Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: 4 (3)

The State Pavilion was dedicated as the "New Kentucky Home." By a careful study of the visitors' register with the total attendance at the exposition it was found that 1 out of every 18 visitors to the fair visited the "New Kentucky Home." The registers showed for one day alone citizens from 35 States and 11 foreign countries. Its walls, hung with more than $20,000 worth of the paintings of Kentucky artists, the most important collection in the State Building; a score of glass cases holding one of the exhibits of fancy needlework and a display of relics, with a library of the works of Kentucky authors and an art-design piano with Kentucky-written music, the "New Kentucky Home" was most interesting. With four sides, and every side a front, its doors were always wide open and no restriction was placed upon visitors. Its 582 lights at night spoke an invitation to all.

LOUISIANA.

_Members of commission._--Governor Newton C. Blanchard, president; Dr. W.C. Stubbs, State commissioner; Maj. J.G. Lee, secretary; Gen. J.B. Levert; Col. Charles Schuler; H.L. Gueydan; Robert Glenk, assistant to State commissioner; Charles K. Fuqua, assistant secretary.

The legislature of the State of Louisiana in 1902 passed an act providing that a board of commissioners, to be known as "The Board of Commissioners of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition," be created, consisting of the governor, who should be ex officio president thereof, and four other members to be appointed by the governor. The sum of $100,000 was appropriated by the same act for Louisiana's participation in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition.

In the city of New Orleans is an old Spanish building, erected in 1795, used during the Spanish reign as a cabildo or court building. In this building the actual transfer of the Louisiana purchase from Spain to France and from France to the United States occurred, the first on November 30 and the last on December 20, 1803.

The commission wisely determined to reproduce this building as it was at that date on the exposition grounds at St. Louis and to use the same as a State building. It was determined also to furnish it with furniture and pictures of that date. On account of the prominence of the State of Louisiana in the original purchase, she was accorded first choice in the selection of a site for her State building. A beautiful spot overlooking Government Hill and directly south of Missouri's handsome State Palace was selected. The building was completed in October, 1903, at a cost of $25,000. On account of its historic interest and rich antique furnishings, the State building attracted much attention, and the visitors that passed through its portals numbered perhaps nearly a million.

In front of the building was reproduced the "Place d'Armes" of the French and Spanish regimes, now Jackson square, in the center of which was erected an equestrian statue of Andrew Jackson, modeled upon the one erected to the hero of Chalmette in the square in New Orleans by the grateful citizens of Louisiana.

In the room known as Sala Capitular, in which the transfer occurred, was exposed throughout the exposition a facsimile of the treaty signed by Livingstone, Monroe, and Marbois. In the jails in the rear of the Cabildo were placed the original stocks used by the Spanish in punishment of their criminals.

Besides the Cabildo, which was a veritable museum of curios and interesting relics, Louisiana had 15 exhibits in 10 buildings.

In the Agricultural Palace she had 8,500 feet of space, of which 2,000 was devoted to sugar, 2,000 to rice, 2,000 to cotton, and 2,500 to general agriculture.

In the sugar exhibit was a field of cane made of wax, with negroes cutting the same, and from this field there was a train of cars carrying cane to the sugarhouse. On reaching the sugarhouse the cane was unloaded by machinery and crushed by a complete sugar mill with crusher. Surrounding the sugarhouse were 500 small barrels of sugar and 100 barrels of molasses; also in the same space were commercial samples of plantation and refined sugars and a life-sized model of "Miss Louisiana" made of sugar. Samples of 100 varieties of cane were shown and samples of sugarhouse products were also, displayed. There were also to be seen beautiful samples of paper Of all grades made from the cane.

In the rice exhibit were to be found, first, large shocks of each, variety of rice in the sheaf. A field of growing rice, made of wax, with a harvesting machine cutting and binding the same, was in evidence. All stages of growing rice were represented, from the sprouting seed to the fully matured grain. Samples of commercial rice were tastefully exhibited.

In the cotton exhibit were to be found 15 commercial bales of cotton specially prepared for the exhibit by patriotic citizens of Louisiana. Over these bales was a platform, upon which was erected a "Carnival King" in cotton. A roller and saw gin, a square and round bale cotton press, and a complete cotton-seed oil mill made up the display of machinery in the cotton exhibit. Nearly 100 varieties were shown in small, neat bales, weighing 3 or 4 pounds each.

In the agricultural exhibit every crop growing in the field and the garden was exhibited. Hay from the grasses and legumes, all kinds of grain, both clean and in the straw; all kinds of fiber plants, in the stock and in the fiber; all kinds of tobacco, yellow-leaf cigar leaf, cigars, and the famous Perique were to be found. Vegetables of all kinds, both fresh and in wax, were handsomely displayed.

In the Palace of Horticulture two exhibits were made. Pecans, oranges, grapefruit, peaches, plums, pears, pomegranates, Japan persimmons, and many other subtropical fruits were shown.

In the conservatory were two carloads of plants brought from New Orleans. In it were 28 varieties of palms and many varieties of oranges, pecans, figs, pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, etc.

In the Forestry Building there were two exhibits from Louisiana. In the first were to be found timbers of valuable forests and their products. In the same building were found the birds, fishes, and animals of Louisiana.

In the Educational Building there were also two exhibits from Louisiana. One was the regular State exhibit, illustrating the work done in the schools, colleges, and universities.

In the same building and in the exhibit from the experimental stations a complete sugar laboratory made by the sugar experimental station at Audubon Park, New Orleans, was shown.

