Chapter XII: Part 12

Administered externally and internally for snake-bite.

=H. strigosum= _Willd._

Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long; fl. minute; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.

Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum- boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers.

=H. Steudneri= _Vatke._

Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate- lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous, minute; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=H. longiflorum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._

Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or 9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg).

=H. zeylanicum= _Lam._ UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.

Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.

Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces.

=H. indicum= _Linn._

Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate, up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.

Fung Prov.

=H. pallens= _Del._

Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.

=H. ovalifolium= _Forsk._ RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid.

Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

=H. europæum= _Linn._ KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.

Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal. Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy; nutlets 4, rugose.

Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).

Eaten by goats.

=H. pterocarpum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._

Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in pairs, winged.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).

=H. arbainense= _Fresen._

Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt., ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous.

Coast of Nubia.

603 =Trichodesma physaloides= _A. DC._

Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to 1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land).

=T. africanum= _R. Br._ HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with 5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov. (North).

The leaves are used as diuretic.

=T. Bentii= _Baker_ & _C. H. Wright._

Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long, bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers pilose on back, spirally awned.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000 ft.).

=T. zeylanicum= _R. Br._

Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based hairs. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. diam.; anthers awned; nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed.

Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.).

Emollient poultices are made from the leaves.

604 =Cynoglossum Hochstetteri= _Vatke._

Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper sessile. Racemes lax, few- flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, small, throat with scales inside; nutlets 4 with hooked spines on margins and up the centre.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to 3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin, Erkowit, Has Has).

=C. lanceolatum= _Forsk._

Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous, minute; cor. white, sometimes blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales; nuts 4, covered with hooked spines.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

605 =Echinochilon fruticosum= _Desf._

Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4.

Nubia (coast-land).

606 =Arnebia hispidissima= _DC._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. Stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. Spikes dense, finally elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ in. long; nuts 4.

Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov.

607 =Echium Rauwolfii= _Del._

Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small, sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining.

Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).

=E. longifolium= _Del._ KAHALI—Arab.

Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ in. diam., ovoid, rugose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi Mahas).

=E. arenarium= _Guss._

Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate. Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires).

=SOLANACEÆ.=

608 =Solanum æthiopicum= _Linn._ GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab.

Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry globose, pale red.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic.

=S. nodiflorum= _Jacq._ HARSH (Kaka)—Arab.

Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black.

Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink.

=S. nigrum= _Linn._ ENAB EL DIB—Arab.

Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate- dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., black, rarely red or yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver.

=S. schimperianum= _Hochst._

Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly ½ in. diam.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).

=S. albicaule= _Kotschy._

Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts with white stellate tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly lobed, 1½ in. long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan.

=S. hastifolium= _Hochst._

Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more or less pinnately lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral and terminal, solitary or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; cor. lobes under ½ in. long. Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Bor).

=S. anomalum= _Thonn._

Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, branches, petioles and along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, ovate-oblong, pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate. Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. diam.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

=S. aculeatissimum= _Jacq._

Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on stems, branches, upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, interspersed in the younger parts with stiff bristles as also on leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in. long; petiole 1 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam., smooth, orange.

Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

=S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi= _Dunal._

Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, branches, petiole and midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9 lobed, up to 5 in. long, stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra- axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry size of a cherry, yellow.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib Assad); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.

=S. dubium= _Fresen._ GUBEIN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. violet. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, enclosed in spiny calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. (J. Berkin).

The plant is pounded and put into water in which hides are soaking to assist the removal of the hair.

=S. incanum= _Linn._ GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; TELELEH—Bari; DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka.

Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; branches, leaves and calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 in. long, sinuate. Fl. solitary or few together; cor. purple or white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr. subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow.

Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza).

The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is said to be edible.

=S. hybridum= _Jacq._

Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, sinuate or entire, 3 in. long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced to a single flower; fl. 5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in. diam., orange-red.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=S. cerasiferum= _Dunal._

Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; 5-merous; cor. violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. Berry subglobose, yellow.

Fung Prov.

=S. Melongena= _Linn._ BEDINGAN—Arab; JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine.

Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is cooked as a vegetable.

=S. duplosinuatum= _Klotzsch._

Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny and stellate-hairy. Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad. Cymes racemose, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in. diam., white, streaked with green.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).

=S. campylacanthum= _Hochst._

Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on stem and midribs of leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to oval, entire or shallowly sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately hairy on both surfaces. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered, 5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry globose, 1 in. diam.

Darfur Prov.

=S. pruinosum var. pilosulum= _Dunal._

Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in. long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 flowered, hairy on peduncles and flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a pea.

Fung Prov.

=S. sp.?= HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa.

Unarmed shrub.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

609 =Physalis minima= _Linn._

Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, acuminate, entire or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. diam.; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole).

=P. angulata= _Linn._ =var.=

Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in fruit.

Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).

610 =Capsicum frutescens= _Linn._ SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab; RARIA—Zande. Red Pepper.

Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size. Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry spindle-shaped, red.

Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated).

=C. annuum= _Linn._ FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper.

Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear, under 1½ in. long.

Cultivated in various parts.

Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper.

611 =Lycopersicum esculentum= _Mill._ BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab.

Tomato Plant.

Cultivated throughout the country.

612 =Withania somnifera= _Dun._ MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa.

Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose. Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and diuretic properties.

613 =Lycium persicum= _Miers._ SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa.

Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, ¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet.

Red Sea Prov.

The scarlet berries are said to be eaten.

614 =Datura Stramonium= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The Thorn-apple.

Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to 9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).

The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine.

=D. Metel= _Linn._

More pubescent; flowers larger than above.

Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.

Poisonous; similar to _D. Stramonium_.

615 =Hyoscyamus muticus= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab.

Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose.

Dongola Province.

A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and Hyosine.

616 =Nicotiana Tabacum= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.

Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. Caps. conical.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov.

Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by the natives, and are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely and yields heavily.

=N. rustica= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo.

Differs from above by smaller leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in closer panicles.

Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov.

The principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and chewing. The Nicotine content is low.

617 =Schwenkia americana= _Linn._

Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower ovate and petioled, upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle lax, terminal; calyx 5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 upper longer, total length ⅓ in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

Used as a fish poison on the West Coast.

=S. hirta= _Klotzsch._

Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ in. long. Panicle large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale violet or yellow, lobes equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=CONVOLVULACEÆ.=

618 =Ipomœa verticillata= _Forsk._

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, cordate-ovate, 1-2 in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, on axillary peduncles; cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; midpetaline area well defined as in all the genus. Capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam., glabrous.

Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov. (Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

=I. eriocarpa= _R. Br._

Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to linear-oblong, 1-5 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, 5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. ⅓ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. sulphurea= _Hochst._

Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow, ¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi).

=I. curtipes= _Rendle._

Finely pubescent twining herb. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate-ovate below, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary on ¼ in. pedicel; cor. purplish, hairy, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. blepharophylla= _Hallier f._

Trailing herb with short yellowish spreading hairs. Leaves linear to lin.-oblong, 1½-3 in. long, margins densely ciliolate. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. reddish, funnel-shaped, 2 in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. coscinosperma= _Hochst._

Trailing, slightly hairy annual. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or obl.-lanceolate, 1½-2½ in. long. Fl. 1-2, axillary; cor. red, ⅓ in. long. Capsule glabrous, globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (near Abu Gerad).

=I. kotschyana= _Hochst._

Pubescent twiner. Leaves orbicular, 1-2 pinnatifid, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. solitary axillary; cor. funnel-shaped, ab. ⅓ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 3-celled.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Barkin, in Suruj Dist.).

=I. cardiosepala= _Hochst._ HANTUD or KHANTUT—Arab; TABĀR—Hadendowa.

Creeping and twining, pilose herb. Leaves cordate, ovate, 1-2 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; fl. 5-merous; 3 outer sepals ovate- cordate, 2 inner lanceolate, ¼ in. long; cor. purplish, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 2-celled; seeds densely tomentose.

Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=I. mombassana= _Vatke._

Laxly pilose trailing and climbing herb. Leaves ovate, cordate- sagittate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; cor. white with purple throat, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long; sepals linear-hastate. Caps. glabrous.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka & Meshra El Zeraf woodstations).

=I. cordofana= _Choisy._ TEBR or TIBR (White Nile)—Arab; KARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Hairy creeper. Leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly cordate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts ovate, foliaceous; cor. white, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Blue Nile, White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, El Dueim to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.

=I. pileata= _Roxb._

Pilose twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, ab. 2 in. long. Fl. enclosed in a large boat-shaped bract; cor. cylindrical, tube 1 in. long; limb spreading, 1 in. diam. Caps. globose, small.

Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. chloroneura= _Hallier f._ LUAE (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Erect branching herb with dense white and yellow hairs. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to oval, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in small dense heads, outer bracts foliaceous; cor. white or pale-yellow, funnel-shaped, under ½ in. Caps. globose; seeds fawny, silky-pubescent.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).

=I. involucrata= _P. Beauv._

Slender, finely hairy or glabrescent twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1½-3 in. long; petiole as long. Peduncle 1-3 in. long; fl. several in a head, enclosed in a large, 2-cusped, foliaceous, boat-shaped bract, 2 in. diam.; cor. bright pink, 1-2 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. small, globose, glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=I. amœna= _Choisy._

Twiner with soft yellow hairs, mixed in younger parts with white hairs. Leaves ovate, shallowly cordate, 1-3½ in. long. Fl. in dense hairy cymose heads; cor. purple-violet or cream, with crimson throat, ab. ½ in. long. Capsules small, glabrous, 2-celled.

Nubia; Fung & Kordofan Provinces.

=I. chætocaulos= _Hallier f._

Twining herb with golden bristly hairs. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, 3½ in. long; petiole 4 in. long. Fl. in dense heads; bracts ovate, ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=I. Pes-tigridis= _Linn._

Twining annual with long fulvous hairs. Leaves palmately 7-9 lobed, 1½-2½ in. long, 2-3 in. broad; lobes narrowly oval; petiole 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncles longer than petioles, bearing dense hirsute, few- flowered heads; bracts foliaceous, oblong; cor. funnel-shaped, purple, ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. brown, glabrous; seeds black, shortly pubescent.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraz).

