Chapter VII: Part 7

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_*Fluidextractum Sennae (Fldext. Senn.), Fluidextract of Senna, U.S.P._--Senna (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Infusum Sennae Compositum (Inf. Senn. Co.), Compound Infusion of Senna, U.S.P._--Senna (6%), magnesium sulphate (12%), manna (12%) and fennel in water.

DOSAGE: 120 Cc. or 4 fluidounces (U.S.P.).

_*Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus (Pulv. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._ (Compound Licorice Powder).--Senna (18%), washed sulphur (8%) with glycyrrhiza, oil of fennel and sugar.

USES: A misnamed senna preparation.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Species Laxativae (Spec. Lax.), Laxative Species, N.F._ (Species Laxantes, N.F. III, St. Germain Tea).--Senna (40%), potassium bitartrate (10%), elder flowers, fennel and anise.

DOSAGE: 1.3 Gm. or 20 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Ficorum Compositus (Syr. Ficor. Co.), Compound Syrup of Figs, N.F._--Fluidextract of senna (20%), aromatic fluidglycerate of cascara sagrada (10%), with figs, oil of fennel and spirit of peppermint in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

USES: Complex and misnamed cathartic, imitating a
widely advertised "patent medicine."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Syrupus Sennae (Syr. Senn.), Syrup of Senna, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of senna (25%) and oil of coriander in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Sennae Aromaticus (Syr. Senn. Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Senna, N.F._--Fluidextract of senna (12.5%), jalap (5%), rhubarb (1.75%), Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, oil of lemon and sugar in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Syrupus Sennae Compositus (Syr. Senn. Co.), Compound Syrup of Senna, N.F._--Fluidextract of senna (13.5%), fluidextract of rhubarb (3.5%), fluidextract of frangula (3.5%), methyl salicylate (0.4%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 13 per cent.

USES: Complex and irrational cathartic.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)

=Serpentaria (Serpent.), Serpentaria, U.S.P.= (Texas Snakeroot, Virginia Snakeroot).--Rhizome and root.

ACTION AND USES: Bitter with no advantage over gentian;
now less frequently used than formerly.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Serpentariae (Fldext. Serpentar.), Fluidextract of Serpentaria, N.F._--Serpentaria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.

_Tinctura Serpentariae (Tr. Serpent.), Tincture of Serpentaria, N.F._--Serpentaria (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=*Serum Antidiphthericum (Ser. Antidiph.), Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P.= (Diphtheria Antitoxin).--Serum from a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin; has a potency of not less than 250 antitoxic units per Cc.

ACTION AND USES: Curative and prophylactic agent in
diphtheria. The possibility of serum disease must be
remembered. Caution should be exercised when antidiphtheric
serum is administered to persons who have had
asthma, and, above all, "horse asthma." In such cases a
few drops only of the serum may be injected, followed in
fifteen or thirty minutes by the full dose.

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

_*Serum Antidiphthericum Purificatum (Ser. Antidiph. Purif.), Purified Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P._ (Antidiphtheric Globulins, Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin, Diphtheric Antitoxin Globulins, Refined and Concentrated Diphtheria Antitoxin).--Certain antitoxic proteins from the blood serum of a horse properly immunized against diphtheria toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

USES: Less apt to produce serum disease.

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,000 units (U. S, P.); both hypodermic.

_*Serum Antidiphthericum Siccum (Ser. Antidiph. Sicc.), Dried Antidiphtheric Serum, U.S.P._ (Dried Diphtheria Antitoxin).

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,000 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic

=*Serum Antitetanicum (Ser. Antitetan.), Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P.= (Tetanus Antitoxin).--Serum from a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin, dissolved in physiologic solution of sodium chloride.

ACTION AND USES: Prophylactic agent in tetanus; also
used for curative purposes.

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

_*Serum Antitetanicum Purificatum (Ser. Antitetan. Purif.), Purified Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P._ (Antitetanic Globulins, Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Refined and Concentrated Tetanus Antitoxin, Tetanus Antitoxic Globulins).--Certain antitoxic proteins from the serum of a horse properly immunized against tetanus toxin.

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

_*Serum Antitetanicum Siccum (Ser. Antitetan. Sicc.), Dried Antitetanic Serum, U.S.P._ (Dried Tetanus Antitoxin).

USES: May be used as a dusting powder in suspicious
wounds.

DOSAGE: Curative, 10,000 units (U.S.P.); protective,
1,500 units (U.S.P.); both hypodermic.

=Sevum Praeparatum (Sev. Praep.), Prepared Suet, U.S.P.= (Mutton Suet).

A white, solid, almost odorless fat, having a bland taste when
fresh, but becoming rancid on prolonged exposure to air.

ACTION AND USES: Used in the preparation of ointments
and cerates.

_Sevum Benzoinatum (Sev. Benz.), Benzoinated Suet, N.F._--Benzoin (3%) in prepared suet.

USES: Ointment base; superfluous.

=Sinapis Alba (Sinap. Alb.), White Mustard, U.S.P.= (Yellow Mustard).--Ripe seeds.

ACTION AND USES: Develops irritant volatile oil on
contact with water; frequently mixed with black mustard
in powder for use as ground mustard.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

=*Sinapis Nigra (Sinap. Nig.), Black Mustard, U.S.P.= (Brown Mustard).--Ripe seeds.

ACTION AND USES: See =Oleum Sinapis Volatile=.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

_*Emplastrum Sinapis (Emp. Sinap.), Mustard Plaster, U.S.P._ (Charta Sinapis, U.S.P. VIII, Mustard Paper).--A mixture of black mustard, deprived of its fixed oil, and a solution of rubber, spread on paper, cotton cloth or other fabric.

USES: Counterirritant.

=Soda Chlorinata, Chlorinated Soda.=

ACTION AND USES: Hypochlorites in acid, alkaline and
neutral solutions have been found useful in the treatment
of infected wounds. The alkaline solution is represented
by the Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae below, and by the Liquor
Potassae Chlorinatae, which see under Potassa Chlorinata.

_*Liquor Sodae Chlorinatae (Liq. Sod. Chlorinat.), Solution of Chlorinated Soda, U.S.P._ (Labarraque's Solution).--Chlorine compounds of sodium containing not less than 2.5 per cent. available Cl.

=Soda cum Calce (Sod. c. Calc.), Soda with Lime, N.F.= (London Paste).--Sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide (each 50%).

ACTION AND USES: Caustic.

=Sodii Acetas (Sod. Acet.), Sodium Acetate, U.S.P.=--NaC{2}H{3}O{2} + 3H{2}O.

Colorless crystals or granular powder, odorless or nearly odorless,
and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.8)
and soluble in alcohol (1:19).

ACTION AND USES: Practically identical with those of
Potassii Acetas, which see.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=Sodii Arsenas (Sod. Arsen.), Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P.= (Arsenas Sodii, P.I.).--Na{2}HAsO{4} + 7H{2}O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, efflorescent in dry air, and somewhat
deliquescent in moist air. Freely soluble in water (1:1.5) and
slightly soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Has the same general action and uses
as arsenic trioxide, but is less active.

DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.). Usually
given in the form of solution or pill.

_Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus (Sod. Arsen. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P._--Na{2}HAsO{4}.

White, odorless, amorphous powder. Freely soluble in water (1:3.1),
but only slightly soluble in alcohol.