In the Mines and Metallurgy Building were exhibits of sulphur and salt, crude and refined petroleum, marble, and iron ore, all fresh from the mines of Louisiana.

In the Liberal Arts Building were topographical maps showing the levees of Louisiana, and showing also the city of New Orleans in 1803 and New Orleans in 1903. There were also in this exhibit 200 maps of the Gulf coast from 1500 up to the present time, some rare old books, a section of the palisades that surrounded New Orleans in the year 1794, and copies of all the books of the authors of the State.

In the Transportation Building was represented transportation on the Mississippi River, past and present, beginning with the Indian canoe and on through the evolution of transportation up to the monster ocean liner of to-day.

In the Anthropology Building was a very fine collection of Indian relics, including a number of baskets of rare and beautiful type.

MAINE.

The State of Maine erected one of the most noteworthy buildings of the ground and one that attracted universal attention. The building represented accurately the popular conception of what a sportsman's clubhouse should be. The building was made entirely of Maine lumber and was in the form of a log cabin, exaggerated in size and equipped with all the comforts of a country clubhouse. In this connection it is interesting to note that the Maine Pavilion was subsequently sold for $2,000 for the purpose of a sportsman's clubhouse in the country. The spacious, cool verandas and the odor from the fresh pine logs made the log house of Maine a favorite rendezvous during the heated days of the summer. The building was furnished throughout with furnishings from the manufacturers of Maine. The walls were decorated with moose heads and specimens of the game and fish to be found in Maine. The walls of the building were hung with pictures of various scenes in the State. The total cost of the building was $22,361.40, and the furnishings cost $159.80.

The legislature of the State appropriated $40.000 for the purpose of erecting the building and making the display. There was no money given by individuals. The total cost of the exhibit was $1,893.19.

The commissioners appointed by the legislature were as follows:

Louis B. Goodall, Sanford, chairman; Lemuel Lane, Westbrook; Frank H. Briggs, Auburn; Charles C. Burrill, Ellsworth; Henry W. Sargent, Sargentville. Edward E. Philbrook was elected secretary.

The purpose of the commission was primarily to advertise they resources of the State of Maine as a vacation and sporting State. The only exhibit made by the State, beyond that described above, was a small display of potatoes and apples.

MARYLAND.

In the legislature of the State of Maryland in 1902 an item of $25,000 was provided in the general appropriation bill "for the use of the commissioners to the St. Louis Fair, hereby authorized to be appointed by the governor." The amount of this appropriation was less than the friends of the measure desired, but it enabled the work to be inaugurated. Governor Smith appointed the following commissioners:

Gen. L. Victor Baughman, chairman; Francis E. Waters, vice-chairman; Frederick P. Stieff, treasurer; Frank N. Hoen, William A. Marburg, William H. Grafflin, Wesley M. Oler, Thomas H. Robinson, Jacob M. Pearce, Orlando Harrison, Mrs. Frances E. Lord, Mrs. Parks Fisher, F.P. Cator, H.J. McGrath; Samuel K. Dennis, secretary.

A further appropriation of $40,000 was made, giving the commission a total of $65,000. Through the systematic, scientific work of the Maryland geological survey the commission had at hand the basis of an excellent exhibit for the Palace of Mines. After vicissitudes of various kinds, chiefly those occasioned by the great fire in Baltimore, the Maryland Building was finished and opened on June 8. The total cost of the building was $18,402.70. It was of a modern classic design, very boldly treated. In plan it was a parallelogram 100 feet long by 40 feet wide, with a recess on the front 10 by 55 feet, forming a loggia, which was richly decorated in color (the only such external color scheme on the grounds), supported by six columns of the composite order 25 feet high, carrying a cornice and balustrade above. The Maryland State arms were the central feature over the main entrance. At either end there were large semicircular porches, supported on Ionic columns, which made the total length of the building over all 140 feet. The site was an ideal one, close to the New York and other State buildings and on the direct route from the Inside Inn to the center of the grounds. The building was surrounded by a beautiful oak grove, and was on gently rising ground. Inside the classic feeling was maintained. On entering through the loggia one found an imposing hall 55 feet long by 25 feet high. The color scheme of this room was golden brown, with a lighter shade of the same for the vaulted ceiling. Portraits of great value, taken from the statehouse at Annapolis, as well as one of his eminence Cardinal Gibbons, lent an air of dignity. Other rooms on the ground floor were: On the left a picture room, where a large number of framed photographs of Maryland scenery, buildings, and objects of interest were hung, and back of this a lunch room and pantry, for use on reception days. At the other end of the building there was a drawing room, with a room at the back which was used as a men's smoking room, with toilet attached. A stairway led from this part of the building to the ladies' boudoir, which also had toilet attached, and to a ladies' drawing-room.

The second story, at the other end of the building, had a good room fitted up for the gentleman in charge of the building. Mr. Albert Jones, of Baltimore, and Mrs. Parks Fisher, of Baltimore, dispensed hospitality in true Maryland style, and made many friends for the State among the many visitors who came daily to the building. Upon Mrs. Fisher devolved much of the responsibility of making the building popular, and she was careful to have a few representative ladies of old Maryland families established in St. Louis to assist her in entertaining those who came. To Mrs. Fisher is due much of the credit for the taste and judgment used in furnishing the building.

