Chapter XVI: Part 16

BERRI (_Madame de_), wife of the Duc de Berri (youngest grandson of
Louis XIV.).

CATHERINE II. of Russia, called “The Modern Messalina” (1729-1796).

GIOVANNA or JEAN of Naples. Her first love was James, count of March,
who was beheaded. Her second was Camicioli, whom she put to death. Her
next was Alfonso of Aragon. Her fourth was Louis d’Anjou, who died.
Her fifth was René, the brother of Louis.

ISABELLE of Bavaria, wife of Charles VI., and mistress of the duke of
Burgundy.

ISABELLE of France, wife of Edward II., and mistress of Mortimer.

JULIA, daughter of the Emperor Augustus.

MAROZIA, the daughter of Theodora, and mother of Pope John XI. The
infamous daughter of an infamous mother (ninth century.)

MESSALI´NA, the wife of Claudius, the Roman emperor.

=Wonder= (_The_), a comedy by Mrs. Centlivre; the second title being
_A Woman Keeps a Secret_ (1714). The woman referred to is Violantê,
and the secret she keeps is that Donna Isabella, the sister of Don
Felix, has taken refuge under her roof. The danger she undergoes in
keeping the secret is this: Her lover, Felix, who knows that Colonel
Briton calls at the house, is jealous, and fancies that he calls to
see Violantê. The reason why Donna Isabella has sought refuge with
Violantê is to escape a marriage with a Dutch gentleman whom she
dislikes. After a great deal of trouble and distress, the secret is
unravelled, and the comedy ends with a double marriage, that of
Violantê with Don Felix, and that of Isabella with Colonel Briton.

=Wonder of the World= (_The_).

GERBERT, a man of prodigious learning. When he was made pope, he took
the name of Sylvester II. (930, 999-1003).

OTTO III. of Germany, a pupil of Gerbert. What he did deserving to be
called _Mirabilia Mundi_ nobody knows (980, 983-1002).

FREDERICK II. of Germany (1194, 1215-1250).

=Wonderful Doctor=, Roger Bacon (1214-1292).

=Wood= (_Babes in the_), a baby boy and girl left by a gentleman of
Norfolk on his death-bed to the care of his brother. The boy was to
have £300 a year on coming of age, and little Jane £500 as a wedding
portion. The uncle promised to take care of the children, but scarcely
had a year gone by when he hired two ruffians to make away with them.
The hirelings took the children on horseback to Wayland Wood, where
they were left to die of cold and hunger. The children would have been
killed, but one of the fellows relented, expostulated with his
companion, and finally slew him. The survivor compromised with his
conscience by leaving the babes alive in the wood. Everything went ill
with the uncle from that hour; his children died, his cattle died, his
barns were set on fire, and he himself died in jail.

⁂ The prettiest version of this story is one set to a Welsh tune; but
Percy has a version in his _Reliques of Ancient English Poetry_.

=Woodcock= (_Adam_), falconer of the Lady Mary at Avenel Castle. In
the revels he takes the character of the “abbot of Unreason.”--Sir W.
Scott, _The Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).

_Woodcock_ (_Justice_), a gouty, rheumatic, crusty, old country
gentleman, who invariably differed with his sister, Deb´orah, in
everything. He was a bit of a Lothario in his young days, and still
retained a somewhat licorous tooth. Justice Woodcock had one child,
named Lucinda, a merry girl, full of frolic and fun.

_Deborah Woodcock_, sister of the justice; a starch, prudish old maid,
who kept the house of her brother, and disagreed with him in
everything.--Isaac Bickerstaff, _Love in a Village_ (1762).

=Woodcocks= (_The_). _John Woodcock_, a rough, reckless colonist, who
seems harsh to his motherless girl while she is a child, but
subsequently betrays the depths of fatherly affection when she is
persecuted by others.

_Mary Woodcock_, wild, wayward, passionate girl, in trouble from her
youth up. She marries a gentle-hearted fellow, Hugh Parsons; is tried
for slandering a neighbor, and, driven insane by ill-treatment,
murders her baby, believing it to be a changeling. She is tried for
witchcraft, and acquitted; for child-murder, and sentenced to death,
but dies before the sentence is carried into execution. Her father
says over her lifeless body:

“If I didn’t think the Lord would see just how she’s been abused and
knocked round, and would allow for the way she was brung up, and would
strike out all He’s got agin her, excepting that that didn’t come from
bein’ meddled with and insulted and plagued, I should want to have her
an’ me an’ everybody else I care anything about, blown into a thousand
flinders, body and soul, and all the pieces lost.”--J. G. Holland,
_The Bay Path_ (1857).

=Woodcourt= (_Allan_), a medical man, who married Esther Summerson.
His mother was a Welsh woman, apt to prose on the subject of
Morgan-ap-Kerrig.--C. Dickens, _Bleak House_ (1852).

=Wooden Horse= (_The_). Virgil tells us that Ulysses had a monster
wooden horse, made by Epēos after the death of Hector, and gave out
that it was an offering to the gods to secure a prosperous voyage back
to Greece. By the advice of Sinon, the Trojans dragged the horse into
Troy for a palladium; but at night the Grecian soldiers concealed
therein were released by Sinon from their concealment, slew the Trojan
guards, opened the city gates, and set fire to Troy. Arctīnos of
Milētus, in his poem called _The Destruction of Troy_, furnished
Virgil with the tale of “the Wooden Horse” and “the burning of Troy”
(fl. B.C. 776).

A remarkable parallel occurred in Saracenic history. Arrestan, in
Syria, was taken in the seventh century by Abu Obeidah by a similar
stratagem. He obtained leave of the governor to deposit in the citadel
some old lumber which impeded his march. Twenty large boxes filled
with men were carried into the castle. Abu marched off; and, while the
Christians were returning thanks for the departure of the enemy, the
soldiers removed the sliding bottoms of the boxes and made their way
out, overpowered the sentries, surprised the great church, opened the
city gates, and Abu, entering with his army, took the city without
further opposition.--Ockley, _History of the Saracens_, i. 185 (1718).

The capture of Sark affords another parallel. Sark was in the hands of
the French. A Netherlander, with one ship, asked permission to bury
one of his crew in the chapel. The French consented, provided the crew
came on shore wholly unarmed. This was agreed to, but the coffin was
full of arms, and the crew soon equipped themselves, overpowered the
French, and took the island.--Percy, _Anecdotes_, 249.

Swoln with hate and ire, their huge, unwieldy force
Came clustering like the Greeks out of the wooden horse.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xii. (1613).

_Wooden Horse_ (_The_), Clavilēno, the wooden horse on which Don
Quixote and Sancho Panza got astride to disenchant Antonomas´ia and
her husband, who were shut up in the tomb of Queen Maguncia of
Candaya.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II. iii. 4, 5 (1615).

