Chapter IV: Part 4

For disinfecting rooms, from 150 Cc. or 5 fluidounces to 1 quart or 1
liter of the official formaldehyde solution are allowed to each 1,000
cubic feet of space by various authorities. Various methods have been
employed. One is to allow the solution to evaporate from sheets
suspended in the tightly closed room. Another is to generate the gas
in the room by treating the solution with potassium permanganate,
allowing about 110 Gm. or 3-1/2 ounces of potassium permanganate to
500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. A third method utilizes
the reaction between formaldehyde solution and sodium dichromate in
the presence of sulphuric acid, used in the proportion of 45 Cc. or
1-1/2 fluidounces of sulphuric acid and 280 Gm. or 9 ounces of sodium
dichromate to 500 Cc. or 1 pint of formaldehyde solution. These
methods are not effective if the temperature of the room be below 60
F. or the relative humidity below 65 per cent.

=Frangula (Frang.), Frangula, U.S.P.= (Buckthorn Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of cascara sagrada;
used principally as fluidextract.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Catharticum Compositum (Elix. Cathart. Co.), Compound Cathartic Elixir, N.F._--Fluidextract of frangula (12.5%), fluidextract of senna (10%), fluidextract of rhubarb (6.2%), spirit of peppermint, solution of potassium hydroxide and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

USES: Needlessly complicated cathartic.

DOSAGE: Aperient, 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.);
cathartic, 12 Cc. or 3 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Frangulae (Fldext. Frangul.), Fluidextract of Frangula, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Buckthorn Bark).--Frangula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.)

=Fraxinus (Fraxin.), White Ash Bark, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as tonic, astringent
and purgative. No established indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Vinum Fraxini (Vin. Frax.), Wine of White Ash, N.F._--White ash bark (50%), in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Fucus (Fucus), Fucus, N.F.= (Bladderwrack).--A sea weed.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used against goiters and
tuberculous glands; may be of some value through its
iodine content, but has no special advantage over other
iodine preparations.

DOSAGE: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Fuci (Fldext. Fuci), Fluidextract of Fucus, N.F._--Fucus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.65 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.)

=Galangal (Galang.), Galangal, N.F.=--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative, resembling
ginger and without advantage over the latter.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains

=Galega (Galeg.), Galega, N.F.= (European Goat's Rue).--Flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Exploited as a galactagogue and
nerve stimulant; has no established value.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Galegae (Fldext. Galeg.), Fluidextract of Galega, N.F._--Galega (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Galla (Gall.), Nutgall, U.S.P.= (Aleppo Galls, Smyrna Galls).

Incompatible with the salts of iron, lead, copper or silver.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent. Used especially as ointment,
but has no advantage over tannic acid.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Gallae (Tr. Gall.), Tincture of Nutgall, N.F._--Nutgall (20%) in glycerin and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Unguentum Gallae (Ung. Gall.), Nutgall Ointment, U.S.P._--Nutgall (20%) in ointment.

=Gambir (Gambir), Gambir, U.S.P.= (Pale Catechu).--A dried extract.

ACTION AND USES: Astringent; used against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (in form of tincture).

_Pulvis Gambir Compositus (Pulv. Gambir Co.), Compound Powder of Gambir, N.F._ (Pulvis Catechu Compositus, N.F. III).--Gambir (40%), kino (20%) and krameria (20%), with Saigon cinnamon and nutmeg.

USES: Needlessly complex intestinal astringent.

DOSAGE: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Gambir Composita (Tr. Gambir Co.), Compound Tincture of Gambir, U.S.P._ (Compound Tincture of Pale Catechu).--Gambir (5%) with Saigon cinnamon in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Gambir (Troch. Gambir), Troches of Gambir, N.F._--Each troche contains gambir (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of cinnamon.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=*Gelatinum (Gelat.), Gelatin, U.S.P.=--Obtained from skin, ligaments, bones, etc.

Insoluble in cold water but swells and softens when immersed in it;
soluble in hot water and in glycerin; insoluble in alcohol and
similar solvents.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a food product. Also, by
mouth or by injection, with the intention of increasing the
coagulability of the blood; of doubtful value. May contain
tetanus spores.

_Gelatinum Glycerinatum (Gelat. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Gelatin, U.S.P._--Consists of equal parts of gelatin and glycerin.

USES: Base for suppositories, bougies, etc

=Gelsemium (Gelsem.), Gelsemium, U.S.P.= (Yellow Jasmine Root, Yellow Jessamine).

ACTION AND USES: Used in migraine and neuralgia, and
in the treatment of ovarian, rheumatic and uterine pain.
Efficiency uncertain. Untoward symptoms sometimes result
from comparatively small doses.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.). (Not used
as such).

_Extractum Gelsemii (Ext. Gelsem.), Extract of Gelsemium, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Gelsemium).--One Gm. of extract represents 4 Gm. of gelsemium.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Gelsemii (Fldext. Gelsem.), Fluidextract of Gelsemium, U.S.P._--Gelsemium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Gelsemii (Tr. Gelsem.), Tincture of Gelsemium, U.S.P._--Gelsemium (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 62 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.)

=*Gentiana (Gentian.), Gentian, U.S.P.= (Yellow Gentian Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Probably the most widely used of
the simple bitters.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Gentianae (Elix. Gent.), Elixir of Gentian, N.F._--Fluidextract of gentian (3.5%), compound spirit of cardamom, sodium citrate, glycerin, syrup, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: An agreeable aromatic bitter stomachic.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Gentianae et Ferri, N.F._--See under =Ferri Citro-Chloridum=.

_Elixir Gentianae et Ferri Phosphatis, N.F._--See under =Ferri Phosphas=.

_Elixir Gentianae Glycerinatum (Elix. Gent. Glycerin.), Glycerinated Elixir of Gentian, N.F._--Fluidextract of gentian (1%), fluidextract of taraxacum (1.5%), acetic ether, phosphoric acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, compound tincture of cardamom, glycerin, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 11 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

_*Extractum Gentianae (Ext. Gentian.), Extract of Gentian, U.S.P._--A pilular extract.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Gentianae (Fldext. Gentian.), Fluidextract of Gentian, U.S.P._--Gentian (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Infusum Gentianae Compositum (Inf. Gent. Co.), Compound Infusion of Gentian, N.F._--Gentian (3%), coriander and bitter orange peel in diluted alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Tinctura Amara (Tr. Amar.), Bitter Tincture, N.F._ (Stomachic Tincture, Bitter Stomachic Drops, Stomach Drops).--Gentian (6%), centaury (6%), zedoary (2%) and bitter orange peel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

USES: Bitter stomachic, complex and without special
value.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Gentianae Composita (Tr. Gentian. Co.), Compound Tincture of Gentian, U.S.P._--Gentian (10%), bitter orange peel and cardamom seed in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

USES: Aromatic Bitter.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=Geranium (Geran.), Geranium, N.F.= (Cranesbill).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete intestinal astringent, without
special advantage over krameria, etc.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Geranii (Fldext. Geran.), Fluidextract of Geranium, N.F._--Geranium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.)