The exhibit of Maryland's mineral resources in the Mines and Metallurgy Building covered an area of nearly 3,000 square feet of floor space, together with about 4,000 square feet of wall and window space. The mineral products were as follows:

Coals, building and decorative stones, ores, clays and clay products (including pottery, tile, terra cotta, fancy and common brick, fire brick, enameled brick, retorts and stove linings), limestones, sands, cement rocks, flints, feldspars, marls, tripoli, barites, soapstones, etc. All of the leading operators and manufacturers in the State took part in the display, some of them supplying large collections of materials. In addition to the exhibit of mineral products there was an extensive systematic collection representing the geology, mineralogy, and paleontology of the State, displayed in a series of plate-glass, cases on the walls. In this exhibit the numerous materials found at the various geological horizons were displayed, the object of the exhibit being to show the great variety of geological formations represented in Maryland.

The Maryland agricultural exhibit occupied a space 90 by 20 feet. A feature intended to illustrate the varied conditions, crops, and methods found in the northern and southern sections of the State, quite foreign to each other, were the two barn scenes, located at each end and on the wall side of the block. The corn exhibit, consisting of samples of ten ears each, was displayed in a handsome case 4 by 12 feet, protected by plate glass. Each sample was tied with orange and black ribbon, with the names and addresses of the growers attached. A second corn exhibit was made in a special exhibit in the, middle aisle of this mammoth building. Here were displayed the four staples--tobacco, sugar, cotton, and corn.

The tobacco exhibit was displayed in a case of like construction and proportions to that occupied by the corn, and located at the opposite end and in front of the "Southern Maryland Barn." It made an attractive showing of the planters' tobacco from both southern Maryland and Frederick County. A special tobacco exhibit was also made in the middle aisle on a space 20 feet square. In the center stood a giant Indian on a pedestal over 7 feet high, with a long-stemmed pipe in his mouth and a horn of plenty on his left arm, from which the manufactured products of the weed fell to the ground. The whole was apparently built of tobacco.

The canned-goods industry was in evidence in this section to the right and left of the "Springhouse." Placed against the wall, which was covered with black cloth, were three pyramids of cans of peas, corn, and tomatoes.

MASSACHUSETTS.

That Massachusetts might be creditably represented at the St. Louis Exposition the Commonwealth appropriated $100,000.

Governor Bates appointed as the board of managers having the appropriation in charge Dr. George Harris, of Amherst; Mrs. Sears and Mrs. May Alden Ward, of Boston; Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, of Brookline, and Hon. Wilson W. Fairbank, of Warren. Doctor Harris was elected president of the board; Mrs. Sears, vice-president, and Mrs. Ward, recording secretary. To Mr. Harris was assigned the department of education; to Mrs. Sears, art; to Mrs. Ward, history, and to Messrs. Fitzpatrick and Fairbank, finance. Mrs. Sears, Mrs. Ward, and Mr. Fairbank were chosen to serve as the building committee. The board appointed James M. Perkins, of Boston, secretary and George E. Gay, of Malden, educational director.

The State Building at St. Louis was designed by C. Howard Wattset., of Boston, and the cost, including the furnishings and the grading of the grounds, was about $32,000. The building was of colonial style, embodying as many features as possible of the Bulfinch front of the Massachusetts statehouse. The reception hall on the first floor resembled in part the old senate chamber in the statehouse, and the room above, the historical hall, was like the present senate chamber. Most of the furniture in the building was secured from the statehouse by Senator Fairbank, to whom a large part of Massachusetts's success at the fair was due.

In the historical room of the building was a very fine collection of historical relics. Mrs. Ward, who was assisted by Miss Helen A. Whittier, of Lowell, had charge of this exhibit. There were no other exhibits in the State Building, but Massachusetts was well represented in the different exhibit palaces, and in the Educational Building had an exhibit that cost $30,000.

MICHIGAN.

The governor of the State of Michigan appointed the following named persons as commissioners to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition:

Governor Aaron T. Bliss, ex officio member; Frederick B. Smith, president; Austin Farrell, vice-president; Roy S. Barnhart, treasurer; Hal H. Smith, secretary; William A. Hurst, assistant secretary; D. Aaron R. Ingram, Charles P. Downey.

The act which authorized the governor to appoint the commission authorized also the expenditure of $50,000 for the purpose of Michigan's representation at the exposition.

The Michigan State Building was situated at the corner of Federal avenue and Government terrace. The building occupied 80 by 130 feet, and was of colonial renaissance architecture. It rose to the height of two stories and was surrounded by wide porches and terraces. Immediately in front and center four fluted stately columns supported the porch around the entire building. French windows were used on both floors, and their effect was emphasized and enhanced by the use of arches on the lower porch. The whole was painted white and colonial cream.

The interior of the building was divided into a large reception hall, which was flanked on either side by double parlors. The decorations were of green and yellow in quiet tints. From the center of the main assembly hall an imposing staircase was raised to a landing and then to the second floor. The second floor was arranged in a large assembly room, which was decorated with scenes in green and filled with light wicker furniture. At the one side was a writing room, finished in weathered or mission furniture, and decorated with scenes of the resort sections of Michigan; on the other side were the private apartments of the commissioners.

The hangings of the rooms were in quiet tones, harmonizing with the wall tints. The floors were of hard maple throughout, and were covered with attractive and beautiful rugs. The building was erected at a cost of $14,000. The furniture and fittings cost approximately $5,000.

The agricultural exhibit comprised an extensive collection of samples of different varieties of pease and beans; a large exhibit of seeds; an exhibit of grains in stalk, tastefully arranged; an exhibit of grains and corn; also a cabinet of pickled goods; a large exhibit of salt; condensed-milk products; a complete exhibit in season of vegetables from different counties of Michigan. The sugar-beet industry was represented by samples of beets and of sugar in its various processes. The maple-sirup industry of Michigan and the pepper industry were likewise represented by cabinets containing samples of the products. This exhibit was installed, complete, on a space 40 by 40 feet.

