Chapter VII: Part 7

WILD (_Jonathan_), a cool, calculating, heartless villain, with the
voice of a Stentor. He was born at Wolverhampton, in Staffordshire,
and, like Sheppard, was the son of a carpenter. Unlike Sheppard, this
cold-blooded villain was universally execrated. He was hanged at
Tyburn (1682-1725).

⁂ Defoe made _Jonathan Wild_ the hero of a romance in 1725; Fielding
in 1744.

=Thirlmore= (_Rev. and Col._), ambitious, able man, first a popular,
sensational preacher, then, as the bubble breaks, a farmer and
stock-raiser, lastly an officer in the U. S. Army, during the Civil
War. In the varied experiences of the latter career, the selfishness
which has marred his character sloughs off, and the _man_
appears.--William M. Baker, _His Majesty, Myself_ (1879) and _The
Making of a Man_ (1881).

=Third Founder of Rome= (_The_), Caius Marius. He was so called,
because he overthrew the multitudinous hordes of Cambrians and
Teutons, who came to lick up the Romans as the oxen of the field lick
up grass (B.C. 102).

⁂ The first founder was Romulus, and the second Camillus.

=Thirsil and Thelgon=, two gentle swains who were kinsmen. Thelgon
exhorts Thirsil to wake his “too long sleeping Muse;” and Thirsil,
having collected the nymphs and shepherds around him, sang to them the
song of _The Purple Island_.--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple Island_,
i., ii. (1633).

=Thirsty= (_The_), Colman Itadach, surnamed “The Thirsty,” was a monk
of the rule of St. Patrick. Itadach, in strict observance of the
Patrician rule, refused to quench his thirst even in the
harvest-field, and died in consequence.

=Thirteen Precious Things of Britain.=

1. DYRNWYN (the sword of Rhydderch Hael). If any man except Hael drew
this blade, it burst into a flame from point to hilt.

2. THE BASKET OF GWYDDNO GARANHIR. If food for one man were put
therein, it multiplied till it sufficed for a hundred.

3. THE HORN OF BRAN GALED, in which was always found the very beverage
that each drinker most desired.

4. THE PLATTER OF RHEGYNYDD YSGOLHAIG, which always contained the very
food that the eater most liked.

5. THE CHARIOT OF MORGAN MWYNVAWR. Whoever sat therein was transported
instantaneously to the place he wished to go to.

9. THE HALTER OF CLYDNO EIDDYN. Whatever horse he wished for was
always found therein. It hung on a staple at the foot of his bed.

7. THE KNIFE OF LLAWFRODDED FARCHAWG, which would serve twenty-four
men simultaneously at any meal.

8. THE CALDRON OF TYRNOG. If meat were put in for a brave man, it was
cooked instantaneously, but meat for a coward would never get boiled
therein.

9. THE WHETSTONE OF TUDWAL TUDCLUD. If the sword of a brave man were
sharpened thereon, its cut was certain death; but if of a coward, the
cut was harmless.

10. THE ROBE OF PADARN BEISRUDD, which fitted every one of gentle
birth, but no churl could wear it.

11. THE MANTLE OF TEGAU EURVRON, which only fitted ladies whose
conduct was irreproachable.

12. THE MANTLE OF KING ARTHUR, which could be worn or used as a
carpet, and whoever wore it or stood on it was invisible. This mantle
or carpet was called Gwenn.

⁂ The ring of Luned rendered the wearer invisible so long as the stone
of it was concealed.

13. THE CHESSBOARD OF GWENDDOLEN. When the men were placed upon it,
they played of themselves. The board was of gold, and the men
silver.--_Welsh Romance._

=Thirteen Unlucky.= It is said that it is unlucky for thirteen persons
to sit down to dinner at the same table, because one of the number
will die before the year is out. This silly superstition is based on
the “Last Supper,” when Christ and His twelve disciples sat at meat
together. Jesus was crucified; and Judas Iscariot hanged himself.

=Thirty= (_The_). So the Spartan senate established by Lycurgos was
called.

Similarly, the Venetian senate was called “The Forty.”

=Thirty Tyrants= (_The_). So the governors, appointed by Lysander, the
Spartan, over Athens, were called (B.C. 404). They continued in power
only eight months, when Thrasybūlos deposed them and restored the
republic.

“The Thirty” put more people to death in eight months of peace, than
the enemy had done in a war of thirty years.--Xenophon.

=Thirty Tyrants of Rome= (_The_), a fanciful name, applied by
Trebellius Pollio, to a set of adventurers who tried to make
themselves masters of Rome at sundry times between A.D. 260 and 267.

The number was not thirty, and the analogy between them and “The
Thirty Tyrants of Athens” is scarcely perceptible.

=Thirty Years’ War= (_The_), a series of wars between the Protestants
and Catholics of Germany, terminated by the “Peace of Westphalia.” The
war arose thus: The emperor of Austria interfered in the struggle
between the Protestants and Catholics, by depriving the Protestants of
Bohemia of their religious privileges; in consequence of which the
Protestants flew to arms. After the contest had been going on for some
years, Richelieu joined the Protestants (1635), not from any love of
their cause, but solely to humiliate Austria and Spain (1618-1648).

The Peloponnesian war between Athens and Sparta is called “The Thirty
Years’ War”.

=Thisbe= (2 _syl._), a beautiful Babylonian maid, beloved by Pyrămus,
her next-door neighbor. As their parents forbade their marriage, they
contrived to hold intercourse with each other through a chink in the
garden wall. Once they agreed to meet at the tomb of Ninus. Thisbê was
first at the trysting-place, but, being scared by a lion, took to
flight, and accidentally dropped her robe, which the lion tore and
stained with blood. Pyramus, seeing the blood-stained robe, thought
that the lion had eaten Thisbê, and so killed himself. When Thisbê
returned and saw her lover dead, she killed herself also. Shakespeare
has burlesqued this pretty tale in his _Midsummer Night’s Dream_
(1592).

=Thom´alin=, a shepherd who laughed to scorn the notion of love, but
was ultimately entangled in its wiles. He tells Willy that one day,
hearing a rustling in a bush, he discharged an arrow, when up flew
Cupid into a tree. A battle ensued between them, and when the
shepherd, having spent all his arrows, ran away, Cupid shot him in the
heel. Thomalin did not much heed the wound at first, but soon it
festered inwardly and rankled daily more and more.--Spenser,
_Shepheardes Calendar_, iii. (1579).

Thomalin is again introduced in Ecl. vii., when he inveighs against
the Catholic priests in general, and the shepherd Palinode (3 _syl._)
in particular. This eclogue could not have been written before 1578,
as it refers to the sequestration of Grindal, archbishop of Canterbury
in that year.

=Thomas= (_Monsieur_), the fellow-traveller of Val´entine. Valentine’s
niece, Mary, is in love with him.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _Mons.
Thomas_ (1619).

_Thomas_ (_Sir_), a dogmatical, prating, self-sufficient squire, whose
judgments are but “justices’ justice.”--Crabbe, _Borough_, x. (1810).

=Thomas à Kempis=, the pseudonym of Jean Charlier de Gerson
(1363-1429). Some say, of Thomas Hämmerlein Maleŏlus (1380-1471).

