Chapter VI: Part 6

Diœcious tree or shrub. Leaves alternate, elliptic, 3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, margin remotely repand denticulate; pet. ½-1¼ in. long, stout. Male racemes crowded in leaf-axils, about 2 in. long; calyx 5-6 lobed, minute; pet. 0; stamens 5-6 free; disk-glands large, fleshy. Female racemes solitary or geminate, axillary, about 3 in. long; cal. lobes ovate, imbricate; disk cupular, short ovary ovoid, styles 2, short, bilobed. Flowers ovoid, ¼ in. long, purple.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Assika River).

Wood yellowish white, works well, density 0.651; suitable for joinery.

236 =Hymenocardia acida= _Tul._ GARE & GERE—Bongo; KWANGE & GARA—Golo; AKAN—Jur; BAGBODI—Zande.

Tall, diœcious, apetalous shrub; branchlets rusty puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, up to 3½ in. long. Male flower in catkin-like spikes, up to 2½ in. long; cal. cupular, shortly 5-lobed, pinkish; stamens 5; anthers with a golden gland on the back near the top. Female flower in axillary short racemes; calyx 5-8 partite, pubescent; ovary glabrous, winged; styles 2. Fruit 2-winged, much like that of a small maple.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gurgus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Dinka & Mittu-lands); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. southwards).

The bark yields a red tan; it is also used by the Bongos as an antiseptic.

237 =Drypetes (Cyclostemon) Mildbrædii= _Hutchinson._

Large diœcious, apetalous shrub; bark light-grey; branchlets angular, puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, shortly acuminate, 4-8 in. long, midrib and lat. nerves pubescent. Flowers fasciculate on 2-year-old wood; pedicels very short. Male flower sep. 4, suborbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; stamens 10, free, inserted round the fleshy, lobed disk. Female flower sep. 4, a little larger than male; disk annular, thick; ovary slightly bilobed; stigmas flat, 2-fid.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).

238 =Phyllanthus inflatus= _Hutchinson._ =sp. nov.=

Leafy branchlets arising from short scaly branchlets. Leaves ovate- elliptic, 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, glaucous. Fruit large, bladder-like, 1½ in. long, crustaceous; stalks ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Kagi Ko, Yei River).

=P. reticulatus= _Poir._ KOROPONGO—Golo.

Erect or scrambling, monœcious, apetalous shrub, at length nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, ½-1¼ in. long; stip. lanceolate, acute. Male flower small, axillary, fascicled; sep. 5, ovate-elliptic, 1-nerved; stamens 5, 2 or 3 of the filaments connate, the others free and shorter; disk-glands 5, obovate. Female flower solitary or few; sep. as in male and disk also; ovary depressed globose; styles 3 short, erect. Fruit ¼ in. diam., fleshy or coriaceous.

Berber Prov. (Atbara: El Leya, Zeidab); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Haddad); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).

The roots yield a red dye. The leaves have diuretic and cooling properties.

=P. floribundus= _Muell. Arg._

Armed monœcious trailing or climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, mucronate, ¾-3 in. long. Racemes fascicled in axils of branchlets, up to 2 in. long, bearing clusters of 2-3 male and 1 female flower. Male flower sep. 5, oblong, minute, disk-glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower sep. soon deciduous; disk cupular; ovary ellipsoid; styles 4-5, bilobed. Fruit depressed globose, small.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).

=P. discoideus= _Muell. Arg._

Shrub to tall tree, diœcious. Leaves ovate-elliptic to obovate- oblanceolate, 1-4 in. long. Male flowers numerous, in axillary fascicles; bracts large orbicular, deciduous; sep. 4, obovate-oblong, very small; disk fleshy entire; stamens 4, free. Female flower axillary, geminate; sep. 4, larger than male; disk fleshy; ovary ellipsoid. Capsule 3-4 lobed, ⅓ in. diam.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=P. capillaris= _Schum._ & _Thonn._

Whitish pubescent monœcious shrub, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, ⅓-1 in. long, glaucous beneath. Male flower axillary, fascicled; pedicels ¾ in. long; sep. 5, minute, obovate; glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower mostly solitary; sep. 4-5, ovate- elliptic, minute; disk saucer-shaped; styles 3, bipartite. Fruit depressed, globose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=P. nummulariæfolius= _Poir._

Small monœcious shrub. Leaves obovate or rounded-obovate, ¼-¾ in. long, otherwise as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land): Sueh River & Mt. Baginze); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=P. pentandrus= _Schum._ & _Thonn._

Woody monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or lin.-lanc., up to ¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower leaves, 2-3 together; sep. 5, ovate, glands 5, flat; stamens 5, free. Female flower solitary in axils of upper leaves; sep. and disk as male; styles shortly bifid. Capsule depressed-globose, minute.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad, Obeid, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).

=P. amarus= _Schum._ & _Thonn._

Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or elliptic, ⅙-½ in. long; one male and one female flower in each leaf axil. Male flower sep. 5, ovate, minute, glands small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower sep. larger than male; disk 5-lobed; styles 3, short, bifid. Capsule depressed 3-lobed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).

=P. maderaspatensis= _Linn._

Erect monœcious herb or undershrub; flower branchlets almost winged. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 1½ in. long; stip. lanceolate and auricled about ⅛ in. long. Male and female flower sometimes together in leaf axils, or female solitary, much larger than males; ped. 1/12 in. Male flower, sep. 6, oblong-lanceolate, minute; disk-glands 6, flat; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower, sep. 6, 2-seriate ovate-elliptic; disk of 6 flat glands; styles 3, bifid. Capsule 3-lobed, ⅛ in. diam.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: woods north of Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

An infusion of the leaves is used for headaches. Cattle eat the leaves.

=P. prostrata= _Welw._

Small prostrate, monœcious herb. Leaves elliptic, spinescent at apex, ¼ in. long. Male flower axillary and geminate in lower parts; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands 6, orbicular; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts; sepals 6, in 2 rows oblong; disk annular; styles 3, bifid. Capsule depressed globose, ⅙ in. diam.

Khartoum Prov.

=P. odontadenius= _Muell. Arg._

Monœcious annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves oblong, ⅓-¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower leaf-axils, few together; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands minute; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper leaf axils; sep. 6, biseriate, larger than male; disk annular crenate; styles 3, bilobed. Capsule enclosed by whitish persistent sepals.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=P. Niruri= _Linn._ ERGANA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect branched monœcious herb, 1 ft. high, with fine feathery foliage. Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-½ in. long. Male flower solitary in lower parts of branchlets; sep. and glands 6 resp., small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts of branchlets; sep. 6, larger than male; disk flat, about 10-toothed. Capsule globose- trilobed, 1/10 in. diam.

Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol): Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

The leaves are used medicinally for various disorders.

=P. rotundifolius= _Klein._

Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves rounded-obovate, under ½ in. long. Two or three male and one female flower together in each axil. Male, sep. 6, glands 6; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female, sep. larger than male, ovate; disk crenulate, small; ovary depressed globose.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.).

239 =Fluggea microcarpa= _Blume._ DABALAB (Blue Nile)—Arab; MALI—Hameg; BUGGULTYEN (Dilling)—Nuba.