The horticultural exhibit comprised a space covering 2,500 square feet of tables. For its first installation there were used 100 bushels of apples grown in 1903, which had been kept in cold storage for this, purpose. It comprised a collection of over 100 varieties of Michigan fruit. With the coming of 1904 fruit, a complete exhibit of fresh apples was installed from time to time, comprising over 150 varieties of apples, requiring as many as 1,500 plates at one time, with many varieties of grapes, peaches, plums, pears, quinces, and cherries. A. large exhibit was also made of small fruit, raspberries, strawberries, currants, and huckleberries. The exhibits were made by individuals, by counties, and by local fair associations of the State.

The forestry exhibit was collected through the generosity and contributions of a committee. It was a complete exhibit of Michigan lumber, showing the rough log and the finished board, both in lumber and in transverse sections. There were also displayed samples of the different products which are manufactured from the log, such as shoe-last blocks, wooden utensils, paper, paper pulp, etc., and there was also an extensive collection of photographs of forestry scenes and lumber camps, together with a complete collection of blueprints for the construction of lumber mills. It was installed in a space 50 by 20 feet, and was surrounded by natural cedar railings.

The mines and metallurgy exhibit comprised exhibits of the iron, copper, and salt products, cement, manufactures of lime and sand, brick, and an extensive collection of specimens of various minerals found in Michigan. The copper mines were represented by samples of rock, minerals, and tailings, models of shaft houses, and manufactured copper. The iron industry was represented by upward of 100 samples of ore of various ranges. These were classified and shown in the various ranges and stages of their production from the rock to the finished product. The cement industry was well represented. Coal of the Saginaw Valley was installed in a 6-foot wall in the booth. An extensive and very valuable collection of over 1,500 specimens were shown in cases. Three large geographical maps showed the location of the different ranges, and photographs of mining scenes supplemented the exhibit.

In the educational exhibit the University of Michigan was represented by a main exhibit in the Education Building and by a small exhibit of the physical-culture work of women in the Physical Science Building. In the Educational Building a space 22 1/4 by 30 feet was assigned to the university, having frontage on two aisles. On this space a booth was erected, built of cypress and stained to resemble weathered oak. Within the booth the floor was stained a dark color, and upon it were spread carefully selected oriental rugs of strong coloring. The furniture was of the "arts and crafts" style. It may be said that the chief motive of the committee having charge of the exhibit was to provide a rest room or social headquarters for the alumni and students of the university and their friends.

There were placed upon exhibition several hundred volumes containing the chief publications of members of the various faculties, also reprints of scientific articles, these and a series of books showing the work of the university bindery.

The engineering department was represented by numerous rolls of large-scale blueprints, by an album of photographs specially prepared, and by a large and attractive sample board of student shop-work. To illustrate the equipment in marine engineering there were presented two models of vessels and a model of the large marine tank which is now in process of completion.

In the Educational Building could also be found cabinets showing the method of collecting vital statistics of the department of the State of Michigan and cabinets exhibiting the work of the School for the Feeble-Minded, of Kalamazoo, and a cabinet of the School for the Deaf and Dumb, of Flint.

A Michigan furniture company, interested in the exposition through the efforts of the commission, expended over $25,000 in the installation of a magnificent exhibit of furniture in the Department of Varied Industries, making the most complete collection of furniture shown by any American firm.

MINNESOTA.

The matter of the participation of Minnesota at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was brought to the attention of the State legislature at a special session in 1902, and it responded with an appropriation of $50,000. This bill was chapter 87, and was approved March 11, 1902. In January, 1903, Governor Samuel R. Van Sant appointed as the board of three managers authorized by the law Mr. Conde Hamlin, of St. Paul, Mr. Theo. L. Hays, of Minneapolis, and Mr. J.M. Underwood, of Lake City.

At the time of the appropriation it was expected that the exposition would be held in 1903. It, however, grew in magnitude and scope far beyond the original designs of its projectors. The board organized by the election of Mr. Hamlin as president, Mr. Underwood as vice-president, and Mr. Hays as secretary. Charles S. Mitchell, of Alexandria, was elected superintendent and executive officer, to have immediate charge of exhibits and to carry out the plans of the board.

A site for Minnesota's building was selected, and space was reserved in the great exhibit palaces of Mines and Metallurgy, Education, Agriculture, Horticulture, and Forestry, Game, and Fish.

Subsequently, on April 1, 1903, a further appropriation of $100,000 was voted by the Minnesota legislature.

The style of the Minnesota State Building resembled the Byzantine. It was designed for a southern climate. The entire lower floor could be thrown open by means of large glass doors opening upon corridors and a wide promenade, which was protected by awnings. A low wall surmounted this promenade, broken at intervals by abutments, on which were placed large vases of flowering plants. This added color, and with the beds of cannas, which extended along the base of this wall, and large beds of brilliant scarlet geraniums on the lawn, made a handsome setting for the building. These plants were Minnesota grown. The cannas grew to huge proportions, and at the height of the season there were few landscapes on the Plateau of States more effective than that of Minnesota.

