Chapter VI: Part 6

DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.). Not used as
such.

_Extractum Physostigmatis (Ext. Physostig.), Extract of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Physostigma).--One Gm. extract represents about 13 Gm. of physostigma. Yields about 2 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Physostigmatis (Tr. Physostig.), Tincture of Physostigma, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Calabar Bean).--Physostigma (10%), yielding about 0.015 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Physostigminae Salicylas (Physostig. Salicyl.), Physostigmine Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Eserine Salicylate).

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless crystals. Soluble in water
(1:75) and in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Stimulant of parasympathetic nerve
endings. Used especially as a powerful miotic, particularly
in glaucoma, sometimes internally against ileus or intestinal
paresis.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.).
Externally, solutions (should be freshly prepared) from
0.1 to 1 per cent.

=Phytolacca (Phytolac.), Phytolacca, N.F.= (Poke Root).

ACTION AND USES: Unreliable irritant, emetic, cathartic
and "alterative."

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.); alterative,
0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Phytolaccae (Fldext. Phytolac.), Fluidextract of Phytolacca, N.F._--Phytolacca (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.); alterative,
0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

=*Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum (Pilocarpin. Hydrochl.), Pilocarpine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Pilocarpine Chloride).

Colorless, odorless crystals with a faintly bitter taste. Very
soluble in water (1:0.3) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Used especially to increase sweat and
other secretions, also as miotic. Must be used with caution
when the circulation is weak.

DOSAGE: By mouth 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.);
hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Best
administered by hypodermic injection.

=*Pilocarpinae Nitras (Pilocarpin. Nit.), Pilocarpine Nitrate, U.S.P.=

Shining, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:4) and
soluble in alcohol (1:75).

ACTION AND USES: Has no advantage over pilocarpine
hydrochloride.

DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.);
hypodermic, 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.).

=Pilocarpus (Pilocarp.), Pilocarpus, U.S.P.= (Jaborandi).--Leaves, yielding 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly pilocarpine).

ACTION AND USES: See Pilocarpine.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

_Fluidextractum Pilocarpi (Fldext. Pilocarp.), Fluidextract of Pilocarpus, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Jaborandi).--Pilocarpus (100%), yielding about 0.6 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=PILULAE, PILLS.=--Pills are dosage forms of medicinal substances intended for administration by the mouth. For the official pills see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Pilulae ad Prandium see under =Aloe=; for Pilulae Antidyspepticae, under =Strychnina=; for Pilulae Antimonii Compositae, under =Antimonium Sulphuratum=; for Pilulae Antiperiodicae and Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe, under =Quininae Sulphas=; for Pilulae Catharticae Compositae, Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles and Pilulae Laxativae Post Partum, under =Colocynthis=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Aloes et Nucis Vomicae, under =Ferri Sulphas=; for Pilulae Ferri, Quininae Strychninae et Arseni Fortiores and Pilulae Ferri, Quininae, Strychninae et Arseni Mites, under =Ferri Reductum=; for Pilulae Laxativae Compositae, under =Aloinum=.

=Pimenta (Piment.), Pimenta, N.F.= (Pimento, Allspice).--Nearly ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic; stomachic; has no advantage
over cardamom.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Pimpinella (Pimpinell.), Pimpinella, N.F.= (Pimpernel Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as a diuretic, diaphoretic
and stomachic. Now obsolete; no definite indications
for its use.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

_Tinctura Pimpinellae (Tr. Pimpinel.), Tincture of Pimpinella, N.F._--Pimpinella (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Pinus Alba (Pinus Alb.), White Pine Bark, N.F.=--Inner bark.

ACTION AND USES: Used as "expectorant" in proprietary
cough syrups. Of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains.

_Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus (Syr. Pin. Strob. Co.), Compound Syrup of White Pine, N.F._--White pine bark and wild cherry (each 8.5%), aralia (1%), balsam poplar buds (1%), sanguinaria (0.8%), sassafras (0.7%) and chloroform (0.6%) in glycerin, alcohol and syrup, colored with cudbear and flavored with oil of sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina._--See under =Morphinae Sulphas=.

=Piper (Piper), Pepper, U.S.P.= (Black Pepper).

ACTION AND USES: Sometimes used as carminative,
generally in the form of the oleoresin, which is highly
irritant.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Oleoresina Piperis (Oleores. Piper.), Oleoresin of Pepper, U.S.P._

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Pix Liquida (Pix Liq.), Tar, U.S.P.= (Pine Tar).--Obtained by the destructive distillation of pine wood.

A semiliquid viscid blackish-brown substance, with an empyreumatic
odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally, as antiseptic and stimulant
in chronic diseases of the skin associated with thickening
and scaling. Internally, as irritant expectorant in subacute
bronchitis.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) as
syrup. Externally, in ointment, at first from 2 to 4 per
cent., later in higher strength.

_Glyceritum Picis Liquidae (Glycer. Pic. Liq.), Glycerite of Tar, N.F._--Tar (6.3%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Picis Alkalinus (Liq. Pic. Alk.), Alkaline Solution of Tar, N.F._--Tar (25%), in potassium hydroxide (12.5%), and water.

_Syrupus Picis Liquidae (Syr. Pic. Liq.), Syrup of Tar, U.S.P._--Tar (0.5%) in alcohol, mixed with syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_*Unguentum Picis Liquidae (Ung. Pic. Liq.), Tar Ointment, U.S.P._--Tar (50%), yellow wax and lard.

_Vinum Picis (Vin. Pic.), Wine of Tar, N.F._--Tar (10%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 29 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Pix Lithanthracis (Pix Lith.), Coal Tar, N.F.= (Pix Carbonis).--Obtained by the destructive distillation of coal.

Nearly black semisolid, with a characteristic naphthalene-like odor
and a sharp, burning taste. Only slightly soluble in water;
partially dissolved by alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and irritant; used in skin
diseases in the form of:

_Liquor Picis Carbonis (Liq. Pic. Carbon.), Coal Tar Solution, N.F._--Coal tar (20%), quillaja and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

=*Plumbi Acetas (Plumb. Acet.), Lead Acetate, U.S.P.= (Sugar of Lead).--Pb(CH{3}COO){2} + 3H{2}O.

Colorless, shining transparent crystals or heavy white crystalline
masses, efflorescent, with a faint vinegar odor and a sweetish,
astringent, afterward metallic taste. Freely soluble in water
(1:1.4) and soluble in alcohol (1:38).

ACTION AND USES: Seldom used internally for fear of
lead poisoning. Externally, used as astringent lotion.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Lotio Plumbi et Opii (Lot. Plumb. et Opii), Lotion of Lead and Opium, N.F._ (Lead and Opium Wash).--A mixture of lead acetate (1.75%) and tincture of opium (3.5%) in water.