=I. hederacea= _Jacq._

Slender, hairy twiner. Leaves shallowly cordate-ovate, rather shallowly 3-lobed, 2-5 in. long. Peduncle 1-5 flowered; sepals with a long, narrow point, ¾-1 in. long; cor. funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long, usually ashy-blue with a white tube. Caps. small, 3-celled; seeds 6, smooth.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces.

The seeds, powdered with ginger, are used as a purgative.

=I. pilosa= _Sweet._ UM SHE’ERA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Twining herb with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-4 in. long, palmately 3-lobed with white tomentum beneath. Fl. laxly cymose on 1-2 in. long, hairy peduncles, 5-merous; sepals linear-acuminate, glandular; cor. purple-carmine, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Capsule globose; ripe seeds hanging by filaments out of capsule.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

The roots are pounded and an infusion drunk to calm abdominal pains.

=I. obscura= _Ker._

Pubescent twiner. Leaves ovate, cordate, 1½-2 in. long. Peduncle ½-1 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. white with a purple base, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long, 1-1½ in. diam. Caps. globose, glabrous, ⅜ in. diam.

Between Kassala & Suakin (J. Erkeneb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land).

=I. near I. obscura= _Ker._

Leaves gland-dotted, cordate to subhastate or deltoid.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Mongalla Prov. (above Bor).

=I. fragilis= _Choisy._

Slender twiner. Leaves narrowly cordate-ovate, acuminate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-2 axillary, on long peduncles exceeding the leaves; cor. white or buff, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Western Bongo-land & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=I. acanthocarpa= _Hochst._

Glabrous twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered; cor. white or pale-purple, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Caps. globose, tipped with persistent style base.

Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi).

=I. cf. I. acanthocarpa= _Hochst._

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. hellebarda= _Schwfth._

Tuberous-rooted twiner. Leaves very variable, ovate to sagittate or hastate, 2-3 in. long. Peduncle 1½-3 in. long, bearing a few-flowered cyme; cor. bright red-purple, 2 in. long, funnel-shaped, ab. 2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, brown-velvety.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=I. aquatica= _Forsk._ FARU (Meshra El Zeraf), ARKALA (Kordn.)—Arab; AFAT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Hollow-stemmed trailing and twining herb, also floating on the water. Leaves cordate-ovate or hastate, 3-6 in. long, on long petioles. Peduncles 1-2 in. long, 1- few-flowered; cor. bright-purple, 2-3 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb spreading, 2½ in. diam.; capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Between Berber & Khartoum; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai and edges of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Most parts of the Sudan, growing in or near water.

The young shoots are eaten. It is the important factor in binding together Sudd plants.

=I. near I. leucantha= _Webb._

Twiner with linear, hastate leaves. Cor. white with purple-lilac centre.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

=I. repens= _Lam._ ABU HALAGIN—Arab; TARASHO—Bari.

Trailing perennial with hollow stem, growing on muddy banks. Leaves cordate, orbicular or reniform, 3-6 in. diam.; petiole 1-4 in. long. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, bearing a few to many flowered cyme; cor. red or purple, funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Capsule globose; seeds size of a pea.

Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (banks of the Nile); Kordofan Prov. (south, swamps); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

=I. Batatas= _Lam._ BOMBAY—Arab; BAMBE (red var.) or AMBIRIA & BAZAMBE (white var.)—Zande. Sweet Potato.

White, red or rarely yellow tuberous-rooted perennial. Leaves very variable, more or less trilobed, 3-4 in. long; petiole long. Cymes dense on long peduncles; cor. reddish, 1½ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces and other parts of the Sudan.

Cultivated for its tuber.

=I. near I. Batatas= _Lam._

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=I. dissecta= _Willd._

Slender trailing herb. Leaves digitate with 5 deeply pinnatifid to pinnatisect segments, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. 1-3 on peduncles shorter than the leaves; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, 3-celled.

Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

=I. pulchella= _Roth._

Slender twiner. Leaves deeply divided into 5 elliptic segments, the 2 lower bilobed, segments ¾-1 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. rose- purple, ½ in. long; tube inflated, limbs spreading. Caps. ⅓ in. diam.; seeds hairy.

Khartoum Prov. (Soba); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).

=I. palmata= _Forsk._

Twining herb. Leaves with 5 lanceolate segments, the 2 lower bilobed, 1-3 in. long; petiole same length, based by 2 stipular, 7-8 partite leaves. Cymes axillary, lax, few to many flowered; cor. red-purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam.; seeds 4, white, hairy.

Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

=I. dasysperma= _Jacq._ ABU ’ELEIBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.

Herbaceous twiner. Leaves as above or doubly tripartite, 2-3 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on short peduncles; sepals slightly spurred at base; cor. buff with purple throat; limb spreading, 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, orange, pilose.

Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile (Hillet Abbas) & Kordofan Provinces.

