Chapter II: Part 2

ACTION AND USES: Antipyretic and analgesic, similar to
acetanilid.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution,
given with even greater caution than acetanilid and
acetphenetidin

=Apii Fructus (Apii Fruct.), Celery Fruit, N.F.= (Celery Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic emmenagogue, depending
for its action on the volatile oil.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apii Fructi (Fldext. Apii Fruct.), Fluidextract of Celery Fruit, N.F._--Celery fruit (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Apocynum (Apocyn.), Apocynum, N.F.= (Canadian Hemp).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group;
unreliable as to rate of absorption.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Apocyni (Fldext. Apocyn.), Fluidextract of Apocynum, N.F._ (Fluidextract of Canadian Hemp).--Apocynum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (N.F.).

=*Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorph. Hydrochl.), Apomorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Apomorphine Chloride).

White powder, becoming greenish on exposure to light and air,
odorless and with a slightly bitter taste. Soluble in water (1:50)
and in alcohol (1:50).

ACTION AND USES: Prompt, centrally acting emetic,
especially adapted for hypodermic administration. Rarely
used as nauseant expectorant.

DOSAGE: Expectorant 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).
Probably too large; 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain is said to have
produced death in a person enfeebled by chronic bronchitis.
From 0.001 Gm. to 0.002 Gm., or 1/60 to 1/30 grain, repeated
once an hour or once in two hours, is safer. Emetic, by mouth
(hypodermic administration is better), 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain
(U.S.P.). Emetic, hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain
(U.S.P.). This may be repeated at ten-minute intervals
until effective, but it should be remembered that in some
cases apomorphin produces toxic effects without causing
vomiting.

=*Aqua (Aqua), Water, U.S.P.=--H{2}O.

ACTION AND USES: Solvent. The ingestion of large
amounts is a very valuable eliminative measure.

_*Aqua Destillata (Aq. Dest.), Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Water obtained by distillation.

_Aqua Destillata Sterilisata (Aq. Dest. Steril.), Sterilized Distilled Water, U.S.P._--Should be used within forty-eight hours after its preparation.

=AQUAE AROMATICAE, AROMATIC WATERS.=--The official aromatic waters are aqueous solutions of volatile substances, usually volatile oils. They are used as vehicles for the more active water-soluble drugs. For preparations included in this list see under the names of the principal constituents. For the following, see under the names of the respective oils: Aqua Amygdalae Amarae, Aqua Foeniculi, Aqua Menthae Piperitae and Aqua Menthae Viridis.

=Aralia (Aralia), Aralia, N.F.= (American Spikenard, Spignet).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete irritant, diaphoretic and
"alterative." Probably without value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Araliae (Fldext. Aral.), Fluidextract of Aralia, N.F._--Aralia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Argenti Nitras (Arg. Nit.), Silver Nitrate, U.S.P.=--AgNO{3}.

Colorless plates, darkening on exposure to light in the presence of
organic matter; odorless; strongly caustic and having a bitter,
metallic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and soluble in
alcohol (1:30). Incompatible especially with chlorides and organic
matter.

ACTION AND USES: Externally as a caustic, antiseptic
and germicide; internally as an astringent.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), diluted or in
kaolin pills. The concentrations of solutions for local use
vary from 0.01 to 10 per cent., according to the sensitiveness
of the surface and the degree of action desired. Distilled
water should be used in making the solutions.

_*Argenti Nitras Fusus (Arg. Nit. Fus.), Molded Silver Nitrate, U.S.P._ (Fused Silver Nitrate, Lunar Caustic).--AgNO{3} toughened by the addition of a small proportion of silver chloride.

White, hard pencils or cones.

=Argenti Oxidum (Arg. Oxid.), Silver Oxide, U.S.P.=--Ag{2}O.

A heavy, odorless, brownish-black powder with a metallic taste.
Only slightly soluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent in gastric ulcer. Probably
inefficient.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

=Arnica (Arnic.), Arnica, U.S.P.= (Arnica Flowers).

ACTION AND USES: Feeble rubefacient. Still used externally
to some extent in the form of a tincture mixed with
water as an evaporating lotion. The chief active ingredient
of the tincture is probably its alcohol.

_Fluidextractum Arnicae (Fldext. Arnic.), Fluidextract of Arnica, N.F._--Arnica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

_Tinctura Arnicae (Tr. Arnic.), Tincture of Arnica, U.S.P._--Arnica (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

=Arseni Iodidum (Arsen. Iod.), Arsenous Iodide, U.S.P.= (Arsenic Iodide).--AsI{3}.

An orange-red, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:12) with
partial decomposition; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of arsenic trioxide,
over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi (Liq. Arsen. et Hydrarg. Iod.), Solution of Arsenous and Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P._ (Donovan's Solution).--Arsenous iodide and red mercuric iodide (each 1%) in water.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Arseni Trioxidum (Arsen. Triox.), Arsenic Trioxide, U.S.P.= (Arsenous Acid, Arsenous Oxide, White Arsenic).--As{2}O{3}.

Amorphous, glassy masses or white, crystalline masses or powder.
Slowly soluble in water (about 1:100), slightly soluble in alcohol
and ether and freely soluble in glycerine. Readily dissolved by
hydrochloric acid or by alkaline solutions.

ACTION AND USES: Believed to modify nutrition. Used
as tonic in anemias, nervous diseases, etc., in skin diseases
and in some forms of malaria. Externally, a mild escharotic,
but the danger of poisoning prevents its general use.
Likely to produce nephritis. A very common poison.

DOSAGE: 0.002 Gm. or 1/30 grain (U.S.P.), in pills or solutions.

_*Liquor Acidi Arsenosi (Liq. Acid. Arsen.), Solution of Arsenous Acid, U.S.P._ (Hydrochloric Solution of Arsenic, "Solution of Arsenic Chloride").--Arsenic trioxide (1%) in diluted hydrochloric acid (5%) and water.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims.

=*Asafoetida (Asafoet.), Asafetida, U.S.P.= (Gum Asafetida).--A gum resin.

