Chapter XIII: Part 13

Erect herb, up to 15 in. high, scabrid. Leaves opp. or sub-opp., lin.-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, toothed, scabrid. Fl. solitary in axils of upper leaves; bracteoles linear, hispid; calyx deeply 5-lobed, scabrid, lobes lin.-lanceolate, up to ⅓ in. long, unequal; cor. pink, scarlet or yellow, tube ¾-1 in. long, sharply curved and inflated, upper lip subtruncate or shortly 2-lobed, up to ¼ in. long, lower 3-lobed up to nearly ½ in. long. Caps. oblong, ¼-⅓ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Shambé to Mongalla Prov.).

=S. senegalensis= _Benth._

Closely resembles _S. hermonthica_ and may be a small-flowered form. Cor. purple or red, tube ab. ½ in. long, upper lip up to ¼ in. long, lower up to ⅓ in. long.

Kordofan Prov. (Gefil); Upper White Nile Prov. (Dinka country).

=S. hermonthica= _Benth._ EL WEIN (Merowe), SEGAR (Meshra El Zeraf) & (more commonly) BUDA—Arab.

Branched herb, parasitic on Dura and Dukhn, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, hispid and scabrid. Spikes terminal, 6 in. long; calyx 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. pink; tube ¾ in. long, curved and inflated, upper lip 2-lobed, ⅓ in. long, lower 3-lobed, ½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). Parasitic on _Sorghum_, _Andropogon_, _Zea_, etc.).

A decoction in salt and water is applied externally for sun headache.

=S. glandulifera= _Engl._

Branched herb, 6-8 in. high, pilose and scabrid. Leaves opp. and subopp., narrowly linear, up to 1¼ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long; fl. paired; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long; cor. deep rose, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, glandular-pubescent, upper lip under ¼ in. long, slightly emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, short. Caps. oblong, 1/7 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=S. strictissima= _Skan._

Densely hispid herb. Leaves lin.- or lanc.-subulate, under ½ in. long, closely appressed in distant pairs. Spikes terminal, up to 4 in. long; fl. paired in leaf-like bracts; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. dull-pink, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, hairy, upper lip ⅛ in. long, truncate and toothed, lower 3-lobed, 1/12 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).

=S. lutea= _Lour._

Branched parasitic herb, 6-9 in. high, scabrid. Leaves alt. or opp., narrowly linear or lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-6 in. long, distant-flowered; bracts ¼ in. long, linear; calyx ¼ in. long, 10-ribbed and 5-toothed; cor. yellow, red or white, tube ab. ½ in. long, suddenly bent above, upper lip obovate, lower 3-lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps. oblong ovoid, ⅙ in. long.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

653 =Rhamphicarpa fistulosa= _Benth._

Erect branched herb, usually ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves pinn.- or bi- pinnatisect, up to 3 in. long, segments linear; fl. axillary solitary; calyx campanulate, 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. white, tube slender, 1-2 in. long; limb spreading, ½-¾ in. diam., 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. ovoid, compressed, almost 2-winged, ⅓-½ in. long.

Nile River (Island near Debba in Dongola Prov.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river from Meshra El Rek to Lake No); Niamniam-land (Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps).

=R. Heuglini= _Hochst._

Small branched herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to lanceolate, ½-2 in. long, hispid or scabrid. Fl. axillary in upper leaves, solitary; calyx tubular campanulate, ¼-½ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white to mauve, tube ab. 1 in. long, glandular, limb 1-2 in. diam, spreading, 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. obliquely ovoid ab. ⅓ in. long, beaked.

Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).

654 =Cycnium camporum= _Engl._

Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high, pilose. Leaves lanc. to oblong- lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate-serrate. Fl. usually opp., supra- axillary; calyx tubular, ½-⅔ in. long, campanulate in fruit, 10-ribbed, hispid; cor. white or pale yellow, tube 1¾ in. long, glandular, gibbous, limb 1¼ in. broad, spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. oblong ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the Wau River & Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- land: Nabambisso River).

=C. adonense= _E. Meyer._

Robust scabrid herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate to serrate. Fl. axillary; calyx tubular, 1¼ in. long, densely hairy, 10-12 ribbed; cor. white or lilac, tube 2-3 in. long, gibbous, glandular, limb 2-3 in. diam., spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid or elliptic, ½ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. brachycalyx= _Schweinf._

Shrubby herb, pubescent all over, 1 ft. high; stems angular. Leaves lanceolate, 2½ in. long, serrate dentate. Fl. solitary, opp., supra- axillary; calyx campanulate, 1 in. long, 3 lobes broader than others; cor. tube 1¼ in. long, limb ab. ½ in. diam., lobes 5, orbicular, spreading.

Kassala Prov. (by Gendua River).

655 =Sopubia ramosa= _Hochst._

Scabrid undershr., 2-4 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, linear or lin.-lanceolate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. terminal racemose in whorls of 3-4; cor. coppery-purple or white with purple spot at base of each lobe, ab. ½ in. long, tube short, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate; anthers 4, coherent in pairs. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: at Nganye & Bongo-land: at Sabbi); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,500-7,500 ft.).

=S. simplex= _Hochst._

Pubescent herb, branching from base, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt. or ternate, ⅙-1 in. long, appressed, scabrid. Fl. alt. or whorled in terminal racemes, up to 1 ft. long; cor. pink, or reddish-brown, under ½ in. long, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Sueh River, Mittu-land: near Kuffulu-Ku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=S. parviflora= _Engl._

Annual, 1-2 ft. high; stem 4-angled. Leaves opp., filiform, ⅓-¾ in. long, revolute, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes; cor. pale-brown, purple at throat, ⅓ in. long, lobes 5, spreading, obovate. Caps. subglobose, minute.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

656 =Micrargeria scopiformis= _Engl._

Rigid herb, 1-2½ ft. high, branching like a broom. Leaves opp., filiform, ¼-2 in. long, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes, 1-6 in. long; cor. pale purple, streaked dark purple at base of tube which is exserted and enlarged above, ab. ⅓ in. long, limb spreading, 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular ab. ⅙ in. wide.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi).

=OROBANCHACEÆ.=

657 =Cistanche lutea= _Hoffmgg._ & _Link._ ERG EL TUNDUB (Khartoum), NAR EL FIL (Atbara), ERG EL MOYA, also ERG EL SHAGAT (Fung), HALUK, TURFAS & SIBB EL ARD—Arab.