=Glucosum (Glucos.), Glucose, U.S.P.= (Syrupy Glucose, Liquid Glucose).--Chiefly dextrose (d-glucose) and dextrins.

Colorless or nearly colorless, odorless or nearly odorless, thick,
syrupy, sweet liquid. Soluble in water, sparingly soluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Pill excipient. Pure dextrose is also
employed in saline injections

=*Glycerinum (Glycerin.), Glycerin, U.S.P.= (Glycerol).--C{3}H{5}(OH){3}.

A colorless, syrupy, practically odorless liquid, with a sweet
taste, and producing a sensation of warmth in the mouth. Miscible
with water and alcohol; insoluble in chloroform or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Used as solvent, sweetening agent,
demulcent and emollient. The enema or suppositories are
promptly evacuant.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_*Suppositoria Glycerini (Supp. Glycerin.), Suppositories of Glycerin, U.S.P._--Glycerin with a stearic acid soap.

USES: Rectal evacuant.

_Suppositoria Boroglycerini (Suppos. Boroglycer.), Suppositories of Boroglycerin, N.F._--Glycerite of boroglycerin (7.5%) with glycerinated gelatin and glycerin.

USES: Antiseptic evacuant.

=GLYCERITA, GLYCERITES.=--Solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. For the various glycerites, see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Glyceritum Boroglycerini, see under =Acidum Boricum=; for Glyceritum Vitelli, see under =Ovi Vitellum Recens=.

=*Glycerylis Nitras, Glyceryl Trinitrate= (Nitroglycerin, Trinitrin, Glonoin).--C{3}H{5}(NO{3}){3}.

ACTION AND USES: Vasodilator, acting more slowly than
amyl nitrite.

_Pilulae Glycerylis Nitratis (Pil. Glycer. Nit.), Pills of Nitroglycerin, N.F._ (Pilulae Glonoini, N.F. III, Pills of Glonoin).--Each pill contains spirit of glyceryl trinitrate and althaea (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with confection of rose.

USES: Inferior to the tablets.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_*Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis (Sp. Glyceryl. Nit.), Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate, U.S.P._ (Spirit of Glonoin, Spirit of Nitroglycerin).--Glyceryl trinitrate (about 1%) in alcohol.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.) dropped on the
tongue

=*Glycyrrhiza (Glycyrrh.), Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P.= (Licorice, Liquorice Root).

ACTION AND USES: Used to disguise the taste of drugs
and as demulcent expectorant. The preparations are
incompatible with acids.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Glycyrrhizae and Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum._--See under =Alcohol=.

_Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aquosum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Aq.), Aqueous Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F._ (Aqueous Elixir of Licorice).--Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (15%), compound spirit of cardamom, stronger orange flower water, glycerin, syrup and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.

_Extractum Glycyrrhizae (Ext. Glycyrrh.), Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._ (Extract of Licorice).--The commercial extract of glycyrrhiza. Incompletely soluble in water (60%).

_Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum (Ext. Glycyrrh. Pur.), Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._--A pilular extract.

_*Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae (Fldext. Glycyrrh.), Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._--Glycyrrhiza (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidglyceratum Glycyrrhizae (Fldglycer. Glycyrrh.), Fluidglycerate of Glycyrrhiza, N.F._ (Fluidglycerate of Licorice).--Glycyrrhiza (100%) in glycerin and water, made alkaline with ammonia water.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims.

_Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, U.S.P._--See under =Opium=.

_Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, U.S.P._--See under =Senna=.

_Syrupus Glycyrrhizae (Syr. Glycyrrhiz.), Syrup of Glycyrrhiza, N.F._ (Syrup of Licorice).--Fluidglycerate of glycyrrhiza (25%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)

=Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum (Glycyrrh. Ammon.), Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin, U.S.P.=--The sweet principle of glycyrrhiza, combined with ammonia.

Dark brown or brownish-red, odorless scales, with a very sweet
taste. Freely soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Incompatible
with acids.

ACTION AND USES: Intended as substitute for extract of
glycyrrhiza, over which it presents no advantage.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.)

=Gossypii Cortex (Gossyp. Cort.), Cotton Root Bark, N.F.=--Recently gathered or dried bark of the root.

ACTION AND USES: Exploited as emmenagogue, but
without established value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Gossypii Corticis (Fldext. Gossyp. Cort.), Fluidextract of Cotton Root Bark, N.F._--Cotton root bark (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)

=Gossypium Purificatum (Gossyp. Purif.), Purified Cotton, U.S.P.= (Absorbent Cotton).

ACTION AND USES: Used as an absorbent surgical dressing
and as a filtering agent

=Gossypium Stypticum.=--See under =Ferri Chloridum=

=Granatum (Granat.), Pomegranate, U.S.P.= (Pomegranate Bark).

ACTION AND USES: the decoction or fluidextract expels
tapeworm. Both are strongly astringent and often produce
vomiting.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Granati (Fldext. Granat.), Fluidextract of Pomegranate, U.S.P._--Pomegranate (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=Grindelia (Grindel.), Grindelia, U.S.P.=--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Used with doubtful results in spasmodic
asthma, whooping cough, bronchitis, and hay fever,
and locally against ivy poisoning. It is a feeble drug and
its action has not been clearly defined.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Grindeliae (Fldext. Grindel.), Fluidextract of Grindelia, U.S.P._--Grindelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=Guaiaci Lignum (Guaiac. Lig.), Guaiac Wood, N.F.= (Lignum Vitae).

ACTION AND USES: Reputed "alterative," but without
established value. No advantage over guaiac resin.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.)

=*Guaiacol (Guaiacol), Guaiacol, U.S.P.=--Obtained from wood-tar creosote or prepared synthetically.

Colorless or yellowish solid or liquid, with an aromatic odor and a
strong phenolic taste. Soluble in water (1:53), freely soluble in
glycerin (1:0.8) and miscible with alcohol, chloroform or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Used as intestinal antiseptic and
bronchial stimulant, similar to creosote; less irritant but
also less active. Inunction with 50 per cent. solution in
oil is antipyretic but it is less powerful and more uncertain
than acetphenetidin, etc. Action is difficult to control and
collapse may occur.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.)

=*Guaiacolis Carbonas (Guaiacol. Carb.), Guaiacol Carbonate, U.S.P.=

White, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless powder. Soluble in
alcohol (1:60) and in ether (1:18); insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Being insoluble in water, it is less
disagreeable and less irritating than guaiacol, but liberates
this substance in the intestines. Used as intestinal antiseptic
and against bronchitis.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). in powders or
cachets

=Guaiacum (Guaiac.), Guaiac, U.S.P.= (Guaiac Resin).

