Chapter XXIX: Appendix: 4 (4)

The fish and game exhibit, located just outside of the Forestry, Fish, and Game Building, was the only exhibit of live game at the exposition. It was arranged in cages around a lake, the waters of which were stocked with fish. A commodious hunter's lodge, furnished in rustic style with the paraphernalia of the sportsman, was conspicuous upon the lake shore. The exhibit showed live deer, wild cat, mountain lion or panther, coyote, gray wolf, red fox, gray fox, opossum, raccoon, beaver, rabbit, fox and gray squirrel, mink, wild turkey, wild geese, wild duck, quail, black wolf, bald eagle, horned owl, and four varieties of pheasants, all the varieties of game to be found in Missouri forests. As showing the chief varieties of fish, were exhibited rainbow trout, lake trout, brook trout, large-mouthed black bass, crappie, channel cat, buffalo, sunfish, perch, eel, and carp.

In the Agriculture Building was shown a model of the St. Joseph stock yards, setting out all the buildings and grounds of that section of St. Joseph. A working model of one of the great packing establishments was exhibited, displaying the actual process of preparing cattle for the market.

The woman's-work exhibit had booths in the Varied Industry Building and the Manufactures Building. In the first were shown specimens of fancy embroideries, laces, and needlework by Missouri women. In the second were displayed china painting, pyrography, and paintings in oil, water color, and pastel, all by Missouri women.

The forestry exhibit, located in the Forestry, Fish, and Game Building, showed the woods of the State available for commercial use rather than a mere botanical display. More than 60 varieties of Missouri woods were shown. The forestry exhibit was shown in two booths--one devoted to gum, the other to Missouri woods. The gum booth showed furniture of black, red, and tupelo gum wood. In the booths were shown hand-carved mantels, tables, and chairs.

The dairy interest of the State was represented in an exhibit in the Palace of Agriculture. In this exhibit samples of the butter and cheese products in Missouri were shown tastefully arranged.

The Kansas City Casino showed a municipal exhibit attractively arranged in a commodious building erected for that purpose. The casino consisted of two wings, each 24 by 58 feet, and connected by an open court 62 by 67 feet, and located on the model street of the exposition. In the casino were a relief map showing Kansas City in detail, a map of the United States showing Kansas City's location with reference to the great productive region, railroad map, assembly room, rest rooms, and library.

MONTANA.

On May 20, 1903, the governor of Montana, Joseph Toole, appointed the following-named commissioners from the State of Montana at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition: Lee Mantle, Butte; Martin Maginnis, Helena; Paul McCormick, Billings; C.W. Hoffman, Bozeman; B.F. White, Dillon; William Scallon, Butte; F.A. Heinze, Butte; D. McDonald, Butte; Conrad Kohrs, Helena; J.H. Rice, Fort Benton; W.G. Conrad, Great Falls; T.L. Greenough, Missoula; C.J. McNamara, Helena; D.R. Peeler, Kalispel; H.L. Frank, Butte, and William C. Buskett, special representative.

The commission met and appointed the following officers:

Lee Mantle, president; Martin Maginnis, vice-president; Paul McCormick, secretary; C.W. Hoffman, treasurer.

The legislature of the State appropriated the sum of $50,000 on May, 1903, and at the same time made appropriations of $7,300 and $14,290.99, which could be utilized by the commissioners for the purpose of Montana's participation in the exhibition at the World's Fair. Besides the amount appropriated by the State, the sum of $20,000 was contributed from private sources.

The State building was erected at a cost of $20,000, and was maintained throughout the period of the exposition at a cost of $6,000, $1,000 additional being spent for entertainments.

The Montana State Building was of fancy Doric design, and was universally admired by the exposition visitors. One of the prominent features in the interior of the building was the famous painting by Paxton of the Custer Massacre. An onyx mantle from Montana was also greatly admired. The State shield, in gold, copper, silver, and Montana sapphires, was one of the most interesting features of the interior decorations.

The commission appointed as hostess to look after the personal welfare of the visitors from the State of Montana Mrs. Addie McDowell, who was ably assisted by an auxiliary committee consisting of Mary A. Cruse, Mrs. W.W. Cheely, and Mrs. T.R. Carson. State officials and some of the most prominent residents of the State were entertained at various times in the building.

Montana was represented in the following departments: Mines and Metallurgy, Palace of Agriculture, Horticulture Pavilion, Forestry, Fish, and Game Building, and the Educational Palace.

In the Mines Building the grand prize was awarded to Montana. In the Agricultural Building the State received 209 medals, and the exhibits in all the other exhibit palaces were remarkably good.

NEBRASKA.

On April 8, 1903, the Nebraska State legislature voted for the appointment of a State board of commissioners by the governor and for the appropriation of $35,000.

The following-named commissioners were subsequently appointed by the governor:

Gurdon W. Wattles, president; Peter Jansen, vice-president; Matt Miller, treasurer; H.C. Shedd, secretary.

Although Nebraska had no State building on the grounds, it erected a very large and commodious pavilion on the main aisle of the Palace of Agriculture, where the State commissioners established their headquarters. In the pavilion were reception rooms, reading and writing tables, post-office, check room, lavatories, and all the articles and conveniences found in the more elaborate State buildings on the grounds. The pavilion covered nearly 8,000 square feet of space, and was handsomely decorated with grains, grasses, and corn arranged in most artistic form. In addition to the appropriation of $35,000 made by the legislature to cover the cost of the exhibit, private subscriptions, amounting in the aggregate to $25,000, contributed largely by exhibitors, increased the amount expended by Nebraska at the fair to $60,000.