USES: A popular but irrational application, astringent
and protective, but not a true anesthetic. The opium alkaloids
are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through
the unbroken skin.

=Plumbi Carbonas (Plumb. Carb.), Lead Carbonate, N.F.= (White Lead).--A mixture of lead carbonate and hydroxide.

Heavy, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in alcohol or
water.

ACTION AND USES: External protective and astringent,
without marked advantage over zinc oxide or the bismuth
preparations, but involving some danger of lead poisoning.

=Plumbi Iodidum (Plumb. Iod.), Lead Iodide, N.F.=--PbI{2}.

Heavy, bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Very slightly
soluble in water (1:1,300), and in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Has been used externally in the form
of an ointment for application to glandular enlargement
and for chronic joint enlargement. Its use is irrational.

_Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi (Ung. Plumb. Iod.), Ointment of Lead Iodide, N.F._--Lead iodide (10%), and benzoinated lard.

=Plumbi Oxidum (Plumb. Oxid.), Lead Oxide, U.S.P.= (Litharge).--PbO.

Heavy yellowish or reddish-yellow, odorless and tasteless powder or
minute scales. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used to make pharmaceutical
preparations.

_Emplastrum Plumbi (Emp. Plumb.), Lead Plaster, U.S.P._ (Diachylon Plaster).--Lead oleate obtained by heating a mixture of lead oxide, olive oil and lard.

USES: Used in plaster masses and as a basis for
diachylon ointment.

_Unguentum Diachylon (Ung. Diachyl.), Diachylon Ointment, U.S.P._--Lead plaster (50%), oil of lavender and white petrolatum.

=Plumbi Oxidum Rubrum (Plumb. Oxid. Rub.), Red Oxide of Lead, N.F.= (Red Lead).--Chiefly Pb{3}O{4}.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless red powder. Almost insoluble in water;
insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of =Plumbi Carbonas=.

=Plumbi Subacetas, Lead Subacetate.=

ACTION AND USES: Astringent; used externally in the
form of the following preparations:

_Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis (Cerat. Plumb. Subacet.), Cerate of Lead Subacetate, N.F._ (Goulard's Cerate).--A mixture of solution of lead subacetate (20%), camphor (2%), wool fat, white wax, and white petrolatum.

_*Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (Liq. Plumb. Subacet.), Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P._ (Goulard's Extract).--Contains lead subacetate corresponding to about 18 per cent. of lead, Pb.

_Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus (Liq. Plumb. Subacet. Dil.), Diluted Solution of Lead Subacetate, U.S.P._ (Lead Water).--Solution of lead subacetate (4%) with water.

=*Podophyllum (Podoph.), Podophyllum, U.S.P.= (Mandrake, May Apple Rhizome).--Yields not less than 3 per cent. of resin.

ACTION AND USES: See the resin, below.

_Extractum Podophyllum (Ext. Podophyl.), Extract of Podophyllum, N.F._--A hydro-alcoholic extract.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Podophylli (Fldext. Podophyll.), Fluidextract of Podophyllum, U.S.P._--Podophyllum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Resina Podophylli (Res. Podoph.), Resin of Podophyllum, U.S.P._ (Podophyllin).--The resin from podophyllum.

USES: Slow but effective and rather irritant cathartic.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

=Populi Gemmae (Pop. Gem.), Balsam Poplar Buds, N.F.= (Balm of Gilead Buds).

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage
over cubeb or turpentine. Used almost exclusively in proprietary
medicines and imitations.

=Potassae Chlorinata, Chlorinated Potassa.=

_Liquor Potassae Chlorinatae (Liq. Pot. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Potassa, N.F._ (Liquor Potassae Chlorate, Javelle Water).--Potassium carbonate (5.8%), chlorinated lime (8%) and water.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of Liquor Sodae
Chlorinatae, which see under =Soda Chlorinata=.

=Potassa Sulphurata (Pot. Sulphurat.), Sulphurated Potassa, U.S.P.= (Liver of Sulphur).--Chiefly potassium polysulphides and potassium thiosulphate.

Irregular pieces, at first liver-brown, later greenish-yellow to
gray, with a strong hydrogen sulphide odor and a bitter, acrid,
alkaline taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves only the
sulphides. Incompatible with acids and the salts of the heavy
metals.

ACTION AND USES: Employed as a parasiticide and to
stimulate and soften the skin in chronic cutaneous diseases.

=*Potassii Acetas (Pot. Acet.), Potassium Acetate, U.S.P.=--KCH{3}COO.

White, odorless or nearly odorless powder or crystalline masses
with a warming, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.5) and
in alcohol (1:2.9).

ACTION AND USES: Systemic alkali and diuretic, practically
equivalent to sodium acetate. It can easily be administered
in water and milk, so that there appears to be little
excuse for the alcoholic elixirs.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Potassii Acetatis et Juniperi (Elix. Pot. Acet. et Junip.), Elixir of Potassium Acetate and Juniper, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%), fluidextract of juniper (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Potassii Arsenas, Potassium Arsenate.=

_Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens (Liq. Ars. Clemens), Clemens' Solution of Arsenic, N.F._ (Liquor Potassi Arsenatis et Bromidi, N.F. III, Solution of Potassium Arsenate and Bromides).--Contains potassium arsenate corresponding to about 1 per cent. of arsenic trioxide, As{2}O{3}.

USES: A superfluous arsenic solution.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.).

=Potassii Arsenis, Potassium Arsenite.=

_*Liquor Potassii Arsenitis (Liq. Pot. Arsen.), Solution of Potassium Arsenite, U.S.P._ (Fowler's Solution, Liquor Arsenicalis, Liquor Arsenicalis Fowleri, P.I.).--Arsenic trioxide (1%) and potassium bicarbonate (2%) in compound tincture of lavender and water. Contains potassium arsenite corresponding to 1 per cent. of As{2}O{3}.

USES: The most frequently used inorganic arsenical
preparation. It has an alkaline reaction and therefore
tends to precipitate alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Bicarbonas (Pot. Bicarb.), Potassium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.=--KHCO{3}.

Colorless, transparent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless
and having a saline, slightly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in
water (1:2.8) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Mild alkali; similar to sodium bicarbonate,
but without advantage over the latter.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus (Liq. Antisept. Alk.), Alkaline Antiseptic Solution, N.F._--Potassium bicarbonate (3.2%), sodium borate (3.2%) and sodium benzoate (0.8%) with thymol, eucalyptol, oil of peppermint, methyl salicylate and cudbear in alcohol, glycerin and water.

USES: Of slight value as antiseptic, but a pleasant
cleansing gargle.

=*Potassi Bitartras (Pot. Bitart.), Potassium Bitartrate, U.S.P.= (Cream of Tartar).