DOSAGE: 0.003 Gm. or 1/20 grain (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Sodii Arsenatis (Liq. Sod. Arsen.), Solution of Sodium Arsenate, U.S.P._--Exsiccated sodium arsenate (about 1%) in water.

USES: No advantage over other arsenicals.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, Pearson (Liq. Sod. Arsen. Pearson), Pearson's Solution of Sodium Arsenate, N.F._ (Liquor Arsenicalis Pearsonii).--Exsiccated sodium arsenate (0.1%) in water. Should not be confounded with Liquor Sodii Arsenatis, U.S.P., which is ten times stronger.

USES: Superfluous arsenic preparation.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Sodii Benzoas (Sod. Benz.), Sodium Benzoate, U.S.P.=--Na(C{6}H{5}.COO).

White, odorless, sweetish powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.8),
and soluble in alcohol (1:61). Incompatible with mineral acids and
ferric salts.

ACTION AND USES: Has the action of benzoic acid, but is
less irritating. Mild antiseptic, practically non-toxic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=Sodii Benzosulphinidum (Sod. Benzosulphin.), Sodium Benzosulphinide, U.S.P.= (Sodium-Saccharin, Soluble Saccharin).

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless or nearly odorless,
and having an intensely sweet taste. Freely soluble in water
(1:1.2) and soluble in alcohol (1:50).

ACTION AND USES: Those of benzosulphinide (saccharin),
but with the advantage of ready solubility.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Sodii Bicarbonas (Sod. Bicarb.), Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P.= (Baking Soda).--NaHCO{3}.

A white, odorless powder, having a cooling, mildly alkaline taste.
Decomposed by acids and converted by boiling into the normal
carbonate. Soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a non-caustic alkali in conditions
of acidosis, and to neutralize the acid of the gastric
juice in hyperacidity and gastric ulcer. May be used
intravenously in cases of extreme acidosis. Externally,
used as a mild alkaline wash.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For intravenous
injection a 6 per cent. solution sterilized by boiling and
thus partly converted into the normal carbonate has been
recommended. One thousand Cc. of such a solution may
be injected, but great care must be taken that none of the
liquid gets outside the veins lest necrosis of the tissues
occur.

_Liquor Sodae et Menthae (Liq. Sod. et Menth.), Solution of Soda and Mint, N.F._ (Mistura Sodae et Menthae, N.F. III, Soda Mint).--Sodium bicarbonate (5%), aromatic spirit of ammonia (1%) and spearmint water.

USES: Antacid and carminative.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Sal Vichyanum Factitium (Sal Vichy. Fact.), Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F._--Potassium carbonate (3.85%), magnesium sulphate (8%), sodium chloride (7.7%) and sodium bicarbonate (84.6%).

USES: Alkaline saline cathartic.

_Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt, N.F._ (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).--Artificial vichy salt (25%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (48.5%), tartaric acid (16.45%) and citric acid (yielding sodium citrate and tartrate).

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Sal Vichyanum Factitium Effervescens cum Lithio (Sal Vichy. Fact. Eff. c. Lith.), Effervescent Artificial Vichy Salt with Lithium, N.F._ (Pulvis Salis Vichyani Factitii Effervescens cum Lithio, N.F. III).--Artificial vichy salt (25%), lithium citrate (8.33%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (44.14%), tartaric acid (12.54%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

USES: Irrational laxative mixture. The lithium serves no
useful purpose.

DOSAGE: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.).

_Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis (Troch. Sod. Bicarb.), Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate, U.S.P._--Each troche contains sodium bicarbonate (0.18 Gm.) with sugar, nutmeg and mucilage of tragacanth.

=*Sodii Boras (Sod. Bor.), Sodium Borate, U.S.P.= (Borax, Sodium Tetraborate, Sodium Pyroborate).--Na{2}B{4}O{7} + 10H{2}O.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a sweetish,
alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:15) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic detergent and alkaline.
Used in the form of solution as a wash both externally and
in the body cavities. Seldom used internally.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Sodii Boratis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Bor. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Borate, N.F._ (Dobell's Solution).--Sodium borate and sodium bicarbonate (each 1.5%) and liquefied phenol (0.3%) in glycerin and water.

USES: Mild antiseptic.

_Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis (Mel Ros. et Sod. Bor.), Honey of Rose and Sodium Borate, N.F._ (Honey of Rose with Borax).--Sodium borate (10%), glycerin and honey of rose.

USES: Alkaline demulcent.

_Mel Sodii Boratis (Mel Sod. Bor.), Honey of Sodium Borate, N.F._ (Mel Boracis, Honey and Borax).--Sodium borate (10%) in glycerin and clarified honey.

USES: Alkaline demulcent

=Sodii Boro-Benzoas (Sod. Boro-Benz.), Sodium Boro-Benzoate, N.F.=--Sodium borate (43%) and sodium benzoate (57%).

ACTION AND USES: Feeble alkaline antiseptic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)

=*Sodii Bromidum (Sod. Brom.), Sodium Bromide, U.S.P.=--NaBr.

White, odorless crystals or powder, having a saline taste. Freely
soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Used as a nerve sedative and cerebral
depressant. Practically identical with potassium bromide
in action and uses, but somewhat less irritating.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Sodii Bromidi (Elix. Sod. Brom.), Elixir of Sodium Bromide, N.F._--Sodium bromide (1.75%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7.5 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.)

=*Sodii Cacodylas (Sod. Cacodyl.), Sodium Cacodylate, U.S.P.=--Sodium dimethylarsenate.

White, odorless, deliquescent crystals or powder. Very soluble in
water (1:0.5) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5).

ACTION AND USES: Is slowly decomposed in the tissues
into trivalent arsenic. The action is thus more gradual
and less toxic than that of other arsenic compounds. Produces
garlic breath. Used especially by hypodermic
injection, in anemias, etc.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.)

=*Sodii Carbonas Monohydratus (Sod. Carb. Monohyd.), Monohydrated Sodium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--Na{2}CO{3} + H{2}O.

White, odorless, granular powder having a strongly alkaline taste.
Freely soluble in water (1:3) and insoluble in alcohol.
Incompatible with acids and acid salts and with the salts of the
heavy metals and alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Antacid and detergent; employed in
medicine chiefly in the preparation of alkaline baths.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.)

=*Sodii Chloridum (Sod. Chlorid.), Sodium Chloride, U.S.P.=--NaCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless, and having a saline
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8), and only slightly soluble
in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used for preparing physiologic salt
solution. Given by mouth in large doses, is emetic and in
proper dilutions, laxative. Excessive use as a seasoning
for foods is particularly harmful in nephritis.

DOSAGE: Emetic, 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Sodii Chloridi Physiologicus (Liq. Sod. Chlor. Physio.), Physiological Solution of Sodium Chloride, U.S.P._ (Physiological Salt Solution, Normal Salt Solution).--Sodium chloride (0.85%) in water.

USES: An indifferent vehicle, used especially for intravenous
injections.

_Sal Kissingense Factitium (Sal Kissingen. Fact.), Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F._--Potassium chloride (2.8%), sodium chloride (59.4%), magnesium sulphate (20%), sodium bicarbonate (17.8%).

USES: Alkaline saline cathartic.