The principal exhibit made by Nebraska was in the Agriculture Department. There sheaf grain, grasses, corn, vine products, and all agricultural products were shown, including all varieties of field, sweet, flint, and pop corn.

In connection with the agricultural exhibit in the pavilion, the commission maintained a small theater fitted up with opera chairs, stage, electric fans, and all accessories of the modern playhouse. In the theater a free stereopticon and moving-picture exhibition was given, illustrating the resources and industries of the State. Another attractive feature of the agricultural exhibit was the mounted steer "Challenger," which won the first prize of the world at the international stock show at Chicago, December, 1903.

In the horticultural exhibit a display of Nebraska's choicest fruits attracted much attention.

The educational exhibit showed the work of the Nebraska schools from the kindergarten through the colleges and universities. It also made a fine display of the work of women's clubs in literary and musical lines. Throughout the exhibit the fact that Nebraska ranked first in small percentage of illiteracy was constantly emphasized.

In the mineral exhibit samples of Nebraska's best building stones, bricks, cement, and similar products were displayed, and a complete collection of soils from different parts of the State was shown. Cases of fossils from the university museum, specimens from the geological department of the university, and typical photographs of Nebraska added attractiveness to the exhibit. There was also an exhibit showing Nebraska's dairy and creamery resources.

Opposite the Nebraska Pavilion the State made its main corn display. Nebraska had a larger exhibit of corn than any State making an exhibition of cereals. There were more than 57 varieties, running from the little "Tom Thumb" ears of popcorn to mammoth ears of field corn. One species of corn which attracted particular attention was the result of grafting experiments, whereby several varieties of corn of various colors and shades were made to grow on one cob. This variety was known as the "Evolution Species."

During the exposition live-stock shows the Nebraska commission transported free from Nebraska to St. Louis the prize-winning stock and poultry of the State fair at a cost of several thousand dollars. The choice and exhibition of this kind of stock and poultry were in charge of the Nebraska live-stock and poultry associations.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The New Hampshire Building was a reproduction of the birthplace of Daniel Webster. The building was quaint and striking in appearance, with high-pitched roof and an absence of eaves, small-paned, old-fashioned windows, and weatherboarded sides, and an enormous chimney rising from the center of the roof, exactly like the original at Franklin, N.H. In every room was a wealth of old-fashioned furniture from New Hampshire homes, much of it a hundred years old or more, as well as Webster relics, davenports, massive polished-top mahogany tables and sideboards, warming pans, antique sideboards, china closets, straight-backed armchairs, grandfather clocks, china and pewter ware. The greater part of the antique furnishings were from the very valuable collection of Gen. William E. Spalding, of Nashua. The State Building was provided with a lecture hall for stereopticon lectures, having a screen 16 feet square.

The State commission was composed of Gen. Charles S. Collins, president; Arthur C. Jackson, vice-president and executive commissioner; Omar A. Towne, secretary; Augustine R. Ayers, treasurer; J. Adam Graf; Orton B. Brown; Mrs. Arthur C. Jackson, hostess. Mr. Brown contributed a carload of lumber, and General Collins and Mr. Jackson individually bore all the expense of construction and maintenance.

The most elaborate of New Hampshire's exhibits was that of the largest cotton mills in the world, in the Manufactures Building, although the State was represented by individual exhibitors in the various exhibition palaces.

NEW JERSEY.

_Members of New Jersey commission_.--Foster M. Vorhees, chief commissioner; Elbert Rappleye, Edgar B. Ward, C.E. Breckenridge, Edward R. Weiss, J.T. MacMurray, Ira W. Wood, W.H. Wiley, Johnston Cornish, Harry Humphreys, R.W. Herbert; Lewis T. Bryant, secretary.

The object of the New Jersey commission for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was to provide visitors from the State with suitable and homelike headquarters and to advertise the extensive resources of the Commonwealth. The growth of the manufacturing interests of the State has been so remarkable that from a purely agricultural center it has, within a comparatively few years, obtained an indisputable position in the forefront of the manufacturing States of the Union. The number and character of individual exhibits compared favorably with other States represented. They represented a variety of industries, and were among the finest exhibits at the exposition.

The State Pavilion was a practical reproduction of the old Ford Tavern at Morristown, N.J., which was used as Washington's headquarters during the winter of 1779-80. Alexander Hamilton made his home there that winter, and there met the daughter of General Schuyler, whom he afterwards married. Among other famous men who have been beneath its roof were Green, Knox, Lafayette, Steuben, Kosciusko, Schuyler, "Light Horse" Harry Lee, Old Israel Putman, "Mad Anthony" Wayne, and Benedict Arnold.

The location of the New Jersey Building was in the center of a grove of trees, with an extensive lawn, and had every convenience for the comfort of visitors. The furnishings were selected to harmonize in color as well as with a view to comfort.

Owing to the expense required to make shipments of fresh articles such a great distance, the commission found it would be impossible to make such agricultural and horticultural displays as would do justice to the State with the amount of the appropriation placed at their disposal.

The educational exhibit differed in some features from that of any other State. For the display of books and various lines of work not readily shown upon the walls or in the cabinets, drawers instead of shelves were placed under the cabinets. This enabled the work to be put in convenient form for inspection, and had the additional merit of keeping it clean. Another feature entirely new and used for the first time at this exposition was the index key. The exhibit was divided into sections lettered from A to M, inclusive, and these were subdivided into units numbered from 1 to 68, inclusive. Each unit consisted of a leaf cabinet with six drawers directly underneath. The units from 15 to 21, inclusive, served as an index to the entire New Jersey educational exhibit. Unit No. 15 directed to first year's work. Unit No. 16 directed to second and fourth year's work. Unit No. 17 directed to third and fourth year's work, and so on.