Should be 60% soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a carminative and also in the
treatment of hysteria, the action being psychic.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

_Emulsum Asafoetidae (Emuls. Asafoet.), Emulsion of Asafetida, U.S.P._ (Milk of Asafetida).--Asafetida (4%) in water.

USES: Used especially as enema in tympanites.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Pilulae Asafoetidae (Pil. Asafoet.), Pills of Asafetida, U.S.P._--Each pill contains asafoetida (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains), and soap.

DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Asafoetidae (Tr. Asafoet.), Tincture of Asafetida, U.S.P._--Asafetida (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 81 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=Asarum (Asar.), Asarum, N.F.= (Canada Snake-Root. Wild Ginger).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative and flavor; similar to
but without advantage over ginger.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Asari Compositus (Syr. Asar. Co.), Compound Syrup of Asarum, N.F._--Asarum (6.2%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), alcohol, cochineal and potassium carbonate in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Asclepias (Asclep.), Asclepias, N.F.= (Pleurisy Root).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete domestic remedy for pleurisy,
also used as diaphoretic. Probably without value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Asclepiadis (Fldext. Asclepiad.), Fluidextract of Asclepias, N.F._--Asclepias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Aspidium (Aspidium), Aspidium, U.S.P.= (Male Fern).--The rhizome of certain ferns.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a teniacide in the form of
oleoresin.

_*Oleoresina Aspidii (Oleores. Aspid.), Oleoresin of Aspidium, U.S.P._ (Oleoresin of Male Fern).

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (total dose in a day, U.S.P.),
which may be given singly or in repeated, divided
doses, at intervals of fifteen minutes, in capsules containing
0.3 Gm. or 5 grains, or in emulsion. Larger doses may be
given to robust persons. Special caution is necessary in
giving it to anemic or debilitated persons. The patient
should be prepared by a light diet or fasting for twenty-four
hours. The drug should be given early in the morning,
preceded by a saline cathartic, and the last dose followed
in three hours by a saline laxative. Caution:--Castor
oil or other fixed oils should not be used in connection
with oleoresin of aspidium, as they favor the absorption
of the active principle.

=Aspidosperma (Aspidosp.), Aspidosperma, U.S.P.= (Quebracho).--A bark.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended in dyspneic
conditions. Value doubtful.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Aspidospermatis (Fldext. Aspidosp.), Fluidextract of Aspidosperma, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Quebracho).--Aspidosperma (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=*Atropina (Atrop.), Atropine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from belladonna and some other plants of the nightshade family.

A white, odorless powder. Slightly soluble in water (1:455), but
freely soluble in alcohol (1:2).

ACTION AND USES: Atropine and the related alkaloids
paralyze the parasympathetic endings. They are used
especially as mydriatics and cycloplegics, to suppress secretions,
as in gastric hyperacidity, and to quicken the heart,
regulate peristalsis, lessen bronchial spasm, etc.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

_Oleatum Atropinae (Oleat. Atrop.), Oleate of Atropine, N.F._--Atropine (2%), in alcohol, oleic acid and olive oil.

=*Atropinae Sulphas (Atrop. Sulph.), Atropine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.4) and in
alcohol (1:5).

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.).

=Aurantii Amari Cortex (Aurant. Amar. Cort.), Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic bitter stomachic, used principally
as a flavoring.

_Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari (Fldext. Aurant. Amar.), Fluidextract of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

_Tinctura Aurantii Amari (Tr. Aurant. Amar.), Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Bitter orange peel (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Vinum Aurantii Compositum (Vin. Aurant. Co.), Compound Wine of Orange, N.F._ (Elixir Aurantiorum Compositum, Compound Elixir of Orange).--Bitter orange peel, absinthium, menyanthes, cascarilla, Saigon cinnamon and gentian, extracted with potassium carbonate in sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

USES: Objectionable alcoholic "bitter."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Aurant Dulc. Cort.), Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Syrupus Aurantii (Syr. Aurant.), Syrup of Orange, U.S.P._--Tincture of sweet orange peel in syrup.

_Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis (Tr. Aurant. Dulc.), Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel, U.S.P._--Sweet orange peel from fresh fruit (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=Aurantii Flores, Bitter Orange Flowers.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Aqua Aurantii Florum (Aq. Aurant. Flor.), Orange Flower Water, U.S.P._--Stronger orange flower water in water.

_Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior (Aq. Aurant. Flor. Fort.), Stronger Orange Flower Water, U.S.P._--Prepared by distillation of bitter orange flowers with water. Must be free from mucilaginous growths.

_Syrupus Aurantii Florum (Syr. Aurant. Flor.), Syrup of Orange Flowers, U.S.P._--Sugar in orange flower water.

=Auri et Sodii Chloridum (Aur. et Sod. Chlor.), Gold and Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.=--Equal parts of AuCl{3} and NaCl.

An orange-yellow, odorless, deliquescent powder with a saline,
metallic taste. Very soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Preparations of gold have been
employed in medicine for the most varied conditions without
any real evidence of usefulness.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Balsamum Peruvianum (Bals. Peruv.), Balsam of Peru, U.S.P.= (Peru Balsam).

Dark brown, viscid liquid, with a vanilla-like odor and a bitter,
acrid taste. Soluble in alcohol or chloroform; only partially
soluble in ether or petroleum benzin; practically insoluble in
water.

ACTION AND USES: Externally in the form of ointments
or alcoholic solutions as a stimulant to indolent wounds
and ulcers and in the treatment of scabies.

=*Balsamum Tolutanum (Bals. Tolu.), Balsam of Tolu, U.S.P.= (Tolu Balsam).

Yellowish-brown or brown, plastic solid, becoming brittle when old,
dried or exposed to cold, and having a vanilla-like odor and a
mild, aromatic taste. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol,
chloroform and ether.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as an expectorant;
used chiefly in the form of the syrup, which is little
more than a pleasantly flavored vehicle.

_*Syrupus Tolutanus (Syr. Tolu.), Syrup of Tolu, U.S.P._--Tincture of tolu (5%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Tolutana (Tr. Tolu.), Tincture of Tolu, U.S.P._--Balsam of tolu (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Baptisia (Baptis.), Baptisia, N.F.= (Wild Indigo Root).