=Thomas the Rhymer= or “Thomas of Erceldoun,” an ancient Scottish
bard. His name was Thomas Learmont, and he lived in the days of
Wallace (thirteenth century).

⁂ Thomas the Rhymer, and Thomas Rymer were totally different persons.
The latter was an historiographer, who compiled _The Fœdera_
(1638-1713).

=Thomas= (_Winifred_), beautiful coquette, who wins Henry Vane’s heart
only to trifle with it, in Frederic Jesup Stimson’s novel, _The Crime
of Henry Vane_ (1884).

=Thopas= (_Sir_), a native of Poperyng, in Flanders; a capital
sportsman, archer, wrestler, and runner. Sir Thopas resolved to marry
no one but an “elf queen,” and accordingly started for Faëryland. On
his way he met the three-headed giant, Olifaunt, who challenged him to
single combat. Sir Thopas asked permission to go for his armor, and
promised to meet the giant next day. Here mine host broke in with the
exclamation, “Intolerable stuff!” and the story was left
unfinished.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ (“The Rime of Sir Thopas,”
1388).

=Thor=, eldest son of Odin and Frigga; strongest and bravest of the
gods. He launched the thunder, presided over the air and the seasons,
and protected man from lightning and evil spirits.

His wife was Sif (“love”).

His chariot was drawn by two he-goats.

His mace or hammer was called Mjolner.

His belt was Megingjard. Whenever he put it on his strength was
doubled.

His palace was Thrudvangr. It contained 540 halls.

Thursday is Thor’s day.--_Scandinavian Mythology._

The word means “Refuge from terror.”

=Thoresby= (_Broad_), one of the troopers under Fitzurse.--Sir W.
Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).

=Thorn´berry= (_Job_), a brazier in Penzance. He was a blunt but kind
man, strictly honest, most charitable, and doting on his daughter,
Mary. Job Thornberry is called “John Bull,” and is meant to be a type
of a genuine English tradesman, unsophisticated by cant and foreign
manners. He failed in business “through the treachery of a friend;”
but Peregrine, to whom he had lent ten guineas, returning from
Calcutta after the absence of thirty years, gave him £10,000, which he
said his loan had grown to by honest trade.

_Mary Thornberry_, his daughter, in love with Frank Rochdale, son and
heir of Sir Simon Rochdale, whom ultimately she married.--G. Colman,
Jr., _John Bull_ (1805).

=Thorne= (_Esmerald_), physician who is killed instantly by a runaway
horse, and, without suspecting that his spirit has left his body,
seeks first one friend, then another, remaining viewless to all.
Condemned to work his way from a lower to a higher plane, he rebels
against the natural law of sowing and reaping, until led by the spirit
of his own little child to repentance and sanctification.

_Thorne_ (_Helen_), patient wife and sorrowing widow of
Esmerald.--Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward, _The Gates Between_ (1887).

=Thornhaugh= (_Colonel_), an officer in Cromwell’s army.--Sir W.
Scott, _Woodstock_ (time, Commonwealth).

=Thornhill= (_Sir William_), _alias_ Mr. Burchell, about 30 years of
age. Most generous and most whimsical, most benevolent and most
sensitive. Sir William was the landlord of Dr. Primrose, the vicar of
Wakefield. After travelling through Europe on foot, he had returned
and lived _incognito_. In the garb and aspect of a pauper, Mr.
Burchell is introduced to the vicar of Wakefield. Twice he rescued his
daughter, Sophia--once when she was thrown from her horse into a deep
stream, and once when she was abducted by Squire Thornhill. Ultimately
he married her.--Goldsmith, _The Vicar of Wakefield_ (1766).

_Thornhill_ (_Squire_), nephew of Sir William Thornhill. He enjoyed
a large fortune, but was entirely dependent on his uncle. He was a
sad libertine, who abducted both the daughters of Dr. Primrose, and
cast the old vicar into jail for rent after the entire loss of his
house, money, furniture, and books by fire. Squire Thornhill tried
to impose upon Olivia Primrose by a false marriage, but was caught
in his own trap, for the marriage proved to be legal in every
respect.--Goldsmith, _The Vicar of Wakefield_ (1766).

This worthy citizen abused the aristocracy much on the same principle
as the fair Olivia depreciated Squire Thornhill:--he had a sneaking
affection for what he abused.--Lord Lytton.

=Thornton= (_Captain_), an English officer.--Sir W. Scott, _Rob Roy_
(time George I.).

_Thornton_ (_Cyril_), the hero and title of a novel of military
adventure, by Captain Thomas Hamilton (1827).

=Thorough Doctor= (_The_). William Varro was called _Doctor Fundātus_
(thirteenth century).

=Thoughtful= (_Father_), Nicholas Cat´inet, a marshal of France. So
called by his soldiers for his cautious and thoughtful policy
(1637-1712).

=Thoughtless= (_Miss Betty_), a virtuous, sensible, and amiable young
lady, utterly regardless of the conventionalities of society, and
wholly ignorant of etiquette. She is consequently forever involved in
petty scrapes most mortifying to her sensitive mind. Even her lover is
alarmed at her _gaucherie_, and deliberates whether such a partner for
life is desirable.--Mrs. Heywood, _Miss Betty Thoughtless_
(1687-1758).

(Mrs. Heywood’s novel evidently suggested the _Evelina_ of Miss
Burney, 1778.)

=Thoulouse= (_Raymond, count of_), one of the crusading princes.--Sir
W. Scott _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Rufus).

=Thrame= (_Janet_), fiend-possessed serving maid, who, when she went
abroad led by her possessor and master, left her body hung upon a nail
in her room.--R. L. Stevenson, _Thrame Janet_.

=Thraso=, a bragging, swaggering captain, the Roman Bobadil
(_q.v._).--Terence, _The Eunuch_.

_Thraso_, duke of Mar, one of the allies of Charlemagne.--Ariosto,
_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).

=Three a Divine Number.= Pythagoras calls three the perfect number,
expressive of “beginning, middle, and end,” and he makes it a symbol
of deity.

AMERICAN INDIANS: Otkon (_creator_), Messou (_providence_) Atahuata
(_the Logos_).

(Called _Otkon_ by the Iroquois, and _Otkee_ by the Virginians).

ARMORICA. The korrigans or fays of Armorica are three times three.

BRAHMINS: Brahma, Vishnu, Siva.

BUDDHISTS: Buddha, Annan Sonsja, Rosia Sonsja.

(These are the three idols seen in Buddhist temples; Buddha stands in
the middle.)

CHRISTIANS: The Father, the Son (_the Logos_), the Holy Ghost.

When, in creation, the earth was without form and void, “the Spirit
moved over the face,” and put it into order.

EGYPTIANS (_Ancient_). Almost every district had its own triad, but
the most general were Osiris, Isis, Horus; Eicton, Cneph (_creator_),
Phtha.

ETRUSCANS. Their college consisted of three times three gods.

Lars Porsĕna of Clusium,
By the nine gods he swore
That the great house of Tarquin
Should suffer wrong no more.
Lord Macaulay, _Lays of Ancient Rome_ (“Horatius,” 1842).

KAMTSCHADALES: Koutkhou (_creator of heaven_), Kouhttigith, his sister
(_creator of earth_), Outleigin (_creator of ocean_).

PARSEES: Ahura (_the creator_), Vohu Mano (“entity”), Akem Mano
(“nonentity”).