To find work from a particular school, the card containing work from the county or city in which said school is located was first taken. That card directed to the section in which all work of the school, except that placed upon the walls, could be found. Different lines of school work were bound in different colored volumes, as shown by index cards. Another unique feature of the exhibit was the manual-training work of each school shown in connection with its academic work.

A combined exhibit of music and art was exceptionally fine and attracted much attention. The work of a very large percentage of schools, both rural and urban, was represented, and the Garden State ably maintained the reputation won at former expositions.

In the section of social economy of the Educational Building the State was represented by comprehensive exhibits from the following: The State board of health, Trenton, N.J.; bureau of statistics of labor and industries, Trenton, N.J.; New Jersey School for Deaf Mutes; New Jersey State Institution for Feeble-Minded Women, Vineland, N.J.; New Jersey Training School for Feeble-Minded Boys and Girls, Vineland, N.J.; New Jersey Children's Home Society, Trenton, N.J.; Woodbine Settlement, Woodbine, N.J.; State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-Minded Women, Newark, N.J., and the School for Nervous and Backward Children.

The exhibit of the geological survey in the Mines and Metallurgy Building was in many respects unique among the various exhibits in the Mines Building. Geological surveys have been carried out under State auspices for more than half a century, and, as a result, New Jersey was in a position to illustrate to younger and less thoroughly studied States how science and industry go hand in hand.

New Jersey is the best-mapped portion in America. Therefore a salient feature of the exhibit was a large relief map of the State, models of typical sections of the State, and files of the position and elevation of every portion of the State. The building stones of the State formed a pyramid in the center of the exhibit, and alongside of it was a microscope, with 70 sections of New Jersey rocks, showing how they are studied to estimate their value for construction purposes.

The New Jersey geological survey had two superb terra-cotta columns made of New Jersey clay on enameled brick piers. Adjoining the entrance was the New Jersey clay exhibit proper. In it were shown samples of all the prominent clays, burned bricklets, which illustrated the way clay acts when burned at various cones (temperatures), the air and fire shrinkage, and various other properties and analyses of clays, all facts of importance to the clay worker, as well as large photographs of the chief clay banks and various steps in utilizing clay.

A collection of New Jersey bricks was tested to determine the breaking and crushing strength. The results of these tests were shown, together with samples of the bricks classified according to the method of manufacture and geological occurrences of the clay. A model of a New Jersey clay refinery was shown, illustrating the manner in which high-grade clays are prepared for potteries.

The natural advantages found on the coast and mountains of New Jersey have produced many fine and well-known resorts. In order to illustrate some of the attractions there found, the exhibit in the Forestry, Fish, and Game Building was prepared. It showed beautiful mounted specimens of practically all the birds that frequent the State. In addition to the mounted fresh and salt-water fishes there was displayed, in the largest pool that has ever been constructed at an exposition, a number of the live salt-water fish found along the coast. The oyster industry was represented by an exhibit from the State bureau of shell fisheries. A glass tank filled with salt water showed an oyster bed containing the following variety of oysters, all of which are products of New Jersey: Shrewsburys, Raritan, Barnegat, Maurice River coves, Absecon salts, and the Cape May salts. The tank also contained a profusion of marine vegetation, and a number of the varieties of clams and fish common to the waters of the State. An interesting demonstration was made of each stage of the progression from the spat to the prime oyster.

Another very instructive and important feature was the mosquito exhibit, which was intended to illustrate the work which has been done by authority of the State of New Jersey in studying the life, history, and methods of dealing with the mosquito pest. The work was in charge of Prof. John B. Smith, the State entomologist, and the exhibit was prepared under his direction. It consisted of a series of table cases in which were shown the common species of mosquitoes, with their larvae as well as their natural enemies. Enlarged drawings gave the character of each species so far as they were not obvious on ordinary examination.

At one end of the square was represented a marsh area divided into two parts. One of these showed breeding pools, where the immense shore crop develops. The other showed fiddler crabs and other creatures that provide a natural drainage for the meadows inhabited by them. Areas where fiddler crabs live are never mosquito breeders, and as a matter of fact only a small percentage of the entire salt, marsh country is dangerous. Illustrations showed drainage ditches, the methods of making them, and also typical areas where the insects breed.

New Jersey had an exhibit also of road building in the Model City, showing the manner of constructing and maintaining the excellent highways of that State.

In the Palace of Liberal Arts interesting exhibits were displayed by various business enterprises of the State. This included a variety of printing presses, books, binding, and publications of different series, musical instruments, philosophical and scientific apparatus, coins and medals, as well as an exhibit of chemical and pharmaceutical arts, and model plans and designs for public work.

In the Palace of Manufactures and Varied Industries New Jersey exhibits attracted considerable attention. The display included hardware, carpets, tapestries, fabrics for upholstery, wearing apparel, silks, and clothing.

In the Palace of Electricity New Jersey displays ranked among the best, as was also the case in the Palace of Machinery.

In the Transportation Building and the Palace of Agriculture the displays, while not large, were very commendable.

NEW MEXICO.

The legislature of the Territory of New Mexico in March ,1903, appropriated the sum of $30,000 for the purpose of adequately representing the resources and products of the Territory at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Shortly after the passage of the act the governor of New Mexico appointed the following commission, which subsequently met and elected its officers:

Charles A. Spiess, president; Carl A. Dalies, vice-president; Arthur Seligman, treasurer; W.B. Walton, secretary; Herbert J. Hagerman, Eusebio Chacon, Fayette A. Jones, and H.W. Porterfield, managers; W.C. Porterfield, assistant manager.