=I. magnifica= _Hallier f._

Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves ovate-suborbicular, ab. 5 in. long, undulate, grey-pubescent beneath. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. white- rose, 5 in. long and broad, funnel-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=I. verbascoidea= _Choisy._

Shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with yellow or white, woolly tomentum. Leaves cordate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, with 2 glands near junction of petiole. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, up to 1 in. long; cor. rose-purple, 3-4 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds ¼ in. long, covered with fulvous wool.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur Ghattas).

=I. lilacina= _Blume._

Strong twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-4 in. long, more or less pubescent. Peduncle 2-5 in. long, many-flowered; cor. lilac-pink, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds hairy.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).

=I. eurysepala= _Hallier f._

Dwarf hairy herb. Leaves elongate-ovate, up to 2 in. long. Fl. axillary, 1-2 together; sepals nearly ½ in. long, broadly ovate; cor. ½ in. long. Caps. glabrous; seeds 4, pale-yellow.

Kordofan Prov.

=I. convolvulifolia= _Hallier f._

Procumbent herb with fulvous hairs. Leaves cordate, subsagittate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles short, 1-2 flowered; cor. rose-red, 1 or more in. long. Caps. glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill).

=I. digitata= _Linn._

Twiner, with fleshy, tuberous root. Leaves palmately 3-9 lobed, 4-8 in. long, shallowly cordate. Cymes compound, several to many-flowered; cor. bright red-purple, centre darker, campanulate funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Caps. globose; seeds with tawny-white hairs.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River, & Bongo- land: Kulongo).

The tuberous roots are used medicinally in India.

=I. near I. incomta= _Hallier f._ TUDU (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Stout twiner. Leaves cordate ovate, silvery pubescent or tomentose. Cor. white, funnel-shaped, 2½ in. long; sepals hairy. Seeds silky-hairy.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

619 =Merremia kentrocaulos= _Rendle._

Twining perennial. Leaves palmately 5-7 partite, 3-6 in. long. Fl. laxly cymose; cor. yellow, red at base, funnel-shaped, 2-2½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ½-¾ in. long, 2-celled; seeds 4, black.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu & Bongo lands); Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).

=M. pterygocaulos= _Hallier f._

Reddish herbaceous twiner; stem, petioles and peduncles winged. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long, deeply cordate. Cymes few to many- flowered; cor. white, or pale yellow with purple throat. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam., seeds grey to blackish, size of a pea.

Fung Prov. (Wadi El Gamalu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Mongalla Prov. (North of Gondokoro).

=M. pedata= _Hallier f._

Twiner. Leaves pedately 5-lobed, segments filiform. Peduncle 1-flowered; cor. probably white, streaked with purple.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Khor Tamanib).

=M. palmata= _Hallier f._

Climbing or trailing herb. Leaves palmately deeply 5-lobed, lowest pair sometimes unequally forked, 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncle 1-flowered, up to 3 in. long, thickened above; cor. probably pale-yellow, 1 in. long, funnel-shaped.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gweb near Tamanib).

=M. pentaphylla= _Hallier f._ ’ERG EL M’OTERASH, TĀTAMBA, SHEHER & TORFRID (Kordn.) & UM GEREISĀT (N. Kordn.), SHAG EL FIL—Arab.

Slender twiner, hirsute with yellowish hairs. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 2-4 in. long; petiole 2-4 in. long. Peduncle as long as leaf, few or many- flowered; cor. white or yellowish, 1 in. long, campanulate funnel- shaped. Caps. ½ in. diam.; enclosed in persistent hairy sepals; seeds brown, glabrous.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=M. gallabatensis= _Hallier f._

Herb with only one long-stalked leaf, which is ovate-oblong, subcordate, 4 in. long, irregularly lobed. Peduncle longer than leaf; cymes dense, many-flowered; cor. about ⅔ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=M. xanthophylla= _Hallier f._

Trailing or climbing herb, clothed with yellow-brown hairs. Leaves pinnately 5-9 lobed, 2½ in. by 2 in., shallowly cordate. Peduncle 1-2 in. long; cymes few-flowered; cor. whitish, ½ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=M. angustifolia= _Hallier f._

Twiner. Leaves linear, auricled and hastate at base, 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, 1 in. long; cor. pale yellow, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, etc.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, etc.).

=M. pinnata= _Hallier f._

Trailing or twining annual, hairy all over. Leaves pinnately divided to the midrib, 1 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts linear; cor. yellow or white, small. Caps. hairy, ¼ in. diam.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=M. emarginata= _Hallier f._

Trailing herb with a long, woody root. Leaves orbicular or reniform, ½-1 in. broad. Fl. 1-2 axillary, sessile; cor. yellow with dark eye, small. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous.

Kassala Prov. (Gedaref); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda to Barboi); Mongalla Prov. (Nuer-land).

=M. convolvulacea= _Dennst._ OWARIDA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Slender twiner. Leaves subcordate or 3-lobed, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1 to many, cymose; peduncle ¼-2 in. long; cor. yellow subcampanulate, ⅓ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. with 5 violet lines. Caps. ovoid-globose, ¼ in. diam.

Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal (Wau) & Mongalla Provinces.