PERSIANS: Oromasdês or Oromāzês (_the good principle_), Arimanês (_the
evil principle_), Mithras (_fecundity_).

Others give Zervanê (_god the father_), and omit Mithras from the
trinity.

PERUVIANS (_Ancient_): Pachama (_goddess mother_), Virakotcha (=
_Jupiter_), Mamakotcha (=_Neptune_). They called their Trinity
“Tangatanga” (_i.e._, “three in one”).

PHŒNICIANS: Kolpia (_the Logos_), Baaut (“darkness”), Mot
(“matter”).

ROMANS (_Ancient_): Jupiter (_god of heaven_), Neptune (_god of earth
and sea_), Pluto (_god of Hades, the under-world_).

(Their whole college of gods consisted of four times three deities.)

SCANDINAVIANS: Odin (“life”), Hænir (“motion”), Loda (“matter”).

TAHITIANS: Taroataihetoomoo (_chief deity_), Tepapa (_the fecund
principle_), Tettoomatataya (_their offspring_).

Lao-Tseu, the Chinese philosopher, says the divine trinity is: Ki, Hi,
Ouei.

Orpheus says it is: Phanês (_light_), Urănos (_heaven_), Kronos
(_time_).

Plato says it is: Tô Agăthon (_goodness_), Nous (_intelligence_),
Psuchê (_the mundane soul_).

Pythagoras says it is: Monad (_the unit_ or _oneness_), Nous, Psuchê.

Vossius says it is: Jupiter (_divine power_), Minerva (_the Logos_),
Juno (_divine progenitiveness_).

_Subordinate._ The orders of ANGELS are three times three, viz.: (1)
Seraphim, (2) Cherubim, (3) Thrones, (4) Dominions, (5) Virtues, (6)
Powers, (7) Principalities, (8) Archangels, (9) Angels.--Dionysius,
the Areopăgite.

In heaven above
The effulgent bands in triple circles move.
Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, xi. 13 (1575).

The CITIES OF REFUGE were three on each side the Jordan.

The FATES are three: Clotho (with her distaff, presides at birth),
Lachĕsis (spins the thread of life), Atrŏpos (cuts the thread).

The FURIES are three: Tisiponê, Alecto, Megæra.

The GRACES are three: Euphros´ynê (_cheerfulness of mind_), Aglaia
(_mirth_), Thalīa (_good-tempered jest_).

The JUDGES OF HADES are three: Minos (_the chief baron_), Æacus (_the
judge of Europeans_), Rhadamanthus (_the judge of Asiatics and
Africans_).

The MUSES are three times three.

Jupiter’s thunder is three-forked (_trifĭdun_); Neptune’s trident has
three prongs; Pluto’s dog, Cerbĕrus, has three heads. The rivers of
hell are three times three, and Styx flows round it thrice three
times.

In Scandinavian mythology there are three times three earths; three
times three worlds in Niflheim; three times three regions under the
dominion of Hel.

According to a mediæval tradition, the heavens are three times three.,
viz., the Moon, Venus, Mercury, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, the
fixed stars and the primum mobĭlê.

SYMBOLIC. (1) In the tabernacle and Jewish Temple.

The _Temple_ consisted of three parts: the porch, the Temple proper
and the holy of holies. It had three courts: the court of the priests,
the court of the people and the court of foreigners. The innermost
court had three rows, and three windows in each row (_1 Kings_ vi. 36;
vii. 4).

Similarly, Ezekiel’s city had three gates on each side (_Ezek._
xlviii. 31). Cyrus left direction for the rebuilding of the Temple; it
was to be three score cubits in height, and three score cubits wide,
and three rows of great stones were to be set up (_Ezra_ vi. 3, 4). In
like manner, the “New Jerusalem” is to have four times three
foundations: (1) jasper, (2) sapphire, (3) chalcedony, (4) emerald,
(5) sardonyx, (6) sardius, (7) chrysolyte, (8) beryl, (9) topaz, (10)
chrysoprase, (11) jacinth, (12) amethyst. It is to have three gates
fronting each cardinal quarter (_Rev._ xxi. 13-20).

(2) In the _Temple Furniture_: The golden candlestick had three
branches on each side (_Exod._ xxv. 32); there were three bowls (ver.
33); the height of the altar was three cubits (_Exod._ xxvii. 1);
there were three pillars for the hangings (ver. 14); Solomon’s molten
sea was supported on oxen, three facing each cardinal point (_1 Kings_
vii. 25).

(3) _Sacrifices and Offerings_: A meat offering consisted of
three-tenth deals of fine flour (_Lev._ xiv. 10); Hannah offered up
three bullocks when Samuel was devoted to the temple (_1 Sam._ i. 24);
three sorts of beasts--bullocks, rams, and lambs--were appointed for
offerings (_Numb._ xxix.); the Jews were commanded to keep three
national feasts yearly (_Exod._. xxiii. 14-17); in all criminal
charges three witnesses were required (_Deut._ xvii. 6).

MISCELLANEOUS THREES. Joshua sent three men from each tribe to survey
the land of Canaan (_Josh._ xvii. 4). Moses had done the same at the
express command of God (_Numb._ xiii.). Job had three friends (_Job_
ii. 11). Abraham was accosted by three men (angels), with whom he
pleaded to spare the cities of the plain (_Gen._ xviii. 2).
Nebuchadnezzar cast three men into the fiery furnace (_Dan._ iii. 24).
David had three mighty men of valor, and one of them slew 300 of the
Philistines with his spear (_2 Sam._ xxiii. 9, 18). Nebuchadnezzar’s
image was three score cubits high (_Dan._ iii. 1). Moses was hidden
three months from the Egyptian police (_Exod._ ii. 2). The ark of the
covenant was three months in the house of Obededom (_2 Sam._ vi. 11).
Balaam smote his ass three times before the beast upbraided him
(_Numb._ xxii. 28). Samson mocked Delilah three times (_Judges_ xvi.
15). Elijah stretched himself three times on the child which he
restored to life (_1 Kings_ xvii. 21). The little horn plucked up
three horns by the roots (_Dan._ vii. 8). The bear seen by Daniel in
his vision, had three ribs in its mouth (ver. 5). Joab slew Absalom
with three darts (_2 Sam._ xviii. 14). God gave David the choice of
three chastisements (_2 Sam._ xxiv. 12). The great famine in David’s
reign lasted three years (_2 Sam._ xxi. 1); so did the great drought
in Ahab’s reign (_Luke_ iv. 25). There were three men transfigured on
the mount, and three spectators (_Matt._ xvii. 1-4). The sheet was let
down to Peter three times (_Acts_ x. 16). There are three Christian
graces: Faith, hope, and charity (_1 Cor._ xiii. 13). There are three
that bear record in heaven, and three that bear witness on earth (_1
John_ v. 7, 8). There were three unclean spirits that came out of the
mouth of the dragon (_Rev._ xvi. 13).

So again. Every ninth wave is said to be the largest.

[_They_] watched the great sea fall,
Wave after wave, each mightier than the last;
Till last, a ninth one, gathering half the deep
And full of voices, slowly rose and plunged,
Roaring, and all the wave was in a flame.
Tennyson, _The Holy Grail_ (1858-59).