The ten or eleven years that have elapsed since the Columbian Exposition at Chicago have brought great changes to New Mexico, and the marked advancement and progress made along all lines were emphasized in a comparison of her exhibits at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition with those at Chicago. The Territory had large and excellent exhibits, displayed in a most attractive and interesting manner and showing many of the splendid products of that country, as well as the educational facilities and other interesting features, and it was felt that the chance for statehood had much advanced by the excellent impression made at the fair.

Great irrigation enterprises within the last decade have reclaimed large areas of fine agricultural land, providing happy homes for people in that beautiful and delightful climate.

The superior products shown in New Mexico's agricultural and horticultural exhibits were a revelation to visitors, and demonstrated that the very best results and most perfect development in fruits and farm products are obtained by irrigation and sunny skies. The fruits, grains, vegetables, and other products of the soil shown had few equals. The exhibits were larger and better than have ever been made by the Territory at previous expositions.

New Mexico's exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy ably presented the status of one of her most important industries, showing the production of a vastly greater number of producing mines than it was possible to show ten years ago, or when the Territory made an exhibit at Chicago, and it also included a far greater range of minerals, anthracite and bituminous coal, iron, zinc, lead, mineralogical forms, besides mica, gypsum, salt, sulphur, asbestos, marble, onyx, and building stone. A unique and most important product of the mines of New Mexico was the beautiful blue gem stone, the finest and most valuable turquoise found in any part of the world. The Territory had the only turquoise exhibits at the exhibition. One was in the mineral exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, and a larger and perhaps the most extensive exhibit of this stone ever shown was in the Varied Industries Building. An exhibit of a turquoise mine and its products was shown in the gulch, or outside mining exhibit, where a reproduction of the famous turquoise mines of Porterfield, near Silver City, N. Mex., showed the actual geological occurrence of the gem. This was accomplished by bringing to the fair several tons of the rock from the mine with turquoise embedded in it, just as it was when the chemical processes of nature were preparing the beautiful jewels to delight the eye of man.

New Mexico's greatest pride was her educational exhibit, which showed results of splendid schoolroom work and by photographs recorded the grand and stately school buildings, demonstrating that New Mexico was, in proportion to her population, in no way behind the older States in her public school system. At Chicago the school exhibit represented only a few institutions, and these in a limited way; while at St. Louis a very large number of splendid graded schools and country schools were represented by fine exhibits. Besides the work of the colleges of agriculture and mechanical arts, the Military Institute, a university, a school of mines, two normal schools, and a number of denominational schools of higher order were displayed.

The beautifully arranged ethnological exhibit in the Department of Anthropology consisted of a valuable collection, chief among which was the wonderful Harvey collection, brought from Albuquerque.

Among the numerous beautiful buildings which adorned the Plateau of States, many of which were reproductions of historic structures or homes of some of the nation's famous citizens, stood the pretty structure erected by New Mexico, a gem in point of architecture and interior decoration, and one of the ornamental features of the exposition.

NEW YORK.

_New York commission_.--Edward H. Harriman, president; William Berri, vice-president; Louis Stern, chairman of executive committee; Edward Lyman Bill, treasurer; Lewis Nixon, Frank S. McGraw, Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Frederick R. Green, John C. Woodbury, John K. Stewart, James H. Callahan, John Young; Charles A. Ball, secretary and chief executive officer; Mrs. Dore Lyon, assistant secretary.

New York State's participation in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was calculated to exploit fully the wonderful resources of the State, as well as to set forth what the Empire State is accomplishing in the various lines of humanitarian work. The New York State commission started out with the idea of making exhibits only in lines where New York was preeminently the leader. On this account and for the reason that the appropriation was relatively limited, exhibits were planned to cover seven distinct departments. It was intended at the outset to make these exhibits strong in every detail, and the commission believes that the close of the exposition has demonstrated the excellent judgment exercised.

The most conspicuous feature of New York's participation in the exposition was her State Building. An excellent site was chosen for this structure, and a handsome building was erected in a conspicuous place on the plateau of the States on the exposition grounds. The building occupied the most commanding site on the State plateau of any of the State buildings. It also enjoyed the benefits of Forest Park, both in front and rear, which made it one of the coolest buildings on the grounds.

The building was simple, but dignified, in design; of Italian architecture in the colonial treatment. Martini's Quadriga flanked the dome, representing the progress or art and commerce, and Lenz's dancing group was placed around the columns at the entrances. A very large hall ran through to the dome, the lower part of which was treated in the Doric order, and the whole was scholarly, dignified, and beautiful in design. Another interesting feature in the hall was the organ case, which was designed particularly for this place. This hall was flanked on the northern side by a large assembly hall with a barrel ceiling running up to the second story, and the treatment of this room in old gold, Antwerp blues, and siennas was beautiful. The draperies were in green velvet, and the chairs were of leather, treated to represent the old Spanish illuminated leather. The floors were carefully made. There were rooms for banquets or functions of any kind. On the westerly side were the waiting rooms for men and women, writing rooms, and also retiring rooms and toilets.

The mural decorations of the large hall were done by Florian Peixotto, and represented De Soto discovering the Mississippi, one showing the French and Indian occupation of the land, and others showing New York in 1803 and New York in 1903. The pendentives, which supported the dome, had four emblematic pictures representing the four States most benefited by the purchase, the blue Mississippi in the background of each.

The second story was divided into apartments for the commissioners and the offices of the secretary, which were perfect in appointments. The suites were composed of parlor, bedroom, and baths.

A piano of great beauty, with inlays and paintings, was contributed by a leading New York manufacturer, a picture of Niagara Falls being particularly fine. A company of New York contributed the organ as an exhibit, and concerts were given each afternoon of the fair.