The Arabs at Meshra El Zeraf believe that if the barrel of a gun be held over the smoke of a fire made with the roots of this plant, it will in future shoot straight.

620 =Calonyction speciosum= _Choisy._ Moon-flower.

Stout climber; stems smooth or with fleshy tubercles. Leaves cordate- ovate, long acuminate, 4-6 in. long; petiole about as long. Peduncle as long as petiole, 1-6 flowered; 3 outer sepals abruptly aristate, ab. ¾ in. long; cor. white, salver-shaped, opening at night; tube cylindric, 3-4 in. long; limb 4-6 in. diam. Caps. large, ovoid, 1 in. long; seeds dark brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).

=C. muricatum= _G. Don._

Wide-climbing twiner, stems with fleshy spine-like tubercles. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4-5 in. long. Peduncle short or long, 1-6 flowered; pedicel much swollen in young fruit; cor. pale rose or lilac, opening at night; tube 2-2½ in. long, passing into a funnel-shaped limb, 2 in. diam.; cap. globose up to 1 in. diam; seeds 4, white (?or brown).

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

621 =Astrochlæna lachnosperma= _Hallier f._ UM GHALEILA (Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect perennial with stellate hairs (as others in this genus), hairs white. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 1½-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary or umbellate; cor. purple and lilac, ¾ in. long, funnel- shaped. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.; seeds 4, hairy.

Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Red Sea Prov. (near Akik).

=A. Volkensii= _Dammer._

Herb, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, 1½-3½ in. long; petiole ½ in. long. Fl. axillary, cymose; cor. lilac with carmine centre; ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds 4, hairy.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj to Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, on ironstone).

=A. Engleriana= _Dammer._

Herb, stellate hairs ferruginous. Leaves ovate, undulate, with dense white tomentum beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled. Cor. probably lilac, 1¼ in. long, funnel-shaped.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Moru-land.

=A. malvacea= _Hallier f._

Erect or decumbent perennial. Leaves ovate, 2-5 in. long, white tomentose beneath. Peduncle 1 in. long, 2-5 flowered; cor. purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds 4, black.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=A. Stuhlmannii= _Hallier f._

Erect or trailing herb, with matted tawny hairs. Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Fl. in corymbose panicle; cor. lilac with purple tube, 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds black, hairy.

Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 5,200 ft.).

622 =Lepistemon africanum= _Oliv._

Herbaceous climber with bristly pale-brown stinging hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-6 in. long, irregularly sinuate. Cymes many-flowered; cor. white; tube ½ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. Caps. ovoid, hairy, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

623 =Jacquemontia capitata= _G. Don._

Short twiner. Leaves ovate, ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense rusty villous heads; cor. bright blue, ab. ½ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (common); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé & Madi).

624 =Convolvulus Hystrix= _Vahl._

Erect undershrub; branches short, hairy, ending in spines. Leaves oblong, ½ in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile; cor. ab. ½ in. long, little longer than calyx.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., & Soturba); Berber Prov.

=C. microphyllus= _Sieber._ MURMIT (N. Kordn.) & GHUBEYRA—Arab.

Bushy herb. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, ½ in. long; radical leaves narrowly spathulate, 1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 together from upper nodes of stem; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. pinkish-white, ab. ½ in. long, funnel-shaped, hairy outside. Caps. globose.

North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat; Dongola Prov. (near Wadi Allangi & Wadi El Arab); Berber Prov. (Wadi Selem); Kordofan Prov. (North, Safia).

=C. Deserti= _Hochst._ & _Steud._

Small, shrubby herb. Leaves lin.-oblong, up to 1¾ in. long, hairy. Fl. 1-2 together, axillary along the stem. Cor. ab. ½ in. long, funnel- shaped.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N.L.).

=C. rhyniospermus= _Hochst._

Small trailing or tufted herb, brown, hairy. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary along the stem, solitary or clustered, enclosed in foliaceous bracts; cor. ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. globose, beaked, ¼ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).

=C. glomeratus= _Choisy._

Stiff, bushy herb or climber. Leaves lanceolate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. in dense globose rusty-hairy heads; bracts foliaceous, ¾ in. long; sepals 5, 2 outer larger, fulvous; cor. pale-rose, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. to Khor Tamanib).

=C. arvensis= _Linn._ MUDDEYD—Arab.

Slender twiner. Leaves ovate-hastate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on long peduncles; cor. deep-rose, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

White Nile.

The plant is said to be eaten by goats and cattle.

=C. fatmensis= _Kunze._ ULLEYA—Arab.

Diffuse herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, auricled, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1-2 on axillary peduncles; cor. white with brown stripes, under ½ in. long, hairy outside. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.

Kordofan Prov.

625 =Evolvulus alsinoides= _Linn._

Bushy herb. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, hairy. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; cor. bright blue, rarely white, funnel-shaped, ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, forked. Caps. globose, minute.

North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40-80 m. N.E. of Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

Used as febrifuge and tonic.