Fleshy root-parasite with spirally arranged scale-like leaves and yellow flowers; st. 4 didynamous; anthers bearded.

Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces.

Parasitic on _Capparis decidua_, _Acacia arabica_, _Zizyphus_, etc.

658 =Orobanche cernua= _Loef._ =var. Desertorum= _Beck._

Stout parasitic herb, up to 16 in. high, covered with glandular and cobweb-like pubescence and scaly leaves. Spikes cylindric, many- flowered, 8 in. long; cor. bluish-white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 2- and lower 3-lobed.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).

=O. ramosa= _Linn._ HALUK—Arab.

Slender branched herb, 1 ft. high, glandular-hairy; scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. in spikes; cor. pale-yellow with a blueish limb, ab. ½ in. long, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed.

Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum).

Parasitic on Tomatoes.

=LENTIBULARIACEÆ (Bladder-worts).=

659 =Utricularia exilis= _Oliver._

Delicate dwarf herb; stems creeping filiform; leaves narrowly spathulate or ligulate, ¼ in. long, deciduous before flowering, with small bladders attached to stem and leaves, scape 1-2 in. high, 2-3 flowered; cor. white, yellow or purple, 2-lipped, ab. ⅙ in. long; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=U. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._

Delicate twining annual. Leaves unknown. Scapes filiform, twining, up to 6 in. long; fl. up to 6, distant; cor. pale-purple, 2-lipped, spurred; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

=U. subulata= _Linn._

Herb, 3-4 in. high, giving out bladder-bearing runners verticillately from base of scape. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, rosulate at base of scape, ¼ in. long. Scape 1-6 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-tipped, spurred; st. 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas) (Sub-terrestrial).

=U. Thonningii= _Schumach._

Floating aquatic herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Stem slender bearing verticils of bladder-bearing pectinate-filiform leaves and scapes bearing near their base a verticil of up to 6 spindle-shaped floats and above 3 to many flowers. Sepals 2, enlarged in fruit; cor. pinkish, 2-lipped and spurred; st. 2.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, near Abba Island, & Lake Tura Um Kenen); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).

=U. stellaris= _Linn. f._

Much like above, but flowers yellow.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kenen); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Jur-land: Wau).

=U. reflexa= _Oliver._

Floating aquatic herb. Leaves as above but bladders larger (up to ⅙ in. long), up to 8 to a leaf. Scapes without floats, 1-6 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, spurred.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River).

=U. exoleta= _R. Br._

Small aquatic plant; stems filiform. Leaves with few slender segments or replaced by small bladders. Scapes floatless, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped and spurred. Caps. globose exceeding calyx.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, on Main River).

=U. incerta= _Kam._

Floating aquatic herb; stems long, filiform. Leaves bipinnate, pinnæ ¼ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River).

=BIGNONIACEÆ.=

660 =Spathodea nilotica= _Seem._ The African “Tulip-tree.”

Tree, ab. 20 ft. high. Leaves opp. or ternate, 5-16 in. long; leaflets 9-15, ovate-oblong, 1½-4 in. long, pubescent below. Fl. in dense terminal corymbose racemes; calyx boat-shaped, 2 in. long; cor. orange- scarlet, 3-4½ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. 8 in. long, lanceolate-oblong; seeds winged, 1 in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Manisilli Brook); Mongalla Prov.

A very handsome tree. The wood is white and very soft; density 0.363.

661 =Stereospermum kunthianum= _Cham._ KHASHKHASH & KHASHKHASH ABIAD (Fung), SAMR (Kordn.), & SUWEID (Medani)—Arab; TETERLING (J. Daier), KARII (J. Eliri), & N’DULA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LUJURUT—Bari; WULIADO (Bahr El Ghazal), & KONGGOGOI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; CHOKO—Golo; FUNNA—Burun; BARISANGO—Zande.

Tree up to 50 ft. high, with light-coloured flaking bark. Leaves opp. imparipinnate 6-14 in. long; leaflets 5-9 ovate or elliptic-oblong, 1½-5 in. long. Fl. in terminal large cymose panicles; cor. pink with carmine lines, 1½ in. long, tube funnel-shaped; st. 4. Caps. cylindric, 1-2 ft. long; seeds 2-winged.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River & Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Old Wau, Chakchak, & Niamniam-land); Darfur Prov. (Kordofan borders 13° N. Lat.; J. Marra; Kallo Kitting, 4,000 ft.); Mongalla Prov.

Timber whitish, very hard.

662 =Kigelia æthiopica= _Decne._ ABUSHUTŪR, ABU SIDRA, UMSHUTUR & MASHTURA—Arab; TIMLA (Dilling)—Nuba; KUBULI—Bari; RĀWAR (Kenissa) & RUWĀL (Jonglei)—Dinka; GAFA—Golo; NAK & LUEL—Nuer; RANGBARANGBO—Zande. The “Sausage-tree.”

Large tree. Leaves ternate, pinnate; leaflets 7-11, oblong-elliptic or obovate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long. Fl. in long pendulous, lax panicles. Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped 1 in. long; cor. purple-maroon, 3 in. long; st. 4 and 1 staminode. Fr. subcylindric up to 2 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, pendulous on long peduncles; seeds wingless, thick.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (many parts); Mongalla Prov.

Wood, heavy, hard, yellowish with red spots, hard to work. Branch-wood used for bows. The ashes of the fruit are considered an efficient substitute for boracic powder for cleansing wounds of animals.

=K. æthiopica= _Decne._ =var. abyssinica= _Spr._

Corolla smaller; the cylindric basal portion of tube 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).

=PEDALIACEÆ.=

663 =Rogeria adenophylla= _Gay._ SIMSIM AFRĪT (Kordn.), & SAKARAN—Arab; SUKOSUKO (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.

Stout and tall woody herb. Leaves opp., broadly obovate, more or less 3-lobed 2-4 in. long, mealy glandular, dentate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of leaves, ped. short with a gland at base of each; cor. maroon, ab. 2 in. long, tube funnel-shaped, gibbous at base, limb ¾ in. diam., 5-lobed. Caps. obliquely ovoid with 4 to 8 spines at base.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, J. Waratab); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (J. Auli); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa, Sennar); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, banks of the White Nile, El Dueim to Tonga, Upper White Nile Prov., Rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.