The grounds received careful consideration, and there were many beds of flowers and shrubbery, such as lily ponds, poppy beds, hydrangeas, and cannae.

The amount of money appropriated by the State of New York for participation at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was $390,000. There were no private subscriptions of any sort, but many exhibits were loaned to the commission from the various departments of the State to be displayed. The cost of installing the various exhibits was $10,755. This did not include the cost of labor in placing the exhibit, as the work was done by men who were employed by the State in the various departments. The cost of transportation of exhibits was $12,342. The State building cost $88,275.23 to erect.

Upon the landscape gardening, which was one of the most admired features of the exposition, was expended the sum of $4,465.75. The organ case alone cost $3,500. Including that, the total amount expended for furnishing the State building was $23,423.96.

New York displayed her products in six of the exhibit palaces, namely: Agriculture, Horticulture, Education, Forest, Fish and Game, Fine Arts, and Mines and Metallurgy. In addition to this there was a very fine exhibit of live stock. New York State was the only successful exhibitor of a forest nursery.

It is impossible to give an approximate value of the exhibits. In the Fine Arts Department, New York had 1,112 out of a total of 3,524 exhibits. They were selected after very careful scrutiny by a jury appointed by the National Academy of Design, and consisted of oil paintings, mural paintings, water colors, miniatures, illustrations, etchings, engravings, lithographs, wood engravings, sculpture, architecture, and applied arts.

The commission made appropriations for the various exhibits as follows:

Agriculture and live stock .................... $25,000 Horticulture and floriculture ................. 20,000 Forestry, fish, and game ...................... 18,000 Fine arts ..................................... 10,000 Scientific exhibit ............................ 7,500 Education and social economy .................. 27,500

The education exhibit was composite in nature and was subdivided as follows: Administration, kindergarten, elementary grades, high schools, normal schools, training schools and classes, higher education, industrial and trade schools, special schools, business colleges, Indian schools, schools for defectives, summer schools, and extension schools.

There were exhibits from both the State department of public instruction and the University of the State of New York. In the public schools exhibit contributions were received from 24 cities and various villages. There was also a comprehensive exhibit from the rural schools of the State. In the normal school exhibit contributions were received from every normal school. The training schools and classes of the State were very generally represented. Exhibits were in place from Hobart College, Geneva; Manhattan College, New York City; Colgate University, Hamilton, and Syracuse University. In the schools for defectives there were exhibits from the New York State School for the Blind, Batavia; New York Institution for the Blind, New York City; Western New York Institution for Deaf Mutes, Rochester; New York Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes, New York City, and the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, New York City. The exhibit from the Indian schools contained work from all of the seven reservations in the State, and was arranged by the State inspector of Indian schools.

Owing to the plan of installation adopted by the exposition authorities, the State exhibit in the Department of Social Economy was found in several different places. The State commission in lunacy made an interesting exhibit of the ancient and modern methods of caring for insane patients. There was also a model showing the tent system for treatment of tuberculosis. The State board of charities made a very complete exhibit of the several State institutions under its jurisdiction, first, by means of photography of exteriors and interiors, and, second, by specimens of work carried on in the industrial departments of the various institutions. They also made an elaborate photographic exhibit of the almshouses in the State and of the penitentiaries. The State labor bureau sent a series of 28 graphic charts bearing on labor conditions in the State and comparisons between New York and other States and countries. This was supplemented by a series of the reports of the bureau. The State department of health furnished an exhibit of the blanks generally used in the administration of the department of health and graphically showed the work under its jurisdiction. The State excise department furnished a series of graphic charts upon the receipt and disbursement of the excise moneys of the State.

The New York agricultural exhibit differed from the other exhibits in the Agricultural Building in that the object sought was educational rather than spectacular. In wheat there were over 500 varieties and about 1,000 samples; in corn, about 100 varieties and 300 samples; beans, 75 varieties; peas, 50 varieties; oats, 20 varieties; barley, 8 varieties; buckwheat, 50 samples, and other grains in proportion. There were also exhibits of tobacco, salt, canned fruits of every variety, canned meats and fish, hops, flour, maple sirup and sugar, including varieties of potatoes.

In the Cheese Department New York had over half of the exhibit. In the Butter Department a facsimile of the Liberty Bell in butter, exact size, with all the inscriptions.

New York had the largest exhibit in the Horticultural Palace and also had more than twice the number of varieties of any other State. New York was the only State showing pears and grapes.

In exhibiting the timber indigenous to the State in the Forestry, Fish, and Game Building, two specimens of each species were shown in paneled framework, showing both sides of the specimen.

In connection with the specimens of timber were exhibited a series of photographs of trees of New York, eight in number. Each tree was shown in leaf and also as it appears in winter. A life-size photograph of the bark of each tree was shown, and in most instances specimens of the leaves, flowers, and fruit. In this connection there were in small glass jars seeds of all the important forest trees of New York, also by-products of the forest, such as nuts, sugar, pulp, wood alcohol, and many other commodities.

A collection of all the insects injurious to the trees of New York was shown in an attractive manner in cases.

The outside exhibit of New York consisted of a nursery and plantation of forest trees. As a part of the inside exhibit were shown specimens of substantially all the food and game fishes of New York. No attempt was made to show abnormally large specimens; the purpose was to show the average fish, true to color and size. The collection included both fresh and salt water specimens of the fishes of New York. Some interesting specimens of oyster growth and of the enemies of the oyster were also shown.

A part of the inside exhibit was a typical hunter camp. It was constructed of spruce logs and roofed with spruce bark from the Adirondack forest by Adirondack guides.

An outside exhibit of forestry consisted of a nursery and plantation of forest trees, showing the method by which the forest, fish, and game commission of New York is foresting the denuded, nonagricultural lands of the State. The plot was 120 feet by 60 feet and contained 80,000 trees.