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as an "alterative,"
against syphilis, chronic rheumatism and gout; and as
throat lozenges for its mildly irritant action. It produces
no definite systemic effects, except as a mild laxative and
possibly diuretic. Its value is very doubtful. The ammoniated
tincture is the most active preparation.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Gargarisma Guaiaci Compositum (Garg. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Gargle of Guaiac, N.F._--Ammoniated tincture of guaiac (10%), compound tincture of cinchona (10%), potassium chlorate (4%), with clarified honey and oil of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

USES: Complex and irrational mixture.

_Glyceritum Guaiaci (Glycer. Guaiac.), Glycerite of Guaiac, N.F._--Guaiac (8.5%) and solution of potassium hydroxide in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Guaiaci (Mist. Guaiac.), Mixture of Guaiac, N.F._--Tincture of guaiac (12.5%) in clarified honey and cinnamon water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Petroxolinum Guaiacolis (Petrox. Guaiacol.), Guaiacol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Guaiacol Petrox).--Guaiacol (20%) in oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

_Tinctura Guaiaci (Tr. Guaiac.), Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P._--Guaiac (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata (Tr. Guaiac. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac, U.S.P._--Guaiac (20%) in aromatic spirit of ammonia. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Guaiaci Composita (Tr. Guaiac. Co.), Compound Tincture of Guaiac, N.F._ (Dewees' Tincture of Guaiac).--Guaiac (12.5%), potassium carbonate and pimenta in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Guarana (Guarana), Guarana, U.S.P.=--Paste consisting chiefly of crushed seeds yielding not less than 4 per cent. of caffeine.

ACTION AND USES: Used for its caffeine. There is no
reason for using it instead of caffeine.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Guaranae (Elix. Guar.), Elixir of Guarana, N.F._--Fluidextract of guarana (20%), compound elixir of taraxacum (60%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 34 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Guaranae (Fldext. Guaran.), Fluidextract of Guarana, U.S.P._--Guarana (100%) yielding about 4 per cent. of caffeine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=Gutta Percha (Gutta Percha), Gutta Percha, N.F.=--A purified, coagulated tree sap.

ACTION AND USES: Used for technical purposes in
dentistry.

_Liquor Guttae Perchae (Liq. Gut. Perch.), Solution of Gutta Percha, N.F._--A clarified solution of gutta percha in chloroform.

=Haematoxylon (Haematox.), Hematoxylon, N.F.= (Logwood).

ACTION AND USES: Intestinal astringent, without advantage
over krameria, etc.

_Extractum Haematoxyli (Ext. Haematox.), Extract of Hematoxylon, N.F._--An aqueous extract.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=Hamamelidis Folia (Hamamel. Fol.), Hamamelis Leaves, N.F.= (Witch Hazel Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Astringent, without advantage over
other tannin-bearing drugs (krameria, etc.).

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum (Fldext. Hamamel. Fol.), Fluidextract of Hamamelis Leaves, N.F._--Hamamelis leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)

=Hamamelis= (Witch Hazel).

_Aqua Hamamelidis (Aq. Hamam.), Hamamelis Water, U.S.P._ (Witch Hazel Water, Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel).--Witch hazel bark, twigs, smaller stems or entire shrub, distilled with water and preserved with about 14 per cent. of alcohol.

USES: Employed externally, for contusions. It owes its
feeble activity mainly to the alcohol

=Helianthemum (Helianth.), Helianthemum, N.F.= (Rock-Rose, Frost-Weed).--The dried herb.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete astringent, tonic, alterative
and emetic; unreliable and without established value.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Helianthemi (Fldext. Helianth.), Fluidextract of Helianthemum, N.F._--Helianthemum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Helonias (Helon.), Helonias, N.F.= (False Unicorn).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Ingredient of "female remedies";
without established value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Heloniatis (Fldext. Helon.), Fluidextract of Helonias, N.F._--Helonias (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)

=*Hexamethylenamina (Hexam.), Hexamethylenamine, U.S.P.= (Hexamethylene-tetramine; also sold as urotropine, aminoform, formamin, formin, cystamin, cystogen, urisol and uritone).--(CH{2}){6}N{4}, a condensation product of ammonia and formaldehyde.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and with a sweetish
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and in alcohol (1:12.5).
Incompatible with acids, with ammonium salts, with tannin and with
mercuric chloride.

ACTION AND USES: Useful urinary antiseptic, liberating
formaldehyde in the presence of acids (not otherwise).
Also used as prophylactic against infection in bile and in
other body fluids, but inefficient since these fluids are not
acid.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
When sodium acid phosphate is given to render the urine
acid, hexamethylenamine should not be taken until the
phosphate has left the stomach

=*Homatropinae Hydrobromidum (Homatrop. Hydrobr.), Homatropine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Homatropine Bromide).

White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:6) and soluble
in alcohol (1:40).

ACTION AND USES: Used as mydriatic and cycloplegic.
Its effects resemble those of atropine but occur more
promptly and disappear in shorter time.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be used
in aqueous solution of 2 per cent. strength, or a drop of a
1:500 solution may be introduced into the conjunctival
sac every five minutes for five times to produce a maximum
dilatation in three quarters of an hour

=Humulus (Humul.), Hops, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as aromatic bitter
stomachic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Humuli (Elix. Humul.), Elixir of Hops, N.F._--Fluidextract of hops (12.5%), compound elixir of taraxacum, tincture of vanilla and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Humuli (Fldext. Humul.), Fluidextract of Hops, N.F._--Hops (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Humuli (Tr. Humul.), Tincture of Hops, N.F._--Hops (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

USES: Bitter stomachic.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Hydrangea (Hydrang.), Hydrangea, N.F.= (Seven-Barks).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic, diuretic and diaphoretic;
without established value.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Hydrangeae (Fldext. Hydrang.), Fluidextract of Hydrangea, N.F._--Hydrangea (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.)

=*Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P.= (Bichloride of Mercury, Corrosive Sublimate, Mercuric Chloride, Perchloride of Mercury).--HgCl{2}.

Heavy, colorless crystals, crystalline masses or white powder,
odorless and with a characteristic metallic taste. Slowly soluble
in water (1:13.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3.8). Its
solubility in water is increased by the addition of sodium or
ammonium chloride. Incompatible with soluble carbonates and
hydroxides, with iodides and with alkaloids and other organic
compounds. Reduced to calomel or metallic mercury by iron, zinc and
other reducing agents.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly as a germicide and antiseptic;
also as a specific antisyphilitic agent. Acute mercuric
chloride poisoning is treated by raw eggs and lavage.

DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.) in solution
or pills. For hypodermic use in syphilis 0.01 Gm. or
1/6 grain daily (produces marked pain and irritation).
As antiseptic externally in solution from 1:20,000 to
1:2,000. As disinfectant of clothing, in 1:1,000 solution.