The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases of diarrhœa.

664 =Sesamum angustifolium= _Engl._

Tall herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate 1-3 in. long, pubescent above, glaucous below. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pink, obliquely campanulate, 1-1½ in. long, obscurely 2-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long, oblong, beaked.

Banks of the White Nile; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=S. radiatum= _Schumach._

Mealy-glandular herb. Lower leaves ovate, toothed, 2½ in. long, upper lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. purple and white, 1½ in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lowest lobe ⅓ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, shortly beaked, pubescent.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).

=S. indicum= _Linn._ SIMSIM—Arab; NIUM—Nuer; SĀRAH—Zande. Sesame.

Mealy glandular and pubescent herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves variable, the lowest 3-partite, 3-6 in. long, pet. 4-6 in., gradually passing above to lanceolate, 2-4 in. long with shorter pet.; cor. white, tinged with pink, 1 in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, with short deltoid beak.

Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Korkos Island between Berber & Khartoum); White Nile Prov. (sub-wild on rocky hills); Fung Prov. (cultivated); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

Cultivated for its seed which yields the valuable Sesame seed of commerce. Also wild or sub-wild on rocky hills near the White Nile.

=S. alatum= _Thonn._ SIMSIM—Arab.

Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves varying from 5-fol. below to simple, lin.-lanceolate above, all long-petioled. Cor. pink to carmine, spotted in throat, 1 in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lobes subequal. Caps. 2 in. long; beak slender, up to ½ in. Seeds 2-winged, wing orbicular.

Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Um Gash, & between Aguri & Taiara); Darfur Prov. (20 m. N. of Fasher).

665 =Ceratotheca sesamoides= _Endl._ WEIKAT EL BADEIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Glaucous, bushy herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid to hastate, densely mealy-glandular. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pale-lilac, throat yellow with purple lines, ab. 1 in. long, obscurely 2-lipped, lower lobes ¾ in. long. Caps. ½-¾ in. long, hairy, furnished with 2 apical horns.

White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Taiara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

It is eaten as a vegetable.

=ACANTHACEÆ.=

666 =Thunbergia affinis= _S. Moore._

Woody herb, 6-7 ft. high. Leaves opp. as in all this family, ovate, acuminate, 4½ in. long; pet. ¾ in. with 2 thorns at base. Fl. solitary, enclosed by 2 ovate bracteoles, giving a false appearance of a calyx, 1¼ in. long; calyx lobes 5 dotted with white scales; cor. tube yellow, 1¾ in. long; lobes violet, ½ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, beaked.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Naporruporru River).

=T. annua= _Hochst._

Hairy marsh herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary on short peduncle; bracteoles 2, ovate, keeled; cor. white (?), tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, ⅛ in. long; st. 4, anthers with 2 spurs at base. Caps. beaked.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).

=T. annua= _Hochst._ =var. Ruspolii= _Burkill._

More hairy. Leaves subtruncate at base; bracteoles hirsute.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).

=T. hispida= _Solm._

Hispidly white herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; bracteoles 2, ovate-acuminate; cor. white, lobes 5; st. 4, anthers 2-spurred below. Caps. 1 in. long, glandular.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: between Abwong and Nasser).

=T. alata= _Boj._

Climbing, pilose herb. Leaves ovate sagittate or hastate, 2½ in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long, winged. Fl. solitary on 2 in. long peduncles; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long; cor. tube claret-coloured 1/5 in. long; lobes 5, yellow to white, ab. ½ in. long; anthers 4, 2 upper ones 1-spurred, 2 lower 2-spurred. Caps. ¾ in. long, seeds 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=T. Schweinfurthii= _S. Moore._

Strigose herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2½ in. long, hastate. Fl. solitary, peduncles ab. 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, white with green veins. Cor. 1¼ in. long, lobes small; st. 4, 2 anthers 1-spurred.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: near Zeriba Kutshuk Ali).

667 =Elytraria crenata= _Vahl._

Dwarf pubescent herb. Leaves alt., crowded near the base, 2-7 in. long, spathulate or oblanceolate, crenate or sinuate. Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, covered with small bracts; spikes simple or compound; bracteoles 2; calyx 4-partite; cor. white or pale blue, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).

668 =Nelsonia campestris= _R. Br._

Small villous, diffuse herb. Leaves opp., elliptic, variable in size. Spikes 1-3 in. long imbricated; bracts ovate; bracteoles 0; cor. usually pale lilac or white, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; st. 2. Caps. oblong, ¼ in. long.

Fung Prov. (Roseires and Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Mvolo and Ngama, Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.

669 =Hygrophila spinosa= _T. Anders._ MASHIKA & SHUEIKA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; TĪL (or ATIL) (Meshra El Zeraf & Kenissa)—Dinka.

Bushy spiny herb, growing in marshy ground. Leaves oblanceolate, hispid, 3-4 in. long, opp. or whorled with 6 spines 1 in. long at their base. Fl. in dense axillary clusters with many linear or lanceolate bracts; cor. mauve, 2-lipped, upper one forming a hood, tube ½ in. long, lip ⅓ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4-8, placed on small brackets (retinacula) and covered with fine hairs (hygroscopic) which uncurl when wetted.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein southwards, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (several places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab and Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).

The whole plant or its ashes and the roots are used as a cooling medicine and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, rheumatism, etc. The seeds are demulcent and diuretic.

=H. cærulea= _T. Anders._

Bushy pilose herb. Leaves narrowly obovate, ½-¾ in. long, sessile. Fl. in short terminal spikes; bracts linear; calyx segments 5, filiform, ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper hooded; st. 4 unequal. Caps. ¼ in. long, many seeded; seeds as above.

White Nile Prov. (J. Musa, El Ehs); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Glet and Um Kheren).

670 =Dyschoriste Perrottetii= _O. Kuntze._

Undershr. 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3½ in. long. Fl. 3-8, clustered; bracteoles 2, lin.-oblong; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-partite; cor. ½ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. ab. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: River Tidju, Mittu-land).