In the Mines Building were displayed ten geological maps of the State of New York, besides a relief map of the State, a hypsometric map, a road map, and publications on mineralogical works besides photographs. In metallic products there were iron ores, lead and zinc, and pyrites. In nonmetallic products there were displayed garnet, emery, millstones, infusorial earth, mineral paints, graphite, talc, mica, salt, gypsum, land plaster, and plaster of Paris. In building stones there were shown granite, diabase, morite, sandstone, bluestone, limestone, marble, slate, and marl.

A pavilion was erected in order to display the clay products of the State. The collection was of type products rather than a great mass of similar clays. New York State produces roofing tile, and several styles were wrought into the roof of the pavilion. The brick were of several styles and colors, from the classic roman dry-press brick to the rough rock-face clinker which forms the base course of the structure.

NORTH CAROLINA.

_Members of North Carolina commission_.--H.H. Brimley, commissioner-general; T.K. Bruner and J.A. Holmes, resident commissioners.

In March, 1903, the legislature of North Carolina appropriated $10,000 for the participation of the State at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Ten thousand dollars was also raised by subscriptions among citizens and manufacturers of North Carolina, making a total of $20,000. The cost of transportation, installation, and maintenance, and general expenses of the State exhibit practically used up the total amount.

North Carolina had no State building.

The State had exhibits in the Departments of Mines and Metallurgy, Agriculture, Horticulture, Forestry, Fish and Game. The total cost of the State's participation in the exposition was about as follows:

Value of loan exhibits in the different departments ....... $9,000 Cost of new specimens and cases ........................... 8,000 Value of specimens and cases already on hand and withdrawn from the State museum ................................... 30,000 Installation and expenses ................................. 12,000 ------ Total .............................................. 59,000

In mines and metallurgy the exhibit covered a floor space of about 2,200 square feet. It consisted of a full, systematic collection of the minerals of the State, a representation of the ores of gold, copper, silver, iron, nickel, and tin that are native to North Carolina, and a very full exhibit of the economic minerals. Wherever possible, there were shown specimens of the finished product alongside of the raw material, and this feature added considerable value to the display. A very beautiful and very comprehensive collection of cut gems and crude gem material was perhaps the most attractive feature of the exhibit. The collection of building and ornamental stones included a large variety of granites, marbles, and sandstones, many of them of a very superior quality.

In agriculture the chief features of the exhibit were the special tobacco display and the collection of grains and seeds in the main space. A good line of commercial cotton samples and of the best varieties of cotton seed were shown and some cotton-oil and cotton-mill machinery in connection therewith. The late date at which any money became available prevented any show of sheaf grains or grasses and cut short the exhibit in many ways.

In the Department of Horticulture the show was a small one, owing both to the very poor fruit year and also, again, to the late date at which the collecting had to be started. The space occupied was about 500 square feet in size, while in the four different spaces in the Agricultural Building the total floor area occupied was nearly 4,000 square feet.

The combined forestry and fish and game exhibits were among the most complete of any of the State exhibits. The total floor space occupied by these was 2,400 square feet. The display of native timber specimens was most complete and systematic, and the specimens were shown in a way to impart the most information in a condensed form. The main collection consisted of planks cut the full length and width of the trees, 4 feet long by 4 inches thick, with the bark left attached. One-half of each was dressed and sandpapered, but not varnished; the other half filled and varnished and given an oil-rub finish to bring out the beauties of the grain and to show the best finish the different kinds of wood would take. Wherever possible, two sections were shown in the form of disks cut across the log. These brought out the character of the end grain and the annual growth rings, as well as the size of the trees from which each specimen came. A variety of finished wood products and a collection of forest seeds and of medicinal plants completed the exhibit.

In the Department of Fish and Game the State showed collections of mounted food and game fishes, of oysters and clams, and of tools and appliances used in their capture, including some very fine models of the more typical of the fishing craft used in North Carolina waters. Fairly complete collections of the game birds, wild fowl, and shore birds were shown, as well as most of the prey-catching and fish-eating birds found in the State. The game animals and those valuable for their furs were also exhibited, and a very fine lot of furs, both raw and dressed, occupied a case contiguous to that containing the fur-bearing animals. Guns, traps, etc., were shown as well to illustrate the means used in the capture of the different kinds. Collections of marine invertebrates, of reptiles and batrachians, casts of fishes and cetaceans, an old whaling outfit, and a lot of miscellaneous material completed the exhibit.

Considering the amount of money used, the exhibits were large, varied, full, and of good quality all through, and in some cases unlimited funds could hardly have bettered them.

NORTH DAKOTA.

North Dakota had no State building on the grounds. The exhibits, which comprised every variety of grain and species of grass grown in the State, gathered from the very best samples obtained from the crop of 1903, were shown principally in the Agricultural Building, although there was a very excellent exhibit in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy, showing the mineral resources of the State, and including coal, clays, cement, building stones, etc.

The State legislature, on March 17, 1903, passed an act authorizing the participation of the State at the World's Fair to be held in St. Louis in 1904, and at the Lewis and Clark Centennial and Pacific Exposition and Oriental Fair to be held at Portland, Oreg., in 1905, and creating a commission composed of the governor, the State auditor, the lieutenant-governor, the commissioner of agriculture, and Warren N. Steele, of Rolette County. The governor was made the president of the commission and the commissioner of agriculture the secretary.

This act appropriated the sum of $50,000 for the exhibits to be made at the two expositions therein named.