Another _wooden horse_ was the one given by an Indian to the shah of
Persia as a New Year’s gift. It had two pegs; by turning one it rose
into the air, and by turning the other it descended wherever the rider
wished. Prince Firouz mounted the horse, and it carried him
instantaneously to Bengal.--_Arabian Nights_ (“The Enchanted Horse”).

Reynard says that King Crampart made for the daughter of King
Marcadigês a wooden horse which would go a hundred miles an hour. His
son, Clamadês, mounted it, and it flew out of the window of the king’s
hall, to the terror of the young prince.--Alkman, _Reynard the Fox_
(1498). (See CAMBUSCAN.)

=Wooden Walls=, ships made of wood. When Xerxes invaded Greece, the
Greeks sent to ask the Delphic oracle for advice, and received the
following answer (B.C. 480):--

Pallas hath urged, and Zeus, the sire of all,
Hath safety promised in a wooden wall;
Seed-time and harvest, sires shall, weeping, tell
How thousands fought at Salamis, and fell.

=Woodman= (_The_), an opera by Sir H. Bate Dudley (1771). Emily was
the companion of Miss Wilford, and made with Miss Wilford’s brother “a
mutual vow of inviolable affection;” but Wilford’s uncle and guardian,
greatly disapproving of such an alliance, sent the young man to the
Continent, and dismissed the young lady from his service. Emily went
to live with Goodman Fairlop, the woodman, and there Wilford
discovered her in an archery match. The engagement was renewed, and
terminated in marriage. The woodman’s daughter, Dolly, married Matthew
Medley, the factotum of Sir Walter Waring.

=Woodstal= (_Henry_), in the guard of Richard Cœur de Lion.--Sir W.
Scott, _The Talisman_ (time, Richard I.).

=Woodstock=, a novel by Sir W. Scott (1826). It was hastily put
together, but is not unworthy of the name it bears.

=Woodville= (_Harry_), the treacherous friend of Penruddock, who
ousted him of the wife to whom he was betrothed. He was wealthy, but
reduced himself to destitution by gambling.

_Mrs. Woodville_ (whose Christian name was Arabella), wife of Harry
Woodville, but previously betrothed to Roderick Penruddock. When
reduced to destitution Penruddock restored to her the settlement which
her husband had lost in play.

_Captain Henry Woodville_, son of the above; a noble soldier, brave
and high-minded, in love with Emily Tempest, but, in the ruined
condition of the family, unable to marry her. Penruddock makes over to
him all the deeds, bonds and obligations which his father had lost in
gambling.--Cumberland, _The Wheel of Fortune_ (1779).

_Woodville_ (_Lord_), a friend of General Brown. It was Lord
Woodville’s house that was haunted by the “lady in the Sacque.”--Sir
W. Scott, _The Tapestered Chamber_ (time, George III.).

=Woolen.= It was Mrs. Oldfield, the actress, who revolted at the idea
of being shrouded in woolen. She insisted on being arrayed in chintz
trimmed with Brussels lace, and on being well rouged to hide the
pallor of death. Pope calls her “Narcissa.”

“Odious! In woolen! ’Twould a saint provoke!”
Were the last words that poor Narcissa spoke.
“No, let a charming chintz and Brussels lace
Wrap my cold limbs and shade my lifeless face;
One would not, sure, be frightful when one’s dead!
And, Betty, give this cheek a little red.”
Pope, _Moral Essays_, i. (1731).

=Wopsle= (_Mr._), parish clerk. He had a Roman nose, a large, shining,
bald forehead, and a deep voice, of which he was very proud. “If the
Church had been thrown open,” _i.e._, free to competition, Mr. Wopsle
would have chosen the pulpit. As it was, he only punished the “Amens”
and gave out the psalms; but his face always indicated the inward
thought of “Look at this and look at that,” meaning the gent in the
reading-desk. He turned actor in a small metropolitan theatre.--C.
Dickens, _Great Expectations_ (1860).

=Work= (_Endless_), Penelopê’s web; Vortigern’s Tower; washing the
blackamoor white; etc.

=Work-room= (_My_).

“Yet the world is thy field, thy garden,
On earth art Thou still at home.
When thou bendest hither thy hallowing eye,
My narrow work-room seems vast and high,
Its dingy ceiling, a rainbow dome--
Stand ever thus at my wide swung door,
And toil will be toil no more.”
Lucy Larcom, _Poetical Works_ (1885).

=World= (_End of the_). This ought to have occurred, according to
Cardinal Nicolas de Cusa, in 1704. He demonstrates it thus: The Deluge
happened in the thirty-fourth jubilee of fifty years from the Creation
(A.M. 1700), and therefore the end of the world should properly occur
on the thirty-fourth jubilee of the Christian era, or A.D. 1704. The
four grace years are added to compensate for the blunder of
chronologists respecting the first year of grace.

The most popular dates of modern times for the end of the world, or
what is practically the same thing, the Millennium, are the
following:--1757, Swedenborg; 1836, Johann Albrecht Bengel, _Erklärte
Offenbarung_; 1843, William Miller, of America; 1866, Dr. John
Cumming; 1881, Mother Shipton.

It was very generally believed in France, Germany, etc., that the end
of the world would happen in the thousandth year after Christ; and
therefore much of the land was left uncultivated, and a general famine
ensued. Luckily, it was not agreed whether the thousand years should
date from the birth or the death of Christ, or the desolation would
have been much greater. Many charters begin with these words, _As the
world is now drawing to its close_. Kings and nobles gave up their
state: Robert of France, son of Hugh Capet, entered the monastery of
St. Denis; and at Limoges, princes, nobles, and knights proclaimed
“God’s Truce,” and solemnly bound themselves to abstain from feuds, to
keep the peace towards each other, and to help the oppressed.--Hallam,
_The Middle Ages_ (1818).

Another hypothesis is this: As one day with God equals a thousand
years (_Psalm_ xc. 4), and God labored in creation six days, therefore
the world is to labor 6000 years, and then to rest. According to this
theory, the end of the world ought to occur A.M. 6000, or A.D. 1996
(supposing the world to have been created 4004 years before the birth
of Christ). This hypothesis, which is widely accepted, is quite safe
for another century at least.

=Worldly Wiseman= (_Mr._), one who tries to persuade Christian that it
is very bad policy to continue his journey towards the Celestial City.
Bunyan, _Pilgrim’s Progress_, i. (1678).

=Worms= (_Language of_). Melampos the prophet was acquainted with the
language of worms, and when thrown into a dungeon, heard the worms
communicating to each other that the roof overhead would fall in, for
the beams were eaten through. He imparted this intelligence to his
jailers, and was removed to another dungeon. At night the roof did
fall, and the king, amazed at this foreknowledge, released Melampos,
and gave him the oxen of Iphiklos.

=Worse than a Crime.= Talleyrand said of the murder of the Duc
d’Enghien by Napoleon I. “It was worse than a crime, it was a
blunder.”