Diœcious, apetalous shrub or small tree, growing in moist ground. Leaves alternate, elliptic or obovate, obtusely pointed or emarginate, up to 2½ in. long. Male flowers numerous in axillary fascicles; ped. ⅙ in.; sep. 5, unequal, largest 1/12 in. long, obovate; disk-glands large and fleshy with 3 or 4 depressions on outside; stamens 5, free. Female flower also in axillary fascicles, numerous; sep. as male; disk annular; ovary ovoid; styles 3, connate at base, bilobed, rarely absent. Fruit white, depressed globose about ⅙ in diam.

Kassala Prov. (Gendua River & Goz Regeb); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga & Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land); Bahr El Jebel.

Wood reddish-yellow, close-grained, strong and durable. The bark is astringent and is used as a fish poison.

240 =Croton lobatus= _Linn._ UMDILEIDMĀN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tall monœcious woody herb. Leaves digitately 3-5 partite, 1-4 in. long, alternate, crenate, pet. up to 4 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, up to 5 in. long, bearing female flower below, male above, 2 ft. to each bract. Male flower, sep. 5, greenish, minute; pet. 5; stamens 10-13. Female flower, sep. 5, ¼ in. long, lin.-lanceolate, glandular-hairy; pet. 5, represented by a minute hair each; disk shortly 5-lobed; styles 3, free, 6-7 lobed. Capsule ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); White Nile Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. (between Taiara & Gefil).

=C. polytrichus= _Pax._

Shrub? Monœcious; branchlets rusty tomentose. Leaves oblong-ovate or obl.-elliptic, acuminate, biglandular at base, 1-2 in. long, stellate pubescent. Racemes stellately pubescent terminal, 4 in. long, upper ⅔ male, female below. Male flower, sep. 5, minute; pet. 5, minute; disk- glands fleshy, suborbicular; stamens 15. Female flower, sep. 5; pet. a tuft of hairs; disk undulately lobed; styles 3, bilobed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

=C. niloticus= _Muell. Arg._

Diœcious shrub; stems and branches clothed with scaly pubescence. Leaves dimorphic—of the young branchlets broadly ovate or ovate-rhomboid, 2-4 in. long, digitately 5-nerved; of the older branches 1 ft. long and broad deeply cordate, 7-nerved; pet. 1-6 in. long. Male flower not known; female racemes axillary and terminal, 3½ in. long; sep. 5, minute; pet. 0; disk saucer-shaped, fleshy; styles deeply bilobed.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. gratissimus= _Burch._ NIMARDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba.

Large monœcious shrub, twigs and under surface of leaves covered with silvery scaly tomentum. Leaves alternate ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Racemes terminal, up to 2½ in. long, bisexual. Male flower, sep. and pet. 5, ovate 1/10 in. long, scaly; disk-glands thick, opposite the sepals; stamens 10-5. Female flower, sep. and pet. 5; disk minute; ovary densely clothed with fringed scales. Capsule ⅛ in. long, slightly 3-lobed.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Talodi: Um Qualeet).

A decoction is drunk for malaria, and also used as a massage lotion in cases of fever.

=C. leuconeurus= _Pax._

Monœcious tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2-5 in. long, crenate-serrate with short stipitate glands between the teeth. Racemes terminal, interrupted. Female flowers few, mixed with males. Male flower hairy; sep. and pet. 5, 1/10 in. long; glands small and fleshy; stamens about 18. Female flower, sep. 5, pet. rudimentary, pilose; disk fleshy; ovary globose densely tomentose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).

241 =Jatropha tuberosa= _Pax._

Monœcious, 1-2 ft. high; root tuberous. Leaves sessile, upper deeply 3-lobed, 6 in. long, lower lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, serrulate. Cymes terminal, dichotomous. Female flower terminating each axis, male lateral; bracts ¼ in. long, glandular-toothed; sep. 5, pet. 5, all minute; glands 5; stamens 8 in 2 series, 3 inner filaments connate. Female flower, sep. and pet. 5, larger than male; disks 5-lobed, lobes toothed; styles bifid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Mangob).

=J. melanosperma= _Pax._

Monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves deeply 3-lobed to subentire 2½-6 in. long, serrulate. Cymes small; flowers crowded, much as above; seeds black, shining ¼ in. long; the bracts are smaller and eglandular.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land).

=J. lobata= _Muell. Arg._

Monœcious undershrub, about 1 ft. high. Leaves digitately 3-5 lobed, 1½-3 in. long and broad, serrate. Cymes few-flowered, 1 in. diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, gland-toothed; sep. and pet. minute, gland-toothed; glands small; stamens 8. Female flower, sep. and pet. larger than male; disk 5-lobed. Capsule ½ in. long, buff-coloured.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, etc.); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gumbara).

=J. aceroides= _Hutchinson._

Small shrub. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, 1-4 in. long, coarsely dentate. Cymes few-flowered. Male flower, sep. 1/10 in.; pet. 1/5 in. long; glands large round contiguous; stamens 8; filaments partially connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. 0; disk deeply 5-lobed. Fruit not known.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, Khor Gwob).

=J. Curcas= _Linn._ HABB-EL-MELUK (Egypt)—Arab.

Sappy shrub. Leaves 5-lobed or entire, ovate-rounded, 3½-5½ in. long and wide; pet. 3-7 in. long. Cymes shorter than leaves. Male flower, sep. 1/7 in. long; pet. 2/9 in. long, pilose within, connate below; disk- glands cylindric; stamens 8, 3 inner connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. ¼ in. long, pilose; disk deeply 5-lobed. Capsule ellipsoid, 1 in. long.

Introduced: Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir, planted by Marchand); Bahr El Jebel.

It is used as a hedge-plant. The seeds are poisonous and act as a violent purgative. An oil is extracted from the seeds which is used for making soap.

=J. glandulosa= _Vahl._

Shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves 3-lobed, orbicular in outline, 1-2½ in. long and wide, hairy, glandular-dentate; stip. reduced to a mass of sessile glands. Cymes 2 in. diam.; bracts glandular-toothed. Male flower, sep. pubescent, glandular-toothed, minute; pet. 1/5 in. long, connate lower ⅔; disk-glands fleshy; stamens 8, filaments connate half-way. Female flower, sep. pubescent, gland-toothed; pet. 0; disk 5-lobed, fleshy.

Between Suakin & Kassala (J. Iskeneib).

=J. gallabatensis= _Schweinfth._

Shrub, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves simple to 3-lobed, 2-3 in. long; fimbriate- glandular-serrate; stip. fimbriate, glandular. Cymes terminal, 1¼ in. diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, stipitate-glandular. Male fl.: sep. toothed, minute; pet. ⅙ in. long; disk-glands flat; st. 8, 3 inner connate. Fem. fl.: sep. glandular-fimbriate, ⅙ in. long; pet. 5, ¼ in. long; disk 5-lobed. Seeds pale, ⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=J. Schweinfurthii= _Pax._

Densely tomentose herb. Leaves 3-lobed to middle, 3-6 in. long, serrate. Cymes corymbose; peduncle up to 3 in. long. Male fl.: crowded; sep. and pet. 5, small, obovate; disk-glands obovate; st. 8, 3 inner connate. Fem. fl.: sep. lanceolate, pubescent outside, small; pet. free, ⅙ in. long, disk 5-lobed. Caps. tomentose, ½ in. long; seeds ⅓ in. long, shining.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=J. æthiopica= _Muell. Arg._

Soft, fulvous-haired herb, 9 in. high. Leaves 3-partite, up to 4 in. long and broad, sharply serrulate; stip. glandular-fimbriate. Cymes 1½ in. diam. on 1½ in. long, stout peduncles. Male fl.: sep. small, toothed above; pet. free, small; st. 8, free. Fem. fl.: sep. ⅙ in. long, fimbriate; pet. 1/5 in. long, free; disk 5-lobed, ovary ellipsoid.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).