The commissioners appointed by the legislature were as follows:

Governor Frank White, president; Commissioner of Agriculture R.J. Turner, secretary; Lieut. Governor David Bartlett, executive commissioner; Hon. H.L. Holmes, and Hon. Warren N. Steele.

There was absolutely no private contribution or subscription. The cost of the installation, including transportation and freight charges, etc., was in the neighborhood of $25,000.

OHIO.

In an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio a bill was passed May 12, 1902, creating a commission to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and appropriating $75,000 for the erecting and maintaining of a State building. The act provided as follows:

For the appointment of a commission to erect a building on the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and to take charge of the building and exhibits that might be placed therein, the governor was authorized to appoint within thirty days after the passage of the act, a commission of seven residents of the State of Ohio and one executive commissioner, who should be ex officio a member of the commission. No more than four of the commission were to be of the same political party. It was the duty of the commission to decide upon plans and specifications for an Ohio Building to cost not exceeding $35,000. Members of the commission were not entitled to receive any compensation for their services except their actual expenses for transportation and for subsistence for the time they were necessarily engaged on the business of the commission. The salary of the executive commissioner was $2,500 per annum, and in addition to this salary he was allowed his actual and necessary expenses. That there should be appropriated the sum of $50,000, $25,000 to be available on and after the 15th day of February, 1903, for the erection and equipment of the building and for other expenses provided for in the act.

An extra appropriation of $12,500 for the completion of the State building was provided for in an act passed March 25, 1904, making an appropriation for an Ohio Building on the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Mo.

The following commissioners were appointed:

William F. Burdell, president; L.E. Holden, vice-president; Stacey B. Rankin, executive commissioner; D.H. Moore, Edwin Hagenbuch, M.K. Gantz, Newell K. Kennon, and David Friedman.

As soon as the bill had been passed and the commissioners had been appointed a meeting of the commission was held for the purpose of deciding upon the plans for the State building. The building was erected on the southeastern end of the fair grounds, on that part known as the Terrace of States, at a cost of $35,000. The structure was designed solely for the comfort and convenience of the people of the State, and no effort was made to exhibit therein any of the resources of the State. In an act of the general assembly of the State an additional bill was passed March 24, 1904, appropriating $12,500 for completing and furnishing the State building on the grounds of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. In this connection it may be of interest to mention that President Francis especially complimented the commission for its promptness in having the building erected, for on the opening day of the exposition the Ohio Building was ready for occupancy and the president himself was the first to register his name. At the close of the exposition the commission advertised for the sale of the building and disposed of it to the highest bidder.

While Ohio as a State maintained only one exhibit in the Mines and Metallurgy Building, consisting chiefly of clay and its products, over 150 private individuals and corporations throughout the State added to the prominence and magnitude of the exposition by installing costly exhibits, which were maintained by them at very great expense. These miscellaneous exhibits showed to very good advantage the natural resources of the State and its diversified products. In the Palaces of Electricity, Machinery, and Transportation the State was represented remarkably well by these private exhibitors, and much credit is due to them for their attractive and interesting display. In the Liberal Arts Building it may be correctly intimated that the Ohio exhibitors were predominant. In the Department of Anthropology, also, Ohio took the grand prize over all competitors. The display consisted principally of relics taken from the historical mounds of the State, which in themselves were very interesting. Not only was the grand prize awarded for the display, but a special gold medal was presented to Prof. W.C. Mills, librarian and curator of the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society, for his untiring efforts in revealing to the public of to-day the mode of livelihood and the characteristics of the oldest and most historical race of this continent.

OKLAHOMA.

The Oklahoma World's Fair commission was appointed on April 19, 1901, and organized ready for active work on May 1, 1901. Two days after it was decided to hold the World's Fair in Forest Park, the Oklahoma commission notified Secretary Stevens that Oklahoma was ready to select her site for a building.

Oklahoma was among the very first to select a site on the World's Fair grounds, was first to lay a corner stone for the Territorial building, and the first to accept her building complete from the contractor and dedicate the same.

By an act of the legislature of the Territory of Oklahoma, dated March 1, 1901, the sum of $20,000 was appropriated for the participation of the Territory at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Subsequently, on March 14, 1903, the legislature of the Territory enacted a bill appropriating $40,000 additional for the erection and equipment of the building on the grounds of the exposition, and for the transportation and installation of the exhibits of the Territory. The following were appointed by the legislature as a commission in charge of Oklahoma exhibits:

Joseph Meibergen, chairman; Otto A. Shuttee, treasurer; Edgar B. Marchant, secretary.

The Oklahoma Building was of semi-Moorish architecture, size 71 by 72, with balconies above, below, and in front, the full width of the building. It contained reception halls, parlors, toilet rooms, and commissioner's office, 14 rooms in all. The building was two stories high, with basement, provided with rugs and carpets of Wilton velvet.

The total cost of the building, exclusive of furniture, including gas and electric light fixtures, was approximately $15,500.

All the plaster, inside and out, used in the construction of the building was manufactured from Oklahoma gypsum.

The educational exhibit was shown in the Palace of Education and occupied 488 square feet. It contained representative work from the kindergarten to the University of Oklahoma. All the seven colleges and preparatory schools supported by the Territory were represented, and many of the ten institutions of higher learning supported by denominational and private enterprises. Work from the majority of the 2,192 district schools was shown in leaf cabinets, framed pictures, and in other ways. Taxidermical work and modeling in Oklahoma plaster were shown, together with specimens of the handiwork of the students in the Agricultural and Mechanical College. There were more than 4,000 exhibits contained in the collection, which was shown in cabinets and cases. The total cost of collection, installation, and maintenance was $1,825.95.

The agricultural exhibit was shown in section 42 of the Palace of Agriculture, and covered 3,600 square feet of floor space.