The building was ample for its uses. There was a reception room 30 by 50 feet in size, with reading tables, the files of the State papers, a post-office, check room, and superintendent's office. A men's room and a women's room, each 20 by 20 feet, opened from the reception room. Two pianos were free for the use of guests, and were a much-appreciated feature. Every possible convenience was afforded to visitors. That the general public, as well as visitors from Minnesota, appreciated the building was shown by the hundreds who visited it daily and the many who came day after day to write letters, read the papers, or merely to rest and enjoy its coolness. The location gave it added prominence, as it was near the southeast entrance, one of the most convenient for visitors, close to the Inside Inn, and with the Massachusetts, New York, Iowa, and Kansas buildings as neighbors.

The financial statement shows that the construction of the building, with furnishing, landscaping, maintenance, care, and salaries of employees, cost a total of less than $29,000.

In the agricultural display, while wheat was not neglected, especial stress was laid on Minnesota's grasses, both tame and wild, and its general forage crops. It was conceded by experts that no State made a better display in that line of products. Corn was also made prominent. Two elaborate butter models were shown, one in this department and one in the exposition refrigerator.

The State was fortunate in the location secured. It was on one of the large central aisles and adjoining the great glass butter refrigerator, where were shown all the competing fancy butter exhibits from the various States. On the same aisle or near by were the most splendid exhibits in this building, those of States that expended from $30,000 to $100,000 in that department alone, the latter figure being the expenditure of Missouri. That Minnesota was able with $10,000 to make a showing that found credit and favor in comparison with these other much more elaborate and costly displays was surely commendable.

The central feature of the booth was a splendid piece of statuary in butter. On a platform was placed an eight-faced glass refrigerator; it was 8 by 10 feet on the floor and 15 feet high. The statue in butter filled this. The square pedestal had at the four corners figures representing Agriculture, Education, Mining, and Dairying. On the front face was the seal of Minnesota, and on the two side faces medallions of Alexander Ramsey and Samuel R. Van Sant. The crowning figure was that of a mother giving to her little boy, who stood at her side, a piece of bread and butter. Nearly a ton of the best creamery butter made in Minnesota was used in this model.

The butter refrigerator in the Agricultural Building was of triple-plate glass, and was 90 feet long. Minnesota's space was 8 by 16 feet. The subject chosen for its model was historical--a representation of Father Hennepin discovering St. Anthonys Falls. The father, in his priestly garb, was shown in the act of stepping from an Indian canoe to the shore. An Indian was holding the canoe to the bank by grasping a small bush, while the boat was steadied by a French voyageur with his paddle. The three types--the aborigine, the priest, and the French voyageur--were accurately reproduced in costume, expression, and features, and were practically life-size. The swift-flowing river, with a suggestion of the falls, completed the picture, in which nearly 1,500 pounds of butter were used.

In a space just east of the butter refrigerator was the exposition refrigerator for displays of cheese. In this the board took a space 8 by 8 feet.

The horticulture exhibit was placed in the hands of experts from the State Horticultural Society. Here were shown large and small fruits, preserved in many handsome jars. Apples which had been preserved in cold storage from the crop of 1903 kept that feature of the exhibit replenished, while the smaller fruits were shown as they matured, being shipped from the growers in the State almost daily.

In September, when the new apples became available, a second and larger space was secured. Here was made a display which was one of the greatest attractions in the building. It represented a Dutch windmill and tower, done entirely in apples.

During the final months of the exposition, when the live stock displays were made, the board arranged with the State live stock association for an exhibit of cattle, horses, and swine. The board appropriated $4,000 to this department and paid it into the hands of representatives of the association to be distributed to the exhibitors from the State in proportion to the prizes awarded to them by the exposition. This plan was very successful and resulted in a creditable exhibit of the State's prize live stock. At this time also a very successful display of poultry was made, and a great many prizes were won.

In the Department of Education it was determined that Minnesota, should retain its rank among the States and, if possible, should win new glory. It was therefore made a leading department. The exhibit was especially strong in rural school and primary and elementary education, and much more attention than ever before was given to the secondary schools of the State at large. The State department of education was consulted, and the State Teachers' Association, the request of the board, named a committee to advise with the board.

This was the first exposition to devote a separate building and one of the main group of exhibit palaces to education. The plan greatly dignified the department. Minnesota was most fortunate in the location assigned its display, as this exhibit had the first space at the principal entrance and was the first seen on entering the building from the main exposition thoroughfare. The space was 30 by 60 feet. The booth, the cabinet, the furnishings, and the frames were of Mission brown oak. The walls were covered by a deep-blue burlap. The mountings of the wall and cabinet exhibits toned with these colors, as did the hangings. The design, as a whole, was exceedingly simple, but in the style, in harmony of tone, and general artistic merit it was given first rank among all the exhibits in the building. Its prominent position demanded this excellence, for it commanded the most critical dicta of the visitors.

In the arrangement of material, repetition and duplication were avoided. All the written work and much of the drawing, designing, and drafting was mounted in cabinets or bound in books. The arrangement showed the State system as a unit, and every article in the booth was the work of the schools, including the furniture, pottery, bric-a-brac, and hangings. It was especially strong in manual training. In dividing the space the manual-training exhibits were united as far as possible. The first alcove of cabinet exhibits was devoted to the rural schools, the second to the semigraded schools. The third and fourth sets of cabinets contained the work of the secondary high schools and the grades in their respective towns. The fifth set was given to the normal schools, while the last two alcoves were devoted to the schools of St. Paul and Minneapolis, the wall space being also apportioned to them. One cabinet was filled with photographs of the university, the curricula, statistics, etc. On the rear wall was a frieze of excellent photographs of the university buildings, and around the outside of the entire booth was a painted frieze, 5 feet deep, giving a panoramic view of the campus and buildings, both of the academic and of the agricultural department.

