varied, but prevailing very fleshy.

JON-11C FAMILY. (Fig. 46.)

A family of Welsh extraction living chiefly in New York State and Ohio. The Father (II 10), a farmer, suffered in middle age from “rupture,” and died at 88 years from “old age,” having the formula 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39). Of his 9 sibs:

1. Brother, died at 70 years from “dissipation,” having the formula 175/68.5 inches; build 2.6 (36).

2. Brother, who died at 53 years from “inflammation of kidneys and dyspepsia,” had the formula 125/63 inches; build 2.2 (31).

3. Sister, who died at 68 years from Bright’s disease, 140/57 inches; build 3.0 (43).

4. Sister, who died at 74 years from “flux,” 150/58 inches; build 3.1 (44).

5. Sister, who died at 75 years from Bright’s disease, 120/59 inches; build 2.4 (34).

6. Sister, who died at 60 years from Bright’s disease, 118/59.5 inches; build 2.3 (33).

7. Sister, who died at 73 years, 135/64 inches; build 2.3 (33).

8. Brother, who died from typhoid fever at 44 years, 175/68 inches; build 2.7 (38).

9. Brother, 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39).

Their father, a farmer, suffered in middle age from “hernia”; died of heart trouble at 65 years, having the formula 120/64.5 inches; build 2.0 (29). Their mother died at 77 years from pneumonia, having the formula 160/57 inches; build 3.5 (49).

The Mother suffered from “nervousness” before marriage, then not troubled with it again till menopause. She died of “heart trouble, dropsy, paralysis, and nervousness” at 80 years, having the formula 150/62 inches; build 2.7 (39). Of her 8 sibs:

1. Brother, who died from “congestive chill,” was 67 inches in height.

2. Brother, who died at 56 years from “old age,” 180/71 inches; build 2.5 (36).

3. Brother, who died at 81 years from “poor circulation” and stomach trouble, had the formula 170/71 inches; build 2.4 (34).

4. Brother, who died from pneumonia at 45 years, 180/70 inches; build 2.6 (37).

5. Brother, who died from “kidney trouble” at 40 years, 170/70 inches; build 2.4 (35).

6. Brother, who died at 57 years from “abscess on liver,” 160/69 inches; build 2.4 (34).

7. Sister, who died at 25 years from “child-birth.”

8. Sister, who died at 72 years from “overdose of medicine,” 165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).

Their father, a farmer and cabinet-maker all his life, died at 83 years from paralysis, having the formula 200/74 inches; build 2.6 (37). Their mother, who in middle age suffered from dropsy and palsy, died at 83 years from “old age.” Her formula was 160/62 inches; build 2.9 (42).

The 10 children:

1. Male, a farmer, recorded as always well, has at 66 years the formula 165/67 inches; build 2.6 (37).

2. Female, who in youth suffered from “ague, flux, erysipelas, cholera morbus,” has at 65 years the formula 130/59 inches; build 2.6 (37).

3. Female, who in youth suffered from asthma, has at 63 years the formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).

4. Male, a lawyer, who in youth suffered from scarlet fever, and middle age from “acquired neurasthenia,” has at 59 years the formula 190/70 inches; build 2.7 (39).

5. Female, a school-teacher, who died at 20 years from typhoid fever, had the formula 120/61 inches; build 2.3 (32); adjusted to 55 years, 139/61 inches; build 2.6 (37).

6. Female, who suffered in youth from scarlet fever and in middle age from typhoid and kidney trouble, has always been “nervous,” has at 55 years the formula 150/61 inches; build 2.8 (40).

7. Male, a farmer and “shopman,” who in youth suffered from Bright’s disease, has at 53 years the formula 170/67.5 inches; build 2.6 (37).

8. Female, who at 17 years had fever, lost her mind, has not been well since—“gradual mental deterioration.” At 51 years she has the formula 170/62 inches; build 3.1 (44).

9. Female, who in youth suffered from “thrush,” and in middle life from malarial fever and gradual mental deterioration, has at 51 years the formula 116/57.5 inches; build 2.4 (35).