=Worthies= (_The Nine_). Three _Gentiles_: Hector, Alexander, Julius
Cæsar; three _Jews_: Joshua, David, Judas Maccabæus; three
_Christians_: Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon.

=Worthies of London.= (_The Nine_).

1. SIR WILLIAM WALWORTH, fishmonger, who stabbed Wat Tyler, the rebel.
For this service King Richard II. gave him the “cap of maintenance”
and a “dagger” for the arms of London (_Lord Mayor_, 1374, 1380).

2. SIR HENRY PRITCHARD or PICARD, vintner, who feasted Edward III.,
the Black Prince, John, king of Austria, the king of Cyprus, and David
of Scotland, with 5000 guests, in 1356, the year of his mayoralty.

3. SIR WILLIAM SEVENOKE, grocer. “A foundling, found under seven
oaks.” He fought with the dauphin, and built twenty almshouses, etc.
(_Lord Mayor_, 1418).

4. SIR THOMAS WHITE, merchant tailor, who, during the mayoralty in
1553, kept London faithful to Queen Mary during Wyatt’s rebellion. Sir
Thomas White was the son of a poor clothier, and began trade as a
tailor with £100. He was the founder of St. John’s College, Oxford, on
the spot where two elms grew from one root.

5. SIR JOHN BONHAM, mercer, commander of the army which overcame
Solyman the Great, who knighted him on the field after the victory,
and gave him chains of gold, etc.

6. SIR CHRISTOPHER CROKER, vintner, the first to enter Bordeaux, when
it was besieged. Companion and friend of Edward the Black Prince.

7. SIR JOHN HAWKWOOD, tailor, knighted by the Black Prince. He is
immortalized in Italian history as _Giovanni Acuti Cavaliero_. He died
in Padua.

8. SIR HUGH CAVERLEY, silk-weaver, famous for ridding Poland of a
monstrous bear. He died in France.

9. SIR HENRY MALEVERER, grocer, generally called “Henry of Cornhill,”
a crusader in the reign of Henry IV., and guardian of “Jacob’s
Well.”--R. Johnson, _The Nine Worthies of London_ (1592).

=Worthington= (_Lieutenant_), “the poor gentleman;” a disabled officer
and a widower, very poor, “but more proud than poor, and more honest
than proud.” He was for thirty years in the king’s army, but was
discharged on half-pay, being disabled at Gibraltar by a shell which
crushed his arm. His wife was shot in his arms when his daughter was
but three years old. The lieutenant put his name to a bill for £500;
but his friend dying before he had effected his insurance Worthington
became responsible for the entire sum, and if Sir Robert Bramble had
not most generously paid the bill the poor lieutenant would have been
thrown into jail.

_Emily Worthington_, the lieutenant’s daughter; a lovely, artless,
affectionate girl, with sympathy for every one, and a most amiable
disposition. Sir Charles Cropland tried to buy her, but she rejected
his proposals with scorn, and fell in love with Frederick Bramble, to
whom she was given in marriage.--C. Colman, _The Poor Gentleman_
(1802).

=Worthy=, in love with Melinda, who coquets with him for twelve
months, and then marries him.--G. Farquhar, _The Recruiting Officer_
(1705).

_Worthy_ (_Lord_), the suitor of Lady Reveller, who was fond of play.
She became weary of gambling, and was united in marriage to Lord
Worthy.--Mrs. Centlivre, _The Basset Table_ (1706).

=Wouvermans= (_The English_), Abraham Cooper. One of his best pieces
is “The Battle of Bosworth Field.”

Richard Cooper is called “The British Poussin.”

=Wrangle= (_Mr. Caleb_), a hen-pecked young husband, of oily tongue
and plausible manners, but smarting under the nagging tongue and
willful ways of his fashionable wife.

_Mrs. Wrangle_, his wife, the daughter of Sir Miles Mowbray. She was
for ever snubbing her young husband, wrangling with him, morning,
noon, and night, and telling him most provokingly “to keep his
temper.” This couple lead a cat-and-dog life: he was sullen, she quick
tempered; he jealous, she open and incautious.--Cumberland, _First
Love_ (1796).

=Wrath’s Hole= (_The_), Cornwall. Bolster, a gigantic wrath, wanted
St. Agnes to be his mistress. She told him she would comply when he
filled a small hole, which she pointed out to him, with his blood. The
wrath agreed, not knowing that the hole opened into the sea; and thus
the saint cunningly bled the wrath to death, and then pushed him over
the cliff. The hole is called “The Wrath’s hole” to this day, and the
stones about it are colored with blood-red streaks all
over.--Polwhele, _History of Cornwall_, i. 176 (1813).

=Wray= (_Enoch_), “the village patriarch,” blind, poor, and 100 years
old; but reverenced for his meekness, resignation, wisdom, piety, and
experience.--Crabbe, _The Village Patriarch_ (1783).

=Wrayburn= (_Eugene_), barrister-at-law; an indolent, idle, moody,
whimsical young man, who loves Lizzie Hexam. After he is nearly killed
by Bradley Headstone, he reforms, and marries Lizzie, who saved his
life.--C. Dickens, _Our Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Wren= (_Jenny_), whose real name was Fanny Cleaver, a doll’s
dressmaker, and the friend of Lizzie Hexam, who at one time lodged
with her. Jenny was a little, deformed girl, with a sharp, shrewd
face, and beautiful golden hair. She supported herself and her drunken
father, whom she reproved as a mother might reprove a child. “Oh,” she
cried to him, pointing her little finger, “you bad, old boy! Oh, you
naughty, wicked creature! What do you mean by it?”--C. Dickens, _Our
Mutual Friend_ (1864).

=Wrong= (_All in the_), a comedy by A. Murphy (1761). The principal
characters are Sir John and Lady Restless, Sir William Bellmont and
his son, George, Beverley and his sister, Clarissa, Blandford and his
daughter, Belinda. Sir John and Lady Restless were wrong in suspecting
each other of infidelity, but this misunderstanding made their lives
wretched. Beverley was deeply in love with Belinda, and was wrong in
his jealousy of her, but Belinda was also wrong in not vindicating
herself. She knew that she was innocent, and felt that Beverley ought
to trust her, but she gave herself and him needless torment by
permitting a misconception to remain which she might have most easily
removed. The old men were also wrong: Blandford in promising his
daughter in marriage to Sir William Bellmont’s son, seeing she loved
Beverley; and Sir William, in accepting the promise, seeing his son
was plighted to Clarissa. A still further complication of wrong
occurs. Sir John wrongs Beverley in believing him to be intriguing
with his wife; and Lady Restless wrongs Belinda in supposing that she
coquets with her husband; both were pure mistakes, all were in the
wrong, but all in the end were set right.