_Mulla Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Mull. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros.), Corrosive Mercuric Chloride Mull, N.F._ (Unguentum Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi Extensum, N.F. III).--Corrosive mercuric chloride (0.2%), alcohol, benzoinated suet and benzoinated lard.

_Toxitabellae Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi (Toxitabel. Hydrarg. Chlor. Corr.), Poison Tablets of Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P._ (Corrosive Sublimate Tablets, Bichloride Tablets).--Tablets of an angular shape colored blue, each having the word "Poison" and the skull and cross bones design distinctly stamped on it. Each 1 Gm. tablet contains about 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains corrosive mercuric chloride and 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains sodium chloride.

=*Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit.), Mild Mercurous Chloride, U.S.P.= (Mercurous Chloride, Calomel, Protochloride of Mercury, Subchloride of Mercury).--HgCl.

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in
water, alcohol or ether. Incompatible with alkalies, with oxidizing
acids like nitric acid, and with soluble bromides and iodides.

ACTION AND USES: A slow cathartic, fairly powerful and
relatively non-irritant. Should usually be followed by a
saline laxative. Should not be taken continuously as it
may salivate. Also employed as a diuretic in cardiac
dropsies. Intramuscular injections are very efficiently
antisyphilitic, but painful.

DOSAGE: Laxative, 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.);
alterative, 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). From 0.005
to 0.02 Gm., or from 1/12 to 1/3 grain, may be given every
half hour or hour until from 0.1 to 0.2 Gm., or from 1-1/2 to
3 grains have been given. In the treatment of syphilis
0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grain in oily suspension is injected about
once a week.

_Lotio Nigra (Lot. Nigr.), Black Lotion, N.F._ (Black Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Nigra).--A suspension of mercurous oxide, Hg{2}O, produced by the action of lime water on mild mercurous chloride.

USES: Mercurial antiseptic.

_Pulvis Hydrargyri Chloridi Mitis et Jalapae (Pulv. Hydrarg. Chlor. Mit. et Jalap.), Powder of Mild Mercurous Chloride and Jalap, N.F._ (Calomel and Jalap).--Mild mercurous chloride (34%) and jalap (66%).

USES: Drastic purgative.

DOSAGE: 0.65 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.)

=*Hydrargyri Iodidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Iod. Flav.), Yellow Mercurous Iodide, U.S.P.= (Mercurous Iodide, Protoiodide of Mercury, Yellow Iodide of Mercury).--HgI.

Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in
water and wholly insoluble in alcohol or ether. Decomposed by
oxidizing agents, alkalies and the haloid salts of the alkali
metals (chlorides, bromides or iodides).

ACTION AND USES: Used principally as an antisyphilitic;
generally given in the form of pills. Like all ingestion
methods of treating syphilis, much less reliable than the
intramuscular administration of mercurials and is falling
into disuse on account of relative inefficiency. Has proved
of value in lichen ruber planus.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.)

=*Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Iod. Rub.), Red Mercuric Iodide, U.S.P.= (Biniodide of Mercury, Mercuric Iodide, Red Iodide of Mercury).--HgI{2}.

Scarlet-red, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in
water and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:115); soluble in solutions
of soluble iodides, sodium thiosulphate and hot solutions of alkali
chlorides.

ACTION AND USES: Mercuric Iodide, dissolved with
potassium or sodium iodide, is used as an antiseptic, germicide
and antisyphilitic. It is practically as effective as
mercuric chloride and less irritant or corrosive.

DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Hydrargyri et Potassii Iodidi (Liq. Hydrarg. et Pot. Iod.), Solution of Mercury and Potassium Iodide, N.F._ (Solution of Potassium Iodohydrargyrate, Channing's Solution).--Red mercuric iodide (1%), potassium iodide (0.8%), and water.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (N.F.)

=Hydrargyri Nitras, Mercuric Nitrate.=--Hg(NO{3}){2}.

_Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis (Liq. Hydrarg. Nit.), Solution of Mercuric Nitrate, N.F._--Hg(NO{3}){2} (60%).

USES: Caustic.

_Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (Ung. Hydrarg. Nit.), Ointment of Mercuric Nitrate, U.S.P._ (Citrine Ointment).--Mercuric nitrate (equivalent to mercury 7%) in lard.

=*Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.=--HgO.

Light orange-yellow, heavy, odorless powder, with a somewhat
metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol,
readily dissolved by dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

ACTION AND USES: The ointment is used, especially on
the eye, as an antiseptic and stimulant; also to some extent
in impetiginous affections.

DOSAGE: For the eye, 2 per cent.; for the skin, from 5 to
10 per cent.

_Lotio Flava (Lot. Flav.), Yellow Lotion, N.F._ (Yellow Wash, Aqua Phagedaenica Flava).--A suspension of mercuric oxide produced by the action of lime water on mercuric chloride.

USES: Mercurial antiseptic.

_*Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Flav.), Ointment of Yellow Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P._--Yellow mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

=Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Red Mercuric Oxide, U.S.P.= (Red Precipitate).--HgO.

Heavy, orange-red scales or powder, odorless and with a somewhat
metallic taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol,
readily dissolved by nitric acid.

ACTION AND USES: Occasionally used externally in the
form of an ointment and as a parasiticide. Without
advantage over yellow oxide.

_Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri (Ung. Hydrarg. Oxid. Rub.), Ointment of Red Mercuric Oxide, N.F._--Red mercuric oxide (10%) in water, hydrous wool fat and petrolatum.

=*Hydrargyri Salicylas (Hydrarg. Salicyl.), Mercuric Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Mercuric Subsalicylate).--Contains Hg (about 57%).

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble
in water or alcohol. Dissolved by solutions of the fixed alkalies
or their carbonates.

ACTION AND USES: Used as antisyphilitic especially by
intramuscular injection of oily suspensions; also as local
antiseptic.

DOSAGE: 0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain (U.S.P.). By intramuscular
injection, 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims of a 10 per cent.
suspension in liquid petrolatum once in four days

=*Hydrargyrum (Hydrarg.), Mercury, U.S.P.= (Quicksilver).--Hg.

Shining, silver-white, odorless, tasteless metal, liquid at
ordinary temperatures. Insoluble in the ordinary solvents.

ACTION AND USES: Its preparations are used to secure
the systemic effects of mercury and locally against
parasites.

_*Hydrargyrum cum Creta (Hydrarg. cum Cret.), Mercury with Chalk, U.S.P._ (Gray Powder).--Mercury (38%), with prepared chalk (57%), honey and water.

Light gray, odorless, rather damp powder, with a slightly sweet
taste.

ACTION AND USES: A mild cathartic acting like calomel.
Also used in the treatment of infantile and hereditary
syphilis and of syphilis in aged patients.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as powder.

_*Massa Hydrargyri (Mass. Hydrarg.), Mass of Mercury, U.S.P._ (Blue Mass, Blue Pill).--Hg (about 33%) in pill mass.