A cabinet was also devoted to statistics, which included the State system of aid to rural, semigraded, graded, and high schools. This cabinet also gave figures showing the State permanent school funds, the special tax, and school apportionment based on attendance; school attendance, value of school property, system of examination of teachers, and State examination for pupils, etc. There were also very complete sets of State examination papers.

In the State Building the large reception room and the women's and men's rooms were furnished by the pupils of the manual training classes of the Minneapolis high schools, and of the Mechanic Arts High School of St. Paul.

While the exhibits of mining and building materials were kept separate financially, they were practically combined in one exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. No scientific display was attempted, and the plan of installation was severely simple.

Minnesota has but one mineral in such abundance as to be a great financial asset, but in that one--iron--it produces over half the output of the Lake Superior region, which alone of the United States iron fields produces any considerable quantity of ore of a quality required for manufacturing Bessemer steel. The analysis of the ores and names of the mines were given on the samples, which were shown in nearly 100 large glass jars. A chart of the Mesaba range; a large map of the State, showing the location of the mineral lands; two groups of photographic views of working mines and mining methods, in frames 3 by 10 feet in size, with statistical charts. These constituted the wall display. On the floor was a model, 11 feet square, of the Fayal, the greatest producing mine in the world. This showed all the mining processes and every detail of shaft house, ore dumps, cars, tracks, steam shovels, telegraph lines, etc., in and about the mines.

The stone exhibit was also a practical one. It showed the more marketable varieties as they appear in actual use. There were five large wall pieces of granite, one of Winona stone, one of pipestone, and one of Frontenac stone. Inclosing two sides of the floor space, which was 36 by 54 feet, was a low wall of stone, with two entrances. The shorter wall was of polished granite from the St. Cloud quarries, showing all the more distinct varieties--gray, mottled, black, red, and brown. The wall on the longer side, beginning with a corner post and extending to the entrances, was of polished red granite, with a panel of Minnesota marble. On either side of the side entrance, were high posts of Kettle River sandstone, handsomely carved, and the rest of the wall was of this stone combined in part with the Twin City brick.

An elaborate game and fish display was determined upon in the Game and Fisheries Building. Every inducement was held out by the company, and an especial effort was made for this exhibit. It pledged, among other things, that pure refrigerated water would be furnished for the fish. The board consulted in this department the State game and fish chief, Mr. Samuel Fullerton, who extended all the assistance possible. Eighty-four feet of aquaria were put in, and it is indisputable that they were the best built, most practical, and best arranged in the building. At the close of the fair the Pacific Coast Association offered $1,000 in cash for them where they were, or nearly one-third of their cost. They were planned to show not only the State's trout and small fish, but the large game fish that are found there. As it was, splendid specimens were shipped to St. Louis in the fish car of the Pennsylvania commission, loaned without charge for that purpose. The fish arrived on Minnesota Day under the personal care of Mr. Fullerton and one of his wardens and of three Pennsylvanians, expert in such work. The fish were in splendid condition, and they included wall-eyed pike, pickerel, muskellunge, bass of all varieties, and great northern pike that experts said were larger than had ever before been sent anywhere for exhibition purposes. There were also rare specimens of trout, including the white trout that are a Minnesota specialty. The fish, except the trout, were successfully transferred to the State's tank that evening. By morning only three were alive, and these died during the day. The trout were not tanked at all, but were turned over to the United States authorities, who were glad to get them because of their rarity. The responsibility for this failure rests with the Exposition Company. The water supplied was not from wells, but was the muddy Missouri River water clarified by the alum process, which is fatal to fish. It was also entirely too warm, no attempt to keep the promise of refrigeration having been made. After this disaster the board refused to bring more fish until the company should fulfill its pledge, which it never did. Minnesota's experience was shared by Pennsylvania and Missouri, the only other States prepared to make large live fish displays.

The failure of the St. Louis Fair officials to provide proper water caused a difference in the board finances of nearly $2,000. The board had secured subscriptions from six different towns in the fishing regions of the State toward the payment for the aquaria, the idea being to stock the aquaria with fish from the lakes near the towns that subscribed, and to give them proper individual credit. When the possibility of keeping the fish alive was realized the board promptly released them from their obligations, but it was too late to save the appropriation made through reliance upon the plans and promises of the exposition.

The game exhibit had a large space adjoining that occupied by the aquarium. It was at the principal entrance to the building. The larger part of the space was covered by a realistic scene from the northern woods--the State game region. A pine forest was shown with a rocky embankment at the side, while opposite was a birch opening. Breaking through this opening and represented as scenting danger were three moose--two bucks and a cow--that were the finest specimens of the great game animals in the building. Elsewhere in the scene was a family of three red deer; also very handsome caribou, black bears, wolves, foxes, porcupines, grouse, prairie chicken, owls, etc. The background of the scene was a distant lake view, and with effective lighting it was conceded to be among the most novel exhibits in the building. No other scenic reproduction was more complete. Adjoining this scene was a smaller space filled with moose and deer heads and mounted fish. The walls were draped with fish nets, and a large map of the State showed the railroads, summer resorts, and lakes.

MISSISSIPPI.

In compliance with the very general demand of the press and people, the legislature of Mississippi, in 1902, appropriated $50,000 for the purpose of securing and installing the products, resources, industries, and enterprises of the State at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. This was the first appropriation ever made by Mississippi for a World's Fair. The bill providing for the State exhibits created a State exposition bureau of five members, specifying that the governor should be ex officio president and name his four associates, the following being the personnel of the bureau: J.K. Vardaman, ex officio chairman; Dr. O.B. Quinn, chairman; Frank Burkitt, secretary; L.H. Enochs; V.P. Still.