Colorless, slightly opaque crystals or white, somewhat gritty
powder, odorless and having an acidulous taste. Only slightly
soluble in water (1:155) and very slightly soluble in alcohol
(1:8,820).

ACTION AND USES: Diuretic and aperient. Frequently
administered in combination with jalap as a hydragogue
cathartic. See _Pulvis Jalapae Compositus_ under =Jalapa=.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Bromidum (Pot. Brom.), Potassium Bromide, U.S.P.=--KBr.

White crystals or granular powder, odorless and having a strongly
saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5); slightly soluble in
alcohol (1:250).

ACTION AND USES: Nerve sedative; diminishes reflex
excitability and depresses the motor area of the cortex.
Similar to sodium bromide, but more likely to disturb
digestion.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.); preferably
administered by itself in simple dilute solutions; increased
if necessary. Long-continued administration should be
interrupted occasionally to prevent bromism and accumulation
in the system.

_Elixir Potassii Bromidi (Elix. Pot. Brom.), Elixir of Potassium Bromide, N.F._--Potassium bromide (17.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir; may be colored with compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F._ (Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens, N.F. III).--Potassium bromide (16.6%), sodium bicarbonate (53%), tartaric acid (20.4%) and citric acid, the last-named three yielding sodium citrate and sodium carbonate.

DOSAGE: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms.

_Sal Potassii Bromidi Effervescens Compositus (Sal Pot. Brom. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescent Salt of Potassium Bromide, N.F._ (Pulvis Potassii Bromidi Effervescens cum Caffeina, N.F. III, Effervescent Potassium Bromide with Caffeine).--Caffeine (0.8%) and potassium bromide (8.3%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (58.7%), lithium carbonate (4.2%), tartaric acid (18%) and citric acid. (Yielding citrate and tartrate of lithium and sodium.)

USES: "Headache" mixture; generally undesirable.

DOSAGE: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

_Syrupus Bromidorum (Syr. Bromidor.), Syrup of the Bromides, N.F._--Potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), ammonium bromide (5%), calcium bromide (2.5%), lithium bromide (0.8%) flavored with tincture of vanilla and colored with compound tincture of cudbear in compound syrup of sarsaparilla and syrup.

USES: It is very improbable that this complex mixture
has any advantage over a simple bromide.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Potassii Carbonas (Pot. Carb.), Potassium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--K{2}CO{3}. (A hydrated form is sold as salt of tartar).

White, odorless, deliquescent granular powder with a strongly
alkaline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9), but insoluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Strongly alkaline and caustic; very
dilute solutions sometimes used as antacid.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Chloras (Pot. Chloras), Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P.=--KClO{3}.

Colorless, lustrous crystals or white, granular powder, odorless
and having a saline taste. Soluble in water (1:11.5) and almost
insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as mouthwash and gargles in
stomatitis, etc. Large doses are actively poisonous, causing
disintegration of the blood corpuscles. Has been used in
the form of gargle and troches for sore throat (swallowing
the latter may be dangerous).

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Potassii Chloratis (Troch. Pot. Chlorat.), Troches of Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P._--Each troche contains potassium chlorate (0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) with sugar and tragacanth.

=Potassii Chloridum (Pot. Chlorid.), Potassium Chloride, N.F.=--KCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended for use as
table salt in place of sodium chloride, in cases in which the
absorption of salt was thought to be undesirable. Its value
is not established.

=*Potassii Citras (Pot. Cit.), Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.=

Transparent crystals or white, granular powder; odorless and having
a cooling saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and almost
insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Systemic alkali and diuretic like
potassium acetate, but more laxative.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Potassii Citras Effervescens (Pot. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Potassium Citrate, U.S.P._--An effervescent mixture representing potassium citrate (20%), sodium citrate (27.55%) and sodium tartrate (38.7%).

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Potassii Citratis (Liq. Pot. Cit.), Solution of Potassium Citrate, U.S.P._--Potassium citrate (8%) in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Pot. et Sod. Tart.), Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, U.S.P.= (Rochelle Salt).

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a
cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9).

ACTION AND USES: Saline cathartic, of relatively unobjectionable
taste.

DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.) in water.

_*Pulvis Effervescens Compositus (Pulv. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescing Powder, U.S.P._ (Seidlitz Powder).--The blue paper contains sodium bicarbonate (2.5 Gm.) and potassium and sodium tartrate (7.5 Gm.). The white paper contains tartaric acid (2.16 Gm.).

DOSAGE: 1 set of two powders (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Hydroxidum (Pot. Hydrox.), Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P.= (Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydrate).--KOH (not less than 85%).

Dry white or nearly white, odorless, deliquescent, hard and brittle
flakes, masses or sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely
soluble in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Internally, an antacid, but objectionable
for it is more irritant than the bicarbonate and
without advantage over the latter. Externally, caustic and
solvent, but too diffluent.

_*Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi (Liq. Pot. Hydrox.), Solution of Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P._ (Liquor Potassae, Solution of Potassa).--KOH (not less than 4.5%).

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Potassa cum Calce (Pot. c. Calc.), Potassa with Lime, N.F._--Potassium hydroxide (50%) and calcium oxide.

USES: Caustic.

=Potassii Hypophosphis (Pot. Hypophos.), Potassium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.=--KH{2}PO{2}. (Caution should be observed in handling this product to avoid explosion.)

White, opaque deliquescent plates, crystalline masses or granular
powder, odorless and having a pungent, saline taste. Very soluble
in water (1:0.6) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9).

ACTION AND USES: Introduced in common with other
hypophosphites as a cure for tuberculosis; since used as
"nerve-foods." There is no proof that the hypophosphites
exert any physiologic effect, influence any pathologic process,
or have any food value.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Iodidum (Pot. Iod.), Potassium Iodide, U.S.P.=--KI.

Transparent, translucent or opaque crystals or white granular
powder, with a pungent, saline, afterward bitter taste. Very
soluble in water (1:0.7) and soluble in alcohol (1:22).
Incompatible with mineral acids and oxidizing agents and should
not be prescribed in solution with alkaloids or alkaloid-containing
drugs.

ACTION AND USES: Saline expectorant, especially in
asthma and chronic bronchitis; diuretic; antisyphilitic;
"alterative" in rheumatic conditions, sclerosis, etc.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); best administered
in simple solution and well diluted; in lues the dose
should be gradually increased to the limit of tolerance.

_Unguentum Potassii Iodidi (Ung. Pot. Iod.), Ointment of Potassium Iodide, N.F._--Potassium iodide (10%), sodium thiosulphate (1%), water and benzoinated lard.

USES: An irrational method of administering potassium
iodide, as none of the drug is absorbed through the skin.

=Potassi Nitras (Pot. Nitras), Potassium Nitrate, U.S.P.= (Saltpetre).--KNO{3}.

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling
saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and slightly soluble
in alcohol (1:620).