ACTION AND USES: Without any definite known action;
formerly used in typhoid fever and diseases showing similar
symptoms.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Baptisiae (Fldext. Baptis.), Fluidextract of Baptisia, N.F._--Baptisia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Belladonnae Folia (Bellad. Fol.), Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P.= (Deadly Nightshade Leaves, Belladonnae Folium, P.I.).--Yield not less than 0.3 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine
(which see) contained therein.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Emplastrum Belladonnae (Emp. Bellad.), Belladonna Plaster, U.S.P._--Extract of belladonna leaves (30%), yielding about 0.37 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Applied in the treatment of rheumatic
and similar pains.

_*Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum (Ext. Bellad. Fol.), Extract of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. belladonna leaves and yields about 1.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Two forms: pilular extract of belladonna leaves and powdered extract of belladonna leaves.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum (Tr. Bellad. Fol.), Tincture of Belladonna Leaves, U.S.P._ (Belladonnae Tinctura, P.I.)--Belladonna leaves (10%) yielding about 0.03 per cent. of alkaloids in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Unguentum Belladonnae (Ung. Bellad.), Belladonna Ointment, U.S.P._--Pilular extract of belladonna leaves (10%) in diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

=Belladonnae Radix (Bellad. Rad.), Belladonna Root, U.S.P.= (Deadly Nightshade Root).--Yields not less than 0.45 per cent. of mydriatic alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Those of the hyoscyamine and atropine
(which see) contained therein.

DOSAGE: 0.045 Gm. or 3/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis (Fldext. Bellad. Rad.), Fluidextract of Belladonna Root, U.S.P._--Belladonna root (100%) yielding about 0.45 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Belladonnae (Lin. Bellad.), Belladonna Liniment, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of belladonna root (about 95%) and camphor (5%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

USES: A mildly analgesic and rubefacient application.

=Benzaldehydum (Benzaldehyd.), Benzaldehyde, U.S.P.=--Produced synthetically or obtained from oil of bitter almonds.

A colorless or yellowish liquid, with a bitter-almond odor and a
burning, aromatic taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with
alcohol, ether, and fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

=Benzinum Purificatum (Benzin. Purif.), Purified Petroleum Benzin, U.S.P.= (Petroleum Ether).

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal or faint petroleum
odor; highly inflammable. Practically insoluble in water, freely
soluble in alcohol and miscible with ether, chloroform, volatile
oils and fixed oils with the exception of castor oil.

ACTION AND USES: Pharmaceutic solvent.

=*Benzoinum (Benzoin.), Benzoin, U.S.P.= (Gum Benjamin).--A balsamic resin.

ACTION AND USES: Used locally to promote healing, and
in inhalations as an expectorant.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Benzoini (Tr. Benz.), Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Benzoini Composita (Tr. Benz. Co.), Compound Tincture of Benzoin, U.S.P._--Benzoin (10%), aloes (2%), storax (8%), balsam of tolu (4%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

USES: Protective and local stimulant, especially by
inhalation.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Benzosulphinidum (Benzosulphinid.), Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.= (Saccharin, Glusidum).

A white, nearly odorless powder with an intensely sweet taste even
in dilute solutions. Slightly soluble (1:290) in water and soluble
(1:31) in alcohol and readily dissolved by ammonia water or by a
solution of alkali hydroxides or of sodium bicarbonate.

ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in diabetes mellitus;
about 500 times as sweet as sugar, weight for weight.

=Berberis (Berber.), Berberis, N.F.= (Oregon Grape Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Probably similar to, but without
advantage over, hydrastis.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Berberidis (Fldext. Berberid.), Fluidextract of Berberis, N.F._--Berberis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Betaeucainae Hydrochloridum (Betaeucain. Hydrochl.), Betaeucaine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Eucaine Chloride, Eucaine; also known as Benzamine Hydrochloride).

A white, odorless powder. Soluble in water (1:30) and in alcohol
(1:35).

ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic.

DOSAGE: In a 2 or 3 per cent. solution for the eye or 5
to 10 per cent. solution for the nose and throat.

=*Betanaphthol (Betanaph.), Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Naphthol).

Colorless or pale buff crystalline laminae or white or yellowish
powder, with a faint phenol odor and a pungent taste. Only slightly
soluble in water (1:1000) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, somewhat stronger than
phenol and less toxic. Used in skin affections, and as
intestinal antiseptic and anthelmintic for hookworm.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
Externally as a 3 to 5 per cent. ointment.

_Pasta Betanaphtholis (Past. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Naphthol Paste).--Betanaphthol (10%) and precipitated sulphur (50%) in petrolatum and soft soap.

_Petroxolinum Betanaphtholis (Petrox. Betanaphthol.), Betanaphthol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Betanaphthol Petrox).--Betanaphthol (10%) in liquid petroxolin.

=Bismuthi Betanaphtholas (Bism. Betanaph.), Bismuth Betanaphthol, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Betanaphtholate; also sold as Orphol).--Of somewhat varying composition.

A buff-colored or grayish-brown, nearly odorless, tasteless powder.
Nearly insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as an intestinal antiseptic, being
decomposed into its constituents in the intestine, where it
exerts the effects of bismuth salts and of betanaphthol.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).

Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder,
with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble
in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Somewhat astringent and irritating;
should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts
of bismuth. Its use in "bismuth elixirs" is irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

=Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.=

USES: An irrational method of administering bismuth.

_Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron and Bismuth).--Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F._--A solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.

_Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

=Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.=

_Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of Bismuth).--A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.

USES: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over
which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate, U.S.P.=--Of varying chemical composition.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in
water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used like other insoluble salts of
bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds,
diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or
cachets or in suspension (best form)

=*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P.= (Dermatol).--A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate,
over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.

A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble
in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures,
incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of
nitric acid.

ACTION AND USES: Somewhat more astringent than the
subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably
administered as a powder or as cachets.

=Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.

A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost
insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Protective and astringent like other
insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked
advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F.= (Boldo Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic.
No well defined indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo, N.F._--Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

=Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F.= (Kousso, Cusso).--Flowers.

