Chapter V: Part III: Scientific Pursuits

ACOUSTICS 347
Difference between Sound and Noise 347
Sounds, how propagated 347
To show how Sound travels through a Solid 347
To show that Sound depends on Vibration 347
Musical Figures resulting from Sound 347
To make an Æolian Harp 348
The Invisible Girl 348
Ventriloquism 349

AERONAUTICS 350
Balloons 350
How to make an Air-balloon 351
How to Fill a Balloon 352
To make Fire-Balloons 352
Parachutes 352

CHEMISTRY 353
Gases 357
Oxygen Gas 358
Experiments 359
Nitrogen 360
Experiments 361
Atmospheric Air 362
Hydrogen 364
Experiments 364
Water 365
Experiment 366
Chlorine 367
Experiments 368
Muriatic Acid Gas, or Hydric Chloride 369
Experiments 370
Iodine 371
Experiments 371
Bromine 371
Experiments 371
Fluorine 372
Experiment 372
Carbon 372
Experiments 373
Carbon and Hydrogen 374
Experiment 375
Coal Gas 376
Experiment 376
Phosphorus 377
Experiments 377
Sulphur 378
Metals 379
Potassium 381
Experiments 381, 382, 383
Crystallization of Metals 383
Experiment 383
To form a Solid from two Liquids 384
To form a Liquid from two Solids 384
Experiments 384
Changes of Colour produced by Colourless Liquids 385

ELECTRICITY 386
Simple Means of producing Electricity 386
Attraction and Repulsion exhibited 387
How to make an Electrical Machine 388
The Conductor 389
The Plate Electrical Machine 389
How to draw Sparks from the tip of the Nose 389
How to charge a Leyden Jar 390
The Electrical Battery 390
Dancing Balls and Dolls 391
The Electrical Kiss 391
Ringing Bells 391
Working Power of Electricity 392
The Electrified Wig 392
Imitation Thunder Clouds 393
The Lightning Stroke imitated 393
The Sportsman 394

GALVANISM, OR VOLTAIC ELECTRICITY 395
Origin of Galvanism 395
Simple Experiment to excite Galvanic Action 396
With Metal Plates in Water 396
To make a Magnet by the Voltaic Current 397
Effects of Galvanism on a Magnet 397
Change of Colour by Galvanism 397
The Galvanic Shock 398
The Electrotype 398
How to make an Electrotype Apparatus 398
To obtain the Copy of a Coin or Medal 399

HEAT 399
Heat or Caloric 399
Expansion 402

HYDRAULICS 404
The Syphon 405
The Pump 405
The Hydraulic Dancer 406
The Water Snail or Archimedean Screw 407

MAGNETISM 408
Relation of Magnetism to Electricity 408
To make Artificial Magnets 409
How to Magnetise a Poker 409
To show Magnetic Repulsion and Attraction 409
North and South Poles of the Magnet 410
Polarity of the Magnet 410
The Magnetic Fish 410
„ Swan 411
To suspend a Needle in the Air by Magnetism 411
To make Artificial Magnets without the aid either
of Natural Loadstones or Artificial Magnets 411
Horse-shoe Magnets 412
Experiment to show that soft Iron possesses
Magnetic Properties while it remains in the
vicinity of a Magnet 412
Electro-Magnetism 413
Power of the Electro-Magnet 413
The Mariner’s Compass, and Experiments with a
Pocket Compass 413
Variation of the Needle 414
Dip of the Needle 414
Useful Amusement with the Pocket Compass 414
Interesting Particulars concerning the Magnet 415

MECHANICS 417
Experiment of the Law of Motion 417
Balancing 418
The Prancing Horse 418
To construct a Figure, which being placed upon a
curved surface and inclined in any position,
shall, when left to itself, return to its former
position 418
To make a Carriage run in an inverted position
without falling 418
To cause a Cylinder to roll by its own weight
up-hill 418
The Balanced Stick 419
The Chinese Mandarin 419
To make a Shilling turn on its edge on the point
of a Needle 419
The Dancing Pea 420
Obliquity of Motion 420
The Bridge of Knives 421
The Toper’s Tripod 421

THE MICROSCOPE 422
The Compound Microscope 432

OPTICS AND OPTICAL AMUSEMENTS 455
Light as an Effect 455
Refraction 456
The Invisible Coin made Visible 456
The Multiplying Glass 457
Transparent Bodies 457
The Prism 457
Composition of Light 457
A Natural Camera Obscura 458
Bullock’s-eye Experiment 458
The Camera Obscura 458
The Camera Lucida 459
The Magic Lantern 460
Painting the Slides 460
To exhibit the Magic Lantern 461
Effects of the Magic Lantern 461
Tempest at Sea 461
The Phantasmagoria 462
Dissolving Views 462
How to raise a Ghost 462
The Thaumatrope 463
The Bird in the Cage 463
Construction of the Phantasmacope 464
Curious Optical Illusions 464, 465
The Picture in the Air 465
Breathing Light and Darkness 466
To show that Rays of Light do not obstruct each
other 466
Optics of a Soap-bubble 467
The Kaleidoscope 467
Simple Solar Microscope 468
Anamorphoses 468
The Cosmorama 470
Distorted Landscapes 470

PHOTOGRAPHY 472
How to make the Negative on Glass, using
Collodion bromoiodized for Iron development 472

PNEUMATICS 477
Weight of the Air Proved by a pair of Bellows 477
The Pressure of the Air shown by a Wine-glass 478
Another Experiment 478
Elasticity of the Air 478
Reason for this 479
The Air-Pump 479
To prove that Air has Weight 479
To prove Air elastic 480
Sovereign and Feather 480
Air in the Egg 480
The Descending Smoke 480
The Soundless Bell 481
The Floating Fish 481
The Diving Bell 482
Experiments 482, 484, 485
With Ice or Snow 485
Without Snow or Ice 485

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS 486
How to use the Spectroscope 488
To obtain the Bright Lines in the Spectrum given
by any Substance 488
Professor Stokes’ Absorption Bands 489
To Map out any Spectrum 489