ACTION AND USES: Diuretic, irritant to kidneys and
intestines; has largely gone out of use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Charta Potassii Nitratis (Chart. Pot. Nit.), Potassium Nitrate Paper, N.F._--Paper impregnated with potassium nitrate.

USES: The smoke is inhaled in asthma, but is not very
effective.

=*Potassii Permanganas (Pot. Permang.), Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P.=--KMnO{4}.

Slender, dark purple odorless crystals, with a taste (in solution)
at first sweet, afterward disagreeable and astringent. Soluble in
water (1:13.5), forming violet-red to rose-colored solutions which
stain the fingers and clothes. Decomposed by alcohol and glycerin.
Should not be brought into contact with organic or other readily
oxidizable substances.

ACTION AND USES: Effective deodorant, disinfectant and
astringent. Internally as emmenagogue, probably useless.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), usually in pills.
For application to the skin, 1:500 solution.

=Potassii Sulphas (Pot. Sulph.), Potassium Sulphate, N.F.=--K{2}SO{4}.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline,
somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble
in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Saline purgative closely resembling
sodium sulphate in its action, but without advantage over
the latter.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Prunum (Prunum), Prune, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: One of the ingredients in confection
of senna but seldom used in medicine apart from this.

=*Prunus Virginiana (Prun. Virg.), Wild Cherry, U.S.P.= (Wild Black Cherry Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Sedative expectorant, mainly used as
flavor.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae (Fldext. Prun. Virg.), Fluidextract of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Infusum Pruni Virginianae (Inf. Prun. Virg.), Infusion of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (4%), in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 60 Cc. or 2 fluidounces (N.F.).

_*Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (Syr. Prun. Virg.), Syrup of Wild Cherry, U.S.P._--Wild cherry bark (15%), in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Vinum Pruni Virginianae (Vin. Prun. Virg.), Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (25%) in water, alcohol, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Vinum Pruni Virginianae Ferratum (Vin. Prun. Virg. Ferr.), Ferrated Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Tincture of ferric citrochloride (8%) in wine of wild cherry. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: Superfluous "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Pulsatilla (Pulsatil.), Pulsatilla, N.F.= (Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone).--The plant.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as an alterative,
sedative and antispasmodic. Has been used in syphilis
with undoubted harmful results because of its inefficiency.
Its use is fortunately decreasing.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Pulsatillae (Tr. Pulsatil.), Tincture of Pulsatilla, N.F._--Pulsatilla (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=PULVERES, POWDERS.=--The official powders are mixtures of several substances in powdered form. For the preparations now official see under the names of the principal constituents. For Pulvis Antimonialis, see under =Antimonii Oxidum=; for Pulvis Antisepticus, see under =Zinci Sulphas=; for Pulvis Aromaticus and Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, under =Cinnamomum Saigonicum=; for Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens, under =Caryophyllus=; Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus et Opii, under =Opium=; for Pulvis Effervescens Compositus, under =Potassii et Sodii Tartras=; for Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, under =Senna=; for Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under =Opium=, and for Pulvis Talci Compositus, under =Acidum Salicylicum=.

=Pumex (Pumex), Pumice, N.F.=--Consists chiefly of complex silicates of volcanic origin.

ACTION AND USES: Used as an abrasive material, and in
pharmacy as an absorbent.

=Pyrethrum (Pyreth.), Pyrethrum, U.S.P.= (Pellitory Root).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete, irritant sialagogue and
local irritant.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Pyrethri (Tr. Pyreth.), Tincture of Pyrethrum, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Pellitory).--Pyrethrum (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

USES: External.

=Pyrogallol (Pyrogall.), Pyrogallol, U.S.P.= (Pyrogallic Acid).--Trihydroxybenzene.

Light, white or nearly white, odorless, bitter laminae, fine
needles or powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.7) and in alcohol
(1:1.3).

ACTION AND USES: Irritant antiseptic in chronic skin
diseases. Internally highly toxic.

DOSAGE: 5 per cent. ointment.

=Pyroxylinum (Pyroxylin.), Pyroxylin, U.S.P.= (Soluble Gun Cotton).--Chiefly cellulose tetranitrate.

A yellowish-white matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton
in appearance; very inflammable. Slowly but completely soluble in a
mixture of three volumes of ether and one volume of alcohol. Also
soluble in acetone and in glacial acetic acid. Practically
insoluble in alcohol or water.

ACTION AND USES: Basis for collodions.

_*Collodium (Collod.), Collodion, U.S.P._--Pyroxylin (4%) in a mixture of ether and alcohol.

USES: Used to form a protective film and as a vehicle
for external applications.

_*Collodium Flexile (Collod. Flex.), Flexible Collodion, U.S.P._--A mixture of collodion (95%) with camphor (2%) and castor oil (3%).

USES: More pliable than collodion and does not contract
as much in drying.

=Quassia (Quass.), Quassia, U.S.P.= (Bitter Wood).

ACTION AND USES: Simple bitter stomachic (more disagreeable
than gentian); an infusion is also used as enema
in the treatment of pinworms.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Quassiae (Ext. Quas.), Extract of Quassia, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Quassia).--An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 10 Gm. of quassia.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Quassiae (Fldext. Quass.), Fluidextract of Quassia, N.F._--Quassia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Quassiae (Tr. Quas.), Tincture of Quassia, U.S.P._--Quassia (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Quercus (Querc.), Quercus, N.F.= (White Oak Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Tannin-bearing astringent, without
advantage over krameria, etc.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Quercus (Fldext. Querc.), Fluidextract of Quercus, N.F._--Quercus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Quillaja (Quillaja), Quillaja, N.F.= (Soap-tree Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Contains saponin and has been recommended
as an expectorant. Similar to, but without advantage
over senega. Has been used as a detergent and as an
emulsifying agent; in the latter use is objectionable.

_Tinctura Quillajae (Tr. Quillaj.), Tincture of Quillaja, N.F._--Quillaja (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

=Quinidina (Quinid.), Quinidine, N.F.=--An alkaloid isomeric with quinine.

White, odorless crystals or powder, with an intense and persistent
bitter taste.

ACTION AND USES: At one time recommended as a cheap
substitute for quinine. Inferior and obsolete.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial,
1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.) daily.

_Syrupus Quinidinae (Syr. Quinid.), Syrup of Quinidine, N.F._ (Bitterless Syrup of Quinidine).--Quinidine (3.3%) and oil of orange in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Quinina (Quin.), Quinine, U.S.P.=--Obtained from cinchona bark.

White, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Very slightly soluble in
water (1:1560), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

ACTION AND USES: Bitter tonic, analgesic and antipyretic;
specific against malaria. Contraindicated in ear diseases.
Idiosyncrasies are common.