ACTION AND USES: Teniacide; without advantage over
aspidium or pelletierine.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

_Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F._--Brayera (6%) in water.

DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.=--CHBr{3}.

A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet
taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and
miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as a sedative
in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to
its value.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved
in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is
too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.

=Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.=--Br.

Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor
resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely
soluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Violent irritant; seldom used in
medicine.

_Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F._, (Smith's Solution of Bromine).--Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.

USES: Antiseptic and irritant

=Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F.= (Bryony).--Root.

ACTION AND USES: Drastic resinous cathartic; without
advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia,
etc.; of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F._--Bryonia (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P.= (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).

ACTION AND USES: At one time largely used as antiseptic
and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value
doubtful.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Fluidextract of buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%) and elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu, U.S.P._--Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F._--Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi (each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

USES: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F.= (Prepared Cacao, Soluble Cocoa).

ACTION AND USES: Beverage and flavor

=Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.= (Night Blooming Cereus).--Fresh stems.

ACTION AND USES: Used in neurotic heart disturbances;
results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.

_Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F._--Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P.= (Theine).--An alkaloid obtained from coffee or tea.

White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in
water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).

ACTION AND USES: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and
psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning
by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache.
Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the
acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is
uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.

_Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Caffeine and citric acid equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or
capsules.

_Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium tartrate and citrate.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.

=*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate, U.S.P.=--Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.

White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely
soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly
soluble in chloroform.

ACTION AND USES: The form of caffeine usually employed
for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.

DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.);
hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

=Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.=--Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium salicylate.

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.)

=Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F.= (Lapis Calaminaris).--Native zinc carbonate.

A pink powder. Insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Protective, similar to zinc oxide,
over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic
advantage of being slightly pink.

_Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F._, (Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner's Cerate).--Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.

=Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.=--Hydrated calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr{2}).

A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste.
Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible
with alkali carbonates and phosphates.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but more irritant than
sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage,
although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in
aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder
or cachets.

_Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide, N.F._--Calcium bromide (8.5%) diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P.= (Precipitated Chalk).--CaCO{3}.

A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in
water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution
of carbon dioxide.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth
powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas,
etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been
used as an application to burns as an antacid and
protective.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in
suspension

=*Calcii Chloridum (Calc. Chlor.), Calcium Chloride, U.S.P.=--Hydrated calcium chloride (not less than 75 per cent. of CaCl{2}).

White, hard, deliquescent, odorless masses or granules, with a
sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.62), and freely
soluble in alcohol (1:10).

ACTION AND USES: Used for the oral administration of
calcium. Employed in hemorrhagic conditions, in which
it is probably useless. Has also been advised in inflammatory
conditions of the skin and mucous membranes
(urticaria, serum-rashes, hay-fever, etc.).

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

=Calcii Glycerophosphas (Calc. Glycerophos.), Calcium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.= (Calcium Glycerinophosphate).--CaC{3}H{7}O{6}P.

White, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Soluble in water (1:50)
and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly believed to be a tonic, and
used especially in neurasthenia, to improve the nutrition of
the nervous system. There is no reliable evidence that it
has any value.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.

_Elixir Calcii et Sodii Glycerophosphatum (Elix. Calc. et Sod. Glycerophos.), Elixir of Calcium and Sodium Glycerophosphates, N.F._ (Elixir Glycerophosphatum N.F. III).--Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (2.5%), calcium glycerophosphate (0.875%), phosphoric acid (0.8%), in glycerin, aromatic elixir and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

USES: An irrational and inefficient "tonic" mixture.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Calcii Hypophosphis (Calc. Hypophos.), Calcium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.=--Ca(PH{2}O{2}){2}.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a nauseous,
bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:6.5) and insoluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: The hypophosphites were introduced
as of special value in tuberculosis; later they were used as
general reconstructive tonics, but there is no experimental
or reliable clinical evidence that the hypophosphite radical
has any value as such. Calcium hypophosphite must be
regarded merely as a means of administering calcium.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in syrups.

_Elixir Calcii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Calc. Hypophos.), Elixir of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Hypophosphitum (Elix. Hypophos.), Elixir of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (5.25%), sodium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 1.75%) in water, glycerin, compound spirit of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri._--See under =Ferri Hypophosphis=.

_Liquor Hypophosphitum (Liq. Hypophos.), Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), sodium hypophosphite (2%) and potassium hypophosphite (1.75%) in water.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Hypophosphitum Compositus (Liq. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 0.85%), sodium hypophosphite (0.22%), ferric hypophosphite (0.44%) and manganese hypophosphite (0.22%), quinine hypophosphite (0.22%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.007%) and potassium citrate in orange flower water, glycerin and water.

USES: Complex and irrational mixture.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Syrupus Calcii et Sodii Hypophosphitum (Syr. Calc. et Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium and Sodium Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 3.5%), in sugar and water.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).

_Syrupus Calcii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Calc. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in sugar and water.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Hypophosphites, U.S.P._--Calcium hypophosphite (4.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.5%) in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus (Syr. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), ferric hypophosphite and manganese hypophosphite (each 0.225%), quinine (0.11%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.0123%) and sodium citrate (0.375%) in glycerin and syrup.

USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational "tonic."

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Calcii Iodidum, Calcium Iodide.=

_Syrupus Calcii Iodidi (Syr. Calc. Iodid.), Syrup of Calcium Iodide, N.F._--Represents calcium iodide (8.75%) in syrup.

USES: Superfluous, whether regarded as a calcium preparation
or as an iodide preparation.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims

=*Calcii Lactas (Calc. Lact.), Calcium Lactate, U.S.P.=--Ca(C{3}H{5}O{3}){2} + 5H{2}O.

White, odorless, practically tasteless masses or powder. Soluble in
water (1:20) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used for the characteristic action of
calcium; less irritating and therefore better adapted to
hypodermic administration than calcium chloride (which
see).

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution

=Calcii Lactophosphas (Calc. Lactophos.), Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.=--A mixture of calcium lactate and calcium acid lactate with calcium acid phosphate.