671 =Ruellia patula= _Jacq._

Small shrub. Leaves in subequal pairs, ovate or elliptic, ½-2½ in. long, grey-pubescent. Cymes small, axillary, enclosed in ¾ in. long spathulate-oblong bracteoles; cor. mauve or white, 1⅓ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal, spreading. Caps. ½ in. long, club-shaped; seeds ab. 12, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Nubian coast); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).

=R. prætermissa= _Lindau._

Much as above. Leaves somewhat larger and more pointed, nearly glabrous.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, & Bongo-land: Gir & Niamniam-land).

=R. genduana= _C. B. Clarke._

Small shrub. Leaves up to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, glabrous. Caps. hairy otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).

672 =Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton= _Lindau._

Shrub. Leaves ovate, toothed, long petioled. Fl. in scorpioid, axillary, lax cymes or terminal panicles; calyx 5-part., ½ in. long; cor. tube 1 in. long, inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. under ½ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).

673 =Phaylopsis falcisepala= _C. B. Clarke._

Branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., often unequal and oblique, ovate, acuminate, up to 3 in. long. Fl. sessile in threes, in axils of large dense imbricated bracts in a close one-sided inflor.; sepals 5 of which 2 are falcate; cor. white or purplish, tube ¼ in., lobes 5, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).

=P. Barteri= _T. Anders._

Shrubby herb 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate both ends, up to 4½ in. long. Fl. in dense imbricate (strobilate) spikes 2½ in. long; calyx segments 5, from elliptic to linear; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, inflated above. Caps. and seeds as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dimo in Jur-land).

674 =Satanocrater fellatensis= _Schwfth._

Undershrub. Leaves elliptic or broad-lanceolate, 3 in. long. Fl. solitary, opp. in the leaf-axils; calyx tubular, inflated, 5-angled and 5-toothed, 1 in. long; cor. blue, tube inflated, ab. 2 in. long, lobes 5, subequal, ½ in. long; st. 4. Caps. oblong; seeds 4 discoid and hygroscopic.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Fellata village).

675 =Hemigraphis abyssinica= _C. B. Clarke._

Pubescent wiry herb. Leaves elliptic, ⅔ in. long, subsessile. Fl. in axillary clusters and quasi-terminal spikes; sepals 5, hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, tubular and 5-lobed; st. 4. Caps. cylindric; seeds 6-12, hygroscopic on stout retinacula.

Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).

=H. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._

Pubescent herb, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, tapering to both ends. Fl. much as above.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: mouth of Khor Filus); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, & Mittu-land: Rivers Roa & Wokko).

676 =Blepharis bœrhaaviæfolia= _Pers._

Procumbent shrubby herb. Leaves 4-nate in distant whorls, elliptic, 1½ in. long, sessile. Fl. in axil of terminal bract in a bracteate spike; bract ⅓ in. long, spathulate with 7-15 spines at margin; cor. blue, ½ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Roah River).

=B. linariifolia= _Pers._ BEGHEIL or UM BEGEIL—Arab.

Low growing woody herb. Leaves linear, up to 3 in. long. Bracteate spikes in the axils of the branches, 1-3 in. long; bracts up to 1 in. long, ovate abruptly pointed and recurved, with 6 brown spines; bracteoles linear; cor. deep blue, 1 in. long, 1-lipped; st. 4; anthers hairy, filaments of 2 antichous stamens bearing a horn-like appendage. Capsule ovoid; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).

It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx and of camels.

=B. edulis= _Pers._

Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 pair smaller, oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in strobilate spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between North Atbara, Khors in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.

A good camel fodder.

677 =Acanthus arboreus= _Forsk._

Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed or sub-pinnatifid, up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 in. long, by 2 in. broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as (2) bracteoles; calyx spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds glabrous.

Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli).

=A. montanus= _T. Anders._

Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but flowers and capsule larger and leaves caudate.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

678 =Barleria candida= _Nees._

Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. Seeds shaggy, hygroscopic as all in this genus.

Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills).

=B. Prionitis= _Linn._

Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually ab. 3-4 in. long with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. axillary, solitary or 2 together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, 1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, beaked, 2-seeded.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).

It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the leaves is used in catarrhal affections of children. It is also used to harden the feet and thus prevent the soles from cracking.

=B. diacantha= _Nees._

Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and about 1 in. long.

No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).

=B. trispinosa= _Vahl._ OT-HAUK—Hadendowa.

Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to 1 in. long. Fl. in terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, 2-lipped, otherwise as above.

Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).

=B. grandicalyx= _Lindau._

Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. long; interpet. spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. spinous; cor. pale blue, tube ¾ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); Upper White Nile Prov.

=B. acanthoides= _Vahl._

Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., seeds 4.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin).

=B. spinulosa= _Klotzsch._

Tomentose and glandular-hairy herb. Leaves elliptic, up to 3 in. long. Fl. in axillary compact bracteate racemes 1-8 flowered; bracts and sepals ab. ½ in. long, spine-toothed; cor. pale-blue, ¾ in. long, lobes. Caps. ½ in. long, seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

=B. parviflora= _R. Br._

Unarmed shrubby herb with appressed white hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, up to 1¼ in. long, sessile. Cymes lax, 1-3 flowered; bracts ⅓ in. long, broad lanceolate; 2 outer calyx segments ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, pubescent, beaked; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=B. eranthemoides= _R. Br._

Spiny and bushy plant, not unlike _B. Prionitis_, but cor. tube 1 in. long, linear to top; lobes 5, yellow, sub-equal, ⅓-½ in. long, not 2-lipped.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov.

=B. Hochstetteri= _Nees._

Unarmed undershrub, with minute rough hairs. Leaves elliptic, ab. 1¾ in. long; pet. short. Cymes few-flowered, lax; 2 outer calyx segments, nearly ½ in. long, ovate; cor. tube ½ in. long, lobes ⅓-½ in. Caps. nearly ½ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.

Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur).

=B. calophylla= _Lindau._

Unarmed herb, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, rounded or cordate. Infl. in 1-3 flowered axillary racemes, crowded at top into an oblong head; bracts ⅔ in. long; calyx segments varying from 1 to 1½ in. long; cor. white or pinkish, tube 1½ in. long, lobes 1¼ in. long. Caps. ¾ in; seeds 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bongo-land: Addai).