_Sal Kissingense Factitium Effervescens (Sal Kissingen. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Kissingen Salt, N.F. _(Pulvis Salis Kissingensis Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).--Artificial Kissingen salt (40%), sodium bicarbonate (40.6%), tartaric acid (9.4%) and citric acid (yielding sodium tartrate and citrate).

DOSAGE: 5.5 Gm. or 80 grains (N.F.)

=Sodii Citras (Sod. Cit.), Sodium Citrate, U.S.P.=--The hydrated salt.

White, odorless granular powder or small crystals, having a cooling
saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.3); insoluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of potassium citrate.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains.

_Liquor Sodii Citratis (Liq. Sod. Cit.), Solution of Sodium Citrate, N.F._ (Mistura Sodii Citratis, Potio Rivierii).--Sodium citrate (3.5%) in water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Liquor Sodii Citro-Tartratis Effervescens (Liq. Sod. Citro-Tart. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Sodium Citro-Tartrate, N.F._--Sodium tartrate (about 8%) with syrup of citric acid (about 12%) and water.

DOSAGE: The contents of one bottle, about 350 Cc. or
nearly 12 fluidounces (N.F.)

=Sodii Cyanidum (Sod. Cyanid.), Sodium Cyanide, U.S.P.=--NaCN.

White masses or powder, odorless when perfectly dry; deliquescent
in the air and exhaling the odor of hydrocyanic acid. Freely
soluble in cold water.

ACTION AND USES: Sodium cyanide replaces potassium
cyanide, U.S.P. VIII. The alkaline cyanides are rarely
administered internally, but their use in solution has been
suggested as a substitute for diluted hydrocyanic acid

=Sodii Glycerophosphas (Sod. Glycerophos.), Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.= (Sodium Glycerinophosphate).--Hydrated sodium glycerophosphate. Represents not less than 68 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

White, odorless plates, scales or powder, having a saline taste.
Very soluble in hot or cold water and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended in solutions
as a nerve tonic in all kinds of wasting and nervous
diseases. The weight of evidence indicates that the
glycerophosphates are not superior to ordinary phosphates
and that the claims for them as nerve tonics are, therefore,
unfounded.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Glycerophosphatum Compositum (Elix. Glycerophos. Co.), Compound Elixir of Glycerophosphates, N.F. _(Compound Solution of Glycerophosphates).--Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (4%), calcium glycerophosphate (1.6%), ferric glycerophosphate (0.3%), soluble manganese glycerophosphate (0.2%), quinine glycerophosphate (0.1%), strychnine glycerophosphate (0.015%), lactic acid (1%) and compound spirit of cardamom, in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.

USES: A highly complex and therefore irrational preparation
of the inactive glycerophosphates.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Liquor Sodii Glycerophosphatis (Liq. Sod. Glycerophos.). Solution of Sodium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P._--Anhydrous sodium glycerophosphate (not less than 50%) in water.

DOSAGE: 0.35 Cc. or 6 minims (U.S.P.)

=*Sodii Hydroxidum (Sod. Hydrox.), Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P.= (Caustic Soda, Sodium Hydrate).--NaOH (not less than 90%).

White, odorless masses or hard, brittle sticks. Very soluble in
water (1:0.9) and very soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Practically identical with those of
potassium hydroxide.

_*Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi (Liq. Sod. Hydrox.), Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, U.S.P._ (Liquor Sodae, Solution of Soda).--NaOH (about 5%) in water.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=Sodii Hypophosphis (Sod. Hypophos.), Sodium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.=--NaH{2}PO{2} + H{2}O.

Colorless plates or white powder, odorless and having a saline
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: The hypophosphites have been prescribed
as "tonics," but all reliable evidence indicates that
they are inert.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Sodii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Sod. Hypophos.), Elixir of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), hypophosphorous acid (0.4%), and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: Objectionable alcoholic preparation of an inactive
drug.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Syrupus Sodii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Sodium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Sodium hypophosphite (3.5%), and hypophosphorous acid (0.2%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Sodii Indigotindisulphonas (Sod. Indigotin.), Sodium Indigotindisulphonate, U.S.P.= (Indigo Carmine).

Blue powder or dark purple paste. Sparingly soluble in water and
almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Coloring agent.

=*Sodii Iodidum (Sod. Iod.), Sodium Iodide, U.S.P.=--NaI.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline
taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.55) and freely soluble in alcohol
(1:2).

ACTION AND USES: Practically identical with those of
potassium iodide, but less disagreeable in taste; perhaps
somewhat less irritating locally.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Sodii Nitris (Sod. Nitris), Sodium Nitrite, U.S.P.=--NaNO{2}.

Colorless crystals or white or nearly white masses, sticks or
powder, odorless and having a mild saline taste. Deliquescent on
exposure to air, being gradually converted into sodium nitrate.
Freely soluble in water (1:1.5), but only sparingly soluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Vasodilator, similar to nitroglycerin.
The action is probably somewhat slower and more
prolonged.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

=Sodii Perboras (Sod. Perbor.), Sodium Perborate, U.S.P.=--NaBO{3} + 4H{2}O (about 86.5%). Should contain not less than 9 per cent. of available oxygen.

White, odorless granules or powder, having a saline taste. Soluble
in water.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, deodorant and bactericide;
in general, similar to hydrogen peroxide.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.); may be applied
as a dusting powder or in a 2 per cent. solution.

=Sodii Phenolsulphonas (Sod. Phenolsulph.), Sodium Phenolsulphonate, U.S.P.= (Sodium Sulphocarbolate).--The hydrated salt.

Colorless, odorless, somewhat efflorescent crystals or granules,
having a cooling, saline bitter taste. Freely soluble in water
(1:4.2), and only slightly soluble in alcohol (1:140).

ACTION AND USES: Phenolsulphonates were introduced
with the idea that they would be antiseptic like phenol, but
less toxic. Actually, they are practically inert.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Sodii Phosphas (Sod. Phos.), Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P.=--Na{2}HPO{4} + 12H{2}O, representing about 41.5 per cent. of the anhydrous salt.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals or powder, having a
cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.7); insoluble
in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Saline cathartic, similar to magnesium
and sodium sulphate. The taste is less disagreeable.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus (Sod. Phos. Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P._--Na{2}HPO{4}.

White powder which absorbs moisture readily. Freely soluble in
water (1:8.1), but insoluble in alcohol.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus (Liq. Sod. Phos. Co.), Compound Solution of Sodium Phosphate, N.F._--Sodium phosphate (100%) and citric acid in glycerin and water.

USES: Laxative.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_*Sodii Phosphas Effervescens (Sod. Phos. Eff.), Effervescent Sodium Phosphate, U.S.P._--Exsiccated sodium phosphate (20%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (47.7%), tartaric acid (25.2%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

=*Sodii Salicylas (Sod. Salicyl.), Sodium Salicylate, U.S.P.=--C{6}H{4}(OH) (COONa).

White or nearly white, odorless or nearly odorless powder having a
sweet, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely
soluble in alcohol (1:9.2). Incompatible with acids, with acid
salts and with solutions of many of the alkaloids, particularly
quinine, which precipitates as the salicylate.