White, odorless powder. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage
over the lactate. Not adapted to hypodermic use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Elixir Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--Calcium lactophosphate (3%) in compound spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent. Small and probably inefficient quantities of calcium.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Cinchon., Ferr. et Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Iron and Lactophosphate of Lime).--Syrup of calcium lactophosphate (50%), potassium citrate (3%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

USES: An irrational mixture, supposed to present seven
active ingredients.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Lactophos.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate, U.S.P._--Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (2.5%) in lactic acid (6%), phosphoric acid (3.6%) and a syrup containing orange flower water.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis et Ferri (Syr. Calc. Lactophos. et Ferr.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate and Iron, N.F._--Ferrous lactate and potassium citrate (each 0.85%) and syrup of calcium lactophosphate (about 99%).

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus (Calc. Phos. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, N.F.=--Ca{3}(PO{4}){2}.

A bulky, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Practically insoluble
in water and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Precipitated calcium phosphate has
been given in the form of powders or mixtures for its
action as a calcium salt, which is similar to but without
advantage over the action of the carbonate. Because of its
insolubility it is now seldom used.

USES: Similar to but without advantage over the
carbonate.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Calcii Hydrochlorophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Hydrochlorophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hydrochlorophosphate, N.F._ (Syrupus Calcii Chlorhydrophosphatis, N.F. III).--Precipitated calcium phosphate (1.75%) flavored with tincture of lemon peel and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, water and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Calcii Sulphidum Crudum (Calc. Sulphid. Crud.), Crude Calcium Sulphide, U.S.P.= (Calx Sulphurata, U.S.P. VIII, Sulphurated Lime).--CaS (not less than 55%).

A pale gray or yellowish powder, with a faint hydrogen sulphide
odor and a nauseous, alkaline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold
water, insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally, depilatory similar to
barium sulphide. Internally has been used to arrest and
prevent suppuration especially in boils, carbuncles and
pustular acne. There is no reliable evidence of its therapeutic
usefulness.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), in solution.

_Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae (Liq. Calc. Sulphurat.), Solution of Sulphurated Lime, N.F._ (Solution of Oxysulphuret of Calcium, Fleming's Solution, Vleminckx' Solution, Vleminckx' Lotion).--A solution of calcium polysulphides and calcium thiosulphate produced by boiling together lime, sulphur and water.

USES: Depilatory.

=Calendula (Calend.), Calendula, N.F.= (Marigold, Calendula Flowers).

ACTION AND USES: Locally, mild irritant, without material
advantage over diluted alcohol. Internally, no definite
indications for its use.

_Fluidextractum Calendulae (Fldext. Calend.), Fluidextract of Calendula, N.F._--Calendula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

_Tinctura Calendulae (Tr. Calend.), Tincture of Calendula, N.F._--Calendula (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

=Calumba (Calumb.), Calumba, U.S.P.= (Columba, Columbo, Colombo).--A root.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a simple bitter and stomachic.
It appears to have no advantage over other bitters, for
instance, gentian.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.); usually given in
the form of the tincture.

_Fluidextractum Calumbae (Fldext. Calumb.), Fluidextract of Calumba, N.F._--Calumba (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Calumbae (Tr. Calumb.), Tincture of Calumba, U.S.P._--Calumba (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=*Calx (Calx), Calcium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Lime, Quicklime).--CaO.

Hard, white, odorless masses with a caustic taste, forming with
water calcium hydroxide, which is slightly soluble in water (1:84),
insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: As liquor calcis (an aqueous solution
of calcium hydroxide), used as an antacid and mild alkali.
As milk of lime (a mixture of calcium hydroxide and
water), frequently used as a disinfectant.

_*Linimentum Calcis (Lin. Calc.), Lime Liniment, U.S.P._ (Carron Oil).--Lime water (50%) and linseed oil.

USES: Topical application, used especially for burns.

_*Liquor Calcis (Liq. Calc.), Solution of Calcium Hydroxide, U.S.P._ (Lime Water).--Ca(OH){2} (not less than 0.14%).

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms.

=*Calx Chlorinata (Calx Chlorin.), Chlorinated Lime, U.S.P.= ("Chloride of Lime").--A compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite containing not less than 30 per cent. of available chlorine.

A white or grayish-white powder having a chlorine-like odor and a
repulsive saline taste. Partially soluble in water or alcohol.
Decomposed by acids with liberation of chlorine.

ACTION AND USES: Disinfectant, especially for excreta.
Should be used liberally and left in contact for at least
one hour. Widely used for treating contaminated drinking
water.

=Cambogia (Cambog.), Gamboge, U.S.P.= (Pipe Gamboge).--A gum resin.

Odorless, grayish-orange-brown pieces or bright yellow powder, with
a very acrid taste. Not less than 65 per cent. soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: A powerful irritant hydragogue
cathartic; not often employed alone. Usually administered
in combination with other drugs.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.

=*Camphora (Camph.), Camphor, U.S.P.=--A volatile solid obtained from the camphor tree.

Tough, white, translucent masses with a pungent odor and taste.
Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol,
chloroform, ether and fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Used hypodermically to stimulate the
circulation and respiration in collapse. Opinions are
divided as to its efficiency. Locally, applied as a mild
irritant and antiseptic.

DOSAGE: By mouth 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
Hypodermic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), as 10 per
cent. solution in oil.

_*Aqua Camphorae (Aq. Camph.), Camphor Water, U.S.P._--A saturated solution of camphor in water.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Ceratum Camphorae (Cerat. Camph.), Camphor Cerate, N.F._--Camphor (2%), with cottonseed oil, white wax, white petrolatum and benzoinated lard.

_Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum (Emp. Fusc. Camph.), Camphorated Brown Plaster, N.F._ (Camphorated Motherplaster).--Camphor (1%), red oxide of lead, olive oil and yellow wax.

_*Linimentum Camphorae (Lin. Camph.), Camphor Liniment, U.S.P._ (Camphorated Oil).--Camphor (20%) in cottonseed oil.

USES: Mild counterirritant. Note: This preparation, as
found in drug stores, should never be used hypodermically.

_Mistura Camphora Acida._--See under =Opium=.

_Mistura Camphorae Aromatica._--See under =Oleum Lavandulae=.