A wonder is said to last three times three days. The scourge used for
criminals is a “cat o’ nine tails.” Possession is nine points of the
law, being equal to (1) money to make good a claim, (2) patience to
carry a suit through, (3) a good cause, (4) a good lawyer, (5) a good
counsel, (6) good witnesses, (7) a good jury, (8) a good judge, (9)
good luck. Leases used to be granted for 999 years. Ordeals by fire
consisted of three times three red-hot ploughshares.

There are three times three crowns recognized in heraldry, and three
times three marks of cadency.

We show honor by a three times three in drinking a health.

The worthies are three Jews, three pagans, and three Christians: viz.,
Joshua, David, and Judas Maccabæus; Hector, Alexander, and Julius
Cæsar; Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of Bouillon. The worthies of
London are three times three also: (1) Sir William Walworth, (2) Sir
Henry Pritchard, (3) Sir William Sevenoke, (4) Sir Thomas White, (5)
Sir John Bonham, (6) Christopher Croker, (7) Sir John Hawkwood, (8)
Sir Hugh Caverley, (9) Sir Henry Maleverer (Richard Johnson, _The Nine
Worthies of London_).

⁂ Those who take any interest in this subject can easily multiply the
examples here set down to a much greater number. (See below, the
_Welsh Triads_.)

=Three Ardent Lovers of Britain= (_The_): (1) Caswallawn, son of Beli,
the ardent lover of Flur, daughter of Mugnach Gorr; (2) Tristan or
Tristram, son of Talluch, the ardent lover of Yseult, wife of March
Meirchawn, his uncle, generally called King Mark of Cornwall; (3)
Kynon, son of Clydno Eiddin, the ardent lover of Morvyth, daughter of
Urien of Rheged.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Battle Knights= (_The_), in the court of King Arthur: (1)
Cadwr, earl of Cornwall; (2) Launcelot du Lac; (3) Owain, son of
Urien, prince of Rheged, _i.e._, Cumberland and some of the adjacent
lands. These three would never retreat from battle, neither for spear,
nor sword, nor arrow; and Arthur knew no shame in fight when they were
present.--_Welsh Triads_.

=Three Beautiful Women= (_The_), of the court of King Arthur: (1)
Gwenhwyvar or Guenever, wife of King Arthur; (2) Enid, who dressed in
“azure robes,” wife of Geraint; (3) Tegau or Tegau Euron.--_Welsh
Triads._

=Three Blessed Rulers= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Bran or
Vran, son of Llyr, and father of Caradawc (_Caractacus_). He was
called “The Blessed,” because he introduced Christianity into the
nation of the Cymry from Rome; he learnt it during his seven years’
detention in that city with his son. (2) Lleurig ab Coel ab Cyllyn
Sant, surnamed “The Great Light.” He built the cathedral of Llandaff,
the first sanctuary in Britain. (3) Cadwaladyr, who gave refuge to all
believers driven out by the Saxons from England.--_Welsh Triads_,
xxxv.

=Three Calenders= (_The_), three sons of three kings, who assumed the
disguise of begging dervises. They had each lost one eye. The three
met in the house of Zobeidê, and told their respective tales in the
presence of Haroun-al-Raschid, also in disguise. (See
CALENDERS.)--_Arabian Nights_ (“The Three Calenders”).

=Three Chief Ladies= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Branwen,
daughter of King Llyr, “the fairest damsel in the world;” (2)
Gwenhwyvar or Guenever, wife of King Arthur; (3) Æthelflæd, the wife
of Ethelred.

=Three Closures= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) The head of
Vran, son of Llyr, surnamed “The Blessed,” which was buried under the
White Tower of London, and so long as it remained there, no invader
would enter the island. (2) The bones of Vortimer, surnamed “The
Blessed,” buried in the chief harbor of the island; so long as they
remained there, no hostile ship would approach the coast. (3) The
dragons buried by Lludd, son of Beli, in the city of Pharaon, in the
Snowdon rocks. (See THREE FATAL DISCLOSURES.)--_Welsh Triads_, liii.

=Three Counselling Knights= (_The_) of the court of King Arthur: (1)
Kynon or Cynon, son of Clydno Eiddin; (2) Aron, son of Kynfarch ab
Meirchion Gul; (3) Llywarch Hên, son of Elidir Lydanwyn. So long as
Arthur followed the advice of these three, his success was invariable,
but when he neglected to follow their counsel, his defeat was
sure.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Diademed Chiefs= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) Kai, son
of Kyner, the steward of King Arthur. He could transform himself into
any shape he pleased. Always ready to fight, and always worsted. Half
knight and half buffoon. (2) Trystan mab Tallwch, one of Arthur’s
three heralds, and one whom nothing could divert from his purpose; he
is generally called Sir Tristram. (3) Gwevyl mab Gwestad, the
melancholy. “When sad, he would let one of his lips drop below his
waist, while the other turned up like a cap upon his head.”--_The
Mabinogion_, 227.

=Three Disloyal Tribes= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) The
tribe of Goronwy Pebyr, which refused to stand substitute for their
lord, Llew Llaw Gyffes, when a poisoned dart was shot at him by Llech
Goronwy; (2) the tribe of Gwrgi, which deserted their lord in Caer
Greu, when he met Eda Glinmawr in battle (both were slain); (3) the
tribe of Alan Vyrgan, which slunk away from their lord on his journey
to Camlan, where he was slain.--_Welsh Triads_, xxxv.

=Three Estates of the Realm=: the nobility, the clergy, and the
commonalty.

N.B.--The sovereign is not one of the three estates.

=Three Fatal Disclosures= (_The_) of the island of Britain: (1) That
of the buried head of Vran “The Blessed,” by King Arthur, because he
refused to hold the sovereignty of the land except by his own
strength; (2) that of the bones of Vortimer by Vortigern, out of love
for Ronwen (_Rowena_), daughter of Hengist, the Saxon; (3) that of the
dragons in Snowdon by Vortigern, in revenge of the Cymryan displeasure
against him; having this done, he invited over the Saxons in his
defence. (See THREE CLOSURES.)--_Welsh Triads_, liii.

=Three-Fingered Jack=, the nickname of a famous negro robber, who was
the terror of Jamaica in 1780. He was at length hunted down and killed
in 1781.

=Three Golden-Tongued Knights= (_The_) in the court of King Arthur;
(1) Gwalchmai, called in French Gawain, son of Gwyar; (2) Drudwas, son
of Tryffin; (3) Eliwlod, son of Madog ab Uthur. They never made a
request which was not at once granted.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three Great Astronomers= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1)
Grwydion, son of Don. From him the Milky Way is called “Caer Gwydion.”
He called the constellation Cassiopeia “The Court of Don,” or Llys
Don, after his father; and the Corona Borealis, he called “Caer
Arianrod,” after his daughter. (2) Gwynn, son of Nudd. (3)
Idris.--_Welsh Triads_, ii. 325.

=Three Holy Tribes= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1) That of
Bran or Vran, who introduced Christianity into Wales; (2) that of
Cunedda Wledig; and (3) that of Brychan Brycheiniog.--_Welsh Triads_,
xxxv.

=Three Guardsmen=, trio of French gentlemen, who enter the army of
Louis XIII., assuming the pseudonyms of Athos, Porthos and Aramis.
Their adventures are traced through three books of Dumas, _Les Trois
Mousquetaires_, _Vingt Ans Après_ and _Le Vicomte de Bragelonne_.