ACTION AND USES: The salt usually employed to secure
the constitutional action of salicylic acid.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Sodii Salicylatis (Elix. Sod. Salicyl.), Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F._--Sodium salicylate (8.5%), syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Sodii Salicylatis Compositum (Elix. Sod. Salicyl. Co.), Compound Elixir of Sodium Salicylate, N.F._--Sodium salicylate (8%), fluidextract of cimifuga (3.2%), fluidextract of gelsemium (1.6%) and potassium iodide (1.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

USES: An irrational rheumatism mixture, constituting an
invitation to haphazard use.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Ferri Salicylatis (Liq. Ferr. Salicyl.), Solution of Ferric Salicylate, N.F._ (Salicylated Mixture of Iron).--Solution containing ferric salicylate with a large excess of sodium salicylate [obtained by the interaction of sodium salicylate (12.5%) and tincture of ferric citrochloride (12.5%)], and ammonium citrate, methyl salicylate, glycerin and water.

USES: "Rheumatism remedy." Ferric salicylate has no
special advantage over the sodium salt.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=*Sodii Sulphas (Sod. Sulph.), Sodium Sulphate, U.S.P.= (Glauber's Salt).--Na{2}SO{4} + 10H{2}O.

Colorless, odorless, efflorescent crystals, having a bitter, saline
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Saline cathartic, more disagreeable
but less active than magnesium sulphate, over which it
has no material advantage.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

_Sal Carolinum Factitium (Sal Carol. Fact.), Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F._--This is available in two forms, the dry amorphous form and the crystalline form, the latter representing about 80 per cent. of water of crystallization. The dry amorphous form represents potassium sulphate (2%), sodium chloride (18%), sodium bicarbonate (36%) and hydrated sodium sulphate (100%).

USES: Alkaline cathartic.

_Sal Carolinum Factitium Effervescens (Sal Carol. Fact. Eff.), Effervescent Artificial Carlsbad Salt, N.F._ (Pulvis Salis Carolini Factitii Effervescens, N.F. III).--Artificial Carlsbad salt (26.6%) in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (40%), tartaric acid (15.7%) and citric acid, the last three yielding sodium citrate and sodium tartrate.

ACTION AND USES: Cathartic. Its high sodium citrate
and tartrate content should be borne in mind.

DOSAGE: 6 Gm. or 1-1/2 drachms (N.F.)

=*Sodii Sulphis Exsiccatus (Sod. Sulphis Exsic.), Exsiccated Sodium Sulphite, U.S.P.=--Na{2}SO{3} (not less than 90%).

White, odorless powder, having a cooling, saline sulphurous taste.
Freely soluble in water (1:3.2), but only sparingly soluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic; principally used externally
as a wash.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=*Sodii Thiosulphas (Sod. Thiosulph.), Sodium Thiosulphate, U.S.P.= ("Sodium Hyposulphite").--Na{2}S{2}O{3} + 5H{2}O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a cooling, afterward bitter
taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.5) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used externally in the form of a
lotion as application for ringworm and other parasitic
diseases. Internally, rarely as cathartic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=Solanum (Solan.), Solanum, N.F.= (Horsenettle Berries).--Ripe fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Rarely used as a sedative in convulsions
and epilepsy; probably ineffective.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Solani (Fldext. Solan.), Fluidextract of Solanum, N.F._--Solanum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Sparteinae Sulphas (Spartein. Sulph.), Sparteine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

Colorless, odorless, hygroscopic crystals or powder, having a
slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water
(1:1.1) and in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Has been widely exploited as a
diuretic, but on insufficient evidence. Is of little use and
is now less frequently employed than formerly. Large doses
slow and weaken the heart.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.)

=SPECIES.=--Mixtures of vegetable drugs used as teas or poultices. For the official mixtures, see Species Emollientes, N.F., under =Althaea Folia;= Species Laxativae, N.F., under =Senna=, and Species Pectorales, under =Althaea=.

=Spigelia (Spigelia), Spigelia, U.S.P.= (Pinkroot).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete anthelmintic for ascarides.
Inferior to santonin.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Spigeliae (Fldext. Spigel.), Fluidextract of Spigelia, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Pinkroot).--Spigelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)

=SPIRITUS, SPIRITS.--=Alcoholic solutions of either gaseous, liquid, or solid volatile substances.

For the official spirits, see under the names of the respective principal constituents. For Spiritus Cinnamomi, see under =Oleum Cassiae=; for Spiritus Odoratus, under =Oleum Bergamottae=. For the following, see under the respective oils: Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae, Spiritus Anisi, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus, Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus, Spiritus Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi Compositus, Spiritus Lavandulae, Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, Spiritus Menthae Viridis, Spiritus Myrciae Compositus, Spiritus Sinapis.

=SPIRITUS OLEORUM VOLATILIUM, SPIRITS OF VOLATILE OILS=.--Volatile oil (6.5%) in alcohol.

=Staphisagria (Staphisag.), Staphisagria, U.S.P.= (Stavesacre).--Seeds.

ACTION AND USES: To destroy pediculi. The contained
alkaloid, delphinine, is toxic, resembling aconitine in its
physiologic action.

DOSAGE: Used as an ointment or lotion.

_Fluidextractum Staphisagria (Fldext. Staphisag.), Fluidextract of Staphisagria, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Stavesacre).--Staphisagria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

=STILI DILUBILES (STIL. DILUB.), PASTE PENCILS,= (Unna Pencils).--Paste pencils are for the direct application of medicinal agents to the skin in dermatologic practice. The paste consists of starch, dextrin, tragacanth and sugar with sufficient water to form a plastic mass. For the official paste pencils, see Stili Acidi Salicylici Dilubiles, under =Acidum Salicylicum=.

=Stillingia (Stilling.), Stillingia, U.S.P.= (Queen's Root).

ACTION AND USES: Has been used as a sialagogue and expectorant. Has
no advantage over senega; is now less frequently used than formerly.

The compound fluidextract and syrup are antiquated "alteratives," at
one time used especially against syphilis and scrofula. They are
complex and inefficient, and therefore irrational and harmful.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Stillingiae (Fldext. Stilling.), Fluidextract of Stillingia, U.S.P._--Stillingia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Stillingiae Compositum (Fldext. Stilling. Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Stillingia, N.F._--Stillingia (25%), corydalis (25%), blue flag (12.5%), sambucus (12.5%), chimaphila (12.5%), prickly ash berries (6.2%) and coriander (6.2%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Stillingiae Compositus (Syr. Stilling. Co.), Compound Syrup of Stillingia, N.F._--Compound fluidextract of stillingia (25%) in glycerin and syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=*Stramonium (Stramon.), Stramonium, U.S.P.= (Jamestown Weed, Jimson Weed).--Leaves, containing not less than 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of belladonna, over
which it has no advantage. Often used in "asthma
powders."

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Stramonii (Ext. Stramon.), Extract of Stramonium, U.S.P._--Two forms: Pilular extract of stramonium and powdered extract of stramonium. One Gm. of extract represents about 4 Gm. of stramonium and yields about 1 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Stramonii (Fldext. Stramon.), Fluidextract of Stramonium, N.F._--Stramonium (100%), yielding about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

_Tinctura Stramonii (Tr. Stramon.), Tincture of Stramonium, U.S.P._--Stramonium (10%), yielding about 0.025 per cent. of stramonium alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_Unguentum Stramonii (Ung. Stramon.), Stramonium Ointment, U.S.P._--Pilular extract of stramonium (10%), diluted alcohol, hydrous wool fat and benzoinated lard.