=B. ventricosa= _Nees._

Scrambling, spiny herb or undershr., 3-6 ft. high. Leaves strigose with tawny hairs, up to 2 in. long, yellowish-green. Fl. in axillary cymes forming a less dense head than above; bracts ½ in. long; sepals 5, postichous one quadrate-oblong, ½ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, blue or purple, funnel-shaped; lobes 5. Caps. ½ in. long, ellipsoid; seeds 2.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha near Dilling).

=B. Grantii= _Oliv._

Scrambling herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, hairy, dark green. Cymes 1-2 flowered, axillary and running into terminal spikes; bracts ¾ in. long, linear; postichous sepal ¾ in. long, ovate; cor. deep purple; tube ⅔ in., long, inflated, lobes ⅔ in. long. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 2.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

679 =Neuracanthus niveus= _S. Moore._

Undershrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, up to 4 in. long, white stellate- tomentose beneath. Fl. in axillary sessile ovoid heads, white-hairy; bracts ½ in. long; calyx 2-partite, antichous segment 2-fid, postichous 3-fid; cor. ⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped, lobes 5, triangular. Caps. ovoid, beaked, small. Seeds 2-4 hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

680 =Crossandra nilotica= _Oliv._

Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, up to 4 in. long. Fl. in imbricate, bracteate spikes, 1-2½ in. long; bracts ab. ½ in. long, obovate- elliptic; calyx 5-partite, postichous segment with 2 hairy teeth; cor. brick-red, tube ¾ in. long, lobes 5, ½ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, elliptic; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Itang); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=var. acuminata= _Lindau._

Tip of bracts more acute than above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: near Biselli).

=C. subacaulis= _C. B. Clarke._

Almost acaulescent herb. Leaves basal, crowded, obovate, up to 6 in. long, sessile. Fl. on peduncles up to 5 in. long, bearing loose spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-9 nerved, otherwise fl. as in above.

Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Moru-land.

681 =Asystasia coromandeliana= _Nees._

Herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 3 in. long, suddenly narrowed at base. Racemes 2-6 in. long, often forming a terminal panicle; cor. lilac to yellow or white; tube ¾ in. long, inflated; limb 5-fid; st. 4, each 1-2 spurred. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, not hygroscopic.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur (Kulme).

682 =Eranthemum decurrens= _Nees._

Herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 4-9 in. long, decurrent into petiole. Fl. 1-3 together on bracteate 4-6 in. long spikes pubescent and with stalked glands; bracts minute; sepals small, equal; cor. yellow with red centre, tube 1 in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, hairless.

Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Dimo).

=E. hypocrateriforme= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ ERG EL NIMR—Arab; MERZIS—Hameg.

Shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 3½ in. long, white- dotted. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense; cor. scarlet, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5 spreading, ½ in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1¼ in. long; seeds 4, hairless.

Fung Prov.

The root ground to a paste is given in merissa for stomach-ache.

683 =Lepidagathis scariosa= _Nees._

Herb, woody below. Leaves elliptic to ovate, 2 in. long, grey hairy beneath. Fl. in terminal ovoid heads, with soft prickles and gland- tipped hairs; cor. 2-lipped, 1 in. long; st. 4; caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (30 miles E. of Zalingei).

=L. Schweinfurthii= _Lindau._

Low herb, woody below. Leaves linear, 4 in. long, crowded at base except on 1 or more elongated leaf-bearing shoots, ab. 6 in. long. Fl. mostly in dense hairy radical heads; cor. white with purple spots, ⅔ in. long; st. 4; seeds hygroscopic.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).

=L. radicalis= _Nees._

Differs from above by more hairy, shorter and slightly broader leaves.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish near J. Eliri); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Goluberi Volcano, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. myrtifolia= _S. Moore._

Woody plant, apparently rooting on trees or rocks, ab. 2-3 ft. high; branches flexuous. Leaves elliptic, 1 in. long, subsessile. Fl. in radical and axillary dense ovoid white-hairy heads; bracts ⅓ in. long; sepals 5; cor. 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir).

=L. perglabra= _C. B. Clarke._

Glabrous except for margins of floral leaves. Leaves linear, 3-nerved, 3¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary heads.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).

=L. peniculifera= _S. Moore._

Stout woody plant. Leaves linear, 1¼ in. long, tips acute, with long white hairs. Spikes compound, 2 in. long, one-sided, 1 to 2 together; bracts dense, leathery, ovate mucronate; sep. 5, ⅓ in. long, hairy and leathery; cor. ⅔ in. long; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Reggo).

=L. Medusæ= _S. Moore._

Stout villous plant. Leaves 4 in. by ½ in., 5-nerved. Spikes unilateral, compound, 1-2 together in upper axils, 1½ in. long; bracts ovate with long deflexed white hairy tails; sepals 5, also with ⅓ in. long tails; cor. ⅔ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).

=L. laguroidea= _T. Anders._

Woody plant; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves ovate to narrow- elliptic, 2 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikes terminal, 2 in. long, not imbricate; bracts lin.-lanceolate; cor. ⅓ in. long.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).

684 =Justicia Betonica= _Linn._

Shrubby, nearly glabrous herb. Leaves ovate, acuminate to both ends, 3 in. long. Spikes imbricate, 4½ in. long; bracts somewhat 4-ranked, ovate, ⅓ in. long, white with green nerves; bracteoles similar, smaller; cor. white, rose-spotted, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, long-tailed. Caps. ½ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, rugose.

Kordofan Prov.

=J. betonicoides= _C. B. Clarke._

As above, but leaves subsessile, oblong or lanceolate, hairy beneath and on nerves above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu- & Bongo-lands).

=J. flava= _Vahl._ MAHBAB (White Nile Prov.)—Arab.

Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long, both surfaces hairy; pet. ⅔ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-8 in. long, sometimes interrupted at base; bracts ab. ½ in. long, lanceolate, containing 1-3 fl., green, hairy; bracteoles similar but smaller; sep. 5, small, hairy; cor. yellow; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, tailed. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, shortly hairy.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin & Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, Sobat: mouth of Khor Filus).

=J. palustris= _T. Anders._

Leaves oblong tapering to both ends, 6½ in. long; pet. short, otherwise much as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.