The official quinine salts are more numerous than is necessary. Those
that are starred would meet every indication.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial,
at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Oleatum Quininae (Oleat. Quin.), Oleate of Quinine, N.F._--Quinine (25%) in oleic acid.

=*Quininae Bisulphas (Quin. Bisulph.), Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.=--Quinine acid sulphate.

Transparent or whitish, odorless, very bitter crystals. Freely
soluble in water (1:9) and soluble in alcohol (1:23).

ACTION AND USES: Similar to, and without advantage
over, =Quininae Dihydrochloridum=.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Antiperiodica (Tr. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Tincture, N.F._ (Warburg's Tincture).--Quinine bisulphate (2%), extract of aloes (1.75%), rhubarb (0.8%), angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, agaric, pepper, Saigon cinnamon and Jamaica ginger in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational quinine
mixture.

DOSAGE: From 4 to 15 Cc. or 1 to 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe (Tr. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Tincture without Aloes, N.F._ (Warburg's Tincture without Aloes).--The same as the preceding (Tinctura Antiperiodica) with the omission of extract of aloes.

USES AND DOSAGE: See Tinctura Antiperiodica.

=Quininae Dihydrochloridum (Quin. Dihydrochl.), Quinine Dihydrochloride, U.S.P.=

White, odorless, very bitter powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.6),
and soluble in alcohol (1:12).

ACTION AND USES: Used where concentrated solutions of
quinine are wanted, as for subcutaneous injections, etc.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

=*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quin. et Urea. Hydrochl.), Quinine and Urea Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Quinine and Urea Chloride).--A double salt of quinine and urea.

Colorless, translucent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless
and having a very bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and
freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.4).

ACTION AND USES: Much less irritating than ordinary
quinine salts and therefore suited for hypodermic injections,
in malaria or as local anesthetic.

DOSAGE: Hypodermic, one dose daily, 1 Gm. or 15 grains
(U.S.P.). For local anesthesia (hypodermic) solution
of from 0.25 to 1 per cent.; (applied to mucous membranes),
solutions of from 10 to 20 per cent.

=Quininae Glycerophosphas (Quin. Glycerophos.), Quinine Glycerophosphate, N.F.= (Quinine Glycerinophosphate).

Fine, white, odorless crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste.

ACTION AND USES: Expensive and superfluous quinine
salt.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial,
1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Quininae Hydrobromidum (Quin. Hydrobr.), Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Quinine Bromide).

Light, white, odorless, very bitter silky needles. Soluble in water
(1:40), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.9).

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous; see =Quininae Hydrochloridum=.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains, daily (U.S.P.).

=*Quininae Hydrochloridum (Quin. Hydrochl.), Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Quinine Chloride).

White, odorless, very bitter, silky needles. Soluble in water
(1:18) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

ACTION AND USES: Has the action of other quinine salts;
frequently preferred to the sulphate, because neutral and
more soluble.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina (Syr. Phosphat. c. Quin. et Strych.), Syrup of Phosphates with Quinine and Strychnine, N.F._ (Syrupus Hydrochlorophosphatum, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Hydrochlorophosphates).--Quinine hydrochloride (0.44%), strychnine nitrate (0.014%), compound solution of phosphates (50%) in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Quininae Hypophosphis (Quin. Hypophos.), Quinine Hypophosphite, N.F.=

Fine, white, odorless crystals, with a very bitter taste.

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous quinine salt.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial,
1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.)

=Quininae Salicylas (Quin. Salicyl.), Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P.=

Colorless (often becoming pinkish), odorless, bitter needles.
Soluble in alcohol (1:14) and in glycerin (1:13). Only slightly
soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum.
The quantity of salicylate in a dose is usually
too small to be effective.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.)

=*Quininae Sulphas (Quin. Sulph.), Quinine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless, very bitter, efflorescent crystals. Slightly
soluble in water (1:725) and in alcohol (1:107).

ACTION AND USES: The most commonly used quinine salt
but inferior to the hydrochloride, the dihydrochloride and
quinine and urea hydrochloride where a soluble salt is
desired, and to the alkaloid or the tannate where an
insoluble one is needed.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum (Elix. Cinchon. Alk.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, N.F._ III, Elixir Calisaya, Alkaloidal).--Quinine sulphate (0.2%), cinchonidine sulphate (0.1%), cinchonine sulphate (0.1%), compound tincture of cudbear and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: Imitation of cinchona, minus the tannin. No
advantage over quinine.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum (Elix. Cinchon. et Hypophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Hypophosphites, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae et Hypophosphitum, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Hypophosphites).--Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 85%), hypophosphorous acid and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis._--See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

_Pilulae Antiperiodicae (Pil. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Pills, N.F._ (Warburg's Pills).--Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), extract of aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe (Pil. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Pills without Aloes, N.F._ (Warburg's Pills without Aloes).--Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

=*Quininae Tannas (Quin. Tann.), Quinine Tannate, U.S.P.=

Pale yellow, or yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless, or nearly
tasteless powder. Only very slightly soluble in water. Somewhat
more soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used where comparatively tasteless
preparations are wanted.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.); sometimes
administered with chocolate or sugar.

_Trochisci Quininae Tannatis (Troch. Quin. Tan.), Troches of Quinine Tannate, N.F._--Each troche contains quinine tannate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, oil of theobroma, cocoa, sugar and sodium benzosulphinide.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=Quininae Valeras (Quin. Valer.), Quinine Valerate, N.F.=

White, lustrous crystals, with a valerian-like odor and an
intensely bitter taste.

ACTION AND USES: Those of quinine and valerates, but
disagreeable and superfluous.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial,
1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

_Elixir Quininae Valeratis et Strychninae (Elix. Quin. Valer. et Strych.), Elixir of Quinine Valerate and Strychnine, N.F._ (Elixir Quininae Valerianatis et Strychninae, N.F. III).--Quinine valerate (1.75%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound tincture of cudbear, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

USES: Irrational "tonic" mixture.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Renninum (Rennin.), Rennin, N.F.=--Milk-curdling enzyme from the stomach of the calf.

Grayish-white or yellowish-white powder or yellowish grains or
scales, with a characteristic, slightly saline taste and a peculiar
odor. Slowly soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: For making wheys and junkets

=Resina (Resin.), Rosin, U.S.P.= (Colophony).--The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from turpentine (the oleoresin).

ACTION AND USES: Used in the preparation of ointments
and plasters. Rubefacient.

_Ceratum Resinae (Cerat. Res.), Rosin Cerate, U.S.P._ (Basilicon Ointment).--Rosin, yellow wax and lard.

_Ceratum Resinae Compositum (Cerat. Resin. Co.), Compound Rosin Cerate, N.F._ (Deshler's Salve).--Rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine and linseed oil.