=Three Kings’ Day=, Twelfth Day or Epiphany, designed to commemorate
the visit of the “three kings,” or “Wise Men of the East,” to the
infant Jesus.

=Three Kings of Cologne= (_The_), the three “Wise Men” who followed
the guiding star “from the East” to Jerusalem, and offered gifts to
the babe Jesus. Their names were Jaspar or Gaspar, Melchior, and
Balthazar; or Apellius, Ameĕrus, and Damascus; or Magalath, Galgalath,
and Sarasin; or Ator, Sator and Peratŏras. Klopstock, in his
_Messiah_, says the Wise Men were six in number, and gives their names
as Hadad, Selĭma, Zimri, Mirja, Beled, and Sunith.

⁂ The toys shown in Cologne Cathedral as the “three kings” are called
Gaspar, Melchior, and Balthazar.

=Three Learned Knights= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1)
Gwalchmai ab Gwyar, called in French romances Gawain; (2) Llecheu ab
Arthur; (3) Rhiwallon with the broom-bush hair. There was nothing that
man knew they did not know.--_Welsh Triads._

=Three-Leg Alley= (_London_), now called Pemberton Row, Fetter Lane.

=Three Letters= (_A Man of_), a thief. A Roman phrase, from _fur_, “a
thief.”

Tun’ trium literarum homo
Me vituperas? Fur!
Plautus, _Aulularia_, ii. 4.

=Three Makers of Golden Shoes= (_The_), of the island of Britain; (1)
Caswallawn, son of Beli, when he went to Gascony to obtain Flur. She
had been abducted for Julius Cæsar, but was brought back by the
prince. (2) Manawyddan, son of Llyr, when he sojourned in Lloegyr
(_England_). (3) Llew Llaw Gyffes, when seeking arms from his
mother.--_Welsh Triads_, cxxiv.

“What craft shall we take?” said Manawyddan.... “Let us take to making
shoes.”... So he bought the best cordwal ... and got the best
goldsmith to make clasps ... and he was called one of the three makers
of gold shoes.--_The Mabinogion_ (“Manawyddan,” twelfth century).

=Three Robbers= (_The_). The three stars in Orion’s belt are said to
be “three robbers climbing up to rob the Ranee’s silver
bedstead.”--Miss Frere, _Old Deccan Days_, 28.

=Three Stayers of Slaughter= (_The_): (1) Gwgawn Gleddyvrud; the name
of his horse was Buchestom. (2) Morvran eil Tegid. (3) Gilbert mab
Cadgyffro.--_Welsh Triads_, xxix.

=Three Tailors of Tooley Street= (_The_), three worthies who held a
meeting in Tooley Street, for the redress of popular grievances, and
addressed a petition to the House of Commons, while Canning was prime
minister, beginning, “We, the people of England.”

=Three Tribe Herdsmen of Britain= (_The_): (1) Llawnrodded Varvawe,
who tended the milch cows of Nudd Hael, son of Senyllt; (2) Bennren,
who kept the herd of Caradawc, son of Brân, Glamorganshire; (3)
Grwdion, son of Don, the enchanter, who kept the kine of Gwynedd,
above the Conway. All these herds consisted of 21,000 milch
cows.--_Welsh Triads_, lxxxv.

=Three Tyrants of Athens= (_The_); Pisistrătos (B.C. 560-490), Hippias
and Hipparchos (B.C. 527-490).

(The two brothers reigned conjointly from 527-514, when the latter was
murdered.)

=Three Unprofessional Bards= (_The_), of the island of Britain: (1)
Rhyawd, son of Morgant; (2) King Arthur; (3) Cadwallawn, son of
Cadvan.--_Welsh Triads_, lxxxix, 113.

=Three Weeks after Marriage=, a comedy by A. Murphy (1776). Sir
Charles Racket has married the daughter of a rich London tradesman,
and, three weeks of the honeymoon having expired, he comes on a visit
to the lady’s father, Mr. Drugget. Old Drugget plumes himself on his
aristocratic son-in-law, so far removed from the vulgar brawls of
meaner folk. On the night of their arrival the bride and bridegroom
quarrel about a game of whist; the lady maintained that Sir Charles
ought to have played a diamond instead of a club. So angry is Sir
Charles that he resolves to have a divorce; and, although the quarrel
is patched up, Mr. Drugget has seen enough of the _beau monde_ to
decline the alliance of Lovelace for his second daughter, whom he
gives to a Mr. Woodley.

=Three Writers= (_The_). The _Scriptores Tres_ are Richardus
Corinensis, Gildas Badonĭcus and Nennius Banchorensis; three who wrote
on _The Ancient History of the British Nation_, edited, etc., by
Julius Bertram (1757).

⁂ The Five Writers, or _Scriptores Quinque_, are five English
chronicles on the early history of England, edited by Thomas Gale
(1691). The names of these chroniclers are: William of Malmesbury,
Henry of Huntingdon, Roger Hoveden, Ethelwerd, and Ingulphus of
Croyland.

The Ten Writers, or _Scriptores Decem_, are the authors of ten ancient
chronicles on English history, compiled and edited by Roger Twysden
and John Selden (1652). The collection contains the chronicles of
Simeon of Durham, John of Hexham, Richard of Hexham, Ailred of Rieval,
Ralph de Diceto, John Brompton, Gervase of Canterbury, Thomas Stubbs,
William Thorn and Henry Knighton. (See SIX CHRONICLES.)

=Thresher= (_Captain_), the feigned leader of a body of lawless
Irishmen, who attacked, in 1806, the collectors of tithes and their
subordinates.

Captain Right was a leader of the rebellious peasantry in the south of
Ireland in the eighteenth century.

Captain Rock was the assumed name of a leader of Irish insurgents in
1822.

=Thrummy-Cap=, a sprite which figures in the fairy tales of
Northumberland. He was a “queer-looking little auld man,” whose scene
of exploits generally lay in the vaults and cellars of old castles.
John Skelton, in his _Colyn Clout_, calls him Tom-a-Thrum, and says
that the clergy could neither write nor read, and were no wiser than
this cellar sprite.

=Thrush= (_Song of the_). Marvellous, rippling music, like the sweet
babble of a brook over stones; like the gentle sighing of the wind in
pine trees ... a rhapsody impossible to describe, but constantly
reminding one of running streams and gentle waterfalls, and coming
nearer to “put my woods in song” than any other bird-notes
whatever.--Olive Thorne Miller, _In Nesting Time_ (1888).

_Thrush_ (_Golden-crowned_). Commencing in a very low key ... he grows
louder and louder, till his body quakes, and his chant runs into a
shriek, ringing in my ear with a peculiar sharpness. This lay may be
represented thus: “Teacher! _teacher!_ Teacher! TEACHER! TEACHER!” the
accent on the first syllable, and each word uttered with increasing
force and shrillness.--John Burroughs, _Wake Robin_ (1871).

=Thu´le= (2 _syl._), the most remote northern portion of the world
known to the ancient Greeks and Romans; but whether an island or part
of a continent nobody knows. It is first mentioned by Pythĕas, the
Greek navigator, who says it is “six days’ sail from Britain,” and
that its climate is a “mixture of earth, air and sea.” Ptolemy, with
more exactitude, tells us that the 63° of north latitude runs through
the middle of Thulê, and adds that “the days there are at the
equinoxes [_sic_] twenty-four hours long.” This, of course, is a
blunder, but the latitude would do roughly for Iceland.