=J. insularis= _T. Anders._

Scrambling hispid herb. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 3½ in. long; pet. ¼-1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 in axil of each bract; bracts round or obovate, ⅓ in. long; cor. white with purple mark on lower lip which is 3-lobed and the longer; st. 2 as above. Caps. ⅓ in., seeds 4, rugose.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

=J. calcarata= _Hochst._

Herb with woody rootstock; branches with spreading hairs. Leaves 3 × 1 in. tapering to both ends. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; bracts ovate or elliptic, ⅓ in. long; cor. purple, otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gurfala).

=J. galeopsis= _T. Anders._

Much as _J. insularis_ but leaves oblong, subsessile, calyx more hispid; cor. purple-red or yellow.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.).

=J. sexangularis= _Lindau._

Herb, 18 in. high with 6-angled stem, scabrid hairy. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in., subsessile. Fl. 1-3 in axils of oblong bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ab. ¼ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, tubercled.

Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).

=J. Whytei= _S. Moore._

Hairy herb with stout woody rootstock. Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. hairy; seeds 4.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=J. heterocarpa= _T. Anders._

Pubescent annual, 8-20 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½ in. long; pet. ½-¾ in. Fl. in axillary clusters of 2 to many; sepals minute, white-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. of 2 kinds in same head, one 4-seeded, normal, and one 1-seeded and spinous-winged.

Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit & 21° N. Lat.).

=J. odora= _Vahl._

Undershr., 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long. Fl. solitary to 3 in axils of bracts; cor. ½ in. long, yellow. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 4 tubercular-scabrous.

Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).

=J. anselliana= _T. Anders._ ABU NUWARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ALUME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.

Weak herb, 12 to 20 in. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1¾ in. long or ovate, ⅔ in. long. Fl. 2-8 in axillary scorpioid cymes; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, wrinkled and more or less winged.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards, Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Sabbi River); Bahr El Jebel.

=J. matammensis= _Oliv._

Much like above; more pubescent and no leaves linear; cor. white.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=J. uncinulata= _Oliv._ =var. tenuicapsa= _C. B. Clarke._

Rootstock woody; branches 4-6 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate ½-⅔ in. long. Spikes axillary, unilateral with few distant solitary flowers; cor. ab. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in., slender, hispid near top; seeds 4, rugose.

Upper White Nile.

685 =Monechma hispidum= _Hochst._ SHAIIR (Goz El Siada)—Arab; TILL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; MELL—Burun.

Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3 × ¾ in., hispid-scabrous or glabrate. Spikes hispid with long white hairs, 4 in. long in fruit; bracts 1 in. long, oblong, bracteoles ¾ in.; sepals 5, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, spotted purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther-cell below the other, long-tailed, tail 2-fid. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 2 with tufts of hair at either end.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=M. bracteatum= _Hochst._ FAKHAH (Sennar, Dinder)—Arab.

Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Spikes strobilate (imbricate) 2 in. long, axillary or terminal; bracts round, ciliate, enclosing calyx which is 1/5 in. long, hairy; cor. ½ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ¼ in. long, white-hairy; seeds 2, yellow-brown.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).

=M. varians= _C. B. Clarke._

Herb with woody rootstock, up to 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long, subsessile. Spikes terminal, 1¼ in. long, dense; bracts oblong-elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles ⅓ in. long; sepals 5, glandular- hairy, one smaller; cor. ½ in. long; anthers short-tailed.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between River Biri & Deim Zubeir).

686 =Ecbolium linneanum= _Kurz._

Shrub. Leaves narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, up to 3 in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long: bracts strobilate ¾ in. long, ovate, apiculate, often pubescent; bracteoles ¼ in. long, linear; sepals 5, linear; cor. tube ab. 1 in. long, limb 2-lipped, ½ in.; st. 2, anthers nearly equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 2, rough edged.

Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Suakin, & 21° N. Lat.).

=E. Anisacanthus= _C. B. Clarke._

Small woody, densely white-hairy shrub. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, 1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 1¾ in. long, 8-12 flowered; bracts hardly imbricate, elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles minute; calyx small, 2-lipped; cor. tube ⅓ in.; limb 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. Anthers of equal height. Caps ⅓ in. long; seeds 2, yellow, smooth, shining.

Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Erkowit); Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omari).

687 =Dicliptera maculata= _Nees._

Herb, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3½ in. long; pet. 1 in. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 in. long; pedicels many, ¾ in. long; outer bract under ½ in., elliptic, pubescent; bracteoles 2; sep. 5, ⅙ in. long; cor. purple to white, deeply 2-lipped, ¾ in. long; st. 2, one anther cell above the other. Caps. small, ovoid; seeds 2 or 4.

Æthiopia.

=D. micranthes= _Nees._ RAKAB—Arab.

Tall herb; stems 6-angled; angles whitened. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikelets in dense globose heads, ½-¾ in. diam., terminal and axillary; 2 bracts of the spikelet ab. ⅓ in. long, obovate- lanceolate, suddenly narrowed into a spinescent mucro, with long white hair; bracteoles shorter, linear; sepals 5, small; cor. ab. ½ in. long, mauve. Caps. ⅙ in. long, somewhat hairy; seeds up to 4, tubercled.

Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar, Meshra El Zeraf).

=D. nilotica= _C. B. Clarke._

Herb, 4-8 in. high, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Flower heads dense, small, terminal, or the axillary heads peduncled; bracts lin.-oblong, hairy; sepals 5, small; cor. rose-purple to white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, lips unusually broad; 1 anther cell above the other.

Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

688 =Peristrophe bicalyculata= _Nees._ HERSHA (White Nile) & NA’ANA’A (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

Tall, glabrous or hispid herb, branches 4-7 angular. Leaves elliptic- lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Panicles often 12-18 in. long, very lax, much divided, spikelets with 1 perfect fl.; bracts 2, enclosing the calyx and ⅓ in. long; bracteoles 2, calyx small; cor. pale-purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther cell above the other. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, smooth or papillose.

Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Hilla Nu, Bara, etc.); Mongalla Prov.

The Plant, macerated in water, is said to be a useful remedy for snake- bite.

=P. luteoviridis= _C. B. Clarke._

Stout yellow-green herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly 4 in. long, narrowed both ends. Fl. clustered in dense spikes 3 in. long; spikelets 1-flowered; bracts and bractlets ½ in. long; calyx ⅓ in. long; cor. rose, purple spotted, 1 in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, anther cells nearly at equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 4, smooth, discoid.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Bekir & Niamniam-land).