10. Female, who at 48 years has the formula 165/63 inches; build 2.9 (42).

_Comment._—This is an extraordinarily valuable pedigree furnished by a member of the family who has taken great pains with the record. Both parents are of middle-fleshy build (39). The Father’s fraternity shows sibs: 5 medium, 4 fleshy, and 1 very fleshy. This is associated with semi-dwarfishness, one of the sisters being only 57 inches in stature and one of the brothers only 63 inches. _One of their parents is slender; one obese._ The Mother’s fraternity comprises 4 persons of medium build and 3 stout. Their _parents are both fleshy_. The “children” are remarkably uniform. Since they all, except one, reached the parental age, no “adjustment” is necessary; they can be compared directly. One is of medium build, 8 are stout like their parents (including the adjusted age of the girl who died at 20), and 1 is just over the line of being very stout (44), like her paternal aunt and a little less than her Father’s mother. Here the obesity has skipped a generation in the direct line, possibly because the Father was phenotypically reduced in build, perhaps because of his advanced age (88). This circumstance offers, however, no theoretical difficulty. The uniformity of the progeny favors the hypothesis that in this family there are only two independent factors for fleshy build (R: Jon-11_c_).

PAL FAMILY. (Fig. 25.)

A family living in a small town in good circumstances. III 9 ♂, a farmer, who at 67 years is 173 cm. (68 inches) tall, weighs around 90 kg. or 200 pounds; build 3.0 (43); fleshy; net relative chest-girth 120/173, or 71 per cent. This near-obese man was slender as a boy and began to grow fleshy at 30 years of age. There are 5 others in his fraternity: (1) III 7 ♂, a physician, at 71 years is 178 cm. (70 inches) tall, weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 2.9 (41); fleshy; relative chest-girth 119/178, or 67 per cent. He is doubtless heterozygous for build, since, by a slender wife, he has 2 fleshy and 2 slender children. (2) III 8 ♀, married, at 69 years has stature 157 cm. (62 inches); weight 75 kg. (155 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy; relative chest-girth 107/157, or 68 per cent. By a man of medium build she has 1 fleshy, 1 medium, and 3 slender children.[10] (3) III 11 ♂, at 65 years has a stature of 175 cm. (69 inches); weight 61 kg. (135 pounds); build 2.0 (28); slender. (4) III 5 ♂, at 62 years, stature 178 cm. (70 inches); weight 95 kg. (210 pounds); build 3.0 (43); fleshy. His relative chest-girth 117/178, or 66 per cent. As a boy he was of medium build; at about 30 years, like III 7, he began to grow fleshy, and is now dieting for diabetes (?). By a fleshy wife, whose sibs vary in build, he has 2 fleshy children and 1 of medium build. (5) III 12, at 59 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of 102 kg. (224 pounds); build 3.6 (52); very fleshy. By a husband of medium build she has 1 slender and 1 medium child.[10]

[10] Not shown in figure 25.

The father (II 5) of this fraternity, who died at 87 years of cancer of the face, was fleshy. He had 5 brothers, all of whom lived to be over 80 years of age and who all, save 1, weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds). The mother (II 6) of the man’s fraternity died at 64 of pneumonia; she was of medium build, and her 4 sibs were of medium build. Thus all her children were probably somewhat heterozygous, including III 9, the father of 3.

III 10, the wife of III 9, is 178 cm. tall and weighs over 90 kg.; build 2.8 (40+); fleshy.

Of the 3 children: (1) IV 7 ♂ at 44 is of medium build. By a slender wife he had a daughter who at 22 years has a build 2.4 (34); medium build. (2) IV 10 ♀, at 42 years, has a stature of 163 cm. (64 inches) and weight of over 115 kg. (250+ pounds); build 4.3 (61+); obese. She married a slender man, and 1 of their 9 children, at 19 years, weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds). (3) IV 11 ♂ is a medium weight; he married a slender woman and has 4 children who are of medium build.

_Comment._—A fleshy Father, who is heterozygous for build, and his fleshy wife (of unknown gametic composition) have 1 obese child and 2 children of medium build (73:704).

REC FAMILY, A. (Fig. 47.)