=Wronghead= (_Sir Francis_), of Bumper Hall, and M.P. for Guzzledown;
a country squire, who comes to town for the season, with his wife,
son, and eldest daughter. Sir Francis attends the House, but gives his
vote on the wrong side; and he spends his money on the hope of
obtaining a place under Government. His wife spends about £100 a day
on objects of no use. His son is on the point of marrying the “cast
mistress” of a swindler, and his daughter of marrying a forger; but
Manly interferes to prevent these fatal steps, and Sir Francis returns
home to prevent utter ruin.

_Lady Wronghead_, wife of Sir Francis; a country dame, who comes to
London, where she squanders money on worthless objects, and expects to
get into “society.” Happily, she is persuaded by Manly to return home
before the affairs of her husband are wholly desperate.

_Squire Richard_ [_Wronghead_], eldest son of Sir Francis, a country
bumpkin.

_Miss Jenny_ [_Wronghead_], eldest daughter of Sir Francis; a silly
girl, who thinks it would be a fine thing to be called a “countess,”
and therefore becomes the dupe of one Basset, a swindler, who calls
himself a “count.”--Vanbrugh and Cibber, _The Provoked Husband_
(1726).

=Wyat.= Henry Wyat was imprisoned by Richard III., and when almost
starved a cat appeared at the window-grating and dropped a dove into
his hand. This occurred day after day, and Wyat induced the warder to
cook for him the doves thus wonderfully obtained.

Elijah, the Tishbite, while he lay hidden at the brook Cherith, was
fed by ravens, who brought “bread and flesh” every morning and
evening.--_1 Kings_ xvii. 6.

=Wylie= (_Andrew_), ex-clerk of bailie Nicol Jarvie.--Sir W. Scott,
_Rob Roy_ (time, George I.).

_Wylie_ (_Joe_), mate of the _Proserpine_, hired by Arthur Wardlaw to
scuttle that vessel, that the insurance-money may be used to conceal
the fact of Wardlaw’s defalcations.--Charles Reade, _Foul Play_.

=Wynebgwrthucher=, the shield of King Arthur.--_The Mabinogion_
(“Kilhwch and Olwen,” twelfth century).

=Wynkyn de Worde=, the second printer in London (from 1491-1534). The
first was Caxton (from 1476-1491). Wynkyn de Worde assisted Caxton in
the new art of printing.

=Wynken.=

Wynken, Blynken and Nod one night,
Sailed off in a wooden shoe--
Sailed on a river of misty light
Into a sea of dew.
“Where are you going, and what do you wish?”
The old moon asked the three.
“We have come to fish for the herring-fish
That live in this beautiful sea,
Nets of silver and gold have we,”
Said Wynken, Blynken and Nod.
Eugene Field, _A Little Book of Western Verse_, (1889).

=Wyo´ming=, in Pennsylvania, purchased by an American company from the
Delaware Indians. It was settled by an American colony, but being
subject to constant attacks from the savages the colony armed in
self-defence. In 1778 most of the able-bodied men were called to join
the army of Washington, and in the summer of that year an army of
British and Indian allies, led by Colonel Butler, attacked the
settlement, massacred the inhabitants, and burnt their houses to the
ground.

⁂ Campbell has made this the subject of a poem entitled _Gertrude of
Wyoming_, but he pronounces the name Wy´oming, and makes Brant,
instead of Butler, the leader of the attack.

=Wyvill= (_William de_), a steward of the field at the
tournament.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Xan´adu=, a city mentioned by Coleridge in his fragment, _Kubla
Khan_. The idea of this poem is borrowed from the _Pilgrimage_ by
Purchas (1613), where Xanadu is called “Xaindu.” Coleridge says that
he composed the poem in a dream, after reading Purchas’ _Pilgrimage_.

=Xanthos=, the horse of Achillês. He spoke with a human voice, like
Balaam’s ass, Adrastos’s horse (Arīon), Fortunio’s horse (Comrade),
Mahomet’s “horse” (Al Borak), Sâleh’s camel, the dog of the seven
sleepers (Katmîr), the black pigeons of Dodona and Ammon, the king of
serpents (Temliha), the serpent which was cursed for tempting Eve, the
talking-bird called bulbul-hēzar, the little green bird of Princess
Fairstar, the White Cat _cum quibusdam aliis_.

The mournful Xanthus (says the bard of old)
Of Peleus’ warlike son the fortune told.
Peter Pindar [Dr. Wolcott], _The Lousiad_, v. (1809).

=Xantippe= (3 _syl._), wife of Socrătês; proverbial for a scolding,
nagging, peevish wife. One day, after storming at the philosopher, she
emptied a vessel of dirty water on his head, whereupon Socratês simply
remarked, “Aye, aye, we always look for rain after thunder.”

_Xantippe_ (3 _syl._), daughter of Cimo´nos. She preserved the life of
her old father in prison by suckling him. The guard marvelled that the
old man held out so long, and, watching for the solution, discovered
the fact.

Euphra´sia, daughter of Evander, preserved her aged father while in
prison in a similar manner. (See GRECIAN DAUGHTER.)

=Xavier= (_François_), Florentine priest, son of a cameo cutter, who
finds on the shore of Lake Superior an uncut onyx stone, called by
Black Beaver, the Indian owner, “the devil-stone.” Black Beaver will
not sell it, but his daughter, Marie, in love with Xavier, persuades
him to offer it to the Virgin. Xavier engraves upon it an exquisite
representation of Venus rising from the sea. Black Beaver, seeing his
daughter pining for love of Xavier, offers her to the chief priest of
the mission as Xavier’s wife, and learns that Romish priests cannot
marry. He drinks heavily all night, and the next day departs on a
journey “for stores.” That evening Marie, kneeling at prayer, sees
that the cameo has disappeared from the Virgin’s breast. Next day
François Xavier is found dead in the forest, an arrow in his heart.
When the shaft is withdrawn, the arrow-head remains in his bosom. A
century later, within the skeleton of a man exhumed near Starved Rock,
Illinois, is found a rarely beautiful cameo. “The uncanny thing
rattled within the white ribs.”--Elizabeth W. Champney, _The
Heartbreak Cameo_.

=Xavier de Belsunce= (_H. François_), immortalized by his
self-devotion in administering to the plague-stricken at Marseilles
(1720-22).

⁂ Other similar examples are Charles Borro´meo, cardinal and
archbishop of Milan (1538-1584). St. Roche, who died in 1327 from the
plague caught by him in his indefatigable labors in ministering to the
plague-stricken at Piacenza. Mompesson was equally devoted to the
people of Eyam. Sir John Lawrence, lord mayor of London, is less
known, but ought to be held in equal honor, for supporting 40,000
dismissed servants in the great plague.

=Xenoc´rates= (4 _syl._), a Greek philosopher. The courtezan Laïs made
a heavy bet that she would allure him from his philosophy; but after
she had tried all her arts on him without success, she exclaimed, “I
thought he had been a living man, and not a mere stone.”