Specimens of all the agricultural products of the Territory were shown in the exhibit and consisted of the following:

Exhibits.
Thrashed grain:
Wheat ................................... 160
Oats .................................... 65
Rye ..................................... 5
Barley .................................. 11
Corn, shelled ............................. 19
Miscellaneous, consisting of alfalfa seed,
timothy, speltz, castor beans, etc ...... 31
Corn in the ear:
1903 .................................... 159
1904 .................................... 300
Potatoes:
Irish ......................... plates .. 150
Sweet ........................... do .... 57
Broom corn ................................ 20

The foregoing constituted the main body of the exhibit, which was supplemented by corn in the stalk, wheat, oats, barley, and other grains in exhibit bundles, native and tame grasses in profusion, water-melons, the largest of which weighed 117 pounds; various field and garden vegetables, cotton and cotton-seed products, flax, tobacco, etc. A special feature was a loaf of bread baked from flour ground from wheat of the 1904 crop. The total cost of collection, installation, and maintenance was $4,072.80.

In the Horticultural Department the exhibit covered 1,100 square feet of floor space. The exhibit consisted of 250 jars of preserved fruits of the various kinds produced in Oklahoma, 200 bottles of Oklahoma grape wine, and about 400 plates of fresh fruits of the various kinds in their season. Four hundred and fifty bushels of the choicest apples were placed in cold storage in the fall of 1903 to keep the exhibit fresh. On the 15th of November the exhibit had 1,800 specimens of apples from the crops of 1904. The total cost of collection, installation, and maintenance was $4,892.48.

The mineral exhibit occupied 1,020 square feet in the Palace of Mines and Metallurgy. Here were shown 186 exhibits of sandstone, limestone, and other building stone, magnetite, brick (both burned and green), transparent selenite, and various others from Oklahoma. It also contained salt, oil, and glass sand testing 96 per cent pure. The plaster resources of Oklahoma were shown from the raw material in a solid block weighing 3,600 pounds, through the various evolutions of plaster manufacture to the finished product in dainty statuettes. A prominent feature of this exhibit was the relief map of the Territory, made from Oklahoma plaster by Doctor Finney, of the University of Oklahoma. The map weighed 1,600 pounds and showed every elevation and depression, with the rivers, streams, lakes, gypsum deposits, and salt reserves. The total cost of collection, installation, and maintenance was $3,263.50.

OREGON.

_Members of commission_.--Jefferson Myers, president; W.E. Thomas, vice-president; Edmond C. Giltner, secretary; W.H. Wehrung, special commissioner and general superintendent; F.A. Spencer, David Rafferty, J.C. Flanders, G.Y. Harry, J.H. Albert, Richard Scott, Frank Williams, F.G. Young, George Conser; Layton Wisdom, private secretary to general superintendent.

The legislature of the State of Oregon made an appropriation of $50,000 for the participation of Oregon at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. One of the main objects was to excite interest in the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition to be held at Portland, Oreg., in 1905.

The Oregon State Building was built of logs and was a reproduction of Fort Clatsop, the fort in which Lewis and Clark and their companions resided during their stay in Oregon in the winter of 1805-6. Two square wings stood diagonally from each front corner of the building like the old fortress abutments used in the days when it was necessary for pioneer settlers to maintain such defenses against the hostile Indians.

The cost of the erection and maintenance of the building was $9,000, of which the Lewis and Clark Exposition Company contributed $3,500.

Not including the exhibits in the Oregon Building, the State made exhibits in six exhibit palaces, as follows: Agricultural Pavilion, Horticultural Pavilion, Educational Pavilion, Forestry Pavilion, Mining Pavilion, and Fish and Game Pavilion.

In the Educational Department a very interesting display was made by the State board of education and the public schools of approximately all the towns in the State.

In the Forestry, Fish, and Game Building were exhibits by large lumber corporations of the State and a very interesting display of mounted specimens of fish and game, furs and rugs, also cannery displays from the fish-canning concerns. The Oregon State experimental stations at Corvallis and Union made very interesting exhibits of grains and grasses in the Palace of Agriculture. The same classes of products were exhibited by about 60 individual exhibitors, residents of the State of Oregon. While grains and grasses formed the largest exhibit, there were also interesting displays of wool, mohair, hops, milling stuffs, evaporated cream, and vegetables and fruit, both evaporated and in jars.

In the Horticultural Building about 50 exhibitors displayed specimens of the fruits of Oregon. Apples, pears, and prunes were shown in interesting variety and unexcelled quality.

Four exhibitors made exhibits in the Live Stock Department.

In the Mines and Metallurgy Building there was a very unique and interesting display of mineral specimens, many of which were loaned to the State of Oregon for use at the exposition. Among the specimens there were collections of gold quartz and nuggets from the various gold mines of the State. Besides the gold, there were shown collections of polished pebble, copper ores, native silver, including cobalt and antimony ores, crystals, opals, marble, jasper, asbestos, limestone, kaolin, asphaltum, and tellurium ores. There were also displayed Indian curios, ethnological, geological, and other specimens, all found in the State of Oregon. The total value of the exhibit in the Mines and Metallurgy Building was estimated at $35,000.

The cost of installing and maintaining the exhibits in the several palaces were as follows:

Agricultural Building ................. $7,117 Horticultural Building ................ 6,148 Educational Building .................. 3,800 Forestry Building ..................... 3,200 Mines and Metallurgy Building ......... 5,000 Fish and Game Building ................ 2,300

The cost of freight and transportation from Oregon to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition was, approximately, $4,400. Altogether the State of Oregon expended $45,803.34 out of its appropriation up to the close of the exposition.

PENNSYLVANIA.