=E. nummularius= _Linn._

Small trailing herb; stems shortly hairy, rooting at the nodes. Leaves orbicular, ab. ½ in. diam. Fl. few, solitary in axils of leaves; sepals ovate, ciliate; cor. white, deeply lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps globose, ⅙ in. diam; seeds 2-4, black or brown.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lehsi River); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=E. agrestis= _Schwfth._

Tufted or climbing annual with reddish hairs. Leaves lanceolate, ¾-1½ in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered, bearing characteristic hairs; bracts linear; sepals ciliate-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.; seeds black.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

626 =Seddera virgata= _Hochst._ & _Steud._

Much branched, virgate undershrub with white appressed hairs. Leaves sessile, distant, linear, ½-1 in. long. Fl. in sparse racemes at end of branchlets; sep. obovate; cor. broadly funnel-shaped, ¼ in. long, with hairy mid-petaline area; styles 2, almost from base. Caps. globose, ⅙ in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, J. Waratab, Suakin); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. arabica= _Choisy._

Much-branched virgate undershrub with yellowish pubescence. Leaves subsessile, elliptical, ab. ½ in. long. Fl. usually solitary, axillary; sep. small, elliptic to obovate; cor. ⅓ in. long, limb ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, free from the base.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib).

627 =Dichondra repens= _Forst._

Pubescent, trailing perennial, rooting from the nodes. Leaves reniform, ¼-1 in. broad, more or less silky; petioles long. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx minute, pilose; cor. yellow, deeply 5-fid., minute; stigmas capitate. Caps. 2-lobed, 1-seeded.

Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).

628 =Cressa cretica= _Linn._ EL HĀD (N. Kordn.), NADAWE, ABU HOSABA, MULLEY, SEBAKH & NU’EM—Arab.

Low, shrubby perennial. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ⅙ to ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense bracteate spikes at end of branchlets; calyx hairy, minute; cor. ab. ¼ in. long; styles 2, free. Caps. ovoid, minute, 1-seeded.

Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kordofan (Shersha, on salt pans).

The plant is used as a tonic.

629 =Cuscuta planiflora= _Ten._ Dodder.

Leafless parasitic twiner with pink stems; germinates in the ground, but later sustains itself entirely on the juices of its host. Fl. in dense globose sessile clusters; fl. pentamerous pale-pink or whitish, globose- urceolate, very minute.

Red Sea Prov. (coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft., Suakin 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, high altitudes).

=C. arabica= _Fres._

Differs by smaller flower-clusters.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. (Kamlin).

=C. obtusiflora var. cordofana= _Engelm._

Stems stouter, bright yellow.

Kordofan Prov.

=C. hyalina= _Roth._

Stems slender, almost translucent. Fl. minute, stalked, cymose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov.

=SCROPHULARIACEÆ.=

630 =Aptosimum pumilum= _Benth._

Dwarf tufted herb. Leaves usually alt., linear, 1-3 in. long, scabrid- pubescent. Fl. solitary or several axillary; cor. white outside and blue inside, 5-lobed; st. didynamous. Caps. globose, emarginate, compressed at apex.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kon); Darfur Prov. (48-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher).

631 =Anticharis arabica= _Endl._

Glandular-pubescent annual, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lin.-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. pink, viscid, ¼ in. long, lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, 1-celled. Caps. narrowly ovoid, beaked, ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin J. Waratab, Soturba); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg).

=A. linearis= _Hochst._ NIDEIĀNA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect glandular-pubescent annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, up to 2 in. long. Fl. solitary on ½ in. long axillary peduncle with 2 bracts above middle; calyx deeply 5-cleft; cor. white, under ½ in. long; lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, anther-lobes basally acuminate; stigma bifid. Caps. ⅓ in. long, beaked or acuminate.

North Sudan (coast region, between Suakin & Berber); Banks of the Nile north of Khartoum; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Bara); Darfur Prov.

632 =Verbascum Ternacha= _Hochst._ Mullein.

Tall herb with dense white or yellowish woolly tomentum. Lower leaves oval or oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole 1-2 in. long; upper leaves smaller subamplexicaul. Panicles 18 in. long, branches 6-12 in. long, spreading; fl. clustered along the branches, 5-merous, rotate; cor. yellow, ¾ in. diam.; filaments bearded. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Dongola, Red Sea & Darfur Provinces.

633 =Linaria hastata= _R. Br._

Herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, linear to lanceolate, hastate, ½-1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, ab. 1 in. long; calyx 5-partite, small; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, with small spur; st. 4, didynamous, woolly; stigma emarginate; caps. ovoid, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Hakeko, Port Sudan District).

=L. Bentii= _Skan._

Densely glandular pubescent undershrub, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves subopp. below, alt. above, ovate to triangular, cordate, ⅓ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; cor. 2-lobed, spurred, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose-ovoid, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=L. nubica= _Skan._

Glandular-pubescent, subscandent annual. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, triangular to ovate, broadly cordate, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. 2-lobed and spurred, under ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. ovoid, pubescent, small.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft.).

=L. ægyptiaca= _Dum._

Low, bushy shrublet, covered with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, ¼ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellowish; pedicels ½ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,500 ft.).