242 =Manniophyton africanum= _Muell. Arg._

Diœcious shrub or climber; branches scabrous-stellate. Leaves alt., from ovate to 2-3 lobed, 3½-6 in. long; basal nerves 5; pet. up to 4 in.; stip. rigid, subulate, small. Male panicles solitary or 2-3 together in upper axils, up to 10 in. long, rough stellate-hairy; fl. clustered; calyx lobes 5 triangular, ⅛ in. long; pet. 5 connate, glabrous, 1/7 in. long; disk glands small; st. 17-20, free. Fem. panicle smaller and fewer flowered than male; cal. as male; cor. tomentose outside; disk absent. Caps. deeply trilobed, ab. 1 in. long, rusty hairy.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Um Yuru River).

243 =Caperonia serrata= _Presl._ LASAKWA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

An erect, monœcious, hispid annual. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long, glabrous or nearly so. Racemes axillary 2-4 in. long, nearly glabrous; upper fl. male, lower fem., all solitary to a bract. Male fl.: calyx lobes 5, ovate-triangular; pet. 5, spathulate- oblong, subequal; st. 10, connate below, 2-seriate above, disk 0. Fem. fl.: sep. 8-10, unequal, inner larger; pet. 5, shorter than inner sep. Caps. ¼ in. wide; accrescent sepals 1/10-1/8 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).

244 =Chrozophora plicata= _A. Juss._ =var.= (α) =typica= _Prain._ TERBA (Blue Nile), AKASA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GHANEM (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Prostrate branching herb, with thick root stock. Leaves nearly orbicular or subtrilobed, margin undulate, plicate, ab. 1 in. long, woolly. Racemes monœcious, axillary dense, upper fl. male. Male fl. calyx 5-lobed valvate; pet. 5, pink; st. 12-15 connate below, 3-seriate above. Fem. fl.: calyx 5-lobed, pet. 5; disk-glands alt. with petals. Caps. 3-coccous, red-purple, ⅓ in. wide, pubescent.

Nubia; Dongola Prov.; On river banks and depressions on cotton soil in most parts of the Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, Abu Surga); White Nile Prov. (Geteina & Salati); Kordofan Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer District).

=var.= (β) =obliguifolia= _Prain._

Leaves up to 2 in. Petals yellow.

Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (near Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

The fruit yields a blueish dye. A strong fibre is yielded by this plant but it is not easily detachable. The seeds and leaves have purgative properties.

=C. oblongifolia= _A. Juss._

Bushy white or tawny herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate-rhomboid or oblong to lanceolate, margins sublobed, 1-4 in. long. Racemes as above. Male fl.: calyx as above; pet. yellowish-white; st. 5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. fl. much as above, but pet. linear. Caps. 2-coccous, blue-purple, ½ wide, scaly and with fringed margins.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (hills & sea-coast).

=C. brocchiana= _Vis._ =var.= (α) =typica= _Prain._ AGASSIR (Kordn.) & TARBA (Darfur)—Arab.

Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves rhomboid or ovate, ¾-1½ in. long, margin undulate, often 3-lobed, velvety. Racemes very dense, sessile. Male fl.: calyx pubescent; pet. yellow; st. 5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. fl.: sep. and pet. ¼ in. long. Caps. 3-coccous, white, tinged violet, ⅓ in. wide, scaly.

Nubia; Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kassala Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad, Goghan); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

=var.= (β) =Hartmanni= _Schwfth._ ATTARR (Kordn.)—Arab.

Leaves rather larger, 1-2 in. long, margin distinctly 3-lobed; long spreading stellate hairs on both surfaces.

Berber Prov. (Saggaddi); Between Atbara & Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov.

245 =Manihot utilissima= _Pohl._ BABWA (sweet var.) & BAZMANGI (bitter var.)—Zande.

The Manioc or Cassava.

Shrub or tall woody herb with tuberous roots and 3-7 lobed leaves.

Cultivated on the Bahr El Jebel and the southern portion of the Bahr El Ghazal.

It is cultivated for its tubers which are eaten when cooked. The juice of the uncooked tuber is poisonous. The tubers also yield tapioca.

246 =Cephalocroton cordofanus= _Hochst._

Monœcious undershrub, highly aromatic when young. Stems and leaves stellate- and often glandular-pubescent when young. Leaves alternate, ovate-cordate, dentate, ½-2 in. long. Male perianth 4-lobed, hairy, st. 8; fem. perianth 4-lobed, lobes bi-tri-pinnatipartite, ovary 3-lobed, tomentose, styles 3, many times divided.

Nubia; Kassala Prov. (North of Meharrakat & Gedaref, Matamma); Atbara River (Hillet Idris); Fung Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

247 =Erythrococca bongensis= _Pax._

Diœcious, apetalous shrub, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., short-petioled, ovate, base cuneate, margin obscurely crenate, 1-2 in. long; stipules accrescent, usually spinulose. Male fl. minute, in sessile glomerules; per. 3-lobed; sta. 9-12; fem. fl. not known.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).

=E. africana= _Prain._

Diœcious shrub; bud-scales persistent. Leaves alt., short-petioled, ovate, acuminate, 2-2½ in. long, margin faintly crenate; stipules minute, scarious. Fl. small, in slender-peduncled racemes. Male fl. per. 4-lobed, green; st. 24, filaments shorter than anthers. Fem. fl. per. deeply 2-lobed. Ovary usually 2-celled; stigmas connate at base, papillose. Caps. didymous, rarely 3-coccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=E. flaccida= _Prain._

Shrub or small tree; bud-scales persistent. Leaves ovate, acuminate, base cuneate, denticulate, pubescent; stip. scarious, minute. Fl. small, in slender-peduncled racemes, male up to ½ in. long, female 1¼ in. long, 12-16 flowered.

Male per. 4-lobed; st. ab. 34; fem. per. 2-lobed; ovary 2-celled, stigmas linear-ovate, at length recurved. Caps. didymous; seeds with red aril.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

248 =Micrococca mercurialis= _Benth._

Sparingly hirsute annual, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., except the lowest, petioles ½-⅔ in. long; limb oblong or ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, margin bluntly toothed. Racemes slender, axillary, 2-3 in. long. Male fl. minute, per. 3-lobed; st. usually 6, 2-seriate, sometimes up to 20, multiseriate; fem. per. 3-partite; styles short, fimbriate. Caps. 2-4-coccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomo on the River Lessi).