At the first meeting of the bureau Col. R.H. Henry, of Jackson, was elected executive commissioner, and was charged with the duty of canvassing the State, with a view of procuring the exhibits. He visited all parts of Mississippi, delivered exposition addresses in the different counties, and urged upon the people the importance of making the best exhibit possible at the exposition. He devoted two years to the work.

The legislature of 1904 made an additional appropriation of $10,000 under the administration of Governor James K. Vardaman, who succeeded Governor Longino as president of the exposition bureau. Several counties also made appropriations, as did some of the factories and mills of the State, the total appropriation aggregating about $62,000.

The Mississippi State Building was a reproduction of the last home of Jefferson Davis, known as "Beauvoir." This home is located near Biloxi, Miss., is of old-style southern architecture, massive in construction and imposing in appearance, and from its broad porches may be seen the "whitecaps" of the Gulf of Mexico. The house was built by James Brown, a rich cotton planter of Madison County, and by him used as a summer home until the close of the civil war, when it was sold to Mrs. Sarah A. Dorsey, from whom Mr. Davis secured it. It contained a large historic collection pertaining to the Davis family, much of the family furniture, the bed upon which Mr. Davis died, and the suit of clothes he wore when captured by General Wilson, in Georgia, at the close of hostilities between the North and the South; the object of the exhibit being to disprove the report that Mr. Davis wore a woman's dress when arrested. A statement of Capt. J.H. Parker, of General Wilson's staff was attached, contradicting the falsehood. The building cost $15,000 without furnishings or pictures. It was built entirely of Mississippi lumber, the contractor being J.F. Barnes, of Greenville, Miss.

In the horticultural exhibit the State showed all varieties of sweet and citrus fruits, pecans and edible nuts, together with a pecan horse.

In the Palace of Agriculture two exhibits were shown, the special cotton exhibit, including the 35-foot statue of "King Cotton," and the collective agricultural exhibit--cotton, corn, cereals, grains, hay, grasses, potatoes, peas, beans, sirups, honey, wines, cordials, preserves, pickles, jellies, canned goods, vegetables, oysters, shrimps, crabs, fish, etc.

All the merchantable timbers of the State were displayed in the forestry exhibit, which contained over 500 samples, highly polished and superbly finished, one of the largest and best collections shown.

In the Department of Fish and Game were exhibited all varieties of native fresh and salt water fish, birds, and wild animals.

In the Educational Building Mississippi showed the best work from the colleges and high schools of the State. The Agricultural and Mechanical College had a fine display in the general Agricultural and Mechanical College section.

Other displays were the following: A varied and attractive collection of building stone, cement material, clays, phosphates, mineral waters in the Mineral Building; buggies and wagons made in the State in Transportation Hall; engines, sawmills, and other heavy machinery in the Machinery Building; a rare old double plate-glass electrical machine was exhibited in the Electrical Building, the contribution of the State university.

Mississippi was awarded over 30 prizes for her various exhibits, including 2 grand prizes on cotton and timbers; 6 gold medals and 3 silver medals on agriculture; a gold, silver, and bronze medal on fish and game; 2 gold, 4 silver, and 5 bronze medals on education; 2 silver and 3 bronze medals on minerals; a silver medal on wagons; a bronze medal on machinery; a gold medal on fruits, and a gold medal on pecans.

Less than $47,000 of the $60,000 appropriated by the legislature was spent on the State building and on the collection and installation of the exhibits, and from $10,000 to $15,000 of the appropriation was turned back into the State treasury. The expenditure proved of incalculable benefit to Mississippi, and good results are already being felt.

The executive commissioner, Col. R.H. Henry, is a native Mississippian. He was born in Scott County, May 15, 1851, and received education in the schools and academies of Mississippi. He engaged in journalism in early life, has been an editor and publisher over thirty years, and is regarded as the most successful journalist of his State. As the executive commissioner and the State's only representative at the exposition Mr. Henry designed and personally supervised the installation of the different Mississippi exhibits, ten in number, and the award of over 30 medals, including 2 grand prizes, abundantly attests and amply proves the merit and value of the Mississippi products.

MISSOURI.

The largest appropriation for exposition purposes by any State was by Missouri, namely, $1,000,000. In every exposition building where a State could have an exhibit Missouri's exhibit was found. In every building where only exhibits by individuals, business firms, or corporations were permitted, Missourians made display of the products of their industry and skill. The Missouri State Building was among the finest upon the grounds. The displays of the State in the Agriculture, Horticulture, Education, Mining, Forestry, Live Stock, Poultry, Dairying, Fish and Game, and Woman's Work were noted for artistic beauty and comprehensiveness.

The exhibit made by Missouri at the World's Fair was the result of the labors of the board of commissioners to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, appointed by Governor A.M. Dockery, under the direction of which the $1,000,000 voted by the people of Missouri for an exhibit of the State's resources were expended. At the general election in November, 1900, the people adopted a constitutional amendment permitting the legislature of this State to appropriate $1,000,000 for World's Fair expenses. A bill appropriating the amount and providing for a commission to direct its expenditure was passed by the next general assembly and was signed by the governor April 17, 1901. The same bill was reenacted in 1903 and was signed by the governor March 24, 1903. On the 28th of May, 1901, Governor Dockery appointed as the board of commissioners: M.T. Davis, of Springfield; F.J. Moss, of St. Joseph; B.H. Bonfey, of Unionville; W.H. Marshall, of Morehouse; L.F. Parker, of St. Louis; D.P. Stroup, of Norborne; N.H. Gentry, of Sedalia; J.O. Allison, of New London, and H.C. McDougall, of Kansas City. Mr. McDougall resigned and J.H. Hawthorne, of Kansas City, was appointed his successor. When the law was reenacted in 1903 the board was reappointed. The board elected M.T. Davis president, F.J. Moss vice-president, B.H. Bonfey secretary, and W.H. Marshall treasurer. Later the ill health of Mr. Marshall caused his temporary absence from the State, and J.H. Hawthorne succeeded him as treasurer.