II 5 ♂ died at 84 years of “heart disease.” His stature was 188 cm. (74 inches) and weight 100 kg. (220 pounds); build 2.8 (40); fleshy. He had a fleshy brother and sister. Their father was a slender man, but nothing is known about their mother. II 5 married II 6, who died at 58 years of bronchial pneumonia. Her formula, 360/60 inches; build of 7.0 (100); very obese. She has 1 very fleshy and 1 fleshy sister and a slender brother.

This fleshy pair had 6 offspring, as follows: (1) III 2 ♀ (plate 9, fig. 2), build 4.0 (57), relative chest-girth, 90 per cent. She is the obese mother (by a fleshy, 2.8 (40), consort) of a slightly less obese daughter, of build 3.7 (53) (plate 9, fig. 3). (2) III 3 ♂, 170 cm. (67 inches) tall, and weighing 91 kg. (200 pounds); build 3.1 (45); very fleshy. He is now at a State institution and weighs some 20 or 30 pounds less. (3) III 4 ♂, build about 2.4 (34); medium. (4) III 5 ♂, very fleshy. (5) III 6 ♂, about 183 cm. (72 inches) tall, weighs over 90 kg. (200 pounds); has very large shoulders and abdomen; build, say, 2.8 (40). (6) III 8 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of 71 kg. (157 pounds); build 2.7 (38); fleshy. Her relative chest-girth is 52 per cent. She married a man of build 3.4 (48) and has 3 sons—2 slender and 1 fleshy.

_Comment._—The parents II 5 and II 6 were probably heterozygous, so that they produced 1 in 6 of medium build. Also, their children are mostly heterozygous. Of 8 grandchildren, 2 are slender, 2 are stout (73:714).

REC FAMILY, B. (Fig. 47.)

III 1 ♂, fleshy, with a fleshy father and slender mother, married to III 2 ♀ (plate 9, fig. 2), who at 53 years has a stature of 150 cm. (59 inches) and weight of much over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build 4.0 (57); obese. Her relative chest-girth is 135/150, or 90 per cent; extraordinarily obese. At 16, when married, she weighed 110 pounds; build 2.2 (32); medium. 4 of her 4 sibs and both parents are exceedingly obese (her mother weighs 163 kg. [360 pounds] and has a build of 7.0 [100]).

The foregoing pair had 5 children, 4 of whom died young. The other, IV 2 ♀, at 36 years has a stature of 168 cm. (66 inches) and weight of 104 kg. (229 pounds); build 3.7 (53); very fleshy. Her relative chest-girth is 130/168, or 77 per cent. She had at her marriage, when 23 years old (to a slender man), a build of 2.3 (33), medium grade. After marriage she increased rapidly in weight, menstruation became scant, she lost the sex-instinct, and is barren (plate 7, fig. 3).

_Comment._—A tendency to extreme obesity runs in four generations. This is apparently of the adiposo-genitalis type, with sterility in the latest generation. Obvious dominant factors are at work here (73:714).

RID FAMILY. (Fig. 48.)

II 2 ♂ died at 54 years; short and weighed 110 kg. (240 pounds); build, say, 3.9 (56); very fleshy. A brother who died at 52 of apoplexy was fleshy, married a fleshy woman, and had a fleshy son. The mother of this fraternity was fleshy; about her consort’s build nothing is known, but he had a fleshy sister (I 1).

II 3 ♀, wife of II 2, died of senility at 89; she weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds). She had 7 sibs: (1) II 4 ♀ died of epilepsy, was of medium weight, married, and had 5 children, 4 of medium weight and 1 fleshy. (2) II 5 ♀ of unknown build. II 6 ♀ of medium weight, her children slender. II 7 ♂ weighed over 90 kg. (200 pounds); build, say, 2.9 (41), or fleshy. II 8 ♂ weighed over 90 kg.; fleshy. II 9 ♂ also fleshy, like his two brothers. II 10 unknown. Thus of this fraternity of 6 known persons, 4 are fleshy, 2 medium. Their father was slender; their mother “short and plump.”