249 =Acalypha Grantii= _Baker_ & _Hutchinson._

Shrub ab. 6 ft. high, probably diœcious. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate to caudate, rounded or subcordate, digitately 5-nerved at base, 2-2½ in. long, coarsely serrate; pet. ½-1¼ in. long; stip. linear, deciduous. Male fl. not known. Fem. spikes terminal, ab. ¾ in. long; bracts small, minutely toothed; sep. 3, ovate, ciliate above; ovary 3-celled, pilose above; styles 3, purple, deeply laciniate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=A. paniculata= _Miq._

Monœcious herb, 2-5 ft. high; stems densely pilose above. Leaves ovate, subcordate or truncate and 5-nerved at base, sparingly bristly on both sides, coarsely crenate-serrate, 1½-3½ in. long; pet. 1-3½ in. long; stip. subulate. Male racemes solitary, axillary, 2½-5 in. long; buds small, 4-lobed; st. 8? Fem. fl. in terminal oblong panicle 6-8 in. long; branches simple up to 2½ in. long, a few male fl. at the base of each; sepals 5; ovary slightly 3-lobed with wart-like lumps; styles deeply 4-6 partite.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=A. senensis= _Klotzsch._

Monœcious shrub or undershrub; stems angular or deeply grooved, usually hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually acuminate, cordate and 5-nerved at base, serrate, 1¼-7 in. long; pet. ½-1¼ in. long. Male spikes axillary, ¾-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes terminal, ¾-1¼ in. long; bracts suborbicular, deeply 7-10 toothed; sep. 4; ovary 3-4 lobed; styles 3-4, slightly connate at base, purple, slightly laciniate, ab. ½ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=A. ornata= _Hochst._

Monœcious undershrub or woody herb; branches somewhat grooved and hirsute. Leaves ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, coarsely serrate, sparingly pilose on nerves, 2-4½ in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. subulate. Male infl. axillary, solitary, slender, 1½-2 in. long. Fem. infl. terminal, solitary, 2-3½ in. long; bracts ovate-rhomboid, acuminate, ¼ in. long, 1-flowered, toothed. Ovary 3-lobed, pilose above; styles 3, laciniate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gindua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- land: Kulenjo).

=A. villicaulis= _Hochst._

Monœcious herb from a woody root stock; stems angular hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, hirsute, acuminate, cordate and 5-7 nerved at base, crenate-serrate, 1½-4½ in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long, hirsute, often with 2 glands at apex. Male infl. axillary, solitary, peduncled, 1½-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes 1-3 together at end of each shoot; bracts small, toothed, pubescent; sep. coriaceous ovate, pilose on back. Ovary densely pilose; styles 3, laciniate, ab. ⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the Gendua River); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=A. fruticosa= _Forsk._ RIKTUDA—Rashida; MŪT—Hadendowa.

Shrub. Leaves alt., ovate, shortly acuminate, usually abruptly cuneate, also 3-5 nerved at the base, crenate to serrate, up to 4 in. long and bearing golden-coloured glands on lower surface. Infl. axillary, up to ½ in. long, consisting of 2-3 unilateral dentate bracts each containing a solitary fem. fl. and of a very short terminal male spike; ovary with golden glands; styles 3, much branched.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Bahr El Jebel.

The leaves are used in India as a stomachic in dyspepsia and in cholera.

=A. brachystachya= _Hornem._

Slender monœcious annual, 6-12 in. high. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate or rounded and 5-7 nerved at base, serrate, ½-1½ in. long; pet. ½-1¾. long. Infl. bisexual, short, axillary, solitary or geminate, of 6-9 fem. fl. below, and male fl. in short, dense terminal cluster; axis pubescent. Fem. bracts tripartite; sep. 3; ovary bristly; styles slender, laciniate.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=A. psilostachya= _Hochst._

Herb or undershrub; stems hirsute when young. Leaves ovate or rhomboid, acutely caudate, rounded or cordate and 5-7 nerved at base, 2-3½ in. long, serrate, bristly on both surfaces. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, 1-3 in. long, of 3-4 fem. fl. near the base, otherwise male. Fem. bracts 5-lobed; sep. 3, ovate; ovary hirsute; styles 3, ¼ in. long, laciniate.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

=A. hochstetteriana= _Muell. Arg._

Monœcious annual, up to 2 ft. high, sparingly hairy. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, slightly acuminate, 3-5 nerved at base, ¾-3 in. long, crenulate, pellucid-dotted. Male spikes solitary in each leaf axil together but separate from a solitary fem. fl. Male fl., sep. 4. Fem. fl., bract small, saucer-shaped; sep. 3; ovary warted; styles short, laciniate.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=A. ciliata= _Forsk._

Monœcious herb, ab. 3 ft. high; stem grooved, shortly pubescent. Leaves ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, 1½-4½ in. long, crenate-serrate, slightly scabrous; pet. 1-3½ in. long. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary or in pairs, ¾-1 in. long, with ab. 10 fem. fl. in the lower part, upper part male, spicate. Fem. bracts suborbicular, laciniate- toothed, ribbed; sep. 3, small; ovary slightly pubescent; styles 3, slender, laciniate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=A. glomerata= _Hutchinson._

Erect branched herb; stem sulcate pubescent with short and with gland- tipped hairs. Leaves ovate- to rhomboid-elliptic, obtuse, 5-nerved at base, 1-2½ in. long, crenate, rough-pubescent; pet. quite as long as leaves. Infl. monœcious, crowded in clusters at ends of branches. Fem. bracts small, sub-reniform, with 8-10 triangular gland-tipped teeth, crowded; sep. 3, ciliate; ovary 3-lobed, pubescent; styles short, slender, divided almost to the base.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai & Gir).

=A. crenata= _Hochst._

Annual, up to 18 in. high; stem grooved, short-pubescent. Leaves ovate, 5-nerved at base, 1-2 in. long, crenate, glabrous; pet. at least as long as leaves. Infl. bisexual; fem. fl. crowded at base and a few abortive ones at tip, male fl. in between, few. Fem. bracts ciliate, not gland- tipped; ovary pilose, styles 3, laciniate, slender.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov.

=A. indica= _Linn._

Erect, almost unbranched herb, up to 3 ft. high, shortly pubescent and angular. Leaves lanceolate- to rhomboid-ovate, acute, cuneate and 5-nerved at base, 1-2½ in. long, serrate, glabrous except on nerves; pet. usually longer than blade. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, or in pairs, up to 2½ in. long with 1-7 distant fem. fl. below and few terminal male fl., with 1 abortive fem. fl. at tip. Fem. bracts 1-2 flowered, suborbicular, up to ⅓ in. broad, with 10-12 triangular teeth; sep. 3; ovary deeply 3-lobed, pilose; styles short, laciniate.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

The roots, leaves and tender shoots are used in India for various disorders. The juice of the plant is esteemed as an emetic for children.

=A. bipartita= _Muell. Arg._

Climbing shrub, branches angular. Leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded or subcuneate and digitately 15-nerved at base, 1¼-2½ in. long, serrate, densely pubescent on nerves below; pet. ½-¾ in. long, pubescent. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, pedunculate; ped. ab. 1 in. long with a fem. 2-fl. bract slightly above middle, upper part male, spicate, 1-1½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

250 =Lepidoturus laxiflorus= _Benth._

Diœcious shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, acuminate, rounded and 3- (rarely 5-) nerved at base, 3-5 in. long, closely crenate, shining and glabrous above, long hairy on nerves below; pet. 1-1½ in. long. Male spikes numerous from below the leaves, at length 2-3 in. long; bracts scarious, ovate; calyx usually 4-lobed; st. 8, filam. slightly connate at base. Fem. spikes few-flowered; calyx 3-5-sect; ovary 3-celled, pubescent; styles long, slender, simple; capsule 3-dymous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Linduku River & Kulenjo).