The Missouri State building was erected at a cost, including furnishings, of $250,000. The keynotes of the Missouri building were public comfort, culture, and social enjoyment. A golden dome surmounted by an emblematic statue of "The Spirit of Missouri" crowned the building. Over the main entrance was this inscription: "Embracing within her confines all the elements of an empire devoted to all the arts and sciences that advance civilization, Missouri, the central State of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, greets her sister States and welcomes the world." Around the building were the names of great Missourians: Thomas Hart Benton, Francis P. Blair, B. Gratz Brown, David R. Atchison, David Barton, Meriwether Lewis, Edward Bates, Lewis F. Linn, Lewis V. Bogy, Aylett H. Buckner, John S. Phelps, James S. Green. The building contained rooms adapted for various purposes, two large halls in either wing, a commodious auditorium or State hall, in which conventions were held, a handsome rotunda with brilliant electric fountain, the suite of Governor Dockery, men's parlors, women's parlors, press room, and executive offices. On the second floor were rooms fittingly furnished. The building was warmed by steam in cold weather and refrigerated by cold air in warm weather. The approaches and elevations of the building were adorned with statuary, heroic figures of Thomas Jefferson and Napoleon Bonaparte being placed at the main entrance. In the west hall were placed a collection of paintings by Missouri artists and the fine bell presented by the citizens of the State to the battle ship _Missouri_. The mural decorations in the rotunda consisted of four pendentives illustrating the prehistoric savage, developing and productive eras in the State's history. The decorations in the dome embodied a historical allegory, tracing the epochs in the development of the Middle West.

In the Palace of Horticulture the space allotted to Missouri was 6,600 square feet--larger than that awarded to any other State, and filled with Missouri fruits. More than 430 varieties of fruits grown in the State were shown from 84 counties.

In the Palace of Agriculture Missouri agricultural resources occupied prominent position at the main entrance of the building and on the main aisle. In the artistic facade, made, as all the decorative features of the display, entirely of grain and grasses, was shown a series of thirty pictures illustrating the marked contrast between the old and new methods in agriculture. Corn was exhibited in many forms. A corn temple, constructed of the great cereal, was in the main aisle, Missouri being chosen by the exposition to represent the great corn States.

In the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy a display was made of the mining resources of the State. Missouri's space was at the main entrance. The exhibit consisted of typical products of Missouri mines and quarries--coal, lead, zinc, iron, copper, tripoli, building and ornamental stone, clay, sands--and mineral waters, crystals of all types, mining machinery at work, laboratory specimens and equipment from the School of Mines, and photographs of 1,200 mining views in a brief comprehensive showing of all the mineral wealth of the State. Every district was represented by adequate specimens. An outside mining exhibit was made by Missouri in the Mining Gulch, where mining machinery was shown at work and a Missouri mine. Special features were a zinc and lead concentrating plant, model of shot tower, illustration of process of making Babbitt metal and solder. A Scotch hearth furnace for smelting lead ore was also in operation.

Missouri was represented in several places in the Palace of Education and Social Economy. Here was made the general exhibit of Missouri schools. The main school exhibit consisted of showings of grades of the work done in the twelve regular grades of the public schools and in the kindergarten, of the work of the colleges and normal schools, of the schools for negroes, and of special schools. Aside from the high school and grade exhibit, private institutions had separate displays. The public school exhibit was intended to show the work of the entire system of the State public schools, each grade being represented by photographs of typical children and school scenes by representative work of the pupils. Over 300 photographs were shown. Mutoscopes presented in moving pictures scenes upon the school grounds. By means of cabinets, tables, and winged frames the exhibits were presented in compact form. Every kind of school--city, town, village, and rural--was represented in the exhibit, and the work of more than 200,000 children was on exhibition.

The State University exhibit showed what that institution had been and what it is doing. Bird's-eye views of the university at different periods of its existence and a fine model of its present buildings and grounds were shown. The various departments made exhibits of their work.

In social economy were shown the work of the Industrial Training School at Boonville, the School for the Deaf and Dumb at Fulton, the School for the Blind at St. Louis, together with photographs of the Colony for the Feeble-Minded at Marshall, the St. Louis Hospital, the Hospital for the Insane at St. Joseph, the work of the Missouri board of charities and correction, and other eleemosynary institutions. The work of the Industrial Manual School was shown by an exhibit of the products of the school--wagons, clothing, shoes, bricks, and other results of the industry of the boys. In addition to an exhibit along similar lines of the School for the Blind and the School for the Deaf and Dumb, showing the pupils' proficiency in industrial training, classes from these schools were at different times shown actually at work in class rooms in the building.

In live stock Missouri offered premiums supplementary to those offered by the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company. The list of animals for which prizes were offered included cattle, horses, asses, mules, hogs, sheep, goats, and all domestic animals. The aggregate appropriation for live stock was $93,000.

In poultry, prizes for Missouri poultry of all kinds were offered on the same lines as for other live stock, the total of $7,000 being set aside for the purpose.