Do you think I am Xenocrates, or like the Sultan with marble legs?
There you leave me tête-à-tête with Mrs. Haller, as if my heart were a
mere flint.--Benjamin Thompson, _The Stranger_, iv. 2 (1797).

=Xerxes denounced.=--See Plutarch, _Life of Themistoclês_, art.
“Sea-Fights of Artemisium and Salamis.”

Minerva on the bounding prow
Of Athens stood, and with the thunder’s voice
Denounced her terrors on their impious heads [_the Persians_].
And shook her burning ægis. Xerxes saw
From Heracle´um on the mountain’s height,
Throned in her golden ear, he knew the sign
Celestial, felt unrighteous hope forsake
His faltering heart, and turned his face with shame.
Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

=Xime´na=, daughter of Count de Gormez. The count was slain by the Cid
for insulting his father. Four times Ximēna demanded vengeance of the
king; but the king, perceiving that the Cid was in love with her,
delayed vengeance, and ultimately she married him.

=Xit=, the royal dwarf of Edward VI.

=Xury=, a Moresco boy, servant to Robinson Crusoe.--Defoe, _Adventures
of Robinson Crusoe_ (1719).

=Ya´hoo=, one of the human brutes subject to the Houyhnhnms
[_Whin.hims_], or horses possessed of human intelligence. In this tale
the horses and men change places; the horses are the chief and ruling
race, and man the subject.--Swift, _Gulliver’s Travels_ (1726).

=Yajûi and Majûj=, the Arabian form of Gog and Magog. Gog is a tribe
of Turks, and Magog of the Gilân (the Geli or Gelæ of Ptolemy and
Strabo). Al Beidâwi says they were man-eaters. Dhu´lkarnein made a
rampart of red-hot metal to keep out their incursions.

He said to the workmen, “Bring me iron in large pieces till it fill up
the space between these two mountains ... [_then_] blow with your
bellows till it make the iron red hot.” And he said further, “Bring me
molten brass that I may pour upon it.” When this wall was finished Gog
and Magog could not scale it, neither could they dig through it.--_Al
Korán_, xviii.

=Yakutsk=, in Siberia, affords an exact parallel to the story about
Carthage. Dido, having purchased in Africa as much land as could be
covered with a bull’s hide, ordered the hide to be cut into thin
slips, and thus enclosed land enough to build Byrsa upon. This Byrsa
(“bull’s hide”) was the citadel of Carthage, round which the city
grew.

So with Yakutsk. The settlers bought as much land as they could
encompass with a cow-hide, but, by cutting the hide into slips, they
encompassed enough land to build a city on.

=Yama=, a Hindû deity, represented by a man with four arms, riding on
a bull. He gave the horse to India.

Whether thou didst first spring from the firmament or from the water,
thy great birth, O horse, is to be glorified, inasmuch as thou hast
neighed, thou hast the wings of the falcon, thou hast the limbs of the
deer. Trita harnessed the horse which was given by Yama; Indra first
mounted him; Gandharba seized his reins. Vasus, you fabricated the
horse from the sun. Thou, O horse, art Yama; thou art Aditya; thou art
Trita; thou art Soma.--_The Rig Veda_, ii.

=Ya´men=, lord and potentate of Pandălon (_hell_).--_Hindû Mythology._

What worse than this hath Yamen’s hell in store?
Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, ii. (1809).

=Yar´ico=, a young Indian maiden with whom Thomas Inkle fell in love.
After living with her as his wife, he despicably sold her in Barbadoes
as a slave.

⁂ The story is told by Sir Richard Steele in _The Spectator_, 11; and
has been dramatized by George Colman under the title of _Inkle and
Yarico_ (1787).

=Yarrow= (_The Flower of_). Mary Scott was so called.

=Yathreb=, the ancient name of Medīna.

When a party of them said, “O, inhabitants of Yathreb, there is no
place of security for you here, wherefore return home;” a part of them
asked leave of the prophet to depart.--_Al Korân_, xxxiii.

=Yeardley= (_Lady_), an Englishwoman, living in the American colonies,
receives on Christmas Eve as a guest, an Indian, who brings his
four-year-old boy “to be made like English children.” The lady takes
her dark-skinned visitors to church next day, and a tumult arises that
the Indian father is a spy. A rush is made upon him, but Lady Yeardley
shields the chief, claiming him as her guest.

“They dropped, at her word, their weapons,
Half-shamed as the lady smiled,
And told them the red man’s story,
And showed them the red man’s child;
And pledged them her broad plantations,
That never would such betray
The trust that a Christian woman
Had shown on a Christmas-Day.”
Margaret Junkin Preston, _Lady Yeardley’s Guest_ (1887).

=Yellow Dwarf= (_The_), a malignant, ugly imp, who claimed the
Princess Allfair as his bride; and carried her off to Steel Castle on
his Spanish cat, the very day she was about to be married to the
beautiful king of the Gold-Mines. The king of the Gold-Mines tried to
rescue her, and was armed by a good siren with a diamond sword of
magic power, by which he made his way through every difficulty to the
princess. Delighted at seeing his betrothed, he ran to embrace her,
and dropped his sword. Yellow Dwarf, picking it up, demanded that
Gold-Mine should resign the lady, and, on his refusing to do so, slew
him with the magic sword. The princess, rushing forward to avert the
blow, fell dead on the body of her dying lover.

Yellow Dwarf was so called from his complexion and the orange tree he
lived in.... He wore wooden shoes, a coarse, yellow stuff jacket, and
had no hair to hide his large ears.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_
(“The Yellow Dwarf,” 1682).

=Yellowley= (_Mr. Triptolemus_), the factor, an experimental
agriculturist of Stourburgh or Harfra.

_Mistress Baby_ or _Barbary Yellowley_, sister and housekeeper of
Triptolemus.

_Old Jasper Yellowley_, father of Triptolemus and Barbary.--Sir W.
Scott, _The Pirate_ (time, William III.).

=Yenadiz´ze=, an idler, a gambler; also an Indian fop.

With my nets you never help me;
At the door my nets are hanging.
Go and wring them, Yenadizze.
Longfellow, _Hiawatha_, vi. (1855).

=Yendys= (_Sydney_), the _nom de plume_ of Sydney Dobell (1824-1874).

⁂ “Yendys” is merely the word _Sydney_ reversed.

=Yeru´ti=, son of Quiāra and Monnĕma. His father and mother were of
the Guarāni race, and the only ones who escaped a small-pox plague
which infested that part of Paraguay. Yerūti was born after his
parents migrated to the Mondai woods, but his father was killed by a
jagŭar just before the birth of Mooma (his sister). When grown to
youthful age a Jesuit pastor induced the three to come and live at St.
Joăchin, where was a primitive colony of some 2000 souls. Here the
mother soon died from the confinement of city life. Mooma followed her
ere long to the grave. Yeruti now requested to be baptized, and no
sooner was the rite over, than he cried, “Ye are come for me! I am
quite ready!” and instantly expired.--Southey, _A Tale of Paraguay_
(1814).