251 =Alchornea cordifolia= _Muell. Arg._

_A. cordata_ Benth.

Shrub or small tree, erect or half-climbing. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 4-8 in. long. 3-6 in. broad, subentire, with a gland in the axil of each nerve at the base. Male spikes in copious axillary panicles. Styles 2. Fruit puberulous.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=A. glabrata= _Prain._

Shrub or tree, up to 40 ft. high. Leaves alt., almost subsessile, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, narrowed to base, entire or crenate, 4-6 in. long, with 1-2 pairs of glands at or near the base below. Infl. diœcious. Male spikes panicled, terminal; calyx 4-lobed; st. 8 or less, free or slightly connate at base. Fem. spikes simple, terminal; calyx- lobes usually 4 (to 6); caps. 3-celled, smooth, ⅓ in. across; styles simple, linear.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).

252 =Neoboutonia macrocalyx= _Pax._

Diœcious tree, up to 65 ft. high. Leaves cordate-orbicular, 5-7 nerved at base, 8 in. long, hoary-stellate and sparsely lepidote on nerves beneath; stip. lanceolate, under ½ in. long. Male fl. copiously panicled, nearly ¼ in. across; calyx 2-fid, stellate pubescent; sta. ab. 30, connective of anther with a terminal gland. Fem. fl. in simple or sparingly branched racemes, ¾ in. wide; sep. 5, accrescent, connate below; styles 2-fid, rather broad; caps. 3-coccous, ½ in. across. Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=N. canescens= _Pax._

Diœcious tree, 25-40 ft. high; twigs rusty-scurfy. Leaves petioled, orbicular-cordate, acute, entire, 5-7 nerved at base, 4-8 in. long, sparingly stellate-scurfy on main nerves above, beneath closely adpressed scurfy. Male fl. copiously panicled; calyx glabrous; sta. ab. 20, filaments hardly longer than anthers; connective usually with 3 apical glands. Fem. fl. in copiously branched racemes, small; ovary with tufts of stellate hairs; styles narrow with 2 linear lobes. Caps. 3-coccous, brown-scurfy, ¼ in. across.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

253 =Mallotus oppositifolius= _Muell. Arg._

Diœcious shrub, 6-12 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-acuminate or acute, cordate or obtuse and 3-nerved at base, 6-7 in. long, somewhat sinuate- dentate, rusty-stellate on nerves and glandular beneath. Racemes axillary, rachis rusty-pubescent. Male 4-5 in. long; fl. glomerate; calyx 4 (-5) valved; sta. numerous, free, purple. Fem. in fl. 2½-3 in. long; sep. 4-5; ovary 3-celled, globose; stigmas plumose. Caps. 3-coccous, ¼-⅓ in. wide.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Dar Fertit: Biri River near Deim Zubeir, Bongo-land: Baiko); Belgian Congo (Niamniam- land: Diagbe River).

254 =Macaranga Schweinfurthii= _Pax._

Armed diœcious shrub to lofty tree; spines on stem and branches. Leaves alt., ovate, shallow lobed, irregularly toothed, 6-18 in. long; base narrowly deep-cordate and with a pair of glands at junction with petiole; pet. 8-16 in. long; stip. ovate, 1¼ in. long. Male fl. in lateral panicles, fascicled in axils of fallen leaves; sta. 2-5. Fem. fl. in short lateral racemes; ovary glabrous, 2-3 celled; stigmas spreading; caps. 2-coccous; cocci ½ in. across.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru & Diagbe Rivers).

255 =Ricinus communis= _Linn._ =var. genuina= _Mull. Arg._ HURUA or KHIRUWI—Arab; BULLAS—Hadendowa; BOMBŌR (Dilling) & PWA (Kadugli)—Nuba; HOLLOLA or SHUNSHUMUT—Hameg; FAP—Nuer; BUNGA—Zande. The Castor-Oil Plant.

Tall herb or shrub, with deeply 7 or more lobed palmate leaves. Fl. in large pyramidal panicles, males below, fem. above. Caps. prickly; seeds mottled.

Semi-wild on river banks; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.

The seeds yield the Castor-Oil of commerce. The leaves, pounded into a paste, are applied externally for headaches.

=var. africana= _Muell. Arg._

Fruit with only few prickles.

Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kōn).

256 =Dalechampia scandens= _Linn._ =var. cordofana= _Muell. Arg._ DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf) & ABULISEIG (N. Kordn.)—Arab; GADIANG (or AGADIANG) (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Slender, monœcious climber; stem pubescent; leaves deeply 3-5 partite; lobes rather wide-oblong, acute or obtuse; base cordate, 5-7 nerved; length 2-5 in. Fl. in dense, long peduncled axillary heads, subtended by a pair of yellowish, ½-¾ in. long and broad bracts.

Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Khartoum Prov. (J. Malakhit); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid to Melbes); Upper White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor, Dinka-land).

It is used for scorpion stings.

257 =Tragia cannabina= _Linn. f._ DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; MADIAB-DIAB (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Sub-erect or rambling herb, 2-5 ft. high, sometimes hispid with white, stinging hairs. Leaves alt., deeply 3-partite, sometimes 5-partite at base, sometimes without lateral lobes, central lobe oblong, 2½ in. long, margin lobulate; nerves bristly; pet. ¼-½ in. long. Racemes bisexual, leaf-opposed, 1-2 in. long on naked, bristly 2-3 in. long peduncles; male fl. rather lax, numerous, fem. fl. 2-3 below the male; bracts lanceolate, small. Male sep. 3, ovate; sta. 3. Fem. calyx segm. 6, with dense white bristles, accrescent later. Ovary bristly; styles 3, connate in lower half. Caps. 3-coccous.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé and Bari country); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=var. Brouniana= _Prain._

Herb, 4-6 in. high, hispid, and with white, stinging hairs. Leaves short-petioled, deeply 3-partite, narrow-lanceolate, central lobe 2 in. and lateral ½ in. long; margin sparingly toothed. Racemes terminal, occasionally leaf-opposed, under 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Saoleil); Up. White Nile Prov. (Kaka); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

The root is chewed and applied to scorpion stings.

=var. intermedia= _Prain._

Stems erect or sub-erect, 2-3 ft. high, glabrous or pubescent, beset with white, stinging hairs. Leaves distinctly petiolate, the lowest 3-partite, the upper sometimes all without lateral lobes, central lobe lanceolate, 3½ in. long, sparingly sharply toothed. Racemes leaf- opposed.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile (Dinka country).

=T. tripartita= _Schwfth._

Erect herb, 1½-2 ft. high, woody below; stem with sparse stinging hairs. Leaves deeply 3-partite, lobes lanceolate or lin.-lanceolate, the central one 4-7 in. long, margin subentire; pet. up to ⅓ in. long. Racemes bisexual, terminal and leaf-opposed, 2 in. long on naked peduncles 1-3 in. long; male fl. above and 1-3 fem. fl. below; bracts ab. ⅙ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).