USES: Mainly as cathartic.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Oleatum Hydrargyri (Oleat. Hydrarg.), Oleate of Mercury, U.S.P._--A mixture of mercury oleate and oleic acid equivalent to 25 per cent. of HgO.

USES: Alterative, antisyphilitic; rarely used.

_Petroxolinum Hydrargyri (Petrox. Hydrarg.), Mercury Petroxolin, N.F._ (Mercury Petrox).--Mercury (30%) in hydrous wool fat, oleic acid and solid petroxolin.

_*Unguentum Hydrargyri (Ung. Hydrarg.), Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P._--Metallic mercury (about 50%) and oleate of mercury (2%) with prepared suet and benzoinated lard.

USES: Especially to secure the systemic effects of mercury
by inunction.

_*Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum (Ung. Hydrarg. Dil.), Diluted Mercurial Ointment, U.S.P._ (Blue Ointment, Hydrargyri Unguentum P.I.).--Mercurial ointment (60%) equivalent to about 30 per cent. of metallic mercury, with petrolatum.

USES: Especially in pediculosis.

=*Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P.= (White Precipitate).--Mercurammonium chloride, HgNH{2}Cl, corresponding to about 79 per cent. of Hg.

White, odorless lumps or powder, with an earthy, afterward styptic
and metallic taste. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: The ointment is extensively used as
a cutaneous antiseptic especially for impetigo contagiosa
and other pustular dermatoses and ringworm of the scalp.
Also used for removing scales of psoriasis. It may cause
salivation.

DOSAGE: From 2 to 10 per cent. ointment.

_*Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati (Ung. Hydrarg. Ammon.), Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury, U.S.P._ (White Precipitate Ointment).--Ammoniated mercury (10%) in white petrolatum and hydrous wool fat.

=Hydrastina (Hydrastina), Hydrastine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from hydrastis or prepared synthetically.

White crystals or powder. Almost insoluble in water, soluble in
alcohol (1:170).

ACTION AND USES: Used in the treatment of urethral
and vesical catarrh and as a systemic hemostatic, especially
in excessive menstruation. Its efficiency and the mechanism
of its action are doubtful.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

=Hydrastinae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Hydrastine Chloride).

White, odorless, bitter powder. Very soluble in water and in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Those of hydrastine.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Hydrastinae Compositus (Liq. Hydrastin. Co.), Compound Solution of Hydrastine, N.F._ (Colorless Hydrastine Solution).--Hydrastine hydrochloride (0.3%), aluminum chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride (each 0.3%), potassium chloride (0.1%) in glycerin and water.

USES: Complex and irrational astringent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum (Hydrastinin. Hydrochl.), Hydrastinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Hydrastinine Chloride).--The hydrochloride of hydrastinine, an alkaloid obtained synthetically from hydrastine.

Yellowish, odorless crystals or powder. Soluble in chloroform
(1:195); very soluble in water and alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Hydrastinine resembles hydrastine
in its action but is said to be less depressing. Hydrastinine
has a pronounced pressor effect on peripheral vessels,
causing a rise of blood pressure.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.)

=*Hydrastis (Hydrastis), Hydrastis, U.S.P.= (Golden Seal).--Rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids, chiefly hydrastin.

ACTION AND USES: Hydrastis is an unpleasant bitter;
it possesses no advantages over other simple bitters
(gentian). It has been asserted to have a special influence
on mucous membranes favoring their nutrition and return
to a normal condition. There is little or no experimental
evidence to bear out the claim for any special action.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Hydrastis (Ext. Hydrast.), Extract of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Extract of Golden Seal, Powdered Extract of Hydrastis).--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hydrastis. Yields about 10 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Fluidextractum Hydrastis (Fldext. Hydrast.), Fluidextract of Hydrastis, U.S.P._--Hydrastis (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Glyceritum Hydrastis (Glycer. Hydrast.), Glycerite of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Golden Seal).--Hydrastis (100%) yielding not less than 1.245 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Hydrastis (Tr. Hydrast.), Tincture of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Golden Seal).--Hydrastis (20%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of hydrastin; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=*Hydrogenii Dioxidum, Hydrogen Dioxide= (Hydrogen Peroxide).--H{2}O{2}.

_*Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Liq. Hydrog. Diox.), Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide, U.S.P._ (Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidii, U.S.P. VIII, Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide).--H{2}O{2} (not less than 3%).

ACTION AND USES: Nontoxic and fairly efficient local
antiseptic and detergent, useful mainly for the destruction
of pus. Used on suppurating wounds and as a mouthwash
and gargle; also as a bleaching agent. Should not be
injected into a wound unless free drainage is present.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.). For external
application should be diluted about 1:4.

=Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromidum (Hyoscyamin. Hydrobr.), Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Hyoscyamine Bromide).--Obtained from hyoscyamus and other plants of the nightshade family.

White, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5) and in
chloroform (1:1.7); very soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of atropine; is
usually more sedative to the brain, but at times produces
acute delirium. The drug is very uncertain.

DOSAGE: 0.3 mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Hyoscyamus (Hyosc.), Hyoscyamus, U.S.P.= (Henbane, Hyoscyami Folium, P.I.).--Leaves and tops, yielding not less than 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of belladonna.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Hyoscyami (Ext. Hyosc.), Extract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hyoscyamus. Yields about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Hyoscyami (Fldext. Hyosc.), Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Henbane).--Hyoscyamus (100%) yielding about 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids, chiefly hyoscyamine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Oleum Hyoscyami Compositum (Ol. Hyosc. Co.), Compound Oil of Hyoscyamus, N.F._ (Balsamum Tranquillans).--Infused oil of hyoscyamus (hyoscyamus 10%) flavored with oils of lavender, peppermint, rosemary and thyme.

_*Tinctura Hyoscyami (Tr. Hyosc.), Tincture of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Henbane, Hyoscyami Tinctura, P.I.).--Hyoscyamus (10%), yielding about 0.0065 per cent. of hyoscyamus alkaloids; in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Hypophysis Sicca (Hypophysis Sic.), Desiccated Hypophysis, U.S.P.= (Desiccated Pituitary Body).--The posterior lobe obtained from the pituitary body of cattle.

A yellowish or grayish powder with a characteristic odor. Partially
soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Solutions are used, hypodermically, to strengthen
uterine contractions in prolonged labor. They also stimulate
peristalsis and have been used with some success after abdominal
operations and as a vasomotor stimulant. Oral administration is
ineffective.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Liquor Hypophysis (Liq. Hypophysis), Solution of Hypophysis, U.S.P._ (Solution of the Pituitary Body).--Contains the water-soluble principles from the fresh posterior lobe of the pituitary body of cattle. Assayed by testing against a standard solution of beta-iminazolyl-ethylamine hydrochloride by the method of the U.S. Hygienic Laboratory.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=Ignatia (Ignat.), Ignatia, N.F.= (Saint Ignatius Bean, Ignatia Amara).--Seeds of _Strychnos ignatii_.