=Strontii Bromidum (Stront. Brom.), Strontium Bromide, U.S.P.=--SrBr{2} + 6H{2}O.

Colorless, odorless crystals, having a bitter, saline taste. Very
soluble in water (1:0.35); soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of sodium bromide
over which it has no definite advantage.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=Strontii Carbonas (Stront. Carb.), Strontium Carbonate, N.F.=--SrCO{3}.

White, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in
alcohol. Decomposed by acids.

ACTION AND USES: Of use only in the making of soluble
salts of strontium

=Strontii Iodidum (Stront. Iod.), Strontium Iodide, U.S.P.=--SrI{2} + 6H{2}O.

Colorless crystals or white powder or crystalline crusts, turning
yellow on exposure to light; odorless, deliquescent and having a
bitter saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.2); somewhat less
soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to, but without definite advantage
over potassium iodide.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.)

=Strontii Salicylas (Stront. Salicyl.), Strontium Salicylate, U.S.P.=--Sr(C{6}H{4}.OH.COO){2} + 2H{2}O.

White, odorless powder, having a somewhat sweet, saline taste.
Soluble in water (1:19) and in alcohol (1:61).

ACTION AND USES: Identical with those of sodium
salicylate, over which it has no advantage.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.)

=*Strophanthinum (Strophanthin.), Strophanthin, U.S.P.=--A glucoside or mixture of glucosides obtained from strophanthus.

White or yellowish powder. Very soluble in water and in diluted
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Like those of digitalis. Strophanthin
acts more rapidly and is excreted sooner, but its absorption
from the alimentary canal is so variable that its administration
by mouth is inadvisable.

DOSAGE: Daily by mouth, 0.001 Gm. or 1/60 grain (U.S.P.);
intravenous, 0.00075 Gm. or 1/80 grain (U.S.P.).
Caution should be used if patient has been taking digitalis

=*Strophanthus (Strophanth.), Strophanthus, U.S.P.=--Ripe seeds.

ACTION AND USES: Strophanthus and tincture of strophanthus
have properties similar to those of the glucoside
strophanthin. The absorption of strophanthus from the
alimentary canal is so variable that administration by
mouth is not advisable.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Strophanthi (Tr. Strophanth.), Tincture of Strophanthus, U.S.P._ (Strophanthi Tinctura, P.I.).--Strophanthus (10%) with the oil removed. Biologically assayed by producing death in frogs. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians
who prescribe it should specify the biologically assayed
preparation.

=Strychnina (Strych.), Strychnine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from nux vomica.

Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Extremely bitter in
very dilute solutions. Very slightly soluble in water (1:6420) and
slightly soluble in alcohol (1:136).

ACTION AND USES: Stimulates the reflex activity of the
spinal cord, but produces little or no effect on the higher
nervous centers; is also used as a bitter tonic, generally in
the form of a preparation of nux vomica.

As strychnine is so slightly soluble, it is generally prescribed as
one of its salts. Of these, the nitrate meets every need.

DOSAGE: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Pepsin. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Pepsin, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F._--Strychnine (0.0175%), tartaric acid, and elixir of pepsin and bismuth. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: An irrational preparation.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Pilulae Antidyspepticae (Pil. Antidyspep.), Antidyspeptic Pills, N.F._--Each pill contains strychnine (0.0016 Gm., or 1/40 grain), ipecac and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (each 0.0065 Gm., or 1/10 grain), mass of mercury, and compound extract of colocynth (each 0.13 Gm., or 2 grains).

USES: An objectionably named and misdirected mixture.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

=Strychninae Acetas, Strychnine Acetate.=

_Liquor Strychninae Acetatis (Liq. Strych. Acet.), Solution of Strychnine Acetate, N.F._ (Hall's Solution of Strychnine).--Strychnine acetate (about 0.209%), alcohol, compound tincture of cardamom and water. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

USES: Superfluous strychnine solution.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (U.S.P.).

=Strychninae Glycerophosphas (Strych. Glycerophos.), Strychnine Glycerophosphate, N.F.= (Strychnine Glycerinophosphate).

White, odorless crystals or powder, with a taste at first sweet,
afterward intensely bitter. Slightly soluble in water (1:350), and
in alcohol (1:310).

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous strychnine salt.

DOSAGE: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).

=*Strychninae Nitras (Strych. Nit.), Strychnine Nitrate, U.S.P.=

Colorless, odorless crystals or white powder. Soluble in water
(1:42) and somewhat less soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of strychnine.

DOSAGE: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Strychninae Sulphas (Strych. Sulph.), Strychnine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

Colorless or white crystals or white powder, odorless; efflorescent
in dry air. Soluble in water (1:32) and in alcohol (1:81).

USES: Same as those of strychnine. Has no advantage
over the nitrate.

DOSAGE: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. Bism. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri, Bismuthi et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron, Bismuth and Strychnine).--Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids, iron and bismuth (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

USES: An irrational mixture supposed to contain six
active ingredients.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Strychninae (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Strych.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Strychnine, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Strychninae, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya Alkaloidal, with Iron and Strychnine).--Strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron (about 99%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

USES: A complex and irrational "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Strychninae Valeras (Strych. Valer.), Strychnine Valerate, N.F.=

White, crystalline powder, with a valerian-like odor and an
intensely bitter taste. Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Superfluous strychnine salt.

DOSAGE: 0.0015 Gm. or 1/40 grain (N.F.).

_Elixir Strychninae Valeratis (Elix. Strych. Valer.), Elixir of Strychnine Valerate, N.F._ (Elixir Strychninae Valerianatis, N.F. III).--Strychnine valerate (0.0175%), aromatic elixir (about 96.5%), water, tincture of vanilla and compound tincture of cudbear. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Styrax (Styrax), Storax, U.S.P.= (Liquid Storax.)--A balsam.

ACTION AND USES: Closely resembles balsam of Peru,
over which it has no advantage. An ointment (1:4) has
been used as a parasiticide in scabies and other parasitic
infections.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=Succus Citri (Suc. Cit.), Lime Juice, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used especially in prevention and
treatment of scurvy.

=Succus Pomorum (Suc. Pomor.), Fresh Apple Juice, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy in the making of
crude ferric malate.

=*Sulphonethylmethanum (Sulphonethylmeth.), Sulphonethylmethane, U.S.P.= (Trional).--Diethylsulphonemethylethylmethane.

Colorless, lustrous, odorless, crystalline scales, having a bitter
taste in aqueous solutions. Slightly soluble in water (1:200) and
in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: A hypnotic producing in ordinary doses
no other symptoms than sleep. The sleep comes on in about
an hour, though in some cases it may be much longer
delayed.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.), best administered
in hot milk or other hot drinks.

=*Sulphonmethanum (Sulphonmeth.), Sulphonmethane, U.S.P.= (Sulphonal).--Diethylsulphonedimethylmethane.

Colorless, odorless and nearly tasteless crystals or powder.
Slightly soluble in water (1:365) and soluble in alcohol (1:60).

ACTION AND USES: Hypnotic and sedative. Has properties
similar to those of sulphonethylmethane, but usually acts
somewhat more slowly.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Gm. or 12 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably
administered in hot milk or other hot drinks.

=*Sulphur Lotum (Sulphur Lot.), Washed Sulphur, U.S.P.=--S.

Fine, yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Used locally in parasitic diseases of
the skin and as a mild cathartic especially in hemorrhoids.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Sulphuris et Potassii Bitartratis (Troch. Sulphur. et Pot. Bitart.), Troches of Sulphur and Potassium Bitartrate, N.F._ (Troches of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar).--Each troche contains washed sulphur (0.3 Gm. or 5 grains) and potassium bitartrate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, sugar and oil of orange.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.). Dose so small as to be practically
worthless.

=*Sulphur Praecipitatum (Sulphur Praec.), Precipitated Sulphur, U.S.P.= (Lac Sulphuris, Milk of Sulphur).--S. Made by precipitating a solution of calcium sulphide with hydrochloric acid.

Fine, pale yellow, odorless, tasteless powder.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of washed sulphur;
more active and irritant.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

=*Sulphur Sublimatum (Sulphur Sublim.), Sublimed Sulphur, U.S.P.= (Flowers of Sulphur).--S.

Fine, yellow powder having a slight, characteristic odor and a
faintly acid taste.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of washed sulphur.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Petroxolinum Sulphuratum (Petrox. Sulphur.), Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F._ (Sulphurated Petrox).--Sublimed sulphur (3%) in linseed oil, oleic acid and liquid petroxolin.

_Petroxolinum Sulphuratum Compositum (Petrox. Sulphur. Co.), Compound Sulphurated Petroxolin, N.F._ (Compound Sulphurated Petrox).--Sulphurated petroxolin (10%), in oil of cade, thymol, eucalyptol, oil of turpentine and liquid petroxolin.

_*Unguentum Sulphuris (Ung. Sulphur.), Sulphur Ointment, U.S.P._--Sublimed sulphur (15%) in benzoinated lard.

_Unguentum Sulphuris Alkalinum (Ung. Sulphur. Alk.), Alkaline Sulphur Ointment, N.F._--Sublimed sulphur (20%) and potassium carbonate (10%) in water and benzoinated lard.

_Unguentum Sulphuris Compositum (Ung. Sulphur. Co.), Compound Sulphur Ointment, N.F._ (Wilkinson's Ointment, Hebra's Itch Ointment).--Sublimed sulphur (15%), oil of cade (15%) and precipitated calcium carbonate in soft soap and lard.

=Sulphuris Iodidum (Sulphur. Iod.), Sulphur Iodide, N.F.=--Washed sulphur (20%) and iodine combined by means of heat.

Brittle, grayish black masses, having a metallic luster, an odor of
iodine and a somewhat acrid taste. Almost insoluble in water;
alcohol dissolves the iodine, leaving the sulphur.

ACTION AND USES: Used in parasitic skin diseases;
antiquated.

=Sumbul (Sumbul), Sumbul, U.S.P.= (Musk-root).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly exploited as a stimulant and
antispasmodic in hysterical conditions. Effect probably
psychic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Sumbul (Ext. Sumbul), Extract of Sumbul, U.S.P._--A pilular extract.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Sumbul (Fldext. Sumbul), Fluidextract of Sumbul, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Musk-root).--Sumbul (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Sumbul (Tr. Sumbul), Tincture of Sumbul, N.F._--Sumbul (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=SUPPOSITORIA, SUPPOSITORIES, U.S.P.=--Suppositories are solid bodies of various weights and shapes adapted for introduction into the different orifices of the human body and melting readily at body heat.

=Suprarenalum Siccum (Supraren. Sicc.), Dried Suprarenals, U.S.P.= (Glandulae Suprarenales Siccae, U.S.P., VIII, Desiccated Suprarenal Glands).--The suprarenal glands of animals which are used for food by man, cleaned, dried, freed from fat, and powdered, and containing epinephrine (about 0.5%), the active principle of the suprarenal gland.

A light, yellowish-brown powder, having a slight, characteristic
odor. Partially soluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: The action of dried suprarenals is virtually
that of epinephrine, but more variable and less conveniently
employed.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

=SYRUPI, SYRUPS.=--Syrups are aqueous solutions of medicinal substances rendered palatable by the addition of sugar. For the official syrups see under the names of the principal ingredients. For Syrupus, see under =Saccharum=; for Syrupus Bromidorum, under =Potassii Bromidum=; for Syrupus Ficorum Compositus, under =Ficus=; for Syrupus Hypophosphitum and Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus, under =Calcii Hypophosphis=; for Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under =Opium=; for Syrupus Phosphatum Compositus, under =Acidum Phosphoricum=; for Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina, under =Quininae Hydrochloridum=, and for Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina, under =Morphinae Sulphas=.

=Talcum Purificatum (Talc. Purif.), Purified Talc, U.S.P.=--A purified native hydrous magnesium silicate, sometimes containing a small amount of aluminum silicate.

A fine white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder, which
adheres to the skin and is slippery to the touch.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a dusting powder, and as a
clarifying agent in pharmacy.

=Tamarindus (Tamarind.), Tamarind, N.F.=--The preserved pulp of the fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Mildly laxative. When infused with
water, yields an agreeable acid drink.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).

=Taraxacum (Tarax.), Taraxacum, U.S.P.= (Dandelion).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Has been used as a bitter tonic (without
advantage over gentian) and as a mild laxative in habitual
constipation (inferior to drugs like cascara sagrada);
has no specific action on the liver.

DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Taraxaci Compositum (Elix. Tarax. Co.), Compound Elixir of Taraxacum, N.F._--Fluidextract of taraxacum (3.5%), fluidextract of wild cherry (2%), fluidextract of glycyrrhiza, tincture of sweet orange peel, tincture of cinnamon, compound tincture of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content, about 28 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Extractum Taraxaci (Ext. Tarax.), Extract of Taraxacum, U.S.P._--A pilular extract.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Taraxaci (Fldext. Tarax.), Fluidextract of Taraxacum, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Dandelion).--Taraxacum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=Terebenum (Tereben.), Terebene, U.S.P.=--Obtained from oil of turpentine by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid.

A colorless, thin liquid, having a thyme-like odor and an aromatic
taste. Only slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:3).

ACTION AND USES: Expectorant resembling oil of turpentine,
but more pleasant in odor.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Cc. or 4 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Terebinthina (Terebinth.), Turpentine, N.F.=--A solid oleoresin obtained from pine.

ACTION AND USES: Rubefacient; without advantage over
turpentine oil.

=Terebinthina Laricis (Terebinth. Laric.), Venice Turpentine, N.F.= (Larch Turpentine).--A viscid oleoresin obtained from European larch.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of turpentine; now
seldom used.

_Petroxolinum Terebinthinae Laricis (Petrox. Terebinth. Laric.), Venice Turpentine Petroxolin, N.F._ (Venice Turpentine Petrox).--Venice turpentine (20%) in liquid petroxolin.

=*Terpini Hydras (Terpin. Hyd.), Terpin Hydrate, U.S.P.=

Colorless, lustrous, nearly odorless crystals, having a slightly
aromatic and somewhat bitter taste. Slightly soluble in water
(1:200) and soluble in alcohol (1:13).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic; largely
used as an expectorant in cases accompanied by free bronchial
secretion.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Terpini Hydratis (Elix. Terpin. Hyd.), Elixir of Terpin Hydrate, N.F._--Terpin hydrate (1.75%), tincture of sweet orange peel, spirit of bitter almond, alcohol, glycerin, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 42 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Codeinae, N.F._--See under =Codeina=.