_Emplastrum Elasticum (Emp. Elast.), Rubber Plaster, U.S.P._ (Rubber Adhesive Plaster).--A mixture of rubber, resins, and waxes, with a filler of an absorbent powder.

_Emplastrum Resinae (Emp. Res.), Rosin Plaster, U.S.P._ (Rosin Adhesive Plaster, Adhesive Plaster).--Rosin, lead plaster and yellow wax.

=RESINAE, RESINS.=--Resins are the residues obtained by distilling the volatile oil from oleoresins or the precipitates obtained from solutions of resins in alcohol by the addition of water. For the official resins see under the names of the principal constituents.

=*Resorcinol (Resorcin.), Resorcinol, U.S.P.= (Resorcin).--Metadihydroxybenzene.

Colorless or nearly colorless crystals or powder with a faint,
peculiar odor and a taste at first sweetish, afterward bitter. Very
soluble in water (1:0.9) and in alcohol (1:0.9).

ACTION AND USES: Irritant, antiseptic; used internally in
gastric fermentation; externally in skin diseases.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis (Past. Resorcin. Fort.), Strong Resorcinol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Stronger Resorcinol Paste).--Resorcinol (20%), zinc oxide (20%), starch and light liquid petrolatum.

_Pasta Resorcinolis Mitis (Past. Resorcin. Mit.), Mild Resorcinol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Mild Resorcinol Paste).--Resorcinol (10%), zinc oxide (25%), starch and liquid petrolatum.

_Unguentum Resorcinolis Compositus (Ung. Resorcin. Co.), Compound Resorcinol Ointment, N.F._--Resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate and rectified oil of birch tar (each 6%), in yellow wax, petrolatum, anhydrous wool fat and glycerin.

USES: Complex antiseptic ointment.

=Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamn. Cath.), Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.= (Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae).--Ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous hydragogue cathartic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Rhamni Catharticae (Fldext. Rham. Cathart.), Fluidextract of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F._--Rhamnus cathartica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae (Syr. Rham. Cathart.), Syrup of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F._ (Syrup of Buckthorn Berries, Syrupus Spinae Cervinae).--Fluidextract of rhamnus cathartica (20%), oil of fennel and oil of cinnamon, in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=*Rheum (Rheum), Rhubarb, U.S.P.=--Rhizome and root.

ACTION AND USES: Efficient and pleasant laxative, its
action resembling cascara. It is, however, also somewhat
astringent. Used especially in the form of aromatic tincture
and aromatic syrup.

The official preparations of rhubarb are needlessly numerous, those
that are starred being quite sufficient. Many of the official mixtures
and pills are unnecessarily complex.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Extractum Rhei (Ext. Rhei), Extract of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Rhubarb).--One Gm. extract represents 2 Gm. rhubarb.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Rhei (Fldext. Rhei), Fluidextract of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidglyceratum Rhei (Fldglycer. Rhei), Fluidglycerate of Rhubarb, N.F._--Rhubarb (100%) in water and glycerin.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Rhei Alkalina (Mist. Rhei Alk.), Alkaline Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F._ (Syrupus Rhei et Potassii Compositus, N.F. III, Neutralizing Cordial).--Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.6%), fluidextract of hydrastis (0.8%), and potassium carbonate (1.6%) with tincture of cinnamon, spirit of peppermint in syrup and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 37 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Mistura Rhei Composita (Mist. Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F._ (Mistura Rhei et Sodae, U.S.P. VIII, Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda).--Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.5%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (3.5%), glycerin and spirit of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Pilulae Rhei (Pil. Rhei), Pills of Rhubarb, N.F._--Each pill contains rhubarb (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains) with soap.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Rhei Compositae (Pil. Rhei Co.), Compound Pills of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Each pill contains rhubarb (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and aloes (0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with myrrh and oil of peppermint.

DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Rhei Compositus (Pulv. Rhei Co.), Compound Powder of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Gregory's Powder).--Rhubarb (25%), Jamaica ginger (10%) and magnesium oxide.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Rhei et Magnesiae Anisatus (Pulv. Rhei et Magnes. Anis.), Anisated Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia, N.F._ (Compound Anise Powder).--Rhubarb (35%), anethol and heavy magnesium oxide.

USES: Mild cathartic.

DOSAGE: For infants, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rhei (Syr. Rhei), Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of rhubarb (10%), spirit of cinnamon and potassium carbonate in water and syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_*Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus (Syr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb).--Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (15%) and potassium carbonate in syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Rhei (Tr. Rhei), Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (20%) and cardamom seed, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Rhei Aquosa (Tr. Rhei. Aq.), Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F._--Rhubarb (10%) and potassium carbonate in cinnamon water, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Rhei Aromatica (Tr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (20%), Saigon cinnamon, clove and nutmeg in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Rhei Dulcis (Tr. Rhei Dulc.), Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F._--Rhubarb (10%), glycyrrhiza, anise and cardamom seed in glycerin, diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Rhei et Gentianae (Tr. Rhei et Gent.), Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian, N.F._--Rhubarb (7%) and gentian (1.75%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

USES: Stomachic and laxative.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Vinum Rhei Compositum (Vin. Rhei Co.), Compound Wine of Rhubarb, N.F._ (Tinctura Rhei Vinosa, N.F. III).--Fluidextract of rhubarb (8%), fluidextract of bitter orange peel, tincture of cardamom in sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Rhus Glabra (Rhus Glab.), Rhus Glabra, N.F.= (Sumac Berries).

ACTION AND USES: Tannin-bearing astringent; without
advantage over krameria, etc.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae (Fldext. Rhois Glab.), Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra, N.F._--Rhus glabra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.)

=*Rosa, Rose= (Cabbage Rose, _Rosa centifolia_).

ACTION AND USES: The preparations are used for
flavoring.

_*Aqua Rosae (Aq. Ros.), Rose Water, U.S.P._--A mixture of stronger rose water with distilled water.

_Aqua Rosae Fortior (Aq. Ros. Fort.), Stronger Rose Water, U.S.P._--Prepared by distilling fresh cabbage roses with water.

_Confectio Rosae (Confect. Ros.), Confection of Rose, N.F._--Red rose, sugar, clarified honey and stronger rose water.

_Unguentum Aquae Rosae (Ung. Aq. Ros.), Ointment of Rose Water, U.S.P._ (Cold Cream).--Sodium borate (0.5%), spermaceti, white wax, expressed oil of almond, and stronger rose water.

USES: Emollient

=Rosa Gallica (Rosa Gall.), Red Rose, U.S.P.=--Petals.

ACTION AND USES: Mildly astringent but used chiefly
as a flavoring agent in the confection of rose; antiquated.

_Fluidextractum Rosae (Fldext. Rosae), Fluidextract of Rose, U.S.P._--Red rose (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Infusum Rosae Compositum (Inf. Ros. Co.), Compound Infusion of Rose, N.F._--Red rose (1.3%) with diluted sulphuric acid and sugar in water.