ACTION AND USES: Constituents and actions similar to
those of nux vomica, over which ignatia has no advantage,
being less reliable.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

_Extractum Ignatiae (Ext. Ignat.), Extract of Ignatia, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Ignatia).--A hydroalcoholic extract, yielding about 6 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).

_Tinctura Ignatiae (Tr. Ignat.), Tincture of Ignatia, N.F._--Ignatia (10%), yielding about 0.2 per cent. of ignatia alkaloids; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

=INFUSA, INFUSIONS.=--Aqueous preparations made by pouring hot or cold water over a vegetable drug, allowing the mixture to stand for a definite period and then straining. For the official infusions, see under the names of the respective drugs.

=Inula (Inula), Inula, N.F.= (Elecampane).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: At one time used in bronchitis. No
scientific indications for its use.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

=INUNCTA, INUNCTIONS.=--Semisolid ointment-like preparations used for external application. For the various inunctions see under the names of the principal ingredients.

=*Iodoformum (Iodof.), Iodoform, U.S.P.=--Triiodomethane, CHI{3}.

Lemon-yellow powder or lustrous crystals, with a peculiar,
penetrating odor and an unpleasant, slightly sweetish taste
suggestive of iodine. Nearly insoluble in water, to which, however,
it imparts its odor and taste; soluble in alcohol (1:60) and in
glycerin (1:80).

ACTION AND USES: Used as dusting powder, promoting
healing by granulation. Oily suspensions are also used in
treatment of tuberculous fistulas.

_Collodium Iodoformi (Collod. Iodof.), Iodoform Collodion, N.F._--Iodoform (5%) in flexible collodion.

USES: There appears to be no advantage in applying
iodoform in collodion.

_Glycerogelatinum Iodoformi (Glycerogel. Iodof.), Iodoform Glycerogelatin, N.F._--Iodoform (10%), water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.

_Iodoformum Aromatisatum (Iodof. Arom.), Aromatized Iodoform, N.F._--Coumarin (4%) and iodoform.

_Petroxolinum Iodoformi (Petrox. Iodof.), Iodoform Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodoform Petrox.).--An unstable preparation made from iodoform (3%), acetone, oleic acid, eucalyptol and liquid petroxolin.

_Unguentum Iodoformi (Ung. Iodof.), Iodoform Ointment, U.S.P._--Iodoform (10%) in benzoinated lard.

=*Iodum (Iodum), Iodine, U.S.P.=--I.

Heavy, bluish-black, brittle plates, with a metallic luster, a
distinctive odor and a sharp, acrid taste. Very slightly soluble in
water (1:2950) and soluble in alcohol (1:12.5). Freely soluble in
solutions of alkali iodides.

ACTION AND USES: The tincture and compound solution
are used externally as local irritant and antiseptic. The
irritant action can be easily graduated by successive application.
It is rarely used internally for the systemic effects
of iodides.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), largely
diluted.

_Collodium Iodi (Collod. Iodi), Iodine Collodion, N.F._--Iodine (5%) in flexible collodion.

USES: There appears little advantage in applying iodine
in collodion.

_Liquor Iodi Compositus (Liq. Iodi Co.), Compound Solution of Iodine, U.S.P._ (Lugol's Solution).--Iodine (5%) and potassium iodide (10%) in water.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Iodi Phenolatus (Liq. Iod. Phenol.), Phenolated Solution of Iodine, N.F._ (Liquor Iodi Carbolatus, N.F. III, Carbolized Solution of Iodine, Boulton's Solution, French Mixture).--Compound solution of iodine (1.5%), liquefied phenol (0.6%), glycerin and water. The iodine combines with the phenol.

USES: Antiseptic.

_Petroxolinum Iodi (Petrox. Iod.), Iodine Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodine Petrox 10%).--An unstable preparation, containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions, with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; prepared from iodine (10%) and liquid petroxolin.

_Petroxolinum Iodi Dilutum (Petrox. Iod. Dil.), Diluted Iodine Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodine Petrox 5%).--An unstable preparation containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; made from iodine (5%) and liquid petroxolin. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

_Syrupus Iodotannicus (Syr. Iodotan.), Syrup of Iodotannin, N.F._--Made by combining iodine (0.27%) with tannic acid (0.54%) in syrup. Contains iodine probably in the form of an iodide.

USES: Similar to those of potassium iodide; without
advantage over the latter.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Iodi (Tr. Iodi), Tincture of Iodine, U.S.P._--An alcoholic solution of iodine (about 7%) and potassium iodide (about 5%). Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Iodi Decolorata (Tr. Iod. Decolor.), Decolorized Tincture of Iodine, N.F._--A solution of sodium iodide and ammonium iodide obtained by mixing iodine and sodium thiosulphate (each 8.3%), stronger ammonia water (6.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent. Does not contain free iodine.

USES: For external use; of doubtful utility.

_Tinctura Iodi Fortior (Tr. Iod. Fort.), Stronger Tincture of Iodine, N.F._ (Churchill's Tincture of Iodine).--Iodine (16.5%) and potassium iodide (3.3%) in water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

_Unguentum Iodi (Ung. Iodi), Iodine Ointment, U.S.P._--Iodine (4%) and potassium iodide (4%) in glycerin and benzoinated lard. Should be made as required.

=*Ipecacuanha (Ipecac.), Ipecac, U.S.P.= (Ipecacuanhae Radix, P.I.).--A root, yielding not less than 1.75 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Used as irritant, nauseant, expectorant
and emetic. Also specific against amebic dysentery,
but in this use has been practically displaced by emetine.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Expectorant,
0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

_*Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae (Fldext. Ipecac.), Fluidextract of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Ipecac (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=

_*Syrupus Ipecacuanhae (Syr. Ipecac.), Syrup of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of ipecac (7%) and acetic acid (1%) in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: Expectorant, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.);
emetic, 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii and Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=

_Vinum Ipecacuanhae (Vin. Ipecac.), Wine of Ipecac, N.F._--Fluidextract of ipecac (10%, yielding about 0.2% ipecac alkaloids) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 27 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

=Iris (Iris), Orris, N.F.= (Orris Root).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: At one time thought to be a mild
digestive stimulant, slightly cathartic and diuretic. Now
employed as dusting powder, tooth powder and perfume.

=Iris Versicolor (Iris Vers.), Blue Flag, N.F.=--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic; without advantage
over resin of podophyllum.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Iridis Versicoloris (Fldext. Iri. Ver.), Fluidextract of Blue Flag, N.F._--Blue flag (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Jalapa (Jalap.), Jalap, U.S.P.=--A root, yielding not less than 7 per cent. of resins.

