Chapter IV: Part 4

[10] ‘skin’, here +Fell+, n., of which form a compound expression with the pl. of the nouns ‘leopard’ and ‘monkey’, as explained in S. 71, N. 2.

[11] were suspended = hung; from = +von ... herab+.

[12] to be strapped, +mit einem Riemen befestigt sein+; ‘upon’ here +an+.

[13] +schellen+; to — dance, +während des Tanzens zum Takte+.

[14] +auf+.

[15] style = manner.

[16] created = made.

[17] Say ‘which was (Passive) still heightened’, according to S. 7, N. 3, _B_.

[18] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[19] ‘nogaras’—which use in its unaltered form in German—are a kind of drum.

[20] notes = sounds.

[21] wore ... suspended = had ... hanging; ‘round’, here +an+.

[22] To render ‘antelope’s horn’ form a compound noun of the pl. of the noun ‘antelope’ and the singl. of the noun ‘horn’. Comp. S. 36, N. 7, _A_, _B_, and _C_, and mark further:

_A._ Although the first component of =Compound Nouns= is generally in the singular, =some require the plural=; as—+Kinderstube+, f., nursery; +Bildergallerie+, f., picture-gallery.

_B_, 1. The first component takes sometimes one of =the genitive inflections +s+, +es+, +n+, +en+, or +ens+=, according to the declension it belongs to; as—+Königsmantel+, m., royal mantel; +Tageslicht+, n., day-light; +Heldenmut+, m., heroism; +Friedensliebe+, f., love of peace.

2. We find, however, =the terminations +s+ or +es+ used as a connecting link= between the two components =for the mere sake of euphony=, even in cases where the first component is a feminine noun; this is more especially the case when the first component is in itself a compound expression, when it has one of the derivative suffixes +heit+, +ing+, +ling+, +keit+, +schaft+, +tum+, +ung+, or when it is a noun of foreign origin terminating in +ion+, +at+, and +ät+; as—+Geburtstag+, m., birthday; +Hochzeitsgeschenk+, n., wedding present; +Weisheitslehre+, f., philosophy; +Religionsduldung+, f., toleration; +Universitätsgericht+, n., university court.

_C._ In a few compound nouns we find one of the euphonic terminations =+e+, +er+, and +l+ used as a connecting link= between the two components; as—+Tagewerk+, n., day’s work; +Aschermittwoch+, m., Ash-Wednesday; +Heidelbeere+, bilberry.

_D_, 1. When =the first component= consists of =the stem of a verb=, it is often joined to the second component without a connecting link; as—+Schreibbuch+, n., copy-book.

2. Sometimes =a euphonic +e+ is used as a connection link=; as—+Zeigefinger+, m., forefinger; +Haltepunkt+, m., place of stopping.

[23] in — excitement = in the highest excitement.

_Section 77._

ABSOLUTION BEFOREHAND[1].

When Tezel[2] was at Leipzig, in the sixteenth century (App. § 9), and had collected[3] a great deal of money from all ranks[4] of people, a nobleman, who suspected imposition, put[5] the question to him: “Can you[6] grant absolution for a sin which a man[7] shall intend to commit in future?” “Yes,” replied the frontless commissioner, “but on[8] condition that a proper[9] sum of money be actually[10] paid down.” The noble (S. 5, N. 2) instantly produced the sum demanded, and in return[11] received a diploma[12], sealed and signed by Tezel, absolving[13] him from the unexplained crime which he intended to commit. Not[14] long after, when Tezel was about (S. 6, N. 4) to leave Leipzig, the nobleman made[15] inquiry respecting the road he would probably travel[16], waited[17] for him in ambush at a convenient place, attacked and robbed him, then[18] beat him soundly with a stick, sent him back to Leipzig with[19] his chest empty, and[20] at parting said: “This is the fault[21] I intended to commit, and for which I have your absolution[22].”—REV. R. K. ARVINE.

[1] +Der im voraus erteilte Ablaß.+

[2] +~Johann Tezel~ (eigentlich Diezel) wurde um 1460 zu Leipzig geboren, trat 1489 in den Dominikanerorden, ward 1502 vom Papst zum Ablaßprediger bestellt, später zum apostolischen Kommissar ernannt und mit dem Ablaßhandel in Sachsen betraut, zog sich jedoch, von Luther seit dem 31ˢᵗᵉⁿ Oktober 1517 wegen seiner unverschämten Anmaßungen bekämpft, in das Paulinerkloster zu Leipzig zurück, wo er im Jahre 1519 verstarb.+

[3] +ein´nehmen+; a great deal of, +eine Masse+. Construe accord. to App. § 5.

[4] ranks = classes; people, +Bevölkerung+, f., see S. 3, N. 2.

[5] ‘to put a question to somebody’ here = to ask somebody.

[6] I propose to use the 2nd pers. pl. in this case, and to supply the adverb +auch+ after the pron.

[7] a — future = which one only (+erst+) intends to commit. See App. § 19.

[8