DOSAGE: 100 Cc. or 3 fluidounces (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rosae (Syr. Ros.), Syrup of Rose, N.F._--Fluidextract of rose and diluted sulphuric acid in syrup.

=Rubi Fructus (Rubi Fructus), Blackberries, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavor.

_Cordiale Rubi Fructus (Cord. Rubi Fruct.), Blackberry Cordial, N.F._--Blackberry syrup (about 75%) and diluted alcohol (about 25%), with cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

USES: Used as carminative in summer diarrhea. Not
very efficient.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rubi Fructi (Syr. Rubi Fruct.), Syrup of Blackberry Fruit, N.F._--Juice of ripe blackberries in sugar.

USES: Flavoring vehicle

=Rubi Idaei Fructus (Rubi Idaei Fructus), Raspberries, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring.

_Syrupus Rubi Idaei (Syr. Rubi Id.), Syrup of Raspberry, N.F._--Juice of ripe raspberries in sugar.

=Rubus (Rubus), Rubus, N.F.= (Blackberry Bark).--Bark of the rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Tannin-bearing astringent without
advantage over krameria, etc.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Elixir Rubi Compositum (Elix. Rubi Co.), Compound Elixir of Blackberry, N.F._--Rubus (1.6%), nutgall (1.6%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, mace, ginger, syrup of blackberry and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: Used in "summer complaint."

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Rubi (Fldext. Rubi), Fluidextract of Rubus, N.F._--Rubus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rubi (Syr. Rubi), Syrup of Rubus, N.F._--Fluidextract of rubus (25%) in syrup.

USES: Intestinal astringent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Rumex (Rumex), Rumex, N.F.= (Yellow Dock, Curled Dock).--Roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete, unreliable and generally
worthless "alterative and tonic"; mildly laxative.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Rumicis (Fldext. Rumic.), Fluidextract of Rumex, N.F._--Rumex (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Sabal (Sabal), Sabal, U.S.P.= (Saw Palmetto Berries).--The partially dried ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Widely exploited as a stimulant of
the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary tract. Probably
inferior to santal oil.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Sabal (Fldext. Sabal), Fluidextract of Sabal, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Saw Palmetto).--Sabal (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Sabal et Santali (Tr. Sabal et Santal.), Tincture of Saw Palmetto and Santal, N.F._--Sabal (20%) and sandalwood (6.5%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=*Saccharum (Sacch.), Sugar, U.S.P.= (Sucrose).--Obtained from the sugar-cane, the sugar-beet, etc.

White, odorless crystals or powder with a sweet taste.

ACTION AND USES: Sweetening agent in official syrups
and other preparations.

_*Syrupus (Syrupus), Syrup, U.S.P._ (Sirup, Simple Syrup).--Sugar (85%) in water.

=*Saccharum Lactis (Sacch. Lact.), Sugar of Milk, U.S.P.= (Milk Sugar, Lactose).--Obtained from the whey of cow's milk.

White, hard, odorless crystalline masses or powder, with a faintly
sweet taste.

ACTION AND USES: Less sweet than cane sugar and less
liable to ferment; slightly laxative and diuretic; frequently
used to modify cow's milk in the feeding of infants

=SALES EFFERVESCENTES, GRANULAR EFFERVESCENT SALTS.=--Effervescent salts are mixtures of active constituents with sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. They are usually directed to be produced and dispensed in coarse granules. Their advantage over other methods of administering active ingredients is rather doubtful. For effervescent salts included in the Pharmacopeia and in the National Formulary, see under the names of the active ingredients. For Sal Carolinum Factitium and Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens, see under =Sodii Sulphas=; for Sal Kissingense Factitium and Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens, see under =Sodii Chloridum=; for Sal Vichyanum Factitium, Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens and Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio, see under =Sodii Bicarbonas=.

=Salicinum (Salicin.), Salicin, U.S.P.=--A glucoside obtained from certain species of willows and poplars.

White powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste.

ACTION AND USES: Partially decomposed in the stomach
and intestines and finally oxidized in the body into salicylic
acid. Less irritant to the mucous membranes than the
salicylates but also less certain in its action, and has
been practically superseded by the latter.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=Sambucus (Sambuc.), Sambucus, N.F.= (Elder Flowers).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete and worthless remedy in
dropsy. Large doses are said to act like a hydragogue
cathartic.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

=Sanguinaria (Sanguin.), Sanguinaria, U.S.P.= (Blood Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Irritant and narcotic; unreliable;
expectorant in small doses and nauseant in large doses,
which may produce serious secondary symptoms.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Sanguinariae (Fldext. Sanguin.), Fluidextract of Sanguinaria, N.F._--Sanguinaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Sanguinariae (Syr. Sanguinar.), Syrup of Sanguinaria, N.F._ (Syrup of Bloodroot).--Sanguinaria (22.5%) and acetic acid in syrup.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Sanguinariae (Tr. Sanguin.), Tincture of Sanguinaria, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Bloodroot).--Sanguinaria (10%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 56 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.)

=Santalum Album (Santal. Alb.), Sandal Wood, N.F.= (White Sandal Wood).--Heartwood.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of =Oleum Santali=,
which see

=Santalum Rubrum (Santal. Rub.), Red Saunders, U.S.P.=--Heartwood.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a coloring agent

=*Santoninum (Santonin.), Santonin, U.S.P.=--Anhydride or lactone of santonic acid, obtained from Levant wormseed.

Colorless crystals or powder, becoming yellow on exposure to light,
odorless and at first nearly tasteless, afterward becoming bitter.

ACTION AND USES: Used for its poisonous action on
intestinal parasites, especially ascaris. When absorbed in
sufficient amounts it produces yellow vision and epileptiform
convulsions.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.) in powder or
capsules.

_Trochisci Santonini (Troch. Santonin.), Troches of Santonin, N.F._--Each troche contains santonin (0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain), with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

USES: Anthelmintic. Objectionable since their resemblance
to candy may lead to serious poisoning.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.).

_Trochisci Santonini Compositi (Troch. Santonin. Co.), Compound Troches of Santonin, N.F._ (Troches of Santonin and Calomel).--Each troche contains santonin and mild mercurous chloride (each 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with tragacanth, sugar, cocoa and vanillin.

USES: Anthelmintic; objectionable like Trochisci Santonini,
which see above.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=*Sapo (Sapo), Soap, U.S.P.= (White Castile Soap).--Soap prepared from olive oil and sodium hydroxide.

A white or whitish solid or powder, having a faint, peculiar odor
and an alkaline taste.

ACTION AND USES: Used chiefly as a detergent and in
solution as a vehicle for liniments. Also an ingredient of
pills containing resinous drugs like aloes and scammony.