=Yezad= or =Yezdam=, called by the Greeks Oroma´zês (4 _syl._), the
principle of good in Persian mythology, opposed to Ahriman or
Arimannis, the principle of evil. Yezad created twenty-four good
spirits, and, to keep them from the power of the evil one, enclosed
them in an egg; but Ahriman pierced the shell, and hence there is no
good without some admixture of evil.

=Ygerne= [_E-gern´_], wife of Gorloïs, lord of Tintag´il Castle, in
Cornwall. King Uther tried to seduce her, but Ygerne resented the
insult; whereupon Uther and Gorloïs fought, and the latter was slain.
Uther then besieged Tintagil Castle, took it, and compelled Ygerne to
become his wife. Nine months afterwards Uther died, and on the same
day was Arthur born.

Then Uther, in his wrath and heat, besieged
Ygerne within Tintagil ... and entered in ...
Enforced she was to wed him in her tears,
And with a shameful swiftness.
Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.

=Yguerne.= (See YGERNE.)

=Yn´iol=, an earl of decayed fortune, father of Enid. He was ousted
from his earldom by his nephew, Ed´yrn (son of Nudd), called “The
Sparrow-Hawk.” When Edyrn was overthrown by Prince Geraint, in single
combat, he was compelled to restore the earldom to his uncle. He is
described in the _Mabinogion_ as “a hoary-headed man, clad in tattered
garments.”--Tennyson, _Idylls of the King_ (“Enid”).

He says to Geraint: “I lost a great earldom as well as a city and
castle, and this is how I lost them: I had a nephew, ... and when he
came to his strength he demanded of me his property, but I withheld it
from him. So he made war upon me, and wrested from me all that I
possessed,”--_Mabinogion_ (“Geraint, the Son of Erbin,” twelfth
century).

=Yoglan= (_Zacharias_), the old Jew chemist, in London.--Sir W. Scott,
_Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Yohak=, the giant guardian of the caves of Babylon.--Southey,
_Thalaba, the Destroyer_, v. (1797).

=Yone=, bewitching heroine of Edward H. House’s story, “_A Child of
Japan_” (1888).

=Yone=, diminutive of Giorgione Willoughby, a self-willed, selfish,
fascinating woman, who deliberately allures her cousin’s lover away
from her, and finds when he has married her (Yone) that she has
dazzled his fancy, not won his heart.--Harriet Prescott Spofford, _The
Amber Gods_ (1863).

=Yor´ick=, the king of Denmark’s jester; “a fellow of infinite jest,
of most excellent fancy.”--Shakespeare, _Hamlet, Prince of Denmark_
(1596).

_Yorick_ (_Mr._) is the name used by the Rev. Laurence Sterne,
1713-1768, in _A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy_ (1768)
as that of the author. In his other book, _The Life and Opinions of
Mr. Tristram Shandy_ (1759), where the _Sentimental Journey_ appears,
as it were, in embryo, Yorick is the name of one of the principal
characters, and, as Sir Walter Scott remarks, “Yorick, the lively,
witty, sensible and heedless parson is--Sterne himself.” The name was
borrowed by Sterne from the Yorick of Shakespeare’s _Hamlet_.

=York= (_Geoffrey, archbishop of_), one of the high justiciaries of
England in the absence of Richard Cœur de Lion.--Sir W. Scott, _The
Talisman_ (time Richard I.).

_York_ (_James, duke of_), introduced by Sir W. Scott, in _Woodstock_
and in _Peveril of the Peak_.

=Yorke= (_Oliver_), pseudonym of Francis Sylvester Mahony, editor of
_Fraser’s Magazine_. It is still edited under the same name.

=Yorkshire Tragedy= (_The_), author unknown (1604), was at one time
printed with the name of Shakespeare.

=Young America.= J. G. Holland says: “What we call _Young America_ is
made up of about equal parts of irreverence, conceit, and that popular
moral quality familiarly known as _brass_.”

=Young Chevalier= (_The_), Charles Edward Stuart, grandson of James
II. He was the second pretender (1720-1788).

=Young England=, a set of young aristocrats, who tried to revive the
courtly manners of the Chesterfield school. They wore white
waistcoats, patronized the pet poor, looked down upon shopkeepers, and
were imitators of the period of Louis XIV. Disraeli has immortalized
their ways and manners.

=Young Germany=, a literary school, headed by Heinrich Heine
[_Hi.ny_], whose aim was to liberate politics, religion, and manners
from the old conventional trammels.

=Young Ireland=, followers of Daniel O’Connell in politics, but wholly
opposed to his abstention from war and insurrection in vindication of
“their country’s rights.”

=Young Italy=, certain Italian refugees, who associated themselves
with the French republican party, called the _Carbonnerie
Democratique_. The society was first organized at Marseilles by
Mazzini, and its chief object was to diffuse republican principles.

=Young Roscius=, William Henry West Betty. When only 12 years old he
made £34,000 in fifty-six nights. He appeared in 1803, and very wisely
retired from the stage in 1807 (1791-1874).

=Young-and-Handsome=, a beautiful fairy, who fell in love with
Alidōrus, “the lovely shepherd.” Mordicant, an ugly fairy, also loved
him, and confined him in a dungeon. Zephyrus loved Young-and-Handsome,
but when he found no reciprocity he asked the fairy how he could best
please her. “By liberating the lovely shepherd,” she replied.
“Fairies, you know, have no power over fairies, but you, being a god,
have full power over the whole race.” Zephyrus complied with this
request, and restored Alidorus to the Castle of Flowers, when
Young-and-Handsome bestowed on him perpetual youth, and married
him.--Comtesse D’Aunoy, _Fairy Tales_ (“Young-and-Handsome,” 1682).

=Youwarkee=, the name of the gawrey that Peter Wilkins married. She
introduced the seaman to Nosmnbdsgrsutt, the land of flying men and
women.--R. Pultock, _Peter Wilkins_ (1750).

=Ysaie le Triste= [_E.say´ lĕ Treest_], son of Tristram and Ysolde
(wife of King Mark of Cornwall). The adventures of this young knight
form the subject of a French romance called _Isaie le Triste_ (1522).

I did not think it necessary to contemplate the exploits ... with the
gravity of Isaie le Triste.--Dunlop.