_*Spiritus Camphorae (Sp. Camph.), Spirit of Camphor, U.S.P._--Camphor (10%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Unguentum Camphorae (Ung. Camph.), Camphor Ointment, N.F._--Camphor (22%) in white wax and lard.

_Unguentum Fuscum (Ung. Fusc.), Brown Ointment, N.F._ (Unguentum Matris, Mother's Salve).--Camphorated brown plaster (50%) olive oil and prepared suet.

=Camphora Monobromata (Camph. Monobrom.), Monobromated Camphor, U.S.P.=

Colorless crystals or white powder, with a mild camphoraceous odor
and taste. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5); almost insoluble in
water.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly recommended as a sedative
and hypnotic but now seldom used. Value doubtful.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

=Canella (Canell.), Canella, N.F.=--A bark.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete aromatic bitter, without
advantage over gentian.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)

=Cannabis (Cannab.), Cannabis, U.S.P.= (Cannabis Indica, U.S.P. VIII).--Flowering tops of _Cannabis sativa_ (or var. _indica_).

ACTION AND USES: A narcotic poison, producing a mild
delirium. Used in sedative mixtures, but of doubtful value.
Also employed to color corn remedies.

_Extractum Cannabis (Ext. Cannab.), Extract of Cannabis, U.S.P._--Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe extract of cannabis should specify the
biologically assayed preparation.

_Fluidextractum Cannabis (Fldext. Cannab.), Fluidextract of Cannabis, U.S.P._--Cannabis (100%). Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe fluidextract of cannabis should specify the
biologically assayed preparation.

_Tinctura Cannabis (Tr. Cannab.), Tincture of Cannabis, U.S.P._ (Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, U.S.P. VIII).--Cannabis (10%) in alcohol. Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). Those physicians
who prescribe tincture of cannabis should specify
the biologically assayed preparation.

=*Cantharis (Canthar.), Cantharides, U.S.P.= (Spanish Flies, Russian Flies).--A beetle.

ACTION AND USES: Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.
Internally, genito-urinary irritant, often producing serious
nephritis. Its internal use is probably never justified.

_*Ceratum Cantharidis (Cerat. Canthar.), Cantharides Cerate, U.S.P._ (Blistering Cerate).--Cantharides (35%) with turpentine, glacial acetic acid, yellow wax, rosin and benzoinated lard.

_Collodium Cantharidatum (Collod. Canth.), Cantharidal Collodion, U.S.P._ (Blistering Collodion, Vesicating Collodion).--The glacial acetic acid acetone extract from cantharides (60%) in flexible collodion.

_Emplastrum Cantharidis (Emp. Canthar.), Cantharides Plaster, U.S.P._--Cantharides cerate spread on rosin plaster. Each square centimeter of spread plaster contains 0.1 Gm. of cantharides cerate.

USES: Convenient form for applying cantharides as a
vesicant. Requires from six to eight hours to produce a
blister. May produce poisoning by absorption through the
skin.

_*Tinctura Cantharidis (Tr. Canthar.), Tincture of Cantharides, U.S.P._ (Cantharidis Tinctura P.I.).--Cantharides (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

=*Capsicum (Capsic.), Capsicum, U.S.P.= (Cayenne Pepper, African Chillies).--Fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative and rubefacient; also
stomachic, especially in alcoholic gastritis (as the tincture).

_Emplastrum Capsici (Emp. Capsic.), Capsicum Plaster, U.S.P._--Oleoresin of capsicum spread on rubber plaster. Each 15 square cm. of spread plaster contains 0.25 Gm. of oleoresin of capsicum.

_Oleoresina Capsici (Oleores. Capsic.), Oleoresin of Capsicum, U.S.P._--Highly irritant.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Capsici (Tr. Capsic.), Tincture of Capsicum, U.S.P._--Capsicum (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 88 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Capsici et Myrrhae (Tr. Capsic. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Capsicum and Myrrh, N.F._ (Hot Drops, Thomsonian Number Six.)--Capsicum (3%) and myrrh (12%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Caramel (Caram.), Caramel, N.F.= (Saccharum Ustum, Burnt Sugar Coloring).

A dark brown, syrupy, somewhat bitter liquid. Soluble in water and
in diluted alcohol; insoluble in 80 per cent. alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy as a brown
coloring agent.

_Tinctura Caramellis, Tincture of Caramel, N.F._--Caramel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

=*Carbo Ligni (Carbo Lig.), Wood Charcoal, U.S.P.= (Charcoal).--Powdered wood charcoal.

ACTION AND USES: Absorbent of gases and dissolved substances.
Used internally against digestive disorders and
vegetable poisons but of doubtful value. Locally employed
as a deodorant, for fetid ulcers, usually in the form of
a poultice.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, in powder or suspension.

_Trochisci Carbonis Ligni (Troch. Carb. Lig.), Troches of Charcoal, N.F._--Charcoal with tragacanth, sugar and vanillin.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=*Cardamomi Semen (Cardam. Sem.), Cardamom Seed, U.S.P.= (Cardamomum, U.S.P. VIII).

ACTION AND USES: Used as flavor and carminative. Frequently
added to purgatives, as in the compound extract
of colocynth, with the object of diminishing griping.

_*Tinctura Cardamomi (Tr. Cardam.), Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P._--Cardamom seed (15%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Cardamomi Composita (Tr. Cardamom. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cardamom, U.S.P._--Cardamom seed, Saigon cinnamon, caraway and cochineal in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=Carminum (Carmin.), Carmine, N.F.=--From cochineal.

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy as a red coloring
agent.

_Liquor Carmini (Liq. Carmin.), Solution of Carmine, N.F._--Carmine in ammonia water, glycerin and water.

=Caro, Beef.=

_Extractum Carnis (Ext. Carnis), Extract of Beef, N.F._ (Beef Extract).--Residue from evaporation of beef broth.

ACTION AND USES: Stimulant and flavor; not a nutrient
tonic, as was believed at one time. The "wines" are without
real value and can easily be misused as beverages.