=L. sagittata= _Hook. f._

Subscandent or procumbent perennial. Leaves linear to lanceolate, sagittate or hastate or cuneate, ¼-2 in. long. Fl. axillary; peduncles ¼-½ in. long; cor. yellow, pilose outside, bilobed, ¾ in. long, spur ½ in. long; filaments densely pilose. Caps. globose, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, Wadi Omareg, between Suakin & Erkowit, Dongonab).

634 =Schweinfurthia pterosperma= _A. Braun._

Herb, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-spathulate to lin.-oblong, up to 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx small, 5-partite; cor. ¼ in. long, gibbous at base, 2-lipped, white, pink at throat. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. diam.; seeds with 6 subwinged ridges.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & coast region, J. Waratab); Between Suakin & Berber.

635 =Scrophularia arguta= _Ait._

Branched, glandular-pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 in. long; petiole ½-1 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; calyx 5-fid, minute; cor. ventricose, 5-lobed, 1 lobe larger, hardly exceeding calyx, deep-red. Caps. ovoid, beaked.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, & 21° N.L.).

636 =Antirrhinum Orontium= _Linn._

Glandular hairy herb, up to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., linear to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite; cor. 2-lipped, rose with purple veins, ¼-¾ in. long, tube gibbous. Caps. obliquely ovoid, up to ½ in. long, hispidly hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. and other places); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

637 =Sutera glandulosa= _Roth._

Small diffuse viscid-pubescent herb. Leaves ovate or oblong, incised- dentate, pinnatifid or dissected, ¼-1 in. long, lower opp., upper alt. Fl. in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, white, tube not dilated, lobes small, 2 smaller; st. 4, included; style shortly 2-lobed. Caps. ovoid, minute.

Near Wadi Halfa (between Korosko & Derr); Dongola Prov. (Debba); Near Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs).

638 =Lindenbergia abyssinica= _Hochst._

Glandular-pubescent or pilose perennial. Leaves opp. or upper alt., broadly-ovate, cuneate to subcordate, ½ in. long, coarsely crenate- dentate. Fl. in leafy terminal, secund racemes; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, postichous lip 2-lobed, antichous 3-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅓ in., pubescent.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, Wadi Omareg).

639 =Stemodia serrata= _Benth._

Small branched viscid glandular-pubescent herb. Leaves opp. or verticillate, rather crowded, oblong or lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, serrate above middle. Fl. crowded in leafy spike-like racemes; bracts 2, near calyx, which is 5-partite, ¼ in. long; cor. bluish, slightly longer than calyx, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower shortly 3-lobed. Caps. ¼ in. long, 4-furrowed.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kurun); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka woodstation).

640 =Limnophila gratioloides= _R. Br._

Marsh herb, usually 5 in. high. Leaves verticillate and opposite, submerged leaves in filiform segments, upper gland-dotted, linear to elliptic-oblong. Fl. axillary on ½ in. long glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx 5-partite, glandular, small; cor. white, ab. ⅓ in. long; st. 4, each pair or only lower pair of anthers cohering. Caps. minute.

White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Debeiker to Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & mouth of Bahr El Arab).

641 =Moniera calycina= _Hiern._

Gland-dotted glabrous herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp., lanceol. to ovate, 1¼ in. long, crenate-serrate, solitary; calyx 5-partite, ¼ in. long, larger in fruit; cor. white, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower deeply 3-lobed. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ellipsoid, gland- dotted.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukutu).

=M. floribunda= _T. Cooke._

Small gland-dotted scabrid herb. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in pairs; calyx 5-partite, ab. ¼ in. long; cor. blue or violet with yellow throat, ⅙ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir in Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza woodstation).

=M. punctata= _Skan._

Small glandular-punctate herb; stem quadrangular. Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, sessile, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; calyx under ¼ in. long; cor. ⅙ in. long, shape as above. Caps. globose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Aggada & Jur Ghattas).

642 =Dopatrium luteum= _Engl._

Aquatic herb, up to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves strap-shaped, ½-1 in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. showy, yellow, ab. 1¼ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-partite; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. subglobose, under ¼ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=D. tricolor= _Engl._

Herb, 1½ ft. high. Radical leaves crowded, linear, 1½-2¼ in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. tube ½ in. long, whitish, upper lip violet, ¼ in. long, emarginate, lower lip violet with yellow central lobe, under ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

643 =Mimulus gracilis= _R. Br._

Erect herb, up to 20 in. high; stem narrowly 4-winged. Leaves opp.-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, ¾-2 in. long, amplexicaul, sometimes denticulate. Fl. solitary, axillary on ped., 2 in. long; calyx 5-angled, dentate, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. white or light pink, over ½ in. long, unequally bilabiate. St. 4, didynamous. Caps. obovoid, ¼ in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kurra, 5,200 ft.).

644 =Craterostigma Schweinfurthii= _Engl._

Perennial 6 to 18 in. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves opp., 3-nerved, elliptic-lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Fl. terminal, subcapitate; calyx nearly ¼ in. long, 5-angled, 5-toothed; cor. violet, over ½ in. long, 2-lipped, upper suborbicular, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments arching and with gibbous base; anthers cohering in pairs; stigma somewhat funnel-shaped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lessi River).