(No place has a day of twenty-four hours long at either equinox; but
anywhere beyond either polar circle the day is twenty-four hours long
at one of the solstices.)

_Thule_ (2 _syl._). Antonius Diogenês, a Greek, wrote a romance on
“The Incredible Things beyond Thulê” (_Ta huper Thoulen Apista_),
which has furnished the basis of many subsequent tales. The work is
not extant, but Photius gives an outline of its contents in his
_Bibliotheca_.

=Thumb= (_Tom_), a dwarf no bigger than a man’s thumb. He lived in the
reign of King Arthur, by whom he was knighted. He was the son of a
common ploughman, and was killed by the poisonous breath of a spider
in the reign of Thunstone, the successor of King Arthur.

Amongst his adventures may be mentioned the following:--He was lying
one day asleep in a meadow, when a cow swallowed him as she cropped
the grass. At another time he rode in the ear of a horse. He crept up
the sleeve of a giant, and so tickled him that he shook his sleeve,
and Tom, falling into the sea, was swallowed by a fish. The fish being
caught and carried to the palace gave the little man his introduction
to the king.

⁂ The oldest version extant of this nursery tale is in rhyme, and
bears the following title:--_Tom Thumb, His Life and Death; wherein is
declared many marvailous acts of manhood, full of wonder and strange
merriments. Which little knight lived in King Arthur’s time, and was
famous in the court of Great Brittaine. London: printed for John
Wright, 1630_ (Bodleian Library). It begins thus:

In Arthur’s court Tom Thumbe did liue--
A man of mickle might,
The best of all the Table Round,
And eke a doughty knight.
His stature but an inch in height,
Or quarter of a span;
Then thinke you not this little knight
Was prov’d a valiant man?

N.B.--“Great Britain” was not a recognized term till 1701 (Queen
Anne), when the two parliaments of Scotland and England were united.
Before that time, England was called “South Britain,” Scotland “North
Britain,” and Brittany “Little Britain.” The date, 1630, would carry
us back to the reign of Charles I.

Fielding, in 1730, wrote a burlesque opera called _Tom Thumb_, which
was altered in 1778, by Kane O’Hara. Dr. Arne wrote the music to it,
and his “daughter (afterwards Mrs. Cibber), then only 14, acted the
part of ‘Tom Thumb’ at the Haymarket Theatre.”--T. Davies, _Life of
Garrick_.

⁂ Here again the dates do not correctly fit in. Mrs. Cibber was born
in 1710, and must have been 20 when Fielding produced his opera of
_Tom Thumb_.

_Thumb_ (_General Tom_), a dwarf exhibited in London in 1846. His real
name was Charles S. Stratton. At the age of 25, his height was 25
inches, and his weight 25 lbs. He was born at Bridgeport, Connecticut,
in 1832, and died in January, 1879.

They rush by thousands to see Tom Thumb. They push, they fight, they
scream, they faint, they cry, “Help!” and “Murder!” They see my bills
and caravan, but do not read them. Their eyes are on them, but their
sense is gone.... In one week 12,000 persons paid to see Tom Thumb,
while only 133½ paid to see my “Aristidês.”--Haydon, the artist, _MS.
Diary_.

=Thunder= (_The Giant_), a giant who fell into a river and was killed,
because Jack cut the ropes which suspended a bridge which the giant
was about to cross.--_Jack the Giant Killer_.

_Thunder_ (_The Sons of_). James and John, the sons of Zebedee, were
called “Boaner´gês.”--_Luke_ ix. 54; _Mark_ iii. 17.

=Thunder and Lightning=, Stephen II. of Hungary, was surnamed
_Tonnant_ (1100, 1114-1131).

=Thunderbolt= (_The_). Ptolemy, king of Macedon, eldest son of Ptolemy
Sotêr I., was so called from his great impetuosity (B.C. *, 285-279).

Handel was called by Mozart “The Thunderbolt” (1684-1759).

=Thunderbolt of Italy= (_The_), Gaston de Foix, nephew of Louis XII.
(1489-1512).

=Thunderbolt of War= (_The_). Roland is so called in Spanish ballads.

Tisaphernês is so called in Tasso’s _Jerusalem Delivered_, xx. (1575).

=Thunderer= (_The_), the _Times_ newspaper. This popular name was
first given to the journal in allusion to a paragraph in one of the
articles contributed by Captain Edward Sterling, while Thomas Barnes
was editor.

We thundered forth the other day an article on the subject of social
and political reform.

Some of the contemporaries caught up the expression, and called the
_Times_ “The Thunderer.” Captain Sterling used to sign himself “Vetus”
before he was placed on the staff of the paper.

=Thundering Legion= (_The_), the twelfth legion of the Roman army
under Marcus Aurēlius acting against the Quadi, A.D. 174. It was shut
up in a defile, and reduced to great straits for want of water, when a
body of Christians, enrolled in the legion, prayed for relief. Not
only was rain sent, but the thunder and lightning so terrified the foe
that a complete victory was obtained, and the legion was ever after
called “The Thundering Legion.”--Dion Cassius, _Roman History_, lxxi.
8; Eusebius, _Ecclesiastical History_, v. 5.

The Theban legion, _i.e._, the legion raised in the Thebaïs of Egypt,
and composed of Christian soldiers led by St. Maurice, was likewise
called “The Thundering Legion.”

The term “Thundering Legion” existed before either of these two was so
called.

=Thunstone= (2 _syl._), the successor of King Arthur, in whose reign
Tom Thumb was killed by a spider.--_Tom Thumb._

=Thu´rio=, a foolish rival of Valentine for the love of Silvia,
daughter of the duke of Milan.--Shakespeare, _The Two Gentlemen of
Verona_ (1595).

=Thwacker= (_Quartermaster_), in the dragoons.--Sir W. Scott,
_Redgauntlet_ (time, George III.).

=Thwackum=, in Fielding’s novel, _The History of Tom Jones, a
Foundling_ (1749).

=Thyamis=, an Egyptian thief, native of Memphis. Theagĕnês and
Chariclēa being taken by him prisoners, he fell in love with the lady,
and shut her up in a cave for fear of losing her. Being closely beset
by another gang stronger than his own, he ran his sword into the heart
of Chariclea, that she might go with him into the land of shadows, and
be his companion in the future life.--Heliodorus, _Æthiopica_.

Like to the Egyptian thief, at point of death,
Kill what I love.
Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_, act v. sc. 1 (1614).

=Thyeste´an Banquet= (in Latin _cæna Thyestæ_), a cannibal feast.
Thyestês was given his own two sons to eat in a banquet served up to
him by his brother, Atreus [_At.truce_].

Procnê and Philomēla served up to Tereus (2 _syl._) his own son Itys.

⁂ Milton accents the word on the second syllable in _Paradise Lost_,
x. 688, but then he calls Chalybe´an (_Samson Agonistes_, 133)
“Chalyb´ean,” Æge´an (_Paradise Lost_, i. 745) “Æ´gean,” and
Cambuscan´ he calls “Cambus´can.”