_Vinum Carnis (Vin. Carn.), Wine of Beef, N.F._ (Beef and Wine).--Extract of beef (3%) in water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Vinum Carnis et Ferri (Vin. Carn. et Ferr.), Wine of Beef and Iron, N.F._ (Beef, Wine and Iron).--Extract of beef (3%), iron and ammonium citrate, water, syrup, alcohol, compound spirit of orange and sherry wine.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Carum (Carum), Caraway, U.S.P.= (Carawayseed).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative. Similar to
anise and fennel.

=*Caryophyllus (Caryoph.), Clove, U.S.P.= (Cloves).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and counterirritant.

_Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens (Pulv. Arom. Rubefac.), Rubefacient Spice Powder, N.F._ (Replacing Emplastrum Aromaticum, N.F. III).--Clove, Saigon cinnamon, ginger and capsicum.

=*Cascara Sagrada (Case. Sagr.), Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P.= (Rhamnus Purshiana, U.S.P. VIII).--A bark.

ACTION AND USES: Laxative, acting mainly on the colon.
Widely used for habitual constipation. Has little tendency
to produce secondary constipation.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cascarae Sagradae (Elix. Cascar. Sagr.), Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._ (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae, N.F. III).--Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (50%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Cascarae Sagradae Compositum (Elix. Cascar. Sagr. Co.), Compound Elixir of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._ (Elixir Rhamni Purshianae Co., N.F. III, Laxative Elixir).--Aromatic fluidextract of cascara sagrada (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (7.5%), fluidextract of juglans (6.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 24 per cent.

USES: Needlessly complicated laxative.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Extractum Cascarae Sagradae (Ext. Cascar. Sagr.), Extract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P._ (Extractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII, Powdered Extract of Cascara Sagrada).--One Gm. extract represents 3 Gm. cascara sagrada.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P._ (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae, U.S.P. VIII).--Cascara sagrada (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Bitter, unpleasant taste.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Fluidextractum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldext. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada, U.S.P._ (Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum, U.S.P. VIII).--Sweetened and flavored fluidextract. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent. Not so bitter, but less effective than the plain fluidextract.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr.), Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._--Cascara sagrada (100%) in water and glycerin.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Fluidglyceratum Cascarae Sagradae Aromaticum (Fldglycer. Cascar. Sagr. Arom.), Aromatic Fluidglycerate of Cascara Sagrada, N.F._--Cascara sagrada (75%) and fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) with oils of fennel, clove and cinnamon, in water and glycerin.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Cascarilla (Cascarill.), Cascarilla, N.F.= (Sweetwood Bark, Sweet Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic bitter, without advantage
over gentian.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)

=Cassia Fistula (Cass. Fist.), Cassia Fistula, N.F.= (Purging Cassia).--Dried fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete laxative, without advantage
over senna.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.)

=Castanea (Castan.), Castanea, N.F.= (Chestnut Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Astringent; no definite indications
for its use.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Castaneae (Fldext. Castan.), Fluidextract of Chestnut Leaves, N.F._--Chestnut leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=CATAPLASMATA, POULTICES.=--Poultices are soft solid preparations used for the purpose of applying heat and moisture to localized areas of the body. Poultices may also be made the means of applying counterirritant drugs.

=Cataria (Catar.), Catnep, N.F.= (Catmint).--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative, without advantage
over peppermint.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Catariae (Fldext. Catar.), Fluidextract of Catnep, N.F._--Catnep (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Caulophyllum (Caulophyl.), Caulophyllum, N.F.= (Blue Cohosh, Papoose Root, Squaw Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Said to be diuretic and emmenagogue;
has not been adequately studied.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Caulophylli (Fldext. Caulophyl.), Fluidextract of Caulophyllum, N.F._--Caulophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

=Centaurium (Centaur.), Centaury, N.F.=--Flowering plant.

ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic; without advantage
over gentian. Also used in "female remedies," but probably
useless.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

=*Cera Alba (Cer. Alb.), White Wax, U.S.P.=--Yellow wax bleached.

ACTION AND USES: Used in the preparation of emollient
ointments, and to raise the melting point of mixtures of
oils and fats.

_Ceratum (Cerat.), Cerate, U.S.P._ (Simple Cerate).--White wax (30%) and benzoinated lard.

=*Cera Flava (Cer. Flav.), Yellow Wax, U.S.P.= (Beeswax).

ACTION AND USES: Used in the making of plasters and
of ointments in which the color is not objectionable.

=CERATAE, CERATES.=--Cerates are solid ointment-like preparations containing wax to prevent them from becoming soft at ordinary room temperature.

=Cerevisiae Fermentum Compressum (Cerev. Ferm. Compr.), Compressed Yeast, N.F.=--The commercial compressed yeast.

ACTION AND USES: For use in making fermented milk
(Lac Fermentatum), which see under =Lac Vaccinum=.

=Cerii Oxalas (Cerii Oxal.), Cerium Oxalate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of the oxalates of cerium, didymium, lanthanum, and other associated elements.

White or pinkish, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water,
alcohol and ether.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used for the treatment of
chronic vomiting but probably without value.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.), in powders,
cachets or capsules.

=Cetaceum (Cetac.), Spermaceti, U.S.P.=--A solid fat from the sperm whale.

White, nearly odorless, unctuous masses, with a bland, mild taste.
Insoluble in water and nearly insoluble in cold alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a component of cerates and
cold creams.

=CHARTAE, PAPERS.=--Papers are pieces of unsized paper saturated with or pieces of hard-surfaced papers coated with a medicinal substance.

=Chimaphila (Chimaph.), Chimaphila, N.F.= (Pipsissewa).--Leaves.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete; no definite indications for
its use. Has been described as "tonic, astringent, diuretic."

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Chimaphilae (Fldext. Chimaphil.), Fluidextract of Chimaphila, N.F._--Chimaphila (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Chionanthus (Chionanth.), Chionanthus, N.F.= (Fringe Tree Bark).--Bark of the root.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete; no definite indications for
its use. Formerly used by eclectics and homeopaths in
hepatic disorders and syphilis.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Chionanthi (Fldext. Chionanth.), Fluidextract of Chionanthus, N.F._--Chionanthus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)

=Chirata (Chirat.), Chirata, N.F.= (Chiretta).--Plant.