689 =Hypoestes cancellata= _Nees._ MAHALAB (Baggara)—Arab; EMBEILU (Kadugli)—Nuba.

More or less hairy herb; stems 2 ft. high, bent at the joints. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Heads mainly terminal, 1½ in. long, in dense congested panicles, yellow, hispid; spikeless 1-flowered; bracts ½ in. long, including a linear tail; cor. red ¾ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, tubercled.

Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).

=H. strobilifera= _S. Moore._

Pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 5½ in. long. Heads terminal, 1 in. long, densely strobilate; outer floral leaves spathulate-obovate, with 1-3 spikelets under each; bracts 1/5 in.; sep. small; cor. pale-lilac, ⅔ in. long, deeply 2-lipped; st. 2; anthers 1-celled, blunt. Caps. ⅓ in.; seeds 4, tubercled.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).

=H. Forskalei= _R. Br._

Nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Infl. axillary, forming a terminal panicle; spikelets in unilateral cymes, 1½ in. long; 2 outer bracts connate; cor. mauve with purple spots in throat, ½ in. long, deeply 2-lipped, upper lip and central lobe of lower curled back; st. 2, abruptly club-shaped, filaments with purple hairs. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, smooth.

Kordofan Prov. (Abu Hefe); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra & over 6,500 ft.).

=H. verticillaris= _R. Br._ ABU FAS (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.

Stem with long and gland-tipped hairs mixed. Leaves ovate, sharply narrowed to both ends, ab. 3 in. long. Bracts fringed with white hairs, otherwise as above.

Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.

The roots are used at Meshra El Zeraf for dyeing mats.

=VERBENACEÆ.=

690 =Lantana viburnoides= _Vahl._

Erect hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate. Spikes dense, axillary, up to 1½ in. long; bracts ovate, up to ¼ in. long; calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, small; cor. white, 5-lobed, ⅙ in. long. Drupe fleshy, purple, size of a pea.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).

=L. salvifolia= _Jacq._

Hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Spikes globose to oblong, 1 in. long; bracts ovate, ¼ in. long; cor. lilac or pink, ⅓ in. long; limb patent ⅙ in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Drupe purple, edible.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Has Has & Khor Tamanib); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=L. petitiana= _Rich._

Hispid undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, ½ in. long, crenate. Heads globose, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts ovate, ⅙ in. long; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb small, 5-lobed; st. and drupe as above.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).

691 =Lippia nodiflora= _Rich._ LIBBIA—Arab.

Trailing herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves opp. or fascicled, obovate, dentate in upper half. Spikes globose to oblong, ¼ in. diam.; bracts small; cor. small, purplish.

Red Sea Prov. (coast); Khartoum & Blue Nile Provinces.

Suited for an edging plant in gardens and used for lawns.

=L. Radula= _Baker._

Woolly herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oblong, up to 4 in. long, sessile, crenate. Heads oblong, ½ in. long, several together in a terminal panicle; bracts imbricate, orbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; cor. length of bract, 4-lobed; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi River).

=L. adoensis= _Hochst._

Erect, shortly pubescent undershrub, 5-7 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 or more- whorled, oblong, up to 5 in. long. Heads globose forming a terminal panicle; bracts ovate; cor. 4-lobed, minute, white; st. 4.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Upper).

=L. citriodora= _H.B._ & _K._ LUWEIS—Arab.

Introduced (Makwar); Blue Nile Prov.

692 =Bouchea pterygocarpa= _Schauer._

White pubescent undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1½ in. long. Spikes 6-9 in. long, terminal; fl. in axil of a bract, appressed to rachis; cor. scarlet, tube ½ in. long; limb patent, lobes 5, st. 4, didynamous. Caps. winged at apex.

Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. (near Jebel Saggadi); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kuhn, Melbes).

=B. marrubiifolia= _Schauer._ DANABĀN or ERG EL BUGR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.

White pubescent, branched herb, much like above. Cor. white; capsule not winged.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Okurr, Wadi Abu Kotod); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad, Wadi Taiara, Um Marba & Um Dam).

693 =Stachytarpheta angustifolia= _Vahl._ ABONGANDUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ADELFUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; DELPA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.

Bushy herb with 4-angled stems. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate. Spikes very slender, 6-9 in. long; rachis hollowed to receive appressed flowers; bracts ⅓ in. long; calyx as long, 5-toothed and ribbed; cor. lilac, ⅔ in. long; limb patent, 5-lobed; st. 2. Fr. cylindrical, ¼ in. long.

Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Sobat Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).

The roots are used by Arabs as collyrium.

694 =Priva leptostachya= _Juss._

Bushy hairy herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-3 in. long, crenate; spikes 6-12 in. long; fl. lax on a square rachis; bracts small; calyx ¼ in. long enlarging in fruit; cor. ½ in. long, white, limb ¼ in. diam., 2-lipped, white; st. 4, didynamous. Fr. enclosed in enlarged calyx; nutlets 2.

Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi El Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Jebel Waratab).

695 =Verbena supina= _Linn._ MORREYA (Ehrenb.)—Arab.

Densely pubescent annual. Leaves opp., bipinnatifid, deltoid. Spikes dense; bracts and calyx minute; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb patent, 5-lobed, 1/12 in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Caps. minute.

Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Sodari); Darfur Prov.

=V. officinalis= _Linn._

Glabrous perennial. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, deeply pinnatifid. Spikes lax in a terminal panicle. Fl. as above; cor. limb ⅙ in. diam.

Fung Prov.

The leaves are considered a febrifuge and tonic and are said to be used as a rubefacient in rheumatism and diseases of the joints. The root is believed to be a remedy for scrofula and snake-bite.

696 =Duranta Plumieri= _Jacq._

Unarmed or spinous shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, sometimes crenate. Racemes long, terminal; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long; lobes 5, spreading, ⅓ in. diam. St. 4, didynamous. Drupe yellow, size of a pea, enclosed in enlarged calyx.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River District).

An excellent hedge plant.

697 =Premna resinosa= _Schauer._ SAAT—Arab; TŪR (J. Eliri)—Nuba.