=Thyeste´an Revenge=, blood for blood, tit for tat of bloody
vengeance.

1. Thyestês seduced the wife of his brother, Atreus (2 _syl._), for
which he was banished. In his banishment he carried off his brother’s
son, Plisthĕnês, whom he brought up as his own child. When the boy was
grown to manhood, he sent him to assassinate Atreus, but Atreus slew
Plisthenês, not knowing him to be his son. The corresponding vengeance
was this: Thyestês had a son named. Ægisthos, who was brought up by
King Atreus as his own child. When Ægisthos was grown to manhood, the
king sent him to assassinate Thyestês, but the young man slew Atreus
instead.

2. Atreus slew his own son, Plisthenês, thinking him to be his
brother’s child. When he found out his mistake, he pretended to be
reconciled to his brother, and asked him to a banquet. Thyestês went
to the feast, and ate part of his own two sons, which had been cooked,
and were set before him by his brother.

3. Thyestês defiled the wife of his brother, Atreus, and Atreus
married Pelopia, the unwedded wife of his brother, Thyestês. It was
the son of this woman by Thyestês who murdered Atreus (his uncle and
father-in-law).

⁂ The tale of Atreus and that of Œdĭpus are the two most lamentable
stories of historic fiction, and in some points resemble each other:
Thus Œdipus married his mother, not knowing who she was; Thyestês
seduced his daughter, not knowing who she was. Œdipus slew his
father, not knowing who he was; Atreus slew his son, not knowing who
he was. Œdipus was driven from his throne by the sons born to him
by his own mother; Atreus [_At´.ruce_] was killed by the natural son
of his own wife.

=Thymbræ´an God= (_The_), Apollo; so called from a celebrated temple
raised to his honor on a hill near the river Thymbrĭus.

The Thymbræan god
With Mars I saw and Pallas.
Dantê, _Purgatory_, xii. (1308).

=Thymert=, priest and guardian of Guenn. Beloved by the fisherfolk,
and secretly in love with his beautiful ward. He finds her drowned on
the shore of his island home.--Blanche Willis Howard, _Guenn_ (1883).

=Thyrsis=, a herdsman introduced in the _Idylls_ of Theocrĭtos, and in
Virgil’s _Eclogue_, vii. Any shepherd or rustic is so called.

Hard by, a cottage chimney smokes
From betwixt two agêd oaks,
Where Corydon and Thyrsis met,
Are at their savory dinner set.
Milton, _L’Allegro_ (1638).

=Thyrsus=, a long pole with an ornamental head of ivy, vine leaves, or
a fir cone, carried by Bacchus and by his votaries at the celebration
of his rites. It was emblematic of revelry and drunkenness.

[_I will_] abash the frantic thyrsus with my song.
Akenside, _Hymn to the Naiads_ (1767).

=Tibbs= (_Beau_), a poor, clever, dashing young spark, who had the
happy art of fancying he knew all the _haut monde_, and that all the
_monde_ knew him; that his garret was the choicest spot in London, for
its commanding view of the Thames; that his wife was a lady of
distinguished airs; and that his infant daughter would marry a peer.
He took off his hat to every man and woman of fashion, and made out
that dukes, lords, duchesses, and ladies addressed him simply as Ned.
His hat was pinched up with peculiar smartness; his looks were pale,
thin, and sharp, round his neck he wore a broad black ribbon, and in
his bosom a glass pin; his coat was trimmed with tarnished lace; and
his stockings were silk. Beau Tibbs interlarded his rapid talk with
fashionable oaths, such as, “Upon my soul! egad!”

“I was asked to dine yesterday,” he says, “at the Duchess of
Piccadilly’s. My Lord Mudler was there. ‘Ned,’ said he, ‘I’ll hold
gold to silver I can tell you where you were poaching last night ... I
hope Ned, it will improve your fortune,’ ‘Fortune, my lord? five
hundred a year at least--great secret--let it go no further.’ My lord
took me down in his chariot to his country seat yesterday, and we had
a _tête-à-tête_ dinner in the country.” “I fancy you told us just now
you dined yesterday at the duchess’s, in town.” “Did I so?” replied
he, coolly. “To be sure, egad! now I do remember--yes, I had two
dinners yesterday.”--Letter liv.

_Mrs. Tibbs_, wife of the beau, a slattern and a coquette, much
emaciated, but with the remains of a good-looking woman. She made
twenty apologies for being in _dishabille_; but had been out all night
with the countess. Then, turning to her husband, she added, “And his
lordship, my dear, drank your health in a bumper.” Ned then asked his
wife if she had given orders for dinner. “You need make no great
preparation--only we three. My lord cannot join us to-day--something
small and elegant will do, such as a turbot, an ortolan, a----”

“Or,” said Mrs. Tibbs, “what do you think, my dear, of a nice bit of
ox-cheek, dressed with a little of my own sauce?” “The very thing,” he
replies; “it will eat well with a little beer. His grace was very fond
of it, and I hate the vulgarity of a great load of dishes.” The
citizen of the world now thought it time to decamp, and took his
leave, Mrs. Tibbs assuring him that dinner would certainly be quite
ready in two or three hours.--Letter lv.

_Mrs. Tibbs’s lady’s-maid_, a vulgar, brawny Scotchwoman. “Where’s my
lady?” said Tibbs, when he brought to his garret his excellency the
ambassador of China. “She’s a-washing your twa shirts at the next
door, because they won’t lend us the tub any longer.”--Goldsmith, _A
Citizen of the World_ (1759).

=Tibert= (_Sir_), the name of the cat in the beast-epic of _Reynard
the Fox_ (1498).

=Tibet Talkapace=, a prating hand-maid of Custance, the gay and rich
widow, vainly sought by Ralph Roister Doister.--Nicholas Udall, _Ralph
Roister Doister_ (first English comedy, 1534).

The metre runs thus:

I hearde our nourse speake of an husbande to-day
Ready for our mistresse, a rich man and gay;
And we shall go in our French hoodes every day ...
Then shall ye see Tibet, sires, treade the mosse so trig ...
Not lumperdee, clumperdee, like our Spaniel Rig.

=Tibs= (_Mr._), a most “useful hand.” He will write you a receipt for
the bite of a mad dog, tell you an Eastern tale to perfection, and
understands the business part of an author so well that no publisher
can humbug him. You may know him by his peculiar clumsiness of figure,
and the coarseness of his coat; but he never forgets to inform you
that his clothes are all paid for. (See TIBBS.)--Goldsmith, _A Citizen
of The World_, xxix. (1759).

=Tibullus= (_The French_), the chevalier Evariste de Parny
(1742-1814).

=Tiburce= (2 or 3 _syl._), brother of Valerian, converted by St.
Cecile, his sister-in-law, and baptized by Pope Urban. Being brought
before the Prefect Almachius, and commanded to worship the image of
Jupiter, he refused to do so, and was decapitated.--Chaucer,
_Canterbury Tales_ (“Second Nun’s Tale,” 1388).

⁂ When Tiburce is followed by a vowel it is made 2 _syl._, when by a
consonant it is 3 _syl._, as:

And after this, Tiburce in good entente (2 _syl._),
With Valerīan to Pope Urban went,
And this thing sche unto Tiburce tolde (3 _syl._).
Chaucer.