ACTION AND USES: Bitter stomachic, similar to and without
advantage over gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Chiratae (Fldext. Chirat.), Fluidextract of Chirata, N.F._--Chirata (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Chloral Camphoratum (Chloral Camph.), Camphorated Chloral, N.F.=--Equal parts of hydrated chloral and camphor.

An oily liquid with a camphoraceous odor.

ACTION AND USES: Local rubefacient and analgesic

=*Chloralum Hydratum (Chloral. Hydrat.), Hydrated Chloral, U.S.P.= ("Chloral," Chloral Hydrate).--CCl{3}.CHO + H{2}O.

Colorless, transparent crystals, with an aromatic, penetrating odor
and a bitterish, caustic taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.25) and
in alcohol (1:1.3).

ACTION AND USES: A reliable hypnotic in moderate
doses, inducing a condition closely resembling that of
normal sleep. Used for the relief of insomnia and nervousness,
and for the control of convulsions and spasms.
Should be used with special caution in cases of weakened
heart or blood vessels. Continued use is likely to produce
a habit.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
Decomposed by alkalies; should not be dispensed in liquids
containing both bromides and alcohol.

_Mistura Chloralis et Potassii Bromidi Composita (Mist. Chloral. et Pot. Brom. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloral and Potassium Bromide, N.F._ (Chloral and Bromide Compound).--Hydrated chloral (20%), potassium bromide (20%), extract of hyoscyamus (0.2%) in water. The formula calls for cannabis but this is filtered out.

USES: Similar in composition to the widely advertised
nostrum Bromidia and equally irrational and objectionable.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Chloroformum (Chlorof.), Chloroform, U.S.P.=--CHCl{3}.

A clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a burning,
sweet taste. Slightly soluble (1:210) in water and miscible with
alcohol, ether, petroleum benzin or fixed or volatile oils.
Decomposed by alkalies.

ACTION AND USES: General anesthetic, administered by
inhalation. Locally, a penetrating and fairly powerful
irritant. Frequently used in the form of liniments. Taken
by mouth in small doses, carminative, anodyne and antiseptic.
Larger doses are anthelmintic but dangerous. A
direct cardiac depressant.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.), diluted.

_*Aqua Chloroformi (Aq. Chlorof.), Chloroform Water, U.S.P._--A saturated solution of chloroform in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_*Linimentum Chloroformi (Lin. Chlorof.), Chloroform Liniment, U.S.P._--A mixture of chloroform (30%) and soap liniment. Fairly active counterirritant.

_Mistura Chloroformi et Morphinae Composita (Mist. Chlorof. et Morph. Co.), Compound Mixture of Chloroform and Morphine, N.F._ (Mistura Chloroformi et Cannabis Indicae Composita, N.F. III, Chloroform Anodyne).--Morphine sulphate (0.25%), chloroform (12.5%), ether (3.25%), tincture of cannabis (18.5%), tincture of capsicum, oil of peppermint, glycerin, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

USES: An evident imitation of the nostrum sold as
chloranodyne, and equally irrational and objectionable.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Petroxolinum Chloroformi Camphoratum (Petrox. Chlorof. Camph.), Camphorated Chloroform Petroxolin, N.F._ (Camphor and Chloroform Petrox).--Chloroform (25%), camphor (25%) and liquid petroxolin.

_*Spiritus Chloroformi (Sp. Chlorof.), Spirit of Chloroform, U.S.P._--Chloroform (6%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Chlorum, Chlorine.=--Cl.

_Liquor Chlori Compositus (Liq. Chlor. Co.), Compound Solution of Chlorine, N.F._ (Chlorine Water).--A solution containing chlorine, oxides of chlorine and hydrochloric acid made by treating potassium chlorate with hydrochloric acid and dissolving the gases produced in water.

USES: Antiseptic.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Chondrus (Chondrus), Chondrus, U.S.P.= (Irish Moss, Carrageen).--Plant.

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent and lubricant, possessing
no advantages over other gums, acacia, for instance.

_Gelatinum Chondri (Gelat. Chondr.), Chondrus Gelatin, N.F._ (Irish Moss Gelatin).--Obtained by extraction with hot water and evaporation to semifluid consistency.

_Mucilago Chondri (Mucil. Chondr.), Mucilage of Chondrus, N.F._ (Mucilage of Irish Moss).--Chondrus (3%) in water.

=*Chromii Trioxidum (Chrom. Triox.), Chromium Trioxide, U.S.P.= ("Chromic Acid," Chromic Anhydride).--CrO{3}.

Dark purplish-red, odorless, deliquescent crystals. Very soluble in
water (1:0.6). Decomposes, sometimes with dangerous violence, when
brought into contact with organic solvents like alcohol and
glycerin. Incompatible with most organic substances.

ACTION AND USES: A powerful oxidizing agent and
caustic. Its action is somewhat difficult to control.

=*Chrysarobinum (Chrysarob.), Chrysarobin, U.S.P.=--Neutral principles from Goa powder.

Brownish to orange-yellow, tasteless, odorless powder, irritating
to the mucous membrane. Slightly soluble in alcohol (1:385),
soluble in chloroform (1:12.5) and very slightly soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and antiparasitic; a powerful
irritant to the skin, used chiefly in the treatment of
psoriasis, trichophytosis and alopecia areata.

_*Unguentum Chrysarobini (Ung. Chrysarobin.), Chrysarobin Ointment, U.S.P._--Chrysarobin (6%) in benzoinated lard.

=Cimicifuga (Cimicif.), Cimicifuga, U.S.P.= (Black Snake-root, Black Cohosh, Macrotys).--A rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: One of the class of "domestic medicines"
that were tried for a great variety of conditions
(used as "stomachic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic,
diuretic and expectorant"), but which have not been
found to possess definite value.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Cimicifugae (Ext. Cimicif.), Extract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Cimicifuga).--One Gm. extract represents 4 Gm. cimicifuga.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Cimicifuga (Fldext. Cimicif.), Fluidextract of Cimicifuga, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Black Cohosh, Fluidextract of Black Snakeroot).--Cimicifuga (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).