Shrub with scented leaves. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or oblong, ½-1½ in. long, entire or crenate. Panicles small, terminal, corymbose; fl. minute, whitish or greenish. Drupe black, size of a pea.

Nubia (Wadi Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, Jebel Waratab & 21° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes, Abu Haraza, Abu Snun, Wadi Taiara & between Obeid Ogari & El Mareikib & Melbes); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).

Fruit eaten.

698 =Vitex tangensis= _Gürke._

Shrub or small tree, clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves opp., digitately 3-fol.; leaflets 2-3 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, axillary; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; cor. tube twice length of calyx, limb patent, white (?); st. 4, exserted. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Chakchak).

=V. madiensis= _Oliv._

Tree. Leaves opp., simple or 3-5 fol., glabrous above, hairy beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, crenate in upper half, 5-6 in. cymes; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. ¼ in. long, limb long; pet. 3-4 in. long. Fl. in axillary, corymbose, hairy patent. Fr. edible, size of a small plum.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshook Ali’s Zariba, Dinka- land, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Fruit edible.

=V. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._

Tree; extremities drab pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, axillary; bracts large, linear. Fl. much as above.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Gir & Dinka-land: Lau).

=V. Cienkowskii= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ ABDUGULGUL, UMDIGULGUL or GULGUL (Baggara), ZEITUN (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.), or KURAIN—Arab; KLURUF (J. Daier), TIDOGI & MADIMU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KONINK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; ORO—Golo; YALAH—Jur.

Large tree. Leaves 5-fol., glabrous; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long, distinctly petioled; main pet. 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long peduncled; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. yellowish-brown, ab. ½ in. long, limb obliquely patent. Fr. size of a cherry, edible.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, between Wau & Chak Chak, & Tonj; Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

Wood white, light. Fruit eaten and when roasted is said to be a substitute for tea.

699 =Clerodendron acerbianum= _Boiss._

Riverside shrub; bark grey and rough; extremities, leaves and infl. grey-woolly. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense terminal and axillary clusters; bracts linear, ¾ in. long; calyx ¾ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5, ovate, ⅙ in. long; st. 4, exserted. Fr. somewhat like a black-berry, not edible.

Berber Prov. (Mograd Island); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein to Sobat); Sobat River (near Nasser).

=C. Schweinfurthii= _Gürke._

Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, often serrate. Fl. in axillary long-peduncled heads; calyx tube campanulate; cor. tube 1½ in. long, lobes 5; st. 4, much exserted as well as style. Drupe black, ⅓ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

=C. Formicarum= _Gürke._

Shrub. Leaves 2-4-nate, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in subumbellate terminal panicles; cor. white, tube ¼ in. long, lobes 5, minute; st. 4, ¼ in. long.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).

=C. harnierianum= _Schweinf._

Shrub; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves 2-3-nate, oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 2 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a cymose terminal panicle; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. purple, ab. 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov.

=C. cordifolium= _A. Rich._

Undershr. or shrub, erect or scandent. Leaves opp., ovate-cordate, 3-4 in. long, pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming an ample terminal panicle; calyx 5-toothed, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 5, ⅓ in. long; st. 4, 1 in. long.

Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra 6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & East of Limo’s village); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).

=C. capitatum= _Schumach._ & _Thonn._

Small shrub; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves opp., broadly ovate- dentate, pubescent beneath, 6-12 in. long. Fl. in dense sessile terminal heads, 6-9 in. diam.; bracts red, lanceolate, foliaceous; calyx ¾ in. long, pubescent, segments ciliate; cor. white, tube slender, 3-4 in. long; lobes ½ in. Drupe black in red accrescent calyx.

Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).

=C. myricoides= _R. Br._ HAMALMA—Rashida (Red Sea Prov.).

Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, oblong, 2-6 in. long, toothed. Cymes lax; calyx small, 5-lobed; cor. tubes short; lobes, upper ½ in. long, white, lower ¾ in. long, pale blue; st. 4, arcuate, ¾-1 in. long. Drupe black.

Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); Bahr El Jebel.

=C. Neumayeri= _Vatke._

Shrub, 15-16 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, entire or crenate at the middle, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; flowers in axillary cymes; corolla very short, the limb 1 in. diam.

Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).

=C. alatum= _Gürke._

Herb with 4-angled and narrowly winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, up to 1 ft. long, oblanceolate, toothed in upper third. Panicle thyrsoid, many-flowered, terminal, 1 ft. long; cor. tube short, upper lobes whitish-lilac, lower violet with 2 white blotches.

Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba).

=C. triflorum= _Vis._

Shrub with bluntly 4-angled branches. Leaves long-petioled, broadly- ovate, toothed at the middle. Cymes axillary, drooping, 3-flowered; calyx 5-angled, lobes lanceolate; cor. tube 3 times length of calyx, lobes elliptic.

Nubia.

=C. near C. neriifolium= _Wall._

Shrub, ab. 5 ft. high, branches 4-angled, sulcate. Leaves ternate below, alt. above, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, larger ones sometimes obsoletely and coarsely serrate. Fl. axillary in simple and compound cymes, forming terminal panicles; calyx ½ in. long, accrescent and broadly campanulate in fruit, 5-toothed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, slender, lobes 5, 2 upper ½ in. long, lower ⅓ in.; st. 4, 1 in long, didynamous, exserted; style 1½ in. long, bifid; ovary 4-celled, ovules 4. Drupe black.

Mongalla Prov. (Sudd Region & Bor); Bahr El Jebel (on termite hills).

=C. ugandense= _Prain._

Shrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves opposite, elliptic to narrowly obovate, coarsely toothed, up to 4½ in. long and 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes lax, few- flowered. Flowers whitish and blue.

Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).

700 =Avicennia marina= _Stapf._ SHORA—Arab.

Shrub or small tree, white tomentose. Leaves opp., oblong or oblong- lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose beneath. Spikes globose, terminal and axillary; bracts minute, broadly ovate; calyx 5-partite; cor. tube short, funnel-shaped, lobes 4-5, bright-yellow; st. 4. Fr. ovoid, 1 in. long.

Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., Littoral).

Fruit bitter but edible. The bark is used for tanning.

=LABIATÆ.=

701 =Ocimum basilicum= _Linn._ RIHAN—Arab; ORHAN—Hadendowa; KWARNYĀL (Dilling)—Nuba. Basil.