There are 7 offspring from this mating between II 2 and 3: (1) III 1 ♀, at 66 years, is bedridden from a broken hip; tall, weight 77 kg. (170 pounds); chest-girth 108 cm. (42 inches); build, say, 2.8 (40); fleshy; she was fleshy as a child of 10 years. (2) III 2 ♂, died at 60 of paralysis, was always slender. (3) III 3 ♂, at 62 years, is tall (say, 71 inches) and weighs 97.5 kg. (235 pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy. (4) III 4 ♀, at 56 years has the formula 91 kg. (200 pounds); 161 cm. (63.5 inches); build 3.4 (49); very fleshy; relative chest-girth 74 per cent. She was fleshy from the age of 16 years. (5) III 5 ♀, at 51 years, is very fleshy; was a slender child. (6) III 6 ♀ is fleshy. (7) III 8 ♀, at 35 years weighed 86 kg. (190 pounds), but now at 50 she is a helpless invalid and has grown slender; she was somewhat slender as a girl. Thus the offspring are 3 very fleshy, 2 fleshy, 1 always slender, and 1 formerly fleshy but reduced by illness (73:727).

SMI FAMILY. (Fig. 26.)

I 1 ♂ died at 72 years of acute indigestion; said to have been very fleshy, like his father. His wife, I 2 ♀, died at 68 years of paralysis. She was less than 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighed 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.4 (48); very fleshy. She had 3 sibs, of whom it is known that 1 was fleshy; the other 2 unknown. Her father was of medium build and had 3 children by an earlier marriage, and of these 2 were slender and 1 fleshy. There were 7 children from I 1 and 2. (1) II 1, a man who died at 69 of pneumonia and diabetes and whose stature is 173 cm. (68 inches) and weight about 95 kg. (210 pounds); build 3.2 (45). (2) II 3 ♀ at 75 years is 155 cm. (61 inches) tall and weighs 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.4 (48). By a stout consort she has 2 stout and 4 slender children. (3) II 9 ♀, married, at 74 years is 163 cm. (64 inches) tall and weighs 49 kg. (107 pounds); build 1.8 (26); slender. By a slender husband she had one slender daughter, build 1.9 (27), a slender son, and 2 other children who died young. (4) II 5 ♀, fleshy. (5) II 6 ♀, fleshy. (6) II 7 ♀ said to be 157 cm. (62 inches) tall and to weigh 82 kg. (180 pounds); build 3.3 (47); very fleshy. (7) II 4 ♂, at 55 years, fleshy. By a medium wife he had a son who at 26 years weighs 77 kg. (170 pounds) and was fleshy as a growing boy. Of the 7 children, 1 is slender, 3 are fleshy, and 3 very fleshy (73:736).

THR-1 FAMILY. (Fig. 33.)

A family of English and French stock living in the middle western States. The Father (II 8), whose occupation has been very shifting, who suffered from “weak lungs” at 35 years, and who died at 81 years, had in middle life the formula 140/72 inches; build 1.9 (27). But in answer to special inquiry it appears that he “took on flesh” in later years. He has to be recorded as fleshy. Of his 3 sisters, two are slender (both with cardiac hypertrophy), and 1 is of fleshy build. The fat sister had 2 daughters who weighed over 225 pounds each. His 2 brothers are slender. His father (I 1), a blacksmith, died at 90 years, having the formula 150/71 inches; build 2.1 (30). His mother, always well, died at 68 years, having the formula 130/65 inches; build 2.2 (31); medium. This side of the house carries both fleshy and slender strains, some of the slender individuals being so, probably, through disease. Apparently the Father is heterozygous for fleshiness, perhaps one reason why he became fleshy late in life.

The Mother (II 9) suffered from arthritis deformans and died at 79 years. Her formula was 135/63 inches; build 2.4 (34). Two of her sibs are slender and one of medium build. Her father (I 3), who suffered from arthritis deformans, was confined to his chair from rheumatism the last 15 years, and died at 72 years, having the formula 160/70 inches, build 2.3 (33). Her mother, who died at 50 years, had the formula 140/65 inches; build 2.3 (33). She had a sister (I 5) who weighed about 250 pounds, “an enormous woman.” This side of the house is of prevailingly medium build but with a tendency to obesity in one line. The children are 10 in number: