Chapter V: Part 5

=*Magnesii Sulphas (Mag. Sulph.), Magnesium Sulphate, U.S.P.= (Epsom Salt).--MgSO{4} + 7H{2}O.

Small, colorless, odorless crystals, with a cooling, saline, bitter
taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1); almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: One of the most active of the saline
cathartics.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.), in solution. A
solution containing 1 Gm. of salt in each Cc. may be given,
5 Cc. every hour until a laxative effect is secured. This
should usually be diluted with water.

_Liquor Magnesii Sulphatis Effervescens (Liq. Mag. Sulph. Eff.), Effervescent Solution of Magnesium Sulphate, N.F._--Magnesium sulphate (about 7%) with syrup of citric acid, potassium citrate and water.

DOSAGE: The contents of a bottle, about 350 Cc. or nearly
12 fluidounces (N.F.).

=Maltum (Maltum), Malt, U.S.P.=--Malted barley, capable of converting not less than 5 times its weight of starch into sugars.

Yellowish grains with a characteristic odor and a sweet taste.

ACTION AND USES: Used to digest starch by its diastase.

_Extractum Malti (Ext. Malt.), Extract of Malt, U.S.P._--Syrupy liquid.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

=Malvae Folia (Malv. Fol.), Mallow Leaves, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent "herb tea," without definite
indications for its use.

=Mangani Citras Solubilis (Mangan. Cit. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Citrate, N.F.= (Manganese and Sodium Citrate).

Yellowish or pinkish white powder or translucent scales, odorless
and having a slightly bitter, astringent taste. Freely soluble in
water (1:4) and nearly insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Manganese salts have been tried as
hematinic tonics, but are of very doubtful value. The
choice among the various salts is a matter of convenience.
The soluble citrate is typical of the soluble manganese salts,
the dioxide of the insoluble.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Mangani Dioxidum Praecipitatum (Mangan. Diox. Praec.), Precipitated Manganese Dioxide, U.S.P.=--Chiefly MnO{2}.

Heavy, odorless, tasteless black powder. Insoluble in water or
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: See =Mangani Citras Solubilis=.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

=Mangani Glycerophosphas Solubilis (Mangan. Glycerophos. Sol.), Soluble Manganese Glycerophosphate, N.F.= (Soluble Manganous Glycerinophosphate).--A mixture of manganese glycerophosphate and citric acid.

Yellowish or pinkish white, odorless powder, with an acid taste.
Freely soluble in water (1:4); alcohol dissolves the citric acid
and leaves a residue which is nearly insoluble in water.

ACTION AND USES: As a manganese compound it has no
material advantage over other manganese salts. For a
discussion of glycerophosphates, see =Sodii Glycerophosphas=.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Mangani Hypophosphis (Mangan. Hypophos.), Manganese Hypophosphite, N.F.=--Mn(H{2}PO{2}){2} + H{2}O.

Pink, odorless, nearly tasteless powder. Freely soluble in water
and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: As a manganese compound, has no
material advantage over other manganese salts. For a
discussion of hypophosphites, see =Calcii Hypophosphis=.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Mangani Sulphas (Mangan. Sulph.), Manganese Sulphate, N.F.=--MnSO{4} (about 65%).

Pale rose-colored, translucent, odorless crystals, with a slightly
bitter taste, slightly efflorescent in moist air. Freely soluble in
water (1:1) and insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Without material advantage over
other manganese salts.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

=Manna (Manna), Manna, U.S.P.=--A dried sap.

ACTION AND USES: Mild laxative; antiquated.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.) as infusion.

_Syrupus Mannae (Syr. Mann.), Syrup of Manna, N.F._--Manna (12.5%) and alcohol in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=MASSAE, MASSES.=--Soft solid preparations of such consistency that they can readily be made into pills. For the various masses, see under the names of the respective drugs.

=Mastiche (Mastic.), Mastic, N.F.=--A resin.

Completely soluble in ether and almost completely soluble in
alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative, without special advantage
over cardamom or fennel.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

=Matico (Matic.), Matico, N.F.= (Matico Leaves).

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete genito-urinary "stimulant,"
without advantage over buchu, etc.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Matico (Fldext. Matic.), Fluidextract of Matico, N.F._--Matico (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Matricaria (Matricar.), Matricaria, U.S.P.= (German Chamomile, Wild Chamomile).--Flower heads.

ACTION AND USES: Popularly used as a bitter and aromatic
"tea" and poultice, any effects being due mostly to
the hot water.

DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (U.S.P.).

=Mel (Mel), Honey, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Demulcent.

_Mel Depuratum (Mel Depurat.), Clarified Honey, U.S.P._

_Mel Rosae (Mel Rosae), Honey of Rose, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of rose and clarified honey. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

USES: Flavoring vehicle; rarely used.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=Melilotus (Melilot.), Melilot, N.F.= (Yellow Sweet Clover).--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly used as a stimulant and
antispasmodic and in the treatment of neuralgia especially
associated with debility. Now seldom used; no scientific
indications for its use.

=MELLITA, HONEYS.=--Sweet liquids having honey as a base. For the various honeys, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Mel Rosae, see under =Mel=; for Mel Rosae et Sodii Boratis, see under =Sodii Boras=.

=*Mentha Piperita (Menth. Pip.), Peppermint, U.S.P.=--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative and flavor, used chiefly
in the form of the oil and spirit, which see under =Oleum
Menthae Piperitae=.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

=Mentha Viridis (Menth. Vir.), Spearmint, U.S.P.=--Leaves and flowering tops.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of peppermint. See
=Oleum Menthae Viridis=.

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

=*Menthol (Menthol), Menthol, U.S.P.=--Obtained from oil of peppermint or other mint oils.

Colorless crystals, with a strong peppermint odor and an aromatic
taste. Slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol,
chloroform or petroleum benzin.

ACTION AND USES: Used locally as counterirritant and
analgesic; sometimes internally as carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.

_Inunctum Mentholis (Inunct. Menthol.), Menthol Inunction, N.F._--Menthol (5%) and hydrous wool fat.

_Inunctum Mentholis Compositum (Inunct. Menthol. Co.), Compound Menthol Inunction, N.F._--Menthol (5%), methyl salicylate (10%) and hydrous wool fat.

_Menthol Camphoratum (Menthol Camph.), Camphorated Menthol, N.F._ (Campho-Menthol, N.F. III, Camphor and Menthol).--Camphor (47.5%), menthol (47.5%) and alcohol.

_Nebula Mentholis (Nebul. Menthol.), Menthol Spray, N.F._--Menthol (2%) in light liquid petrolatum.

_Nebula Mentholis Composita (Nebul. Menthol. Co.), Compound Menthol Spray, N.F._--Menthol (1%), camphor (1%), methyl salicylate, eucalyptol and oil of cinnamon in light liquid petrolatum.

_Petroxolinum Mentholis (Petrox. Menthol.), Menthol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Menthol Petrox).--Menthol (17%) in liquid petroxolin.

=Menyanthes (Menyanth.), Menyanthes, N.F.= (Buckbean, Marsh Trefoil).--Leaves of _Menyanthes trifoliata_.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete bitter; no special indications
for its use.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=*Methylis Salicylas (Methyl. Salicyl.), Methyl Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Oleum Gaultheriae, U.S.P. VIII, Oil of Wintergreen, Oleum Betulae, U.S.P. VIII, Oil of Sweet Birch, Oil of Teaberry).--Produced synthetically or obtained from wintergreen (oil of wintergreen) or from birch (oil of sweet birch).

Colorless, yellowish or reddish liquid, with a wintergreen odor and
taste. Sparingly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol and
glacial acetic acid.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly used as flavor. In sufficient
amounts, antirheumatic and antipyretic.

DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). May be
applied externally either pure or diluted (10%) in ointment.
For absorption through the skin is best diluted with
a fatty oil.

_Petroxolinum Methylis Salicylatis (Petrox. Methyl. Salicyl.), Methyl Salicylate Petroxolin, N.F._ (Methyl Salicylate Petrox).--Methyl salicylate (20%), in liquid petroxolin.

=Methylthioninae Chloridum (Methylthionin. Chlor.), Methylthionine Chloride, U.S.P.= (Methylthioninae Hydrochloridum, U.S.P. VIII, Methylene Blue).

Dark green powder or crystals with a bronze-like luster. Freely
soluble in water and alcohol, forming a deep blue solution.

ACTION AND USES: Sometimes used as urinary antiseptic;
also in the treatment of malaria and some neuralgic conditions.
In the latter use, is of doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

=Mezereum (Mezereum), Mezereum, U.S.P.= (Mezereon).--A bark.

ACTION AND USES: Antiquated antisyphilitic and vesicant.

_Fluidextractum Mezerei (Fldext. Mezer.), Fluidextract of Mezereum, N.F._--Mezereum (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

=MISTURAE, MIXTURES.=--Liquid preparations containing insoluble or partly soluble medicinal substances suspended in them.

For the various official mixtures, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Mistura Adstringens, see under =Cupri Sulphas=; for Mistura Camphorae Acida, Mistura Carminativa and Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, under =Opium=; for Mistura Ferri Composita, under =Ferri Carbonas=; for Mistura Camphorae Aromatica and Mistura Oleo-Balsamica, under =Oleum Lavandulae=; for Mistura Pectoralis Stokes, under =Ammonii Carbonas=.

=Morphina (Morphina), Morphine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from opium.

Colorless or white, odorless crystals or powder. Very slightly
soluble in water (1:3,340) and soluble in alcohol (1:210).

ACTION AND USES: Central analgesic, hypnotic and
respiratory sedative and depressant; also constipative. Is
only slightly depressant to the circulation. Eliminated
mainly through the bowels. Should not be used to control
cough if this is associated with marked expectoration. Its
habit-forming power should be constantly remembered.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

=*Morphinae Hydrochloridum (Morph. Hydrochl.), Morphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Morphine Chloride).

White, odorless needles, masses or powder. Soluble in water
(1:17.5) and in alcohol (1:52).

ACTION AND USES: See =Morphina=.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Morphinae et Acaciae (Syr. Morph. et Acac.), Syrup of Morphine and Acacia, N.F._ (Syrupus Pectoralis, N.F. III, Jackson's Pectoral Syrup).--Morphine hydrochloride (0.055%) flavored with oil of sassafras in syrup of acacia.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Morphinae Sulphas (Morph. Sulph.), Morphine Sulphate, U.S.P.=--

White, odorless crystals or masses. Soluble in water (1:15.2) and
slightly soluble in alcohol (1:565).

ACTION AND USES: See =Morphina=.

DOSAGE: 0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus cum Morphina (Syr. Pin. Strob. c. Morph.), Compound Syrup of White Pine with Morphine, N.F._ (Syrupus Pini Strobi Compositus, N.F. III).--Morphine sulphate (0.04%) in compound syrup of white pine. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

USES: Objectionable expectorant mixture containing
morphine.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Moschus (Mosch.), Musk, U.S.P.= (Tonquin Musk, Deer Musk).--A dried animal secretion.

ACTION AND USES: Antiquated analeptic.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Moschi (Tr. Mosch.), Tincture of Musk, U.S.P._--Musk (5%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 48 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

=MUCILAGINES, MUCILAGES.=--Aqueous solutions of gums or the mucilaginous principles of vegetable substances. For the various mucilages, see under the names of the respective drugs.

=MULLAE, MULLS.=--Ointments of high fusing points spread on soft muslin or "mull." For the various mulls, see under the names of the respective active constituents.

=Myrica (Myrica), Bayberry Bark, N.F.=--Bark of the root.

ACTION AND USES: Formerly recommended as digestive,
nutritive and nervous stimulant. No scientific indications
for its use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).

_Pulvis Myricae Compositus (Pulv. Myric. Co.), Compound Powder of Bayberry, N.F._ (Composition Powder).--Bayberry bark (60%), Jamaica ginger (30%), capsicum and clove.

USES: An obsolete carminative.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Myristica (Myrist.), Myristica, U.S.P.= (Nutmeg).

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic and carminative.

=*Myrrha (Myrrh.), Myrrh, U.S.P.= (Gum Myrrh).--A gum resin.

ACTION AND USES: Protective and local stimulant to the
mucous membranes. Internally, carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Myrrhae (Tr. Myrrh.), Tincture of Myrrh, U.S.P._--Myrrh (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 87 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

=NEBULAE, SPRAYS.=--Spray solutions, intended for the application of medicaments in solution to the throat and nose by means of suitable atomizers. For Nebula Aromatica, see under =Petrolatum Liquidum=; for the various other sprays, see under =Eucalyptol=, =Menthol= and =Thymol=.

=Nitrogenii Monoxidum (Nitrogen. Monox.), Nitrogen Monoxide, U.S.P.= (Nitrous Oxide, "Laughing Gas").--N{2}O.

A colorless gas with a slight characteristic odor and a sweetish
taste.

ACTION AND USES: For inhalation anesthesia.

=*Nux Vomica (Nux Vom.), Nux Vomica, U.S.P.= (Strychni Semen, P.I.).--Seeds yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of alkaloids, chiefly strychnine and brucine.

ACTION AND USES: Used as bitter stomachic and tonic,
depending on its strychnine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_*Extractum Nucis Vomicae (Ext. Nuc. Vom.), Extract of Nux Vomica, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Nux Vomica, Nucis Vomicae Extractum P.I.).--Yields about 16 per cent. of alkaloids.

DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae (Fldext. Nuc. Vom.), Fluidextract of Nux Vomica, U.S.P._--Nux vomica (100%) yielding about 2.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_*Tinctura Nucis Vomicae (Tr. Nuc. Vom.), Tincture of Nux Vomica, U.S.P._ (Strychni Tinctura, P.I.).--Nux vomica (10%) yielding about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 71 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

=OLEA INFUSA (OL. INF.), INFUSED OILS, N.F.=--Liquid preparation made by extracting drugs by fixed oils.

=OLEATA, OLEATES.=--Oleates are combinations of alkaloids or metallic oxids with oleic acid or with mixtures of oleic acid with a fixed oil. They have no real advantage over simpler ointments. For the official oleates see under the names of the respective drugs.

=OLEORESINAE, OLEORESINS.=--Oleoresins are thick liquid preparations made by extracting the drug with ether, alcohol or acetone. For the official oleoresins see under the names of the respective drugs.

=OLEOSACCHARA (OLEOSACCHARA), OIL-SUGARS, N.F.= (Elaeosacchara).--Mixtures of volatile oil (2%) with sugar in fine powder.

=Oleum Aethereum (Ol. Aether.), Ethereal Oil, N.F.=--A volatile liquid consisting of equal volumes of heavy oil of wine (chiefly ethyl esters of sulphuric acid) and ether. An indefinite and obsolete ingredient of the medieval "Hoffmann's anodyne."

=Oleum Amygdalae Amarae (Ol. Amygd. Amar.), Oil of Bitter Almond, U.S.P.= (Bitter Almond Oil).--A volatile oil yielding benzaldehyde (not less than 85%) and hydrocyanic acid (about 3%).

Slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent, especially for
emulsions. Also used as a "sedative," but probably without
value.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.).

_Aqua Amygdalae Amarae (Aq. Amygd. Amar.), Bitter Almond Water, U.S.P._--A solution of oil of bitter almond in water.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Amygdalae Compositum (Elix. Amygd. Co.), Compound Elixir of Almond, N.F._--Oil of bitter almond, vanillin, orange flower water, syrup, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.

_Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae (Sp. Amygd. Amar.), Spirit of Bitter Almond, U.S.P._--Oil of bitter almond, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 76 per cent.

=Oleum Amygdalae Expressum (Ol. Amygd. Exp.), Expressed Oil of Almond, U.S.P.= (Oil of Sweet Almond).--A fixed oil; similar to olive oil.

ACTION AND USES: Emollient, nutritive and laxative.

=Oleum Anisi (Ol. Anisi), Oil of Anise, Oil of Star Anise, U.S.P.= (Anise Oil).--A volatile oil from anise and from star anise.

Very slightly soluble in water; very soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and flavor.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), on sugar.

_Aqua Anisi (Aq. Anisi), Anise Water, U.S.P._--A solution of oil of anise in water.

_Spiritus Anisi (Sp. Anisi), Spirit of Anise, U.S.P._--Oil of anise (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Aurantii (Ol. Aurant.), Oil of Orange, U.S.P.= (Oleum Aurantii Corticis, U.S.P. VIII, Orange Oil, Oil of Sweet Orange).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor.

_Spiritus Aurantii Compositus (Sp. Aurant. Co.), Compound Spirit of Orange, U.S.P._--Oils of orange, lemon, coriander and anise, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 69 per cent.

=Oleum Aurantii Amari (Ol. Aurant. Amar.), Oil of Bitter Orange, N.F.=--A volatile oil.

Practically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:4).

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Elixir Aurantii Amari (Elix. Aurant. Amar.), Elixir of Bitter Orange, N.F._ (Replacing Elixir Curassao, N.F. III).--Oil of bitter orange, tincture of bitter orange peel, stronger orange flower water, in syrup, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.

=Oleum Aurantii Florum (Ol. Aurant. Flor.), Oil of Orange Flowers, N.F.= (Oil of Neroli).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

=Oleum Bergamottae (Ol. Bergam.), Oil of Bergamot, N.F.=--A volatile oil.

Practically insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent.

_Spiritus Odoratus (Sp. Odorat.), Perfumed Spirit, N.F._--Oils of bergamot, lemon, rosemary, lavender and orange flowers, acetic ether, water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.

=Oleum Betulae Empyreumaticum Rectificatum (Ol. Bet. Empyr. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Birch Tar, N.F.= (Rectified Empyroligneous Oil of Birch, Oleum Rusci Rectificatum).--An oil obtained by the dry distillation of the bark and wood of white birch.

Insoluble in water; soluble in dehydrated alcohol, ether and
chloroform.

ACTION AND USES: Similar to tar; employed locally as
a stimulant and antiseptic in the treatment of psoriasis
and eczema.

DOSAGE: 2 to 10 per cent. ointment.

=Oleum Cadinum (Ol. Cadin.), Oil of Cade, U.S.P.= (Cade Oil, Oil of Juniper Tar, Oleum Juniperi Empyreumaticum).--An empyreumatic oil obtained by the dry distillation of juniper wood.

Nearly insoluble in water; only partially soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Epidermal stimulant in chronic
inflammatory skin diseases, acting similarly to tar.

DOSAGE: 1 to 10 per cent. ointment.

_Petroxolinum Cadini (Petrox. Cadin.), Cade Petroxolin, N.F._ (Cade Petrox).--Oil of cade (25%) in liquid petroxolin.

=Oleum Cajuputi (Ol. Cajup.), Oil of Cajuput, U.S.P.= (Cajuput Oil, Oil of Cajuput).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Counterirritant.

=Oleum Cardamomi (Ol. Cardam.), Oil of Cardamom, N.F.=--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; very soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavoring agent.

_Elixir Cardamomi Compositum (Elix. Card. Co.), Compound Elixir of Cardamom, N.F._--Compound spirit of cardamom, alcohol, syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 9 per cent.

_Spiritus Cardamomi Compositus (Sp. Card. Co.), Compound Spirit of Cardamom, N.F._--Oil of cardamom, anethol, oils of orange, cinnamon, caraway and clove, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 72 per cent.

USES: Flavoring agent.

=Oleum Cari (Ol. Cari), Oil of Caraway, U.S.P.= (Caraway Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Caryophylli (Ol. Caryoph.), Oil of Clove, U.S.P.= (Clove Oil, Oil of Cloves).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally, rubefacient and counterirritant;
internally, carminative; to some extent a local
anesthetic.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Cassiae (Ol. Cass.), Oil of Cinnamon, U.S.P.= (Oleum Cinnamomi, U.S.P. VIII, Cassia Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor.

_*Aqua Cinnamomi (Aq. Cinnam.), Cinnamon Water, U.S.P._--A saturated solution of oil of cinnamon in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Spiritus Cinnamomi (Sp. Cinnam.), Spirit of Cinnamon, U.S.P._--Oil of cinnamon (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Chenopodii (Ol. Chenopod.), Oil of Chenopodium, U.S.P.= (Oil of American Wormseed).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Anthelmintic, especially for roundworms
and hookworms.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.). Subminimal
doses repeated at intervals of several days become toxic.

=Oleum Coriandri (Ol. Coriand.), Oil of Coriander, U.S.P.= (Coriander Oil).

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Carminative aromatic.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Cubebae (Ol. Cubeb.), Oil of Cubeb, U.S.P.= (Cubeb Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol (1:18).

ACTION AND USES: Used internally as a stimulating antiseptic,
expectorant and against subacute gonorrhea. Of
doubtful value.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Eucalypti (Ol. Eucalypt.), Oil of Eucalyptus, U.S.P.= (Eucalyptus Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; freely soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Largely used especially for inhalation
in the form of vapor or oily sprays (about 10%) as antiseptic
and deodorant, for subacute and chronic inflammations
of the respiratory mucosae.

=Oleum Foeniculi (Ol. Foenic.), Oil of Fennel, U.S.P.= (Fennel Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative frequently
employed with purgative medicines to prevent griping.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Aqua Foeniculi (Aq. Foenic.), Fennel Water, U.S.P._--A solution of oil of fennel in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Gossypii Seminis (Ol. Gossyp. Sem.), Cottonseed Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Frequently employed in place of olive
oil, in preparations for external use.

=Oleum Juniperi (Ol. Junip.), Oil of Juniper, U.S.P.= (Juniper Oil, Oil of Juniper Berries).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Irritant diuretic.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.); not given as
such.

_Spiritus Juniperi (Sp. Junip.), Spirit of Juniper, U.S.P._--Oil of juniper (5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Spiritus Juniperi Compositus (Sp. Junip. Co.), Compound Spirit of Juniper, U.S.P._--Oil of juniper (0.4%) and oils of caraway and fennel in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 66 per cent.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.)

=Oleum Lavandulae (Ol. Lavand.), Oil of Lavender, U.S.P.= (Oleum Lavandulae Florum U.S.P. VIII).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic and flavoring agent.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Acetum Aromaticum (Acet. Arom.), Aromatic Vinegar, N.F._--Acetic acid, alcohol and water, aromatized with oils of lavender, rosemary, juniper, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon and clove.

USES: Refreshing inhalant and counterirritant.

_Mistura Camphorae Aromatica (Mist. Camph. Arom.), Aromatic Camphor Mixture, N.F._ (Parrish's Camphor Mixture).--Camphor water (about 70%) in compound tincture of lavender and sugar. Absolute alcohol content about 17.5 per cent.

USES: Aromatic carminative.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Mistura Oleo-Balsamica (Mist. Ol.-Balsam.), Oleo-Balsamic Mixture, N.F._--Oil of lavender, eugenol, oils of thyme, cinnamon, lemon and nutmeg with balsam of Peru in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

ACTION AND USES: Local stimulant.

_Spiritus Lavandulae (Sp. Lavand.), Spirit of Lavender, U.S.P._--Oil of lavender (5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Lavandulae Composita (Tr. Lavand. Co.), Compound Tincture of Lavender, U.S.P._ (Compound Spirit of Lavender).--Oil of lavender, oil of rosemary, Saigon cinnamon, clove, nutmeg, and red saunders in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

USES: Aromatic flavor and rubefacient.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=Oleum Limonis (Ol. Limon.), Oil of Lemon, U.S.P.= (Lemon Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent

=*Oleum Lini (Ol. Lini), Linseed Oil, U.S.P.= (Oil of Flaxseed, Raw Linseed Oil).--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Internally, laxative; its disagreeable
taste and odor have made it unpopular. Externally, protective
emollient, especially as Linimentum Calcis (which
see under Calx) in burns.

DOSAGE: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.)

=*Oleum Menthae Piperitae (Ol. Menth. Pip.), Oil of Peppermint, U.S.P.= (Peppermint Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and flavoring
agent.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Aqua Menthae Piperitae (Aq. Menth. Pip.), Peppermint Water, U.S.P._--A saturated solution of oil of peppermint in distilled water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.)

_*Spiritus Menthae Piperitae (Sp. Menth. Pip.), Spirit of Peppermint, U.S.P._ (Essence of Peppermint).--Oil of peppermint (10%), colored with peppermint in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Menthae Piperitae (Troch. Menth. Pip.), Troches of Peppermint, N.F._--Oil of peppermint, with sugar and mucilage of tragacanth.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=Oleum Menthae Viridis (Ol. Menth. Vir.), Oil of Spearmint, U.S.P.= (Spearmint Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic carminative and flavoring
agent.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Aqua Menthae Viridis (Aq. Menth. Vir.), Spearmint Water, U.S.P._--A solution of oil of spearmint in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Spiritus Menthae Viridis (Sp. Menth. Vir.), Spirit of Spearmint, U.S.P._--Oil of spearmint (10%), colored with spearmint, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.)

=*Oleum Morrhuae (Ol. Morrh.), Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P.= (Oleum Jecoris Aselli).--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Generally considered to be a food
rather than a medicine. Its value depends probably entirely
on its nutritive property. Preferably administered as such
or in the form of recently prepared emulsions.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae (Emuls. Ol. Morrh.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil, U.S.P._--Cod liver oil (50%) with acacia, syrup, methyl salicylate and water. Other flavors may be substituted for the methyl salicylate.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Lactophosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Lactophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), calcium lactophosphate (5%), lactic acid, acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Calcii Phosphate (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Calc. Phos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Calcium Phosphate, N.F._ (Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Phosphate of Lime).--Cod liver oil (50%), precipitated calcium phosphate (3.5%), syrup of Tolu, acacia and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Hypophos.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Hypophosphites, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), calcium hypophosphite (1%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 0.5%), acacia, syrup and water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Malto (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Malt.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Malt, N.F._--Cod liver oil (30%), extract of malt (about 55%), tragacanth and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Pruno Virginiana (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Prun. Virg.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Wild Cherry, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), fluidextract of wild cherry (6.5%), acacia, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Vitello (Emul. Ol. Morrh. c. Vitel.), Emulsion of Cod Liver Oil with Egg, N.F._--Cod liver oil (50%), glycerite of yolk of egg, syrup of Tolu and water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Oleum Myrciae (Ol. Myrc.), Oil of Myrcia, N.F.= (Oil of Bay).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatizing agent used in bay-rum.

_Spiritus Myrciae Compositus (Sp. Myrciae Co.), Compound Spirit of Myrcia, N.F._--Oils of myrcia, orange, pimenta, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 58 per cent.

USES: Perfume and stimulant to the skin.

=Oleum Myristicae (Ol. Myrist.), Oil of Myristica, U.S.P.= (Myristica Oil, Oil of Nutmeg).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Olivae (Ol. Oliv.), Olive Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Emollient, laxative and nutrient.

DOSAGE: 30 Cc. or 1 fluidounce (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum (Ol. Pic. Liq. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Tar, U.S.P.= (Oleum Picis Liquidae, U.S.P. VIII, Rectified Tar Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Externally antiseptic, irritant and
parasiticide; used in skin diseases.

DOSAGE: Internally, 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Olei Picis (Mist. Ol. Pic.), Mixture of Oil of Tar, N.F._ (Mistura Picis Liquidae, Tar Mixture).--Rectified oil of tar (3.5%) and chloroform (1%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, sugar and oil of peppermint in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 16 per cent.

USES: Complex, disagreeable expectorant.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Petroxolinum Picis (Petrox. Pic.), Tar Petroxolin, N.F._ (Tar Petrox).--Rectified oil of tar (25%) in liquid petroxolin.

_Unguentum Picis Compositum (Ung. Pic. Co.), Compound Tar Ointment, N.F._--Rectified oil of tar (4%), zinc oxide (3%), and tincture of benzoin in yellow wax, lard and cottonseed oil.

=Oleum Pimentae (Ol. Piment.), Oil of Pimenta, U.S.P.= (Pimento Oil, Oil of Allspice).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavoring agent and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=Oleum Pini Pumilionis (Ol. Pin. Pumil.), Oil of Dwarf Pine Needles, U.S.P.= (Dwarf Pine Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: More aromatic than oil of turpentine,
and used as an inhalation in catarrh of the respiratory
passages.

=*Oleum Ricini (Ol. Ricin.), Castor Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

Soluble in equal parts of alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Effective and prompt cathartic, but
likely to be followed by constipation and therefore not indicated
in chronic constipation. Useful as an initial purge
in acute diarrheas.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Ricini (Emul. Ol. Ricin.), Emulsion of Castor Oil, N.F._--Castor oil (35%), with acacia, flavored with tincture of vanilla, in syrup and water.

USES: Renders castor oil somewhat less disagreeable.

DOSAGE: 45 Cc. or 1-1/2 fluidounces (N.F.).

_Oleum Ricini Aromaticum (Ol. Ricin. Arom.), Aromatic Castor Oil, N.F._--Castor oil flavored with benzosulphinide, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove, vanillin and coumarin.

USES: A partly successful attempt to render castor oil
less disagreeable.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Oleum Rosmarini (Ol. Rosmar.), Oil of Rosemary, U.S.P.= (Rosemary Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Santali (Ol. Santal.), Oil of Santal, U.S.P.= (Santalwood Oil, Oil of Sandalwood).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Urinary disinfectant and stimulant.
Used in subacute stages of cystitis and gonorrhea.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.), preferably in
capsules.

=Oleum Sassafras (Ol. Sassaf.), Oil of Sassafras, U.S.P.= (Sassafras Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Flavor; used externally as rubefacient
counterirritant.

=Oleum Sesami (Ol. Sesam.), Sesame Oil, U.S.P.= (Teel Oil, Benne Oil).--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Emollient, used as substitute for olive
oil.

=*Oleum Sinapis Volatile (Ol. Sinap. Vol.), Volatile Oil of Mustard, U.S.P.= (Mustard Oil).--Produced synthetically or from black mustard seed.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Powerful irritant and rapid vesicant;
employed as counterirritant dissolved in alcohol or fixed
oils.

_Linimentum Sinapis Compositum (Lin. Sinap. Co.), Compound Liniment of Mustard, N.F._--Volatile oil of mustard (3%), fluidextract of mezereum (20%) and camphor (6%) in castor oil and alcohol.

USES: Complex and antiquated counterirritant.

_Spiritus Sinapis (Sp. Sinap.), Spirit of Mustard, N.F._--Volatile oil of mustard (2%) in alcohol.

USES: Rubefacient.

=*Oleum Terebinthinae (Ol. Tereb.), Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P.= (Turpentine Oil, "Spirits of Turpentine").--A volatile oil obtained from the oleoresin of pine wood (turpentine).

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Applied externally, rubefacient and
counterirritant. For internal use, see Oleum Terebinthinae
Rectificatum, below.

_Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum (Ol. Tereb. Rect.), Rectified Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P._ (Rectified Turpentine Oil).--Redistilled oil of turpentine.

USES: Antiseptic, anthelmintic, diuretic and carminative.
Used to relieve tympanites.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

_Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae (Emuls. Ol. Tereb.), Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine, U.S.P._--Rectified oil of turpentine (15%) with expressed oil of almond, syrup, acacia and water.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 1/2 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Terebinthinae (Lin. Terebinth.), Turpentine Liniment, U.S.P._ (Kentish's Ointment).--Rosin cerate (65%) in oil of turpentine.

_Linimentum Terebinthinae Aceticum (Lin. Terebinth. Acet.), Acetic Turpentine Liniment, N.F._ (Linimentum Album, Stokes' Liniment, St. John Long's Liniment).--Oil of turpentine (40%) and acetic acid (8%) with oil of lemon, fresh egg and rose water.

=*Oleum Theobromatis (Ol. Theobrom.), Oil of Theobroma, U.S.P.= (Butter of Cacao, Cacao Butter).--A solid fixed oil.

Melts at body temperature.

ACTION AND USES: Used principally in suppositories,
etc.; sometimes in emollient ointments and as a lubricant
in massage.

=Oleum Thymi (Ol. Thymi), Oil of Thyme, U.S.P.= (Thyme Oil).--A volatile oil.

Nearly insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Rubefacient and counterirritant;
usually applied as a liniment, diluted with a fixed oil or
the well-known soap liniment. Internally, carminative but
now seldom used.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).

=*Oleum Tiglii (Ol. Tiglii), Croton Oil, U.S.P.=--A fixed oil.

ACTION AND USES: Very powerful cathartic and gastric
and intestinal irritant, frequently causing violent vomiting
and purging, sometimes followed by collapse. Externally,
rubefacient and vesicant.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.). Preferably
administered in drop doses on sugar or in a pill with
bread or other absorbent.

_Collodium Tiglii (Collod. Tiglii), Croton Oil Collodion, N.F._--Croton oil (10%) and flexible collodion.

USES: There is no advantage in applying croton oil with
collodion.

_Linimentum Tiglii (Lin. Tiglii), Liniment of Croton Oil, N.F._ (Linimentum Crotonis).--Croton oil (13%), oil of cajuput, and alcohol.

_Linimentum Tiglii Compositum (Lin. Tiglii Co.), Compound Croton Oil Liniment, N.F._--Croton oil, oil of sassafras and oil of turpentine (each 20%) and olive oil.

=*Opium (Opium), Opium, U.S.P.=--The dried juice of the opium poppy. Yields not less than 9.5 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

ACTION AND USES: Like those of morphine, but opium is absorbed more
slowly, and is generally preferred in the treatment of the
gastro-intestinal tract, especially for the purpose of checking
diarrhea. It is ineffective for external or local application, because
the opium alkaloids are not absorbed to any appreciable extent through
the unbroken skin.

The routine use of complicated mixtures containing opiates deserves
condemnation, since opium should not be prescribed unless it is
adapted to the conditions of the individual patient.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Acetum Opii (Acet. Opii), Vinegar of Opium, N.F._--Opium (10%) in diluted acetic acid, flavored with nutmeg and sugar.

USES: An obsolete and superfluous preparation.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_*Extractum Opii (Ext. Opii), Extract of Opium, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Opium, Opii Extractum, P.I.).--One Gm. extract represents about 2 Gm. opium. Yields about 20 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).

_Linimentum Opii Compositum (Lin. Opii Co.), Compound Liniment of Opium, N.F._ (Canada Liniment).--Tincture of opium (10%), camphor (1.75%), oil of peppermint (2.5%) in alcohol, fresh egg albumen, ammonia water and oil of turpentine. Absolute alcohol content about 28 per cent.

USES: Irrational opium preparation.

_Mistura Camphorae Acida (Mist. Camph. Acid.), Acid Camphor Mixture, N.F._ (Mistura Antidysenterica, Hope's Mixture).--Tincture of opium (1.2%) and nitric acid (1.75%) in camphor water.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Mistura Carminativa (Mist. Carminat.), Carminative Mixture, N.F._ (Dalby's Carminative).--Tincture of opium (2.5%), magnesium carbonate (6.5%), potassium carbonate (0.3%), with oils of caraway, fennel and peppermint in syrup and water.

USES: Against colic.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita (Mist. Glycyrrh. Co.), Compound Mixture of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._ (Brown Mixture).--Camphorated tincture of opium (12%), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.024%), with pure extract of glycyrrhiza, syrup, acacia and spirit of nitrous ether in water. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

USES: A misnamed but popular expectorant, efficient
mainly through its opium and antimony.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Mistura Opii et Chloroformi Composita (Mist. Opii et Chlorof. Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Chloroform, N.F._ (Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture).--Tincture of opium (20%), spirit of camphor (20%), tincture of capsicum (10%), chloroform (8%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Opii et Rhei Composita (Mist. Opii et Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Opium and Rhubarb, N.F._ (Sun Cholera Mixture).--Tincture of opium (20%), tincture of rhubarb (10%), tincture of capsicum (10%), spirit of camphor (20%), spirit of peppermint and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 78 per cent.

USES: Against diarrhea.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Opii et Sassafras (Mist. Opii et Sassaf.), Mixture of Opium and Sassafras, N.F._ (Mistura Sassafras et Opii, N.F. III, Mistura Opii Alkalina, Godfrey's Cordial).--Tincture of opium (3.5%) and oil of sassafras (0.1%) with alcohol and potassium carbonate in syrup and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6.5 per cent.

USES: Sedative.

DOSAGE: Infants, 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

_*Opii Pulvis (Opii Pulv.), Powdered Opium, U.S.P._ (Opii Pulvis, P.I.).--Contains about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Opium Deodoratum (Opium Deod.), Deodorized Opium, U.S.P._--Opium extracted with benzin. Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Opium Granulatum (Opium Gran.), Granulated Opium, U.S.P._--Yields about 10.25 per cent. of anhydrous morphine.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).

_Pilulae Opii, Digitalis et Quininae (Pil. Opii Digit. et Quin.), Pills of Opium, Digitalis and Quinine, N.F._ (Niemeyer Pills for Phthisis).--Each pill contains powdered opium (0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain), digitalis and quinine sulphate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Opii et Camphorae (Pil. Opii et Camph.), Pills of Opium and Camphor, N.F._--Each pill contains powdered opium (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and camphor (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with clarified honey.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Opii et Plumbi (Pil. Opii et Plumb.), Pills of Opium and Lead, N.F._--Each pill contains powdered opium and lead acetate (each 0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with clarified honey.

USES: Constipative. The internal use of lead is rarely
advisable.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pulvis Cretae et Opii Aromaticus (Pulv. Cret. et Opii Arom.), Aromatic Powder of Chalk and Opium, N.F._--Powdered opium (2.5%) and aromatic powder of chalk.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_*Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Pulv. Ipecac. et Opii), Powder of Ipecac and Opium, U.S.P._ (Compound Powder of Ipecac, Dover's Powder, Opii et Ipecacuanhae Pulvis Compositus, P.I.).--Powdered opium and ipecac (each 10%) with sugar of milk.

USES: Especially as diaphoretic in incipient colds.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Syr. Ipecac. et Opii), Syrup of Ipecac and Opium, N.F._ (Syrup of Dover's Powder).--Tincture of ipecac and opium (8.5%) flavored with spirit of cinnamon and cinnamon water in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Tr. Ipecac. et Opii), Tincture of Ipecac and Opium, N.F._ (Tincture of Dover's Powder).--Tincture of deodorized opium (100%) and fluidextract of ipecac (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Opii (Tr. Opii), Tincture of Opium, U.S.P._ (Laudanum, Opii Tinctura, P.I.).--Granulated opium (10%) yielding about 1 per cent. of anhydrous morphine in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims.

_*Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Tr. Opii Camph.), Camphorated Tincture of Opium, U.S.P._ (Paregoric, Opii Tinctura Benzoici P.I.).--Powdered opium and camphor (each 0.4%), benzoic acid, oil of anise and glycerin in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Opii Crocata (Tr. Opii Crocat.), Tincture of Opium with Saffron, N.F._ (Sydenham's Laudanum, Tinctura Opii Crocata, P.I.).--Granulated opium (10%) with saffron, Saigon cinnamon and clove in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Opii Deodorati (Tr. Opii Deod.), Tincture of Deodorized Opium, U.S.P._--Opium (10%, a purified or deodorized aqueous extract yielding about 1% anhydrous morphine), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Pectoralis (Tr. Pectoral.), Pectoral Tincture, N.F._ (Guttae Pectorales, Pectoral Drops, Bateman's Pectoral Drops).--Opium (0.4%), gambir (about 0.3%), camphor (0.4%), with oil of anise and caramel in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

=Ovi Albumen Recens (Ovi Album.), Fresh Egg Albumen, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy.

=Ovi Vitellum Recens (Ovi Vitel.), Fresh Egg Yolk, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Emulsifying agent.

_Glyceritum Vitelli (Glycer. Vitell.), Glycerite of Egg Yolk, N.F._ (Glyconin).--Fresh yolk of egg and glycerin.

=Ovum Gallinaceum (Ovum Gallin.), Fresh Egg, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmaceutical preparations.

=*Oxygenium (Oxygen.), Oxygen, U.S.P.=

ACTION AND USES: Inhaled for relief of asphyxia, carbon
monoxide poisoning, etc.

=*Pancreatinum (Pancreat.), Pancreatin, U.S.P.=--Contains enzymes from the pancreas of the hog or beef, principally amylopsin, trypsin and steapsin. Converts not less than 25 per cent. of its own weight of starch into sugars.

A cream-colored powder with a faint odor.

ACTION AND USES: Chiefly for the predigestion of protein
and starchy foods. Incompatible with acids and is
therefore destroyed by the action of normal gastric juice.
Occasionally used to assist gastric digestion in achlorhydria
but the administration of dilute hydrochloric acid
seems preferable. When the pancreatic juice is absent
pancreatin may be given in salol-coated pills.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Pancreatini (Liq. Pancreat.), Solution of Pancreatin, N.F._ (Liquor Pancreaticus, N.F. III, Pancreatic Solution).--Pancreatin (1.75%), sodium bicarbonate (5%), with compound spirit of cardamom, sodium chloride and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water. Absolute alcohol content about 6 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Pulvis Pancreatini Compositus (Pulv. Pancreat. Co.), Compound Pancreatin Powder, N.F._ (Pulvis Pancreaticus Compositus, N.F. III, Peptonizing Powder).--Pancreatin (20%) and sodium bicarbonate.

USES: Predigestion of milk.

=Papaveris Fructus (Papav. Fruct.), Poppy Capsules, N.F.=--Fully grown unripe poppy heads.

ACTION AND USES: Weak and unreliable opiate.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Papaveris (Syr. Papaver.), Syrup of Poppy, N.F._--Poppy capsules (10%) in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Paracoto (Paracot.), Paracoto, N.F.=--Bark of an unidentified tree.

ACTION AND USES: At one time used in diarrhea. The
identity of the drug is uncertain and there is no scientific
evidence for its value; hence it is now little used.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Paracoto (Fldext. Paracot.), Fluidextract of Paracoto, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Coto, N.F. III).--Paracoto (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Paracoto (Tr. Paracoto), Tincture of Paracoto, N.F._ (Tinctura Coto, N.F. III).--Paracoto (12.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

USES: Antidiarrheic, of doubtful efficacy.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=*Paraffinum (Paraff.), Paraffin, U.S.P.=--A purified mixture of solid hydrocarbons, usually obtained from petroleum.

A white, waxy, odorless and tasteless solid, greasy to the touch,
melting between 50 and 57 C.

ACTION AND USES: Used in surgery for prosthetic purposes
and in pharmacy for raising the melting point of
ointments and similar products.

=Paraformaldehydum (Paraform.), Paraformaldehyde, U.S.P.= (Paraform, Trioxymethylene).--A polymeric form of formaldehyde.

White friable masses or powder with a slight odor of formaldehyde.
Soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol or ether.

ACTION AND USES: Employed in place of formaldehyde
to disinfect rooms by vaporization in presence of moisture
(to insure formation of formaldehyde). As it is active
only if decomposed there may be some doubt as to its
efficiency. Internally, it has been used as intestinal antiseptic,
but is probably useless and may be harmful.

=*Paraldehydum (Paraldehyd.), Paraldehyde, U.S.P.=--A polymer of acetaldehyde.

A colorless liquid, having a strong, characteristic odor and an
extremely unpleasant taste, and producing first a burning and then
a cooling sensation in the mouth. Soluble in water (1:8), and
miscible with alcohol or chloroform.

ACTION AND USES: Prompt and fairly active hypnotic
and sedative devoid of serious side-effects.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.). Best administered
with cracked ice or ice-cold liquids.

=Pareira (Pareira), Pareira, N.F.= (Pareira Brava).--Roots.

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete bitter tonic.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Pareirae (Fldext. Pareir.), Fluidextract of Pareira, N.F._--Pareira (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Passiflora (Passiflor.), Passion Flower, N.F.= (Passion Vine).--Dried herbage.

ACTION AND USES: Exploited by manufacturers of proprietary
remedies for the treatment of insomnia, but
probably inert.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Passiflorae (Tr. Passiflor.), Tincture of Passion Flower, N.F._--Passion flower (20%), in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

=PASTAE DERMATOLOGICAE, DERMATOLOGIC PASTES.=--Dermatologic pastes are medicaments for external use. They are ointment-like mixtures containing starch or dextrin with glycerin, soft soap, petrolatum or lard mixed with some active medicinal agent. For the official dermatologic pastes see under the names of the principal constituents.

=*Pelletierinae Tannas (Pellet. Tann.), Pelletierine Tannate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of alkaloids from pomegranate.

A light yellow, odorless powder with an astringent taste. Slightly
soluble in water (1:240) and soluble in alcohol (1:16).

ACTION AND USES: Anthelmintic and teniafuge.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.). May be
administered suspended in water. Should be given on an
empty stomach followed after one or two hours by brisk
purging. Not more than 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains should be
given.

=Pepo (Pepo), Pepo, U.S.P.= (Pumpkin Seed).

ACTION AND USES: Domestic anthelmintic; probably
inefficient.

DOSAGE: 30 Gm. or 1 ounce (U.S.P.)

=*Pepsinum (Pepsin.), Pepsin, U.S.P.=--Contains a proteolytic ferment or enzyme from the stomach of the hog.

White or yellowish scales, grains, or powder, having a slightly
acid or saline taste and no offensive odor. Soluble in water
(1:50); nearly insoluble in alcohol. Digests 3000 times its own
weight of coagulated egg albumen.

ACTION AND USES: Used to assist in the gastric digestion
of proteins. Usually superfluous, since gastric juice generally
contains sufficient pepsin to perform gastric digestion.
The alcohol of the elixirs and wines may be distinctly
harmful in gastric disorders, while the other ingredients
of the many complex mixtures need be prescribed only when
direct indications for them exist. Many of these mixtures
are irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Pepsini (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Pepsin.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Pepsin, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Pepsini, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal with Iron and Pepsin).--Glycerite of pepsin (20%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini (Elix. Pepsin.), Elixir of Pepsin, N.F._--Glycerite of pepsin (20%), glycerin (10%), hydrochloric acid (0.4%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini, Bismuthi et Strychninae._--See under =Strychnina=.

_Elixir Pepsini et Bismuthi (Elix. Pepsin. et Bism.), Elixir of Pepsin and Bismuth, N.F._--Pepsin (0.85%), glycerin (12.5%), glycerite of bismuth (12.5%) in water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

USES: This preparation lacks the protective action of the
basic bismuth salts.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini et Ferri (Elix. Pepsin. et Ferr.), Elixir of Pepsin and Iron, N.F._--Tincture of ferric citro-chloride (7.5%) and elixir of pepsin. Absolute alcohol content about 15 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Pepsini et Rennini Compositum (Elix. Pepsin. et Rennin. Co.), Compound Elixir of Pepsin and Rennin, N.F._ (Essentia Pepsini, N.F. III).--Pepsin (2.25%), rennin (1.65%), lactic acid, tincture of sweet orange peel, glycerin, alcohol, oil of myristica and water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Glyceritum Pepsini (Glycer. Pepsin.), Glycerite of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (8.5%), hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 3 Cc. or 45 minims (N.F.).

_Liquor Pepsini (Liq. Pepsin.), Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Glycerite of pepsin (5%) and hydrochloric acid (1%) in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Liquor Pepsini Antisepticus (Liq. Pepsin. Antisept.), Antiseptic Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (5%), menthol, eucalyptol, methyl salicylate, alcohol, glycerin and diluted hydrochloric acid in water. Absolute alcohol content about 1 per cent.

USES: This solution appears misnamed, since its administration
cannot render the stomach antiseptic.

_Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (Liq. Pepsin. Arom.), Aromatic Solution of Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (1.75%), oils of cinnamon, pimenta and clove, alcohol, hydrochloric acid and glycerin in water. Absolute alcohol content about 3 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Pepsinum Saccharatum (Pepsin. Sacchar.), Saccharated Pepsin, N.F._--Pepsin (10%) with sugar of milk.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Succus Citri et Pepsinum (Suc. Cit. et Pepsin.), Lime Juice and Pepsin, N.F._ (Succus Limettae cum Pepsino, N.F. III).--Glycerite of pepsin (40%) and lime juice.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Vinum Pepsini (Vin. Pepsin.), Wine of Pepsin, N.F._ (Pepsin Wine).--Glycerite of pepsin (20%) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Persio (Persio), Cudbear, N.F.= (Red Indigo).--A purplish-red powder prepared from lichens.

ACTION AND USES: Coloring agent.

_Tinctura Persionis (Tr. Persion.), Tincture of Cudbear, N.F._--Cudbear in alcohol and water.

USES: To impart a reddish color.

_Tinctura Persionis Composita (Tr. Persion. Co.), Compound Tincture of Cudbear, N.F._--Cudbear and caramel in alcohol and water.

USES: To impart a reddish-brown color.

=*Petrolatum (Petrolat.), Petrolatum, U.S.P.= (Petrolatum Ointment, Petroleum Jelly).--A purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons from crude petroleum.

An unctuous, nearly odorless and nearly tasteless semisolid.
Insoluble in water and almost insoluble in alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Protective to the skin and basis for
ointments, etc.

_Emulsum Petrolati (Emul. Petrolat.), Emulsion of Petrolatum, N.F._ (Emulsum Petrolei, N.F. III).--Petrolatum (22.5%), expressed oil of almond and acacia in syrup and water flavored with tincture of lemon peel.

USES: Emollient laxative.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=Petrolatum Album (Petrolat. Alb.), White Petrolatum, U.S.P.= (White Petroleum Jelly).--Petrolatum decolorized or nearly so.

ACTION AND USES: Same as those of petrolatum.

_*Petrolatum Liquidum (Petrolat. Liq.), Liquid Petrolatum, U.S.P._ (Liquid Paraffin, Mineral Oil).--A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons. Official as Heavy Liquid Petrolatum and Light Liquid Petrolatum.

A colorless, transparent, oily, nearly odorless and nearly
tasteless liquid. Insoluble in water or alcohol.

ACTION AND USES: Vehicle for medicinal agents to be
applied externally or to the mucous membranes of the
nose and throat. Also given internally largely for its
mechanical action in constipation. Is not absorbed by the
intestine and has no nutritive properties.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Nebula Aromatica (Nebul. Arom.), Aromatic Oil Spray, N.F._ (Aromatol).--Light liquid petrolatum aromatized with phenol, menthol, thymol, camphor, benzoic acid, eucalyptol, oil of cinnamon, oil of clove and methyl salicylate.

USES: An aromatic spray.

_Petroxolinum Liquidum (Petrox. Liq.), Liquid Petroxolin, N.F._ (Petrolatum Saponatum Liquidum, N.F. III, Liquid Petrox).--Light liquid petrolatum and ammonium oleate, scented with oil of lavender and diluted with water and alcohol.

USES: A soap-emulsion of petrolatum intended as vehicle
for oily applications.

_Petroxolinum Spissum (Petrox. Spiss.), Solid Petroxolin, N.F._ (Petrolatum Saponatum Spissum, N.F. III, Solid Petrox).--An ointment composed of ammonium oleate, white wax, light liquid petrolatum and alcohol scented with oil of lavender.

=Petroselini Radix (Petrosel. Rad.), Parsley Root, N.F.=

ACTION AND USES: Obsolete carminative.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Petroselini Radicis (Fldext. Petrosel. Rad.), Fluidextract of Parsley Root, N.F._--Parsley root (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=Petroselinum (Petrosel.), Parsley Fruit, U.S.P.= (Parsley Seed).

ACTION AND USES: See the oleoresin below.

_Oleoresina Petroselini (Oleores. Petrosel.), Oleoresin of Parsley Fruit, U.S.P._ (Liquid Apiol).

USES: Advertised as an emmenagogue, but of doubtful
value.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).

=PETROXOLINA, PETROXOLINS.=--The petroxolins are solutions or suspensions of active medicaments in a mixture of ammonia soap and petrolatum or liquid petrolatum. Their advantage over other forms of external applications is doubtful. For official petroxolins see under the names of the principal ingredients.

=*Phenol (Phenol), Phenol, U.S.P.= (Carbolic Acid).--Hydroxybenzene obtained from coal-tar or made synthetically.

Colorless crystals or white crystalline masses, sometimes becoming
reddish, with a characteristic odor. Soluble in water (1:15), and
very soluble in alcohol, glycerin or the fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Standard antiseptic and germicide;
also local anesthetic and caustic.

_Aqua Phenolata (Aq. Phenol.), Phenolated Water, N.F._ (Carbolic Acid Water).--Phenol (2%) in water.

_Glyceritum Phenolis (Glycer. Phenol.), Glycerite of Phenol, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Carbolic Acid).--Liquefied phenol (20%) in glycerin.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.).

_Oleum Phenolatum (Ol. Phenol.), Phenolated Oil, N.F._ (Oleum Carbolatum, N.F. III, Carbolized Oil).--Phenol (5%) in olive oil.

USES: A mild local stimulant and anesthetic but practically
not antiseptic.

_Petroxolinum Phenolis (Petrox. Phenol.), Phenol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Phenol Petrox).--Phenol (5%) in liquid petroxolin.

_Petroxolinum Phenolis Camphoratum (Petrox. Phenol. Camph.), Camphorated Phenol Petroxolin, N.F._ (Camphorated Phenol Petrox).--Phenol (12.5%) and camphor (37.5%) in liquid petroxolin.

_*Phenol Liquefactum (Phenol Liq.), Liquefied Phenol, U.S.P._ (Liquefied Carbolic Acid).--Phenol liquefied by water (about 10%).

A colorless liquid, which may become reddish.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).

_Unguentum Phenolis (Ung. Phenol.), Ointment of Phenol, U.S.P._ (Ointment of Carbolic Acid).--Liquefied phenol (2.25%) in ointment.

=Phenol Iodatum (Phenol Iodat.), Iodized Phenol, N.F.= (Acidum Carbolicum Iodatum, N.F. III).--Iodine (20%) and phenol (60%) in glycerin.

=*Phenolphthaleinum (Phenolphthal.), Phenolphthalein, U.S.P.=

White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble
in water; soluble in alcohol (1:13).

ACTION AND USES: Mild but efficient cathartic. It may
cause some irritation to the rectum and lower bowel and
very large doses have produced alarming secondary
symptoms.

DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Phenolphthaleini (Troch. Phenolphthal.), Troches of Phenolphthalein, N.F._--Each troche contains phenolphthalein (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with acacia, sugar, vanillin and carmine.

DOSAGE: 1 troche

=*Phenylis Salicylas (Phenyl. Salicyl.), Phenyl Salicylate, U.S.P.= (Salol).

White powder, with an aromatic odor and a slight, characteristic
taste. Slightly soluble in water (1:6670); freely soluble in
alcohol (1:6), and in fixed or volatile oils.

ACTION AND USES: Intestinal antiseptic, by the liberation
of phenol and salicylic acid.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) best in powder;
may be inclosed dry in capsules or cachets.

=*Phosphorus (Phosphor.), Phosphorus, U.S.P.=

Translucent, nearly colorless, waxy solid with a characteristic
odor, becoming white, red or black on the surface on long keeping.
Readily inflammable in air (preserved under water). Almost
insoluble in water, to which phosphorus imparts its characteristic
odor and taste; slightly soluble in dehydrated alcohol (1:400) and
soluble in chloroform (1:17).

ACTION AND USES: In rickets for stimulation of bone
formation. Its use as "nerve-food" is irrational.

DOSAGE: 0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain (U.S.P.). May be
administered in pills or as phosphorated oil (1:100). The
preparations are unreliable unless they have been recently
made, since phosphorus rapidly loses its efficiency through
oxidation.

_Elixir Phosphori (Elix. Phosphor.), Elixir of Phosphorus, N.F._--Phosphorus (0.025%) and chloroform in alcohol, glycerin and water flavored with compound spirit of orange and oil of anise. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent. Deteriorates rapidly.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Elixir Phosphori et Nucis Vomicae (Elix. Phosphor. et Nuc. Vom.), Elixir of Phosphorus and Nux Vomica, N.F._--Tincture of nux vomica (3.5%) and elixir of phosphorus. Absolute alcohol content about 32 per cent.

USES: An irrational "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Liquor Phosphori (Liq. Phosphor.), Solution of Phosphorus, N.F._ (Thompson's Solution of Phosphorus).--Phosphorus (0.07%) in glycerin and dehydrated alcohol flavored with spirit of peppermint. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).

_Oleum Phosphoratum (Ol. Phosphorat.), Phosphorated Oil, N.F._--Phosphorus (1%), dissolved in ether and added to expressed oil of almond.

DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (N.F.).

_Pilulae Phosphori (Pil. Phosphor.), Pills of Phosphorus, U.S.P._--Each pill should contain phosphorus (0.6 mg. or 1/100 grain) coated with tolu.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (U.S.P.).

=Physostigma (Physostig.), Physostigma, U.S.P.= (Calabar Bean, Ordeal Bean).--Yields not less than 0.15 per cent. of alkaloids (chiefly physostigmine).

ACTION AND USES: Antitetanic, antineuralgic, peristaltic.
See =Physostigminae Salicylas=, which has the same actions
and deserves preference because of its uniform composition.