=T. cordifolia= _Vahl._

Slender twiner, without stinging hairs, puberulous. Leaves ovate- lanceolate, long acuminate, cordate, 2½-4 in. long; margin serrate or almost fimbriate dentate, puberulous and bristly on nerves; pet. ½-2½ in. long. Racemes bisexual, terminal, rather lax, 1½-2½ in. long, with a naked peduncle ½-2 in. long. Male fl. numerous above and a solitary basal fem. fl. Pedicels, both sexes, as long as their bracts and usually solitary.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Amira); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=T. mitis= _Hochst._

Slender twiner without stinging hairs. Differs from above in being diœcious and in the male fl. being above on the raceme in 3-fl. glomerules and from middle downwards in lax 3-fl. cymules.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & near Hammad).

=T. bongolana= _Prain._

Slender climber. Leaves retrosely hispid on nerves and petioles. Male fl. twice as large as in above, otherwise much alike.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi & between Kero & Reggo).

=T. Benthami= _Baker._

Slender climber, finely puberulous and with few stinging hairs. Leaves ovate acute or acuminate, shallowly or rarer deeply wide cordate, sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long, sparingly bristly on nerves; pet. ¾-2½ in. long, bristly with stinging hairs. Racemes lateral and terminal on lateral branches, ½-¾ in. long with a naked peduncle, ¼-⅓ in. long, densely set with stinging hairs; male fl. numerous above and 2-3 basal fem. fl.; pedicels, both sexes, solitary, almost as long as the bracts.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

=T. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._

Diœcious herb from woody base, 4-8 in. high, densely pilose, without stinging hairs. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, minutely serrate, sessile or nearly so. Racemes terminal and leaf- opposed, more numerous on male plant. Male racemes 1½-4 in. long with a short pilose peduncle; pedicels shorter than the lanceolate bracts; sep. 3; sta. 3. Fem. racemes ¾-1½ in. long, with a pilose peduncle ⅓-½ in. long; fl. 3-6; pedicels longer than bracts; calyx-segm. 6, at length accrescent; styles 3, short, connate at base; caps. 3-coccous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Golo country).

=ULMACEÆ.=

258 =Celtis integrifolia= _Lam._ IBNU (Baggara), LEBINGA (Fung Prov.) or MAHAGAYA (Kordn.)—Arab; EIRĀL (Dilling) & DOMBELABAI (Fan Yan)—Nuba; BAKKA—Bari.

Large tree with smooth, grey bark. Leaves alt., shortly petioled, ovate, short acuminate, base unequally rounded, entire, 1½-3 in. long, 3-nerved. Infl. polygamous, axillary, shorter than the leaf, cymose, hermaphr. fl. above, few, male fl. below, numerous, shorter stalked; calyx 4-5 lobed; stamens 4-5, minute; stigma bifid, sometimes twice so. Drupe ovoid, globose, about ⅓ in. long.

Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Dueim); Kordofan Prov. (near Singukai); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka: Ghazal River, Mittu: Mvolo, Rohl River); Bahr El Jebel.

Wood perishable, yellowish white, density 0.750.

259 =Trema guineensis= _Ficalho._

Shrub or tree; branches hairy. Leaves alt., ovate-oblong, acute to acuminate, base unequally cordate, 2½-4 in. long, margin denticulate, basally 3-nerved; petiole short. Infl. axillary, polygamous dense; fl. 5-merous, minute. Drupe small.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).

260 =Chætacme microcarpa= _Rendle._

Shrub or small tree, armed with solitary or paired axillary spines. Leaves alt., distichous, elliptic-oblong to ovate, apiculate, 2-4 in. long. Infl. monœcious, male fl. greenish, axillary, cymose; calyx 5-partite; sta. 5; fem. fl. solitary or few; calyx 5-partite; style 2-branched; drupe globose, ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=ROSACEÆ.=

261 =Rubus sp.=

Scandent shrub. Leaves pinnate, with prickly axis; leaflets ovate- oblong, acutely acuminate, doubly serrate, 2-3 in. long, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Flowers paniculate; buds ovoid silky, with long glabrous tips.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River)

262 =Parinarium curatellifolium= _Planch._

Small or moderate-sized tree, tawny-tomentose on extremities. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 4½ in. long. Flowers terminal or from the upper axils, in panicles 3-6 in. long; calyx tube campanulate; petals 5, inserted in mouth of calyx tube; stamens 7 to many, united into a tube at base. Drupe size of a plum, edible.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Wau & Biselli).

Hard, heavy wood, light brown in colour, suitable for joinery. Fruit the size of a plum, edible.

263 =Potentilla supina= _Linn._

Decumbent herb, up to 1 ft. high, with pinnately 3-5 fol. leaves and leaf-opposed yellow flowers.

Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.

The plant is rich in tannin and is probably astringent and tonic. The root is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

264 =Neurada procumbens= _Linn._

Tomentose annual, with procumbent branches. Leaves ovate-oblong with 1-4 obtuse lobes on each side, ab. ½ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, roundish, hairy. Fruit orbicular, ¾ in. across, prickly.

Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, & 21° N.L.)

=CHAILLETIACEÆ.=

265 =Dichapetalum Schweinfurthii= _Engl._

Large shrub. Leaves obliquely oblong-elliptic, acute, the large about 6 in. by 2½ in., slightly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers axillary, clustered white or yellow, sweet smelling. Petals bilobed. Fruit globose, tomentose.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).

=CÆSALPINIACEÆ.=

266 =Cæsalpinia pulcherrima= _Sw._

Shrub with bi-pinnate leaves and orange-red flowers, with very long tassel-like stamens.

Introduced. Cultivated for its brilliant orange-red flower.

267 =Poinciana elata= _Linn._ OGOI—Hadendowa.

Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate; flowers large whitish, turning orange when fading.

Red Sea Prov.

Wood yellow, close, even-grained, easily worked, weight 45-48 lbs. per cft.

=P. regia= _Bojer._ The Flamboyant or the Gold Mohur Tree.

Large tree, frequently flowers before the leaves appear. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate; pinnæ 8-20 pair. Flowers large. Introduced. Highly ornamental.

268 =Parkinsonia aculeata= _Linn._ SESABAN (wrongly named)—Arab.

Small spiny tree. Leaves bi-pinnate; secondary petioles abruptly pinnate, somewhat flattened; leaflets small. Flowers yellow; pods constricted between the seeds. Throughout the Sudan (Introduced).

269 =Cassia Kotschyana= _Oliv._ SENNA & UMKATSHU—Arab; GAFELE & BOYEH—Golo; OKIL—Jur; RATU—Zande.

Small tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate; flowers in long drooping panicles, showy, yellow; pods cylindrical, up to 2 ft. long and ab. ½ in. in diameter, break transversely.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

=C. occidentalis= _Linn._ ’SORIB (Baggara) & SENNA—Arab; ASHASHI (Dilling) & ASHASHINI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.

Semi-woody herb, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves abruptly pinnate; rachis 4-6 in. long, with a gland at base; leaflets 4-5 pair, narrow with acute apex. Flowers yellow; pod linear, slightly compressed between the seeds.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.

The leaves, roots, and seeds are used medicinally, i.e., pounded leaves for healing fresh wounds, the seeds in ringworm, and the root as diuretic. An infusion of the leaves is considered useful in bilious fevers. The seeds toasted, and ground, are used as a substitute for coffee.

=C. Sieberiana= _DC._

Small tree, glabrous or extremities puberulous. Leaflets 6-14 pair, ovate-elliptical, up to 3½ in. long. Racemes 4-18 in. long; bracts present during flowering; flowers yellow; 3 stamens longer than the other 7. Pod sub-cylindrical, elongate.

Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.

Wood very hard and heavy, fibrous, yellow ochre colour, density 0.818. Difficult working, suitable for joinery, cart building. Resistant to pests.

=C. Arereh= _Del._ GARADAYA (Fung)—Arab; KAFA—Burun; UMFLOGORU—Hameg; GAFELE—Golo; MASISI—Bongo.

Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, ovate to lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, reticulately-veined, 2½ in. long. Racemes terminal short; bracts present at flowering time; petals yellow; 3 stamens longer than the rest. Pod cylindrical, up to 20 in. long and 1 in. in diam., dehisces longitudinally showing numerous dissepiments.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Chak Chak); Mongalla Prov.

=C. Tora= _Linn._ HEREISHAH—Arab; KAITELANG (Dilling)—Nuba; KIAR (Mongalla)—Dinka.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3-pair, obovate, with a gland on the rachis between the lowest one or two pairs. Flowers yellow, solitary or in pairs; pod 6-8 in. long, thin, quadrangular, curved when young.

Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Agade); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

Has similar properties to _C. occidentalis_ Linn. (above).

=C. obovata= _Collad._ SANNA or SENNA EL KELB—Arab; AMBARKI—Hadendowa; ALL’A (Dilling)—Nuba.

Bushy herb. The flat pod has a series of crested plaits on its sides. Leaflets 3-7 pairs, obovate to oblong. Racemes axillary, bracts rotundate, ovate; 2 anthers longer than the rest.

Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov., and most parts of the Northern Sudan.

The leaves are occasionally mixed with those of the true Senna.

=C. holosericea= _Fresen._

Shrubby and velvety. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, ovate to oblong, 1 in. long. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Pod 1½ in. long, broadly falcate.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Seterri, South of Suakin); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=C. didymobotrya= _Fres._

Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaflets 8-16 pairs, oval-oblong, apex rounded, mucronate, base obliquely rounded. Racemes 5-12 in. long, from upper axils, flowers packed at first in imbricate, caducous bracts. Pod linear-oblong, 3-4 in. long.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. acutifolia= _Del._ SENNA or SENNA EL RIF (N. Kordn.) & SENNA MEKKA—Arab.

Undershrub. The flat pod has no crest on its side. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, oval to lanceolate, acute. Racemes from axils of upper leaves, much longer than the leaves; pods broadly oblong, slightly curved, without crest on the sides, ab. 2 in. long.

North Sudan; Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile, Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.

The pods and leaves constitute the true Alexandrian Senna of commerce.

=C. Absus= _Linn._ HABBAT EL AIN (N. Kordn.) & HAB EL AIN (Port Sudan)—Arab.

Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high, covered with bristly glandular hair. Leaves small; rachis swollen at the base and with a gland between every one of the 4 pairs of leaflets, which are broadly oval or obovate-oval; pod 1-2 in., hairy, linear, ab. ¼ in. broad.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

The seeds are used for ophthalmia and the ringworm.

=C. mimosoides= _Linn._

Shrubby. Leaflets very small, linear, unequal sided, usually 10-80 pair; flowers yellow; pod linear, ab. 2 in. long, slightly pilose.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid & Tekele); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

=C. nigricans= _Vahl._ SURIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Erect herb, up to 5 ft. high, somewhat similar to above. Leaflets small, 8-18 pair; flowers very small. Pod linear, ab. 2 in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan Prov. (near Rahad); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.

=C. goratensis= _Fresen._

Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, oblong to obovate-elliptic, rounded both ends, pubescent, 1½ in. long, with inter-petiolular glands. Flowers corymbose, crowded at ends of branches; petals yellow, large, unequal. Pods constricted, up to 4 in. long.

Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (near Gigging).

270 =Bauhinia fassoglensis= _Kotschy._ KARAUERAU—Arab; PAJ (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka & Jur; USIN—Golo; KORA—Hameg.

Scandent shrub. Leaves bilobed, like a camel’s foot, up to 4½ in. broad. Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal racemes, 1 ft. long; calyx strongly keeled; cor. white; stamens 10, of which usually only 2 perfect.

Kassala & Blue Nile Provinces (Sennar to Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).

=B. rufescens= _Lam._ KULKUL—Arab; TARWARA (Dilling)—Nuba.

Small tree, with smooth, white bark. Leaves bilobed, small, usually under 1 in. diam. Flowers white, small, fragrant, in terminal racemes or corymbs; calyx spathaceous; stamens 10, perfect. Pod linear, coriaceous, curved, up to 3½ in. long.

Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Darfur Provinces.

Wood hard, homogeneous, close and fine grained, density 0.713, light brown in colour, used in carpentry. The bark is employed for making ropes, and also for tanning leather. As with other species of this genus various parts are used in native medicine.

=B. reticulata= _DC._ ABU KHAMEIRA, TAMBAREIB & KHARUB—Arab; KUBUY (Dilling); KIRKONGAW (J. Eliri), BĀSIGSI (Kadugli) & KADAWDO (Rashad- Talodi)—Nuba; POFFEH—Bari; PAI (Renk) & PAJ (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; PAJ—Jur; KWIELIA or USIN—Golo; MUGGAL—Hameg; DANG & NGWAIN—Nuer; FOICHA—Burun; DAGPA—Zande.

Small tree; young parts rufous. Leaves large, bilobed. Flowers numerous; calyx rufous; petals white. Pod long, flat, somewhat twisted, glossy, dark brown, up to 1 ft. long and 3 in. broad.

South of Lat. 13° N.

Wood rather hard, light brown in colour, density 0.707, homogeneous, works easily, but is seldom of useful size, it makes poor fuel. Ropes and clothes are made from the bast fibre by Golo-women. The seeds are eaten. A decoction of leaves is used as a gargle for toothache. From the roots a mahogany-coloured pigment is obtained.

=B. variegata= _Linn._ Camel-foot tree.

Moderate-sized tree, with bilobed leaves and axillary racemes of purple and cream-coloured flowers. Pod 6-18 in. long, linear, flat.

Introduced. Grown in gardens.

271 =Isoberlinia sp.= KOBBO—Bongo.

Leaflets, 4 pairs, ovate, oblique, 5-6 in. long, 3 in. broad, reticulate. Flowers paniculate. Sepals velvety. Bracts small, deciduous. Fruits woody. Seeds orbicular, flat.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).

272 =Berlinia acuminata= _Solander._ ERIANGA & KOBA—Dinka; KA & AKKA—Golo; KOBA—Jur; KAWBAW—Bongo.

Large tree with rough, exfoliating bark; occasionally forms pure crops. Leaves large, abruptly pinnate; leaflets 3-6 pair, 3-9 in. long. Pods up to 15 in. long and 3 in. broad, flat, olive green, velvety, curling up spirally after dehiscing. Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

Wood fibrous, density 0.649, light brownish yellow in colour, works well, but is readily attacked by insects. Useful for small furniture, boats, carts, etc.

273 =Pahudia (Afzelia) africana= _Smith._ RIANG—Dinka; PO—Golo; BEI—Jur; PAWE—Zande.

Very large tree. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 6-10, glossy, alternate. Pods up to 9 in. long and 3 in. wide, thick, woody, splitting into two flat, boat-shaped halves; seeds black, surmounted by orange-coloured aril at the base.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (near Mongalla).

Timber reddish, resembling Mahogany, strong, somewhat coarse-grained.