645 =Torenia spicata= _Engl._

Dwarf herb with narrowly 4-winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, unequal above, lanceolate, up to 9 in. long. Lower fl. axillary, upper in spike- like racemes; calyx ⅙ in. deeply 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. pink, blue or white, ⅙ in. long, upper lip 2-fid, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments toothed at base, arched. Caps. ovoid, under ¼ in.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Jur Ewet: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

=T. parviflora= _Buch.-Ham._

Straggling herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves opp., ovate to or.-lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, serrate-crenate. Fl. solitary or 2-6 fascicled; calyx ⅓ in., 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. white to purple, over ⅓ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ⅓ in. long, oblong.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

646 =Lindernia lobelioides= _Engl._

Herb, ½-1 ft. high, much like a small _Lobelia_ in appearance. Leaves opp., linear, 1 in. long, upper unequal. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. deep blue, nearly ½ in. long, upper lip ovate truncate, lower 3-lobed; st. 4, filaments arched, toothed at base, anthers cohering. Caps. linear-oblong, ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ewet, Bongo-land: Gir & Lessi River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=L. debilis= _Skan._

Prostrate small herb. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, up to ½ in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary in upper axils; calyx 5-ribbed, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, upper lip purplish, emarginate, lower 3-lobed, yellow, streaked purple. Capsule oblong, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

647 =Ilysanthes parviflora= _Benth._

Small herb. Leaves opp., ovate to oblong, up to ½ in. long, gland- dotted. Fl. axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. violet, blue or white; tube cylindrical ab. ¼ in. long, upper lip bifid, lower spreading, 3-lobed; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. ovoid.

Dongola Prov. (Island near Debba); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Roseires, Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Gir).

=I. trichotoma= _Urban._

Dwarf herb with short, stiff branches. Leaves opp., linear-oblong, ⅓ in. long, sessile, otherwise much as above.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi rocks).

=I. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._

Small herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves linear, under ½ in. long. Fl. in a loose raceme; cor. lilac, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill & Ibba River).

648 =Scoparia dulcis= _Linn._

Herb or undershrub. Leaves opp., ternate or verticillate, lin.- to elliptic-lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long, serrate above middle, punctate. Fl. axillary, solitary or geminate; calyx minute, densely glandular, 4-lobed; cor. white, ⅛ in. long, rotate, 4-lobed, densely bearded at throat; st. 4; caps. ovoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur River); Bahr El Jebel (Shambe, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, Mongalla Prov.); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

Used in native medicine throughout Tropical Africa.

649 =Veronica Anagallis= _Linn._ HABAQ—Arab.

Glandular-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, sessile, 1-3½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes 2-3 in. long in upper axils; calyx 4-partite, minute; cor. blue or pinkish, 4-partite, limb spreading, lobes of 3 sizes; st. 2, exserted. Caps. orbicular, minute.

Dongola Prov. (Nile banks between Old Dongola & Korti); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sheikh Talha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

650 =Alectra communis= _Hemsl._

Very scabrid herb. Leaves ovate-triangular, coarsely dentate, about 1 in. long. Flowers subsessile in the leafy bracts. Calyx lobes pectinate- ciliate.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid-Robo 8,300 ft.).

651 =Buchnera capitata= _Benth._

Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear to oblong- lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile, scabrid. Fl. in terminal short dense spikes, ¼-1⅓ in. long; fl. in axils of bracts and bracteoles; calyx 5-toothed, ⅙ in. long; cor. white, ¼ in. long; tube curved, slender, pilose, lobes subequal, 5. Caps. ovoid, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Merdgan’s Zeriba).

=B. hispida= _Ham._

Hispid herb, 6-20 in. high. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 3 in. long (upper oblong-lanceolate to linear) toothed, scabrid. Fl. in 6 in. long spikes, bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long, densely hispid; cor. ab. ½ in. long, tube cylindric, lobes 5, obovate, short; st. 4. Caps. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in. long.

Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-7,000 ft.).

652 =Striga orobanchoides= _Benth._ NAR or NUR EL ASSAD—Arab; DAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Much branched herb, 3-18 in. high, parasitic on roots of some Leguminosæ, etc. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate, up to ½ in. long. Spikes terminal; fl. bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼-½ in. long; cor. white, purple or red-brown; tube ½ in. long, bent and inflated, limb 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. St. 4, didynamous, anthers 1-celled. Caps. ovoid-oblong ¼ in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).

Parasitic on _Cissus quadrangularis_, _Indigofera_ sp., etc.

=S. aspera= _Benth._ =var. Schweinfurthii= _Skan._ TU—Krej.

Herbaceous hispid and scabrid root-parasite, growing on Dura. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear, ½-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, lax-flowered up to 8 in. long; bracts and bracteoles hispid; calyx nearly ½ in. long, 5-toothed, uppermost tooth smallest; cor. pink, tube ½ in. long curved and inflated, upper lip obovate emarginate, 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Deim Zubeir).

Parasitic on Dura.

=S. Forbesii= _Benth._