=Ysolde= or =Ysonde= (2 _syl._), surnamed “The Fair,” daughter of the
king of Ireland. When Sir Tristram was wounded in fighting for his
uncle, Mark, he went to Ireland, and was cured by the Fair Ysolde. On
his return to Cornwall he gave his uncle such a glowing account of the
young princess that he was sent to propose offers of marriage, and to
conduct the lady to Cornwall. The brave young knight and the fair
damsel fell in love with each other on their voyage, and, although
Ysolde married King Mark, she retained to the end her love for Sir
Tristram. King Mark, jealous of his nephew, banished him from
Cornwall, and he went to Wales, where he performed prodigies of valor.
In time his uncle invited him back to Cornwall, but, the guilty
intercourse being renewed, he was banished a second time. Sir Tristram
now wandered over Spain, Ermonie, and Brittany, winning golden
opinions by his exploits. In Brittany he married the king’s daughter,
Ysolde or Ysonde _of the White Hand_, but neither loved her nor lived
with her. The rest of the tale is differently told by different
authors. Some say he returned to Cornwall, renewed his love with
Ysolde _the Fair_, and was treacherously stabbed by his uncle Mark.
Others say he was severely wounded in Brittany, and sent for his aunt,
but died before her arrival. When Ysolde _the Fair_ heard of his
death, she died of a broken heart, and King Mark buried them both in
one grave, over which he planted a rose bush and a vine.

=Ysolde= or =Ysonde= or =Ysolt= _of the White Hand_, daughter of the
king of Brittany. Sir Tristram married her for her _name’s_ sake, but
never loved her nor lived with her, because he loved his aunt, Ysolde
_the Fair_ (the young wife of King Mark), and it was a point of
chivalry for a knight to love only one woman, whether widow, wife, or
maid.

=Yuhid´thiton=, chief of the Az´tecas, the mightiest in battle and
wisest in council. He succeeded Co´anocot´zin (5 _syl._), as king of
the tribe, and led the people from the south of the Missouri to
Mexico.--Southey, _Madoc_ (1805).

=Yvetot= [_Eve.toe_], a town in Normandy; the lord of the town was
called _le roi d’Yvetot_. The tale is that Clotaire, son of Clovis,
having slain the lord of Yvetot before the high altar of Soissons,
made atonement to the heirs by conferring on them the title of _king_.
In the sixteenth century the title was exchanged for that of _prince
souverain_, and the whole fiction was dropped not long after. Béranger
has a poem called “Le Roi d’Yvetot,” which is understood to be a
satirical fling at the great Napoleon. The following is the first
stanza:

Il était un roi d’Yvetot
Peu connu dans l’histoire;
Se levant tard, se couchant tôt,
Dormant, fort bien sans gloire,
Et couronné par Jeanneton
D’un simple bonnet de coton.
Dit on:
Oh! oh! oh! oh! Ah! ah! ah! ah!
Quel bon petit roi c’etait; là! là! là!
Béranger.

It was a King of Yvetot
Whom few historians name;
A sleeper sound, a waker slow,
No dreams had he of fame.
By Betty’s hand with nightcap crown’d,
He snored in state the whole clock round
Profound.
Ha! ha! ha! ha! Ho! ho! ho! ho!
A Kingdom match for Yvetot!
Ho! ho!

=Ywaine and Gawin=, the English version of “Owain and the Lady of the
Fountain.” The English version was taken from the French of Chrestien
de Troyes (twelfth century), and was published by Ritson. The Welsh
tale is in the _Mabinogion_. There is also a German version by Hartman
von der Aue, a minnesinger (beginning of thirteenth century). There
are also Bavarian and Danish versions.

=Zabarell=, a learned Italian commentator on works connected with the
Aristotelian system of philosophy (1523-1589).

And still I held converse with Zabarell ...
Stufft noting-books; and still my spaniel slept.
At length he waked and yawned; and by yon sky
For aught I know, he knew as much as I.
Marston (died 1634).

=Zabidius=, the name in Martial for which “Dr. Fell” was substituted
by Tom Brown, when sent by the dean of Christ Church to translate the
lines;

Non amo te, Zabidi, nec possum dicere quare,
Hoc tantum possum dicere, non amo te.

I love thee not, Zabidius--
Yet cannot tell thee why;
But this I may most truly say,
I love thee not, not I.

Imitated thus:

I do not like thee, Dr. Fell--
The reason why, I cannot tell;
But this I know, and know full well,
I do not like thee, Dr. Fell.
Tom Brown (author of _Dialogues of the Dead_).

=Zab´ulon=, a Jew, the servant of Hippolyta, a rich lady wantonly in
love with Arnoldo. Arnoldo is contracted to the chaste Zeno´cia, who,
in turn, is basely pursued by the governor, Count Clo´dio.--Beaumont
and Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).

=Zab´ulus=, same as Diabolus.

Gay sport have we had to-night with Zabulus.
Lord Lytton, _Harold_, viii. (1850).

=Zaccoc´ia=, king of Mozambique, who received Vasco da Gama and his
crew with great hospitality, believing them to be Mahommedans; but
when he ascertained that they were Christians he tried to destroy
them.--Camoens, _Lusiad_, i., ii. (1569).

=Zacharia=, one of the three anabaptists who induced John of Leyden to
join the revolt of Westphalia and Holland. On the arrival of the
emperor, the anabaptists betrayed their dupe but perished with him in
the flames of the burning palace.--Meyerbeer, _Le Prophète_ (1849).

=Zadig=, the hero and title of a novel by Voltaire. Zadig is a wealthy
young Babylonian, and the object of the novel is to show that the
events of life are beyond human control.

=Zad´kiel= (3 _syl._), angel of the planet Jupiter.--_Jewish
Mythology._

_Zadkiel_, the pseudonym of Lieutenant Richard James Morrison, author
of _Prophetic Almanac_, _Handbook of Astrology_, etc.

=Zadoc=, in Dryden’s satire of _Absalom and Achitophel_, is Sancroft,
archbishop of Canterbury.

Zadoc, the priest whom, shunning power and place,
His lowly mind advanced to David’s grace.
Pt. i. (1681).

=Zadoc Pine=, man who makes a good living by attending to his own
business and disregarding the admonitions of “Trades Unions” and
officious wiseacres. “Man must earn his bread in the sweat of his
brow; but some men sweat inside o’ their heads, an’ some outside. I’m
workin’ my brain.”--H. C. Bunner, _Zadoc Pine_ (1891).

=Zaïde= (2 _syl._), a young slave who pretends to have been
ill-treated by Adraste (2 _syl._), and runs to Don Pèdre for
protection. Don Pèdre sends her into the house while he expostulates
with Adraste “for his brutality.” Now, Adraste is in love with
Isidore, a Greek slave kept by Don Pèdre, and when Zaïde is called
forth, Isidore appears, dressed in Zaïde’s clothes. “There,” says Don
Pèdre, “take her home and use her well.” “I will,” says Adraste, and
leads off Isidore.--Molière, _Le Sicilien_ ou _L’Amour Peintre_
(1667).

=Zaira=, the mother of Eva Wentworth. She is a brilliant Italian,
courted by de Courcy. When deceived by him she meditates suicide, but
forbears, and sees Eva die tranquilly, and the faithless de Courcy
perish of remorse.--Rev. C. R. Maturin, _Women_ (a novel, 1822).