=Tibur´zio=, commander of the Pisans, in their attack upon Florence,
in the fifteenth century. The Pisans were thoroughly beaten by the
Florentines, led by Lu´ria, a Moor, and Tiburzio was taken captive.
Tiburzio tells Luria that the men of Florence will cast him off after
peace is established, and advises him to join Pisa. This Luria is far
too noble to do, but he grants Tiburzio his liberty. Tiburzio, being
examined by the council of Florence, under the hope of finding some
cause of censure against the Moor, to lessen or cancel their
obligations to him, “testifies to his unflinching probity,” and the
council could find no cause of blame, but Luria, by poison, relieves
the ungrateful state of its obligation to him.--Robert Browning,
_Luria_.

=Tichborne Dole= (_The_). When Lady Mabella was dying, she requested
her husband to grant her the means of leaving a charitable bequest. It
was to be a dole of bread, to be distributed annually on the Feast of
the Annunciation, to any who chose to apply for it. Sir Roger, her
husband, said he would give her as much land as she could walk over
while a billet of wood remained burning. The old lady was taken into
the park, and managed to crawl over twenty-three acres of land, which
was accordingly set apart, and is called “The Crawls” to this hour.
When the Lady Mabella was taken back to her chamber, she said, “So
long as this dole is continued, the family of Tichborne shall prosper;
but immediately it is discontinued, the house shall fall, from the
failure of an heir male. This,” she added, “will be when a family of
seven sons is succeeded by one of seven daughters.” The custom began
in the reign of Henry II., and continued till 1796, when, singularly
enough, the baron had seven sons and his successor seven daughters,
and Mr. Edward Tichborne, who inherited the Doughty estates, dropping
the original name, called himself Sir Edward Doughty.

=Tickell= (_Mark_), a useful friend, especially to Elsie
Lovell.--Wybert Reeve, _Parted_.

=Tickler= (_Timothy_), an ideal portrait of Robert Sym, a lawyer of
Edinburgh (1750-1844).--Wilson, _Noctes Ambrosianæ_ (1822-36).

=Tiddler.= (See TOM TIDDLER’S GROUND.)

=Tiddy-Doll=, a nickname given to Richard Grenville, Lord Temple
(1711-1770).

=Tide-Waiters= (_Ecclesiastical_). So the Rev. Lord Osborne (S. G. O.)
calls the clergy in convocation whose votes do not correspond with
their real opinions.

=Tider= (_Robin_), one of the servants of the earl of Leicester.--Sir
W. Scott, _Kenilworth_ (time, Elizabeth).

=Tiffany=, Miss Alscrip’s lady’s-maid; pert, silly, bold, and a
coquette.--General Burgoyne, _The Heiress_ (1781).

=Tigg= (_Montague_), a clever impostor, who lives by his wits. He
starts a bubble insurance office--“the Anglo-Bengalee Company”--and
makes considerable gain thereby. Having discovered the attempt of
Jonas Chuzzlewit to murder his father, he compels him to put his money
in the “new company,” but Jonas finds means to murder him.--C.
Dickens, _Martin Chuzzlewit_ (1844).

=Tiglath-Pile´ser=, son of Pul, second of the sixth dynasty of the new
Assyrian empire. The word is _Tiglath Pul Assur_: “the great tiger of
Assyria.”

=Tigra´nes= (3 _syl._), one of the heroes slain by the impetuous Dudon
soon after the arrival of the Christian army before Jerusalem.--Tasso,
_Jerusalem Delivered_, iii. (1575).

_Tigranes_ (3 _syl._), king of Arme´nia.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _A
King or No King_ (1619).

=Tigress Nurse= (_A_). Tasso says that Clorinda was suckled by a
tigress.--_Jerusalem Delivered_, xii.

Roman story says Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf.

Orson, the brother of Valentine, was suckled by a she-bear, and was
brought up by an eagle.--_Valentine and Orson._

=Tilburi´na=, the daughter of the governor of Tilbury Fort; in love
with Whiskerandos. Her love-ravings are the crest unto the crest of
burlesque tragedy (see act ii. 1).--Sheridan, _The Critic_ (1779).

“An oyster may be crossed in love,” says the gentle Tilburina.--Sir W.
Scott.

=Tilbury Fort= (_The governor of_), father of Tilburīna; a plain,
matter-of-fact man, with a gushing, romantic and love-struck daughter.
In Mr. Puff’s tragedy, _The Spanish Armada_.--Sheridan, _The Critic_
(1779).

=Tim Syllabub=, a droll creature, equally good at a rebus, a riddle, a
bawdy song or a tabernacle hymn. You may easily recognize him by his
shabby finery, his frizzled hair, his dirty shirt and his
half-genteel, but more than half-shabby dress.--Goldsmith, _A Citizen
of the World_, xxix. (1759).

=Times= (_The_), a newspaper founded by John Walter in 1785. It was
first called _The London Daily Universal Register_; in 1788 the words
_The Times or ..._ were added. This long title was never tolerated by
the public, which always spoke of the journal as _The Register_, till
the original title was suppressed, and the present title, _The Times_,
remained. In 1803, John Walter, son of the founder, became manager,
and greatly improved the character of the paper, and in 1814
introduced a steam press. He died in 1847, and was succeeded by his
son, John Walter III. In the editorial department, John (afterwards
“Sir John”) Stoddart (nicknamed “Dr. Slop”), who began to write
political articles in _The Times_ in 1810, was appointed editor in
1812, but, in 1816, was dismissed for his rabid hatred of Napoleon. He
tried to establish an opposition journal, _The New Times_, which
proved an utter failure. Sir John Stoddart was succeeded by John
Stebbing; then followed Thomas Barnes (“Mr. T. Bounce”), who remained
editor till his death, in 1841. W. F. A. Delane came next, and
continued till 1858, when his son, John Thaddeus Delane, succeeded
him. The following gentlemen were connected with this paper between
1870 and 1880:--

AN EAST END INCUMBENT, Mr. Rowsell, a volunteer correspondent.

ANGLICANUS, Arthur P. Stanley, dean of Westminster, a volunteer
correspondent.

C., Dr. Cumming, who often dates from Dunrobin.

C. E. T., Sir Charles E. Trevelyan, a volunteer correspondent.

CHURCH MATTERS, the Rev. Henry Wace, preacher at Lincoln’s Inn.

CITY ARTICLE, M. B. Sampson.

COLLEAGUES TO CORRESPONDENTS, Dr. Charles Austin, with Messrs. Dallas,
Broome, and Kelly.

CORRESPONDENTS in every chief town of the United Kingdom, and in all
the most important foreign countries.

CRITIC. _Fine Arts_, Tom Taylor; _Dramatic_, John Oxenford (died
1876); _Musical_, T. J. Davidson.

EDITOR, John Thaddeus Delane, who succeeded his father; Assistant, Mr.
Stebbings, who succeeded G. W. Dasent (“The Hardy Norseman”).

H., Vernon Harcourt, M. P., a volunteer correspondent.

HERTFORDSHIRE INCUMBENT, Canon Blakesley, dean of Lincoln.

HISTORICUS, Vernon Harcourt, M. P., who also wrote slashing articles
in the _Saturday Review_.

IRISH CORRESPONDENT, Dr. G. V. Patten, editor and proprietor of the
_Dublin Daily Express_.