_Elixir Terpini Hydratis et Diacetylmorphinae, N.F._--See under =Diacetylmorphina=.

=Terra Silicea Purificata (Ter. Sil. Purif.), Purified Siliceous Earth, U.S.P.= (Purified Kieselguhr, Purified Infusorial Earth).--Silica (SiO{2}).

Fine, bulky, white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder.
Insoluble in water, acids or dilute solutions of the alkalies.

ACTION AND USES: Used as a clarifying agent in
pharmacy.

=*Theobrominae Sodio-Salicylas (Theobrom. Sodio-Sal.), Theobromine Sodio-Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Diuretin).--Sodium theobromine and sodium salicylate in approximately molecular proportions. Contains not less than 46.5 per cent. of theobromine.

White, odorless powder, having a sweetish, saline and somewhat
alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), slightly soluble in
alcohol. Incompatible with acids and has the other
incompatibilities of salicylates.

ACTION AND USES: A soluble salt of theobromine, having
much the same action as caffeine, except that it does not
affect the central nervous system to any extent. Mainly
used as a diuretic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Theophyllina (Theophyll.), Theophylline, U.S.P.= (Dimethylxanthine, Theocin).--An isomer of theobromine.

White, odorless powder, having a bitter taste. Soluble in water
(1:100) and in alcohol (1:80).

ACTION AND USES: Has a diuretic action similar to that
of theobromine, more powerful, but said to be not so lasting.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

=Thuja (Thuja), Thuja, N.F.= (Arbor Vitae).--Young twigs.

ACTION AND USES: Somewhat irritant; no well-defined
indications for its use, but has been recommended as a febrifuge,
expectorant and anthelmintic, and as a stimulating
remedy in tenesmus and dribbling of urine in the aged.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Thujae (Fldext. Thuj.), Fluidextract of Thuja, N.F._--Thuja (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Thymol (Thymol), Thymol, U.S.P.=--A phenol.

Large, colorless, translucent crystals, having an aromatic
thyme-like odor, and a pungent, aromatic taste. Very slightly
soluble in water (1:1,010); freely soluble in alcohol (1:1).

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and anthelmintic. Used
chiefly against the hookworm.

DOSAGE: Antiseptic, 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.); anthelmintic, 1
Gm. or 15 grains, per day (U.S.P.). In the treatment of hookworm
disease it should be given in as finely divided state as possible in
dosage of from 0.5 to 4 Gm. or from 8 grains to 1 drachm. No fats,
oils or alcohol should be given at the same time, for fear of
absorption of the drug.

The dosage may be regulated according to age as follows: Up to 5 years
of age, 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains; up to 10, 1 Gm. or 15 grains; up to 15,
1.5 Gm. or 24 grains; up to 20, 2 Gm. or 30 grains; above 20, 3 to 4
Gm. or 45 grains to 1 drachm.

_Nebula Thymolis (Nebul. Thymol.), Thymol Spray, N.F._--Thymol (1%) in light liquid petrolatum.

=*Thymolis Iodidum (Thymol. Iod.), Thymol Iodide, U.S.P.= (Aristol).--Chiefly dithymol-diiodide. Should contain not less than 43 per cent. of iodine.

A reddish-brown or reddish-yellow, bulky powder, with a very slight
aromatic odor. Insoluble in water or glycerin; only slightly
soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic; used chiefly as a dusting
powder. Less efficient than iodoform.

=Thymus (Thymus), Thyme, N.F.=--Tops.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic and rubefacient; without
advantage over camphor.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Thymi (Fldext. Thym.), Fluidextract of Thyme, N.F._--Thyme (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Thyroideum Siccum (Thyroid. Sicc.), Dried Thyroids, U.S.P.= (Glandulae Thyroideae Siccae, U.S.P., VIII, Desiccated Thyroid Glands).--The thyroid glands of animals which are used for food by man, freed from connective tissue and fat, dried and powdered. Should contain about 0.2 per cent. of iodine.

A yellowish powder, with a slight characteristic odor.

ACTION AND USES: Used in thyroid deficiency; sometimes
in obesity, in which it may be harmful.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

=TINCTURAE, TINCTURES.=--Tinctures with few exceptions are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic extractive preparations of vegetable drugs. The tinctures of potent drugs represent uniformly 10 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of the preparation, while tinctures of less potent drugs vary in strength but represent usually 20 Gm. of drug in 100 Cc. of the preparation. For the official tinctures see under the names of the respective drugs. For Tinctura Amara, see under =Gentiana=; for Tinctura Antiperiodica and Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe, under =Quininae Bisulphas=; for Tinctura Aromatica, under =Cinnamomum Saigonicum=; for Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii and for Tinctura Pectoralis, under =Opium=.

=TINCTURAE AETHEREAE, ETHEREAL TINCTURES, N.F.=--When not otherwise directed, ethereal tinctures are to be prepared representing 10 per cent. drug strength, extracted with a mixture of alcohol and ether. Of doubtful advantage over ordinary tinctures.

=TINCTURAE MEDICAMENTORUM RECENTIUM, TINCTURES OF FRESH DRUGS, N.F.= (Tincturae Herbarum Recentium, U.S.P. VIII).--When not otherwise directed, tinctures of fresh drugs are to be prepared by extracting 50 Gm. of the fresh drug with alcohol to make 100 Cc.

=TOXITABELLAE, POISON TABLETS.=--Tablets containing poisons.

=*Tragacantha (Trag.), Tragacanth, U.S.P.= (Gum Tragacanth).--Mixed with 50 parts of distilled water, forms a smooth, nearly uniform, stiff, opalescent mucilage.

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent and ingredient in emulsions.

_Glyceritum Tragacanthae (Glycer. Trag.), Glycerite of Tragacanth, N.F._--Tragacanth (about 10%) in glycerin and water.

_Mucilago Tragacanthae (Mucil. Trag.), Mucilage of Tragacanth, U.S.P._--Tragacanth (6%) in glycerin (18%) and water.

=Trifolium (Trifol.), Trifolium, N.F.= (Red Clover Blossoms).

ACTION AND USES: Inert. Has been used in antisyphilitic
and alterative compounds; also as an expectorant.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Trifolii (Fldext. Trifol.), Fluidextract of Trifolium, N.F._--Trifolium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Trillium (Trill.), Trillium, N.F.= (Beth Root).--Rhizome.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete, formerly used as astringent
and tonic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Trillii (Fldext. Trill.), Fluidextract of Trillium, N.F._--Trillium (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Trinitrophenol (Trinitrophen.), Trinitrophenol, U.S.P.= (Picric Acid).

Pale yellow, odorless crystals, having an intensely bitter taste,
and exploding when heated rapidly and when subjected to percussion.
Trinitrophenol stains the skin an intense, permanent yellow.
Soluble in water (1:78), and in alcohol (1:12).

ACTION AND USES: For the dressing of burns. Internally
is highly toxic, producing nausea, vomiting and diarrhea,
and stains the skin and mucous membranes a yellow color,
simulating jaundice.

DOSAGE: Externally as saturated watery solution or as
ointment.

=Triticum (Tritic.), Triticum, U.S.P.= (Couch Grass, Dog Grass).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly exploited as a diuretic in
cystitis and irritable bladder. Now seldom employed.