_Emplastrum Saponis (Emp. Sapon.), Soap Plaster, N.F._--Made from soap (10%) and lead plaster (90%).

_Linimentum Saponato-Camphoratum (Lin. Sapon.-Camph.), Camphorated Soap Liniment, N.F._ (Opodeldoc, Solid Opodeldoc).--Camphor (2.5%), ammonia water, sodium stearate, oil of thyme, oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

_*Linimentum Saponis (Lin. Sapon.), Soap Liniment, U.S.P._ (Liquid Opodeldoc).--Soap (6%), camphor (4.5%) in oil of rosemary, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

USES: Mild rubefacient and vehicle for more active liniments

=*Sapo Mollis (Sapo Moll.), Soft Soap, U.S.P.=--Prepared from cottonseed oil and potassium hydroxide.

A soft, unctuous, yellowish-white to brownish-yellow mass, having a
slight, characteristic odor and an alkaline taste.

ACTION AND USES: Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is
employed in the preparation of various liniments, and as
a detergent.

_Linimentum Saponis Mollis (Lin. Sapon. Moll.), Liniment of Soft Soap, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Green Soap).--Soft soap (65%) and oil of lavender in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

_Linimentum Saponis Mollis Compositum (Lin. Sapon. Mol. Co.), Compound Liniment of Soft Soap, N.F._ (Tinctura Saponis Viridis Composita, N.F. III).--Soft soap (15%), oil of cade (2%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

=Sarsaparilla (Sarsap.), Sarsaparilla, U.S.P.= (Sarsaparilla Root).

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used in chronic rheumatism,
skin diseases and syphilis; inefficient and therefore harmful;
fortunately passing out of use.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Decoc. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, N.F._--Sarsaparilla (10%), guaiac wood (2%), mezereum (1%), sassafras, glycyrrhiza and water.

USES: Antiquated and useless "alterative."

DOSAGE: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae (Fldext. Sarsap.), Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P._--Sarsaparilla (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum (Fldext. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P._--Sarsaparilla (75%), mezereum (3%), glycyrrhiza and sassafras. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus (Syr. Sarsap. Co.), Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of sarsaparilla (20%), fluidextract of senna (1.5%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, oil of sassafras, oil of anise, methyl salicylate and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: Irrational mixture; no indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.)

=Sassafras (Sassaf.), Sassafras, U.S.P.=--Bark of the root.

ACTION AND USES: Mild aromatic and carminative containing
a volatile oil. No advantage over other aromatics,
such as peppermint, ginger, etc.

DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.)

=Sassafras Medulla (Sassaf. Med.), Sassafras Pith, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent.

_Mucilago Sassafras Medullae (Mucil. Sassaf. Medul.), Mucilage of Sassafras Pith, N.F._--Sassafras pith (0.2%) in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Scammoniae Radix (Scam. Rad.), Scammony Root, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Used principally for preparing resin,
in which its activity as a cathartic resides.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Resina Scammoniae (Res. Scamm.), Resin of Scammony, U.S.P._--The resin from scammony root.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Scilla (Scill.), Squill, U.S.P.=--Fleshy inner scales of a bulb. The official drug is to be assayed biologically.

ACTION AND USES: Qualitatively like those of digitalis.
Has been largely used as a nauseant and expectorant. Has
no advantage over digitalis, and should pass out of use.
If used, it should be standardized.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.) of a standardized
preparation.

_Acetum Scillae (Acet. Scill.), Vinegar of Squill, U.S.P._--Squill (10%) in diluted acetic acid.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Scillae (Fldext. Scill.), Fluidextract of Squill, U.S.P._--Squill (100%). Assayed biologically by producing death in the frog.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed
preparation.

_Oxymel Scillae (Oxymel Scill.), Oxymel of Squill, N.F._--Vinegar of squill (50%) and clarified honey.

USES: Antiquated and irrational preparation of squill.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_*Syrupus Scillae (Syr. Scill.), Syrup of Squill, U.S.P._--Vinegar of squill (45%), in sugar and water.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Scillae Compositus (Syr. Scill. Co.), Compound Syrup of Squill, U.S.P._ (Hive Syrup).--Fluidextract of squill (8%), fluidextract of senega (8%) and antimony and potassium tartrate (0.2%), in water and syrup.

USES: Complex and irrational expectorant.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Scillae (Tr. Scill.), Tincture of Squill, U.S.P._--Squill (10%) in alcohol and water. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed
preparation.

=Scoparius (Scopar.), Scoparius, N.F.= (Broom Tops).

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as diuretic, laxative
and cathartic. See Sparteinae Sulphas.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Scoparii (Fldext. Scopar.), Fluidextract of Scoparius, N.F._--Scoparius (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=*Scopolaminae Hydrobromidum (Scopolamin. Hydrobrom.), Scopolamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Hyoscine Hydrobromide, Scopolamine Bromide).--The hydrobromide of levorotatory scopolamine, also known as hyoscine.

Colorless, odorless, transparent crystals.

ACTION AND USES: Closely resembling those of atropine
in its influence on the nerve endings but differing from the
latter in having a sedative instead of a stimulating effect
on the brain. Used as a somnifacient in motor excitement
and mania; as a preliminary to anesthesia and in "twilight
sleep," and locally as a mydriatic. Uncertain in its action,
at times producing acute delirium. The tendency to depress
the respiratory center must be remembered.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).

=Scutellaria (Scutell.), Scutellaria, N.F.= (Skullcap).--Plant.

ACTION AND USES: Claimed, though without reliable
evidence, to be a tonic, nervine and antispasmodic, particularly
useful in chorea and convulsions.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Scutellariae (Fldext. Scutellar.), Fluidextract of Scutellaria, N.F._--Scutellaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Senecio (Senecio), Senecio, N.F.= (Life Root).--Plant deprived of its root.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended, probably
without warrant, as a tonic, diuretic, expectorant and
diaphoretic.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Senecionis (Fldext. Senecion.), Fluidextract of Senecio, N.F._--Senecio (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Senega (Seneg.), Senega, U.S.P.= (Seneca Snakeroot, Senega Snakeroot).

ACTION AND USES: Employed as nauseant expectorant
(by virtue of the irritant saponin).

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Senegae (Fldext. Seneg.), Fluidextract of Senega, U.S.P._--Senega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Senegae (Syr. Seneg.), Syrup of Senega, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of senega (20%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=*Senna (Senn.), Senna, U.S.P.= (Alexandria Senna or India Senna).

ACTION AND USES: Efficient cathartic of anthraquinone
series.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Confectio Sennae (Confect. Senn.), Confection of Senna, N.F._--Senna (10%), cassia fistula (16%), tamarind (10%), prune, fig, sugar, oil of coriander and water.

USES: A pleasant but needlessly complex laxative.