ACTION AND USES: Drastic hydragogue cathartic, used
especially in dropsies. Preferred to other resinous cathartics,
as being rather less irritant.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Jalapae (Ext. Jalap.), Extract of Jalap, N.F._--An alcoholic extract.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Jalapae (Fldext. Jalap.), Fluidextract of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_*Pulvis Jalapae Compositus (Pulv. Jalap. Co.), Compound Powder of Jalap, U.S.P._ (Pulvis Purgans).--Jalap (35%) and potassium bitartrate (65%).

USES: Useful hydragogue cathartic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Resina Jalapae (Res. Jalap.), Resin of Jalap, U.S.P._--The resin from jalap.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Jalapae (Tr. Jalap.), Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Jalapae Composita (Tr. Jalap. Co.), Compound Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (12.5%) and resin of scammony (3%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Juglans (Juglan.), Juglans, N.F.= (Butternut Bark, White Walnut Bark).--Inner bark of the roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic, without advantage
over cascara.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Juglandis (Fldext. Jugland.), Fluidextract of Juglans, N.F._--Juglans (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Juniperus (Junip.), Juniper Berries, N.F.=--Ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Irritant to urinary organs, owing to
the chief constituent, a volatile oil. The spirit is sometimes
used as an irritant diuretic.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Juniperi (Fldext. Junip.), Fluidextract of Juniper Berries, N.F._--Juniper (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Kaolinum (Kaolinum), Kaolin, N.F.=--Purified native aluminum silicate.

White or nearly white powder or lumps with an earthy taste.
Insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Used in a poultice, cataplasma kaolini,
similar to proprietary preparations. Internally, as absorbent
in diarrhea and dysentery.

DOSAGE: Tablespoonful dry or in tea several times daily.

_Cataplasma Kaolini (Catapl. Kaolin.), Cataplasm of Kaolin, N.F._--A mixture of kaolin and glycerin with boric acid aromatized with thymol, methyl salicylate and oil of peppermint.

USES: Not superior to flaxseed or bread-and-milk
poultices.

=Kava (Kava), Kava, N.F.= (Methysticum, Kava Kava).--Rhizome and roots of _Piper methysticum_.

ACTION AND USES: Mild irritant, without advantage over
cubeb. Often inert. Owes its properties to an oleoresin.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Kavae (Fldext. Kav.), Fluidextract of Kava, N.F._--Kava (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Kino (Kino), Kino, U.S.P.=--A dried plant juice.

Dark brown fragments or brick-red powder, odorless and having an
astringent taste. Partly soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: Used as intestinal and pharyngeal
astringent; has no special advantage over other vegetable
astringents, such as krameria.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Kino et Opii Compositus (Pulv. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Powder of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Pulvis Kino Compositus, N.F. III).--Kino (75%), and powdered opium (5%) with Saigon cinnamon.

USES: Antidiarrheic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Kino (Tr. Kino), Tincture of Kino, U.S.P._--Kino (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 49 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita (Tr. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Tincture of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Tinctura Kino Composita, N.F. III, Compound Tincture of Kino).--Kino (2%), opium (1%), spirit of camphor (6.5%), oil of clove, cochineal and aromatic spirit of ammonia in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

USES: Antidiarrheic; undesirably complex.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Kola (Kola), Kola, N.F.= (Cola, Kola Nuts, Cola Nuts).--The peeled seeds.

ACTION AND USES: Possesses stimulant actions of its
caffein and theobromin. Without advantage over coffee.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Kolae (Fldext. Kol.), Fluidextract of Kola, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Sterculiae, N.F. III).--Kola (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Krameria (Kramer.), Krameria, N.F.= (Rhatany).--Root.

ACTION AND USES: Powerful astringent; like other
tannin-containing drugs, is rapidly passing out of use.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Extractum Krameriae (Ext. Kramer.), Extract of Krameria, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Krameria).--An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 4 Gm. krameria.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Krameriae (Fldext. Kramer.), Fluidextract of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Fluidglyceratum Krameriae (Fldglycer. Kramer.), Fluidglycerate of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Krameriae (Syr. Kramer.), Syrup of Krameria, N.F._--Fluidextract of krameria (45%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Krameriae (Tr. Kramer.), Tincture of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Lac Vaccinum (Lac Vaccinum), Cow's Milk, N.F.=

_Lac Fermentatum (Lac Ferment.), Fermented Milk, N.F._ (Kumyss).--A fermentation product obtained by the action of yeast on cow's milk to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. The following is an unofficial formula:

Take a quart of skim milk, one-fifth of a cake of yeast and two tablespoonfuls of sugar. Heat the milk. Dissolve the yeast in a little water and mix it with the sugar and lukewarm milk. Pour the mixture into strong bottles, stopper them tightly with new corks, and tie down the corks with strong twine. Shake the bottles well and place in a refrigerator to ferment slowly. After three days lay the bottles on their sides, turning them occasionally. Five days are required to complete the fermentation.

DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Lactucarium (Lactucar.), Lactucarium, U.S.P.=--The dried juice of a species of wild lettuce.

ACTION AND USES: Inefficient and obsolete hypnotic and
respiratory sedative. The proprietary preparation to which
its popularity was due was found to contain morphine.
Lactucarium is now seldom used.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Not given as
such.

_Syrupus Lactucarii (Syr. Lactucar.), Syrup of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Tincture of lactucarium (10%) and citric acid, flavored with orange flower water, in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.). Absolute
alcohol content about 5 per cent.

_Tinctura Lactucarii (Tr. Lactucar.), Tincture of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Lactucarium (50%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Lappa (Lappa), Lappa, N.F.= (Burdock Root).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete "alterative," used in
nostrums.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Lappae (Fldext. Lapp.), Fluidextract of Lappa, N.F._--Lappa (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Leptandra (Leptand.), Leptandra, N.F.= (Culver's Root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Unreliable cathartic; without advantage
over resin of podophyllum.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Extractum Leptandrae (Ext. Leptand.), Extract of Leptandra, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Leptandra).--A hydroalcoholic extract, diluted with starch. One Gm. represents 4 Gm. leptandra.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Leptandrae (Fldext. Leptand.), Fluidextract of Leptandra, N.F._--Leptandra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Limonis Cortex (Limon. Cort.), Lemon Peel, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Used for the preparation of lemon
flavors.

_Tinctura Limonis Corticis (Tr. Limon. Cort.), Tincture of Lemon Peel, U.S.P._--Fresh lemon peel (50%) treated with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.

=LINIMENTA, LINIMENTS.=--Liquid preparations intended for external application. For the various official liniments, see under the names of the respective chief ingredients.

=*Linum (Linum), Linseed, U.S.P.= (Flaxseed).--Used in demulcent infusions, also when crushed or ground in poultices. If employed where the skin is broken the entire poultice should be sterilized by boiling before it is applied, in order to avoid infection.

=LIQUORES, SOLUTIONS.=--Aqueous liquid preparations in which one or more substances are completely dissolved.