DOSAGE: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Tritici (Fldext. Tritic.), Fluidextract of Triticum, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Couch Grass).--Triticum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=TRITURATIONES, TRITURATIONS.=--Mixtures containing active drugs in powder form; prepared by mixing the substance (10%) with powdered sugar of milk. For the official trituration see Trituratio Elaterini, U.S.P., under =Elaterinum=.

=TROCHISCI, TROCHES= (Lozenges).--Tablets intended to be dissolved in the mouth for their local effect on the mucous membrane of the mouth and the throat. For the official troches see under the names of the principal ingredients.

=Ulmus (Ulmus), Elm, U.S.P.= (Elm Bark, Slippery Elm).--The inner bark.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete demulcent.

_Trochisci Ulmi (Troch. Ulmi), Troches of Elm, N.F._--Each troche contains elm, tragacanth, sugar and methyl salicylate.

USES: Demulcent expectorant.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.).

=UNGUENTA, OINTMENTS.=--Soft, fatty solids, of such consistency that they are readily spread at ordinary temperatures. For the official ointments, see under the names of the respective principal constituents. For Unguentum, see under =Adeps=; for Unguentum Diachylon, under =Plumbi Oxidum=, and for Unguentum Fuscum, under =Camphora=.

=Uranii Nitras (Uran. Nit.), Uranium Nitrate, U.S.P.= (Uranyl Nitrate).--UO{2}(NO{3}){2} + 6H{2}O.

Light, yellow, odorless, somewhat efflorescent, radioactive
crystals, having a bitter astringent taste. Freely soluble in water
(1:1.2); also soluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Has been used, without adequate justification,
in the treatment of diabetes and cancer. Solutions
are poisonous and produce glucosuria when injected subcutaneously,
even in small doses.

DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.), best administered
in simple solutions. Use with caution.

=Uva Ursi (Uva Ursi), Uva Ursi, U.S.P.= (Bearberry).--Leaves.

ACTION AND USES: Mild and slightly antiseptic diuretic
used especially in vesical catarrh. Less effective than santal
oil.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Uvae Ursi (Fldext. Uvae Ursi), Fluidextract of Uva Ursi, U.S.P._--Uva ursi (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Valeriana (Valer.), Valerian, U.S.P.=--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Used as "antispasmodic" and "nerve
sedative" in hysteria and other nervous excitations. Its
influence is largely psychic, owing to its strong, persistent
odor.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Valerianae (Fldext. Valer.), Fluidextract of Valerian, N.F._--Valerian (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Valerianae (Tr. Valer.), Tincture of Valerian, U.S.P._--Valerian (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata (Tr. Valer. Ammon.), Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian, U.S.P._--Valerian (20%) in aromatic spirit of ammonia. Absolute alcohol content about 64 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Vanilla (Vanilla), Vanilla, N.F.= (Vanilla Bean).--Cured fruit.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring.

_Tinctura Vanillae (Tr. Vanill.), Tincture of Vanilla, N.F._--Vanilla, sugar and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

=Vanillinum (Vanillin.), Vanillin, U.S.P.=--The odorous principle of vanilla, sometimes prepared synthetically.

Fine, white or nearly white, crystalline needles having the odor
and taste of vanilla. Soluble in water (1:100) and freely soluble
in alcohol or glycerin.

ACTION AND USES: Used only as a flavoring.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Vanillini Compositum (Elix. Vanil. Co.), Compound Elixir of Vanillin, N.F._--Compound spirit of vanillin (2%), alcohol, glycerin, syrup, tincture of caramel and water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

_Spiritus Vanillini Compositus (Sp. Vanil. Co.), Compound Spirit of Vanillin, N.F._--Vanillin, oil of orange, oil of cardamom, oil of cinnamon and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

=Veratrina (Veratrin.), Veratrine, U.S.P.= (Veratria).--A mixture of alkaloids from sabadilla seeds.

White or nearly white, odorless powder, intensely irritating to the
nasal mucous membrane. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1760) and
freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.8).

ACTION AND USES: In its action on peripheral nerve endings,
it is said to resemble aconite, but has no material
advantage over the latter. Has been applied (in an ointment)
as analgesic in neuralgia. It is highly toxic, and
caution should be observed in its use, especially where the
skin is broken.

_Oleatum Veratrinae (Oleat. Veratrin.), Oleate of Veratrine, N.F._--Veratrine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.

_Unguentum Veratrinae (Ung. Veratrin.), Veratrine Ointment, N.F._--Veratrine (4%) in expressed oil of almond and benzoinated lard.

=Veratrum Viride (Verat. Vir.), Veratrum Viride, U.S.P.= (Green Hellebore, American Hellebore).--Rhizome and roots.

ACTION AND USES: Slows the heart and lowers blood pressure.
The tincture has been recommended especially in
eclampsia, but is now little used.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Veratri Viridis (Fldext. Verat. Vir.), Fluidextract of Veratrum Viride, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Green Hellebore).--Veratrum viride (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Veratri Viridis (Tr. Verat. Vir.), Tincture of Veratrum Viride, U.S.P._--Veratrum viride (10%). Absolute alcohol content about 91 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.)

=Verbasci Flores (Verbasc. Flor.), Mullein Flowers, N.F.=--Corollas with stamens.

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent, without advantage over
acacia, elm, etc.

DOSAGE: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).

=Verbasci Folia (Verbasc. Fol.), Mullein Leaves, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of the flowers.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Verbasci Foliae_ [should be _Foliorum_] _(Fldext. Verbasc. Fol.), Fluidextract of Mullein Leaves, N.F._--Mullein leaves (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Verbena (Verben.), Verbena, N.F.= (Blue Vervain).--Plant deprived of its root.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete; said to be tonic, emetic,
expectorant and diaphoretic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Verbenae (Fldext. Verben.), Fluidextract of Verbena, N.F._--Verbena (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Viburnum Opulus (Viburn. Opul.), Viburnum Opulus, N.F.= (Crampbark, High Bush Cranberry Bark).

ACTION AND USES: Slightly bitter; practically inert; was
recommended as tonic, antispasmodic and alterative. The
market supply is said to have been spurious for many years,
consisting of mountain maple (_Acer spicatum_).

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Elixir Viburni Opuli Compositum (Elix. Viburn. Opul. Co.), Compound Elixir of Viburnum Opulus, N.F._ (Compound Elixir of Crampbark).--Fluidextract of viburnum opulus (7.5%), fluidextract of trillium (15%), fluidextract of aletris (7.5%) and compound elixir of taraxacum. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

USES: An inefficient mixture sold for use in "female
weakness."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Viburni Opuli (Fldext. Viburn. Opul.), Fluidextract of Viburnum Opulus, N.F._--Viburnum opulus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Viburni Opuli Composita (Tr. Viburn. Opul. Co.), Compound Tincture of Viburnum, N.F._--Viburnum opulus (3.5%), dioscorea (3.5%) and scutellaria (1%), with clove and Saigon cinnamon in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

USES: Irrational mixture used in menstrual disorders.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Viburnum Prunifolium (Viburn. Prun.), Viburnum Prunifolium, U.S.P.= (Black Haw, Viburnum).--The dried bark.

ACTION AND USES: Has had considerable vogue as a
"uterine sedative," in dysmenorrhea and habitual abortion.
There is no good evidence that it has any action.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).