274 =Daniellia thurifera= _Bennett._ KELA—Bongo; BELIN & SHANDA—Dinka; BU or BINDA—Golo; SHANDA—Jur; BOVOTODE—Zande.

Very large tree, with a clean bole, up to 50 ft. before branching; bark smooth, light grey. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, coriaceous, 2-7 in. long. Pods flat, broad-falcate, 1-seeded, the seed being attached by a long, thread-like process to a membrane, which acts as a parachute in disseminating the seed.

Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.

Timber light, streaky brown, moderately hard, light, density 0.505, coarse-grained, works easily, but readily attacked by insect pests; useful for light furniture, packing cases, knife handles. Good firewood. The tree yields a Frankincense (the Ogea gum of Sierra Leone) which exudes from holes made by boring insects or by tapping, and is collected and sold for body perfume. Bee-hives are made from strips of the bark.

275 =Tamarindus indica= _Linn._ ARDEIB—Arab; SHEKERE (Dilling), KUASHI (J. Eliri) & DANUFI (Kadugli)—Nuba; BASHA & PATTA & (fruit), KITTEH—Bari; SHOWI (Renk & Bahr El Ghazal), SHWAI (Mongalla), TCHUWOI (Goz El Siada) & SHWAYAI (Kaka)—Dinka; SHWAH—Shilluk; KUAR & KWAT—Nuer; YENNO—Burun; SHOWI—Jur; ARUB or WASSA—Golo; MALAT—Hameg; MAHA—Bongo; ABANZA—Zande.

Large tree with dark-coloured, fissured bark. Leaves abruptly pinnate, 3-6 in. long; leaflets small, 10-15 pair. Pod pendulous, 3-8 in. long, 1 in. broad, the inner pericarp consisting of a red, acid pulp; seeds brown, hard.

Southern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

Fruit called TAMR HINDI by Arabs, used for cooling drinks, also medicinally as laxative. The bark is said to have astringent and tonic properties. The seed yields an oil which may be used for varnish. The seed rubbed on a roughstone, with water, is a specific for carbuncular boils. The wood is hard, fibrous and heavy, density 0.777. It is rather difficult to work, but is very suitable for cabinet work as the heart- wood is beautifully mottled black and brown. It is resistant to insect pests, and is useful for carpentry, ship-building, carts, pestles and mortars.

276 =Detarium microcarpum= _Guill._ & _Perr._ ABU LEILA—Arab; GUDI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; LOYO, LOIGO or MPORO or M’BOLO—Golo; AKUTI—Jur; MALAGUTU—Bongo.

Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves pari-pinnate; leaflets 6-12, alternate or opposite, undulate-crenate. Pod disc-shaped, 1½ in. in diameter, ½ in. thick; the inner pericarp is a sweet pulp, traversed by fibrous processes from the bony endocarp.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur-land).

The sweet pulp is eaten as a substitute for sugar. The tree grows to a large size in Nigeria; its timber is one of these exported under the name of “African Mahogany.” It is grey in colour, with a fine and regular grain, density 0.779. It is hard but works well. It is very resistant to pests and lasts long under water. Very suitable for carpentry, piles, fences, joinery, etc. It exudes a fragrant resin.

277 =Burkea africana= _Hook. f._

Small tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves bipinnate, up to 3 ft. long, collected towards ends of branches; pinnæ ab. 3 pairs; leaflets 6-12 per pinna. Flowers spicate, white, at end of branches. Pod up to 2½ in. long, oblong or elliptical, flat, coriaceous.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

Wood clear brown in colour with a fine close grain, density 0.677. It splits easily and is suited to light carpentry and furniture. Not very resistant to insect pests.

278 =Erythrophlæum guineense= _Don._ KURU (Wau) & THIEPAGOK (Rumbek)—Dinka; BANGI or BEI—Golo; KOLU—Jur; IRRIK & GARO—Zande. The Red Water tree or Sass wood.

Very large tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 2-4 pairs; leaflets 6-11 per pinna. Flowers in dense spiciform panicles, small, white or pale yellow. Pod 3½ in. long and 1¾ in. broad, black, woody.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Khors).

Wood reddish brown, very heavy and hard to work, density 0.821. Close grained, fibres twisted. Suited to joinery and cabinet making. Very resistant to pests. The seeds, pods and bark are poisonous. The seeds are used by Dinkas as a test of a person’s guilt when accused of causing death by witchcraft or poison. The accused has to swallow some four of the seeds with water after these have been cut in two. If he dies he is guilty, but innocent if he is only sick.

=MIMOSACEÆ.=

279 =Parkia biglobosa= _Benth._

Tree, 50 ft. high. Leaves 9-18 in. long, bipinnate; pinnæ 14-30 pairs, with sessile glands at the base of 1 or 2 last pairs; leaflets 1-nerved, 50-70 pairs. Flowers red, in pendulous globose heads. Pods several in a bunch, 8-12 in. long, depressed between the seeds.

Upper White Nile.

Wood whitish, soft, density 0.699, medium grained, very flexible. Easily worked and suited to carpentry. The dry pulp of the pods furnishes a reddish flour containing 60 per cent. of sugar which is eaten with rice and meat; it is also used in the preparation of a fermented liquor. The bark and pods are used as a fish poison.

=P. filicoidea= _Welw._ UMRASHAD or MUDUS—Arab; AKON—Dinka; KOFO, LU or ULU—Golo; NWANA—Jur; RU—Bongo; ABONGBA—Zande.

Large tree with dark outer bark. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 6-9 pairs; leaflets 16-24 pairs, triplinerved. Flowers in dense pendulous, globose heads, ab. 1½ in. across, scarlet. Pods usually several together, flat, 8-12 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Timber white, coarse, not durable. The mealy pulp in which the seeds are embedded is eaten. The bark is used for tanning.

280 =Entada Wahlbergii= _Harv._

Slender, unarmed climber. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ 2-4-jugate; leaflets 4-18 pairs, linear-oblong up to 1 in. long. Spikes solitary or panicled; cor. reddish-brown. Pod flat, arcuate, the chord 4-6 in. long, with up to 13 articulate divisions, sutures thick, persistent after fall of the articles.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).

=E. sudanica= _Schwfth._ SESABAN (Fung), UMKASHO (Baggara) & LAYUK (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; DEZA—Hameg.

Small tree with bipinnate leaves and large pods, the woody margins of which persist after the joints containing seeds have fallen out. Pinnæ 5-8-jugate; leaflets 14-20 pairs per pinna.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.

=E. abyssinica= _Steud._

Small tree. Differs from the above by the greater number (14-18 pairs) of pinnæ and also (25-50 pairs) of leaflets in the pinnæ. Pods hardly constricted, ab. 6-12 in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

281 =Piptadenia africana= _Hook. f._

Tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 9-13 pair; leaflets 30-60 pair, small, linear; pod 9 in. long and ¾ in. broad, flat, linear; seed ¾ in. long and ¼ in. broad, narrow oval, furnished with a winged membrane nearly 3 in. long; flowers in cylindrical spikes.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=P. sp.=

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Batuka).

282 =Prosopis oblonga= _Benth._ ABU SURUG—Arab; AIRI, GALL & GIER—Bongo; JIER (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; IJI, INJI or JI—Golo; KADOL—Jur; DIGRA—Burun; ZANGARE & INGE—Zande.