=Zambullo= (_Don Cleophas Leandro Perez_), the person carried through
the air by Asmodēus to the steeple of St. Salvādor, and shown, in a
moment of time, the interior of every private dwelling
around.--Lesage, _The Devil on Two Sticks_ (1707).

Cleaving the air at a greater rate than Don Cleophas Leandro Perez
Zambullo and his familiar.--C. Dickens, _The Old Curiosity Shop_
(1840).

=Zam´ora=, youngest of the three daughters of Balthazar. She is in
love with Rolando, a young soldier, who fancies himself a woman-hater,
and, in order to win him she dresses in boy’s clothes and becomes his
page, under the name of Eugenio. In this character Zamōra wins the
heart of the young soldier by her fidelity, tenderness and affection.
When the proper moment arrives she assumes her female attire, and
Rolando, declaring she is no woman, but an angel, marries her.--J.
Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).

=Zamti=, the Chinese mandarin. His wife was Mandănê, and his son
Hamet. The emperor of China, when he was about to be put to death by
Ti´murkan´, the Tartar, committed to Zamti’s charge his infant son,
Zaphimri, and Zamti brought up this “orphan of China” as his own son,
under the name of Etan. Twenty years afterwards Zamti was put to the
rack by Timurkan, and died soon afterwards.--Murphy, _The Orphan of
China_ (1761).

=Zanga=, the revengeful Moor, the servant of Don Alonzo. The Moor
hates Alonzo for two reasons: (1) because he killed his father, and
(2) because he struck him on the cheek; and, although Alonzo has used
every endeavor to conciliate Zanga, the revengeful Moor nurses his
hate and keeps it warm. The revenge he wreaks is: (1) to poison the
friendship which existed between Alonzo and Don Carlos by accusations
against the don, and (2) to embitter the love of Alonzo for Leonora,
his wife. Alonzo, out of jealousy, has his friend killed, and Leonora
makes away with herself. Having thus lost his best beloved, Zanga
tells his dupe he has been imposed upon, and Alonzo, mad with grief,
stabs himself. Zanga, content with the mischief he has done, is taken
away to execution.--Edward Young, _The Revenge_ (1721).

⁂ “Zanga” was the great character of Henry Mossop (1729-1773). It was
also a favorite part with J. Kemble (1757-1823).

=Zanoné=, Jepththa’s daughter, doomed by her father’s rash vow, to
perpetual celibacy.--Margaret J. Preston, _Old Song and New_ (1870).

=Zano´ni=, hero and title of a novel by Lord Bulwer Lytton. Zanoni is
supposed to possess the power of communicating with spirits,
prolonging life, and producing gold, silver, and precious stones
(1842).

=Zany of Debate.= George Canning was so called by Charles Lamb in a
sonnet printed in _The Champion_ newspaper. Posterity has not endorsed
the judgment or wit of this ill-natured satire (1770-1827).

=Zaphimri=, the “orphan of China,” brought up by Zamti, under the name
of Etan.

Ere yet the foe burst in,
“Zamti,” said he, “preserve my cradled infant;
Save him from ruffians; train his youth to virtue....”
He could no more; the cruel spoiler seized him,
And dragged my king, from yonder altar dragged him,
Here on the blood-stained pavement; while the queen
And her dear fondlings, in one mangled heap,
Died in each other’s arms.
Murphy, _The Orphan of China_, iii. 1 (1761).

=Zaphna=, son of Alcānor, chief of Mecca. He and his sister, Palmira,
being taken captives in infancy, were brought up by Mahomet, and
Zaphna, not knowing Palmira was his sister, fell in love with her, and
was in turn beloved. When Mahomet laid siege to Mecca, he employed
Zaphna to assassinate Alcanor, and when he had committed the deed
discovered that it was his own father he had killed. Zaphna would have
revenged the deed on Mahomet, but died of poison.--James Miller,
_Mahomet the Impostor_ (1740).

=Zara=, an African queen, widow of Al-buca´cim, and taken captive by
Manuel, king of Grana´da, who fell in love with her. Zara, however,
was intensely in love with Osmyn (_alias_ Prince Alphonso of
Valentia), also a captive. Alphonso, being privately married to
Alme´ria, could not return her love. She designs to liberate Osmyn;
but, seeing a dead body in the prison, fancies it to be that of Osmyn,
and kills herself by poison.--W. Congreve, _The Mourning Bride_
(1697).

⁂ “Zara” was one of the great characters of Mrs. Siddons (1755-1831).

_Zara_ (in French _Zaïre_), the heroine and title of a tragedy by
Voltaire (1733), adapted for the English stage by Aaron Hill (1735).
Zara is the daughter of Lusignan d’Outremer (king of Jerusalem) and
sister of Nerestan. Twenty years ago Lusignan and his two children had
been taken captives. Nerestan was four years old at the time; and
Zara, a mere infant, was brought up in the seraglio. Osman the sultan
fell in love with her, and promised to make her his sultana; and as
Zara loved him for himself, her happiness seemed complete. Nerestan,
having been sent to France to obtain ransoms, returned at this crisis,
and Osman fancied that he observed a familiarity between Zara and
Nerestan, which roused his suspicions. Several things occurred to
confirm them, and at last a letter was intercepted, appointing a
rendezvous between them in a “secret passage” of the seraglio. Osman
met Zara in the passage, and stabbed her to the heart. Nerestan was
soon seized, and being brought before the sultan, told him he had
slain his sister, and the sole object of his interview was to inform
her of her father’s death, and to bring her his dying blessing. Osman
now saw his error, commanded all the Christian captives to be set at
liberty, and stabbed himself.

=Zaramilla=, wife of Tinacrio, king of Micomicon, in Egypt. He was
told that his daughter would succeed him, that she would be dethroned
by the giant Pandafilando, but that she would find in Spain the
gallant knight of La Mancha, who would redress her wrongs, and restore
her to her throne.--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, I. iv. 3 (1605).

=Zaraph=, the angel who loved Nama. It was Nama’s desire to love
intensely and to love holily, but as she fixed her love on an angel
and not on God, she was doomed to abide on earth till the day of
consummation; then both Nama and Zaraph will be received in the realms
of everlasting love.--T. Moore, _Loves of the Angels_ (1822).

=Zauberflöte= (_Die_), a magic flute, which had the power of inspiring
love. When bestowed by the powers of darkness, the love it inspired
was sensual love; but when by the powers of light, it became
subservient to the very highest and holiest purposes. It guided
Tami´no and Pami´na through all worldly dangers to the knowledge of
divine truth (or the mysteries of Isis).--Mozart, _Die Zauberflöte_
(1791).

=Zayde=, the chief character in a French romance by Mde. Lafayette
(seventeenth century).

=Zeal= (_Arabella_), in Shadwell’s comedy _The Fair Quaker of Deal_
(1617).

This comedy was altered by E. Thompson in 1720.

=Zedekiah=, one of General Harrison’s servants.--Sir W. Scott,
_Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).