For the various official solutions, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, see under =Arseni Trioxidum=; for Liquor Antisepticus, under =Acidum Boricum=; for Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus, under =Potassii Bicarbonas=; for Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi, under =Arseni Iodidum=; for Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens, under =Potassii Arsenas=; for Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae, under =Calcii Sulphidum Crudum=; for Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetas, under =Ammonii Acetas=; for Liquor Zinci et Alumini Compositus and Liquor Zinci et Ferri Compositus, under =Zinci Sulphas=.

=Lithii Bromidum (Lith. Brom.), Lithium Bromide, U.S.P.=--LiBr (not less than 85%).

White, granular, odorless, very deliquescent salt with a sharp,
slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in
alcohol and in ether.

ACTION AND USES: Used like other bromides, over which
it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent
properties of lithium, see =Lithii Carbonas=.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Lithii Bromidi (Elix. Lith. Brom.), Elixir of Lithium Bromide, N.F._--Lithium bromide (8.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Lithii Carbonas (Lith. Carb.), Lithium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--Li{2}CO{3}.

Light white, odorless powder with an alkaline taste. Soluble in
water (1:78); almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used in the same way as sodium
carbonate; without advantage over the latter. Lithium
was formerly given to promote the elimination of urates
because it was supposed to have special urate-solvent
properties, but under the conditions existing in the body
these properties do not come into play.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=Lithii Citras (Lith. Cit.), Lithium Citrate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless powder or granules, with a cooling, faintly
alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4), very slightly
soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used like citrates of sodium or potassium,
over which it has no advantage. For the supposed
urate-solvent properties of lithium, see Lithii Carbonas.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Lithii Citratis (Elix. Lith. Cit.), Elixir of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (8.5%), in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: An objectionable alcoholic preparation of lithium.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Sal Lithii Citratis Effervescens (Sal. Lith. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (5%), sodium bicarbonate (57%), tartaric acid (30%) and citric acid, the three last-named yielding sodium tartrate and sodium citrate.

USES: Superfluous, and in view of its small lithium
content, misnamed.

DOSAGE: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).

=Lithii Salicylas (Lith. Salicyl.), Lithium Salicylate, N.F.=--

White or grayish white odorless powder, with a sweetish taste;
deliquescent in a moist atmosphere. Very soluble in water or
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: As a salicylate, inferior to sodium
salicylate. Adequate doses would produce the toxic effects
of lithium. For the supposed urate-solvent effects of
lithium salts, see =Lithii Carbonas=.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Elixir Lithii Salicylatis (Elix. Lith. Salicyl.), Elixir of Lithium Salicylate, N.F._--Lithium salicylate (8.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: An objectionable alcoholic salicylic preparation.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Lobelia (Lobel.), Lobelia, U.S.P.= (Indian Tobacco).--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Expectorant, nauseant and emetic,
resembling nicotine. Has fallen into disuse because of
dangerous effects.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Lobeliae (Fldext. Lobel.), Fluidextract of Lobelia, U.S.P._--Lobelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Cc. or 2-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Lobeliae (Tr. Lobel.), Tincture of Lobelia, U.S.P._ (Lobeliae Tinctura, P.I.).--Lobelia (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=LOTIONES, LOTIONS= (Washes).--Liquid mixtures, usually of solid medicinal substances suspended in water for external use.

For the various official lotions see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, see under =Ammonia=; for Lotio Flava, under =Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum=; for Lotio Nigra, under =Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite=; for Lotio Plumbi et Opii, under =Plumbi Acetas=.

=Lupulinum (Lupul.), Lupulin, N.F.=--Glandular powder separated from hops.

ACTION AND USES: Bitter tonic without material advantage
over gentian. Reputed hypnotic and anaphrodisiac
effects probably attributable to the alcohol in which it is
commonly dissolved.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Lupulini (Fldext. Lupul.), Fluidextract of Lupulin, N.F._--Lupulin (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Oleoresina Lupulini (Oleores. Lupul.), Oleoresin of Lupulin, N.F._--The ether extract of lupulin.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Lycopodium (Lycopod.), Lycopodium, U.S.P.=--The spores of a moss.

Very inflammable.

ACTION AND USES: Used as an inert dusting powder for
the skin, and as diluent for insufflations of boric acid,
tannin, etc., for the throat, nose and ear.

=Macis (Macis), Mace, N.F.=--The arillode (inner covering) removed from nutmeg (myristica).

Yellowish or brownish, fragrant, branched and lobed bands, or
orange-buff or orange-brown powder, with a warm, aromatic taste.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative
without advantage over cardamom.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

=MAGMATA, MAGMAS.=--Suspensions of insoluble or nearly insoluble substances.

=*Magnesii Carbonas (Mag. Carb.), Magnesium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Light, white, friable masses or bulky white powder, odorless and
with a slight earthy taste. Practically insoluble in water;
insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used internally against gastric hyperacidity
and as a mild laxative; externally as dusting
powder. See also Magma Magnesiae, under =Magnesii
Hydroxidum=.

DOSAGE: 3 Gm. or 45 grains (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Magnesiae, Asafoetidae et Opii (Mist. Mag. Asafoet. et Opii), Mixture of Magnesia, Asafetida and Opium, N.F._ (Mistura Magnesiae et Asafoetidae, N.F. III, Dewees' Carminative).--Magnesium carbonate (5%), tincture of asafetida (7.5%), tincture of opium (1%), and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

USES: Complex and irrational mixture intended for use
in diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Magnesii Chloridum (Magnes. Chlorid.), Magnesium Chloride, N.F.=--MgCl{2} + 6H{2}O.

Colorless transparent crystals or white translucent pieces;
deliquescent in moist air. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and
soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage
over magnesium sulphate.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

=*Magnesii Citras, Magnesium Citrate.=

_*Liquor Magnesii Citratis (Liq. Mag. Cit.), Solution of Magnesium Citrate, U.S.P._--Magnesium citrate corresponding to not less than 1.5 per cent. of magnesium oxide.

USES: Efficient and not distasteful mild saline laxative.

DOSAGE: 350 Cc. or 12 fluidounces (1 bottle) (U.S.P.).

=Magnesii Hydroxidum, Magnesium Hydroxide.=

_Magma Magnesiae (Magma Mag.), Magnesia Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of Magnesia).--A suspension of magnesium hydroxide in water [equivalent to about 7% Mg(OH){2}] forming a thick, white liquid.

USES: Widely used as mild alkaline laxative and tooth
wash.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=*Magnesii Oxidum (Mag. Oxid.), Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, Light Magnesia).--MgO (not less than 96%).

A white, bulky, odorless powder with an earthy but not saline
taste. Almost insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Useful antacid and laxative.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

=Magnesii Oxidum Ponderosum (Mag. Oxid. Pond.), Heavy Magnesium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Heavy Magnesia).--MgO (96%).

White, dense powder.

ACTION AND USES: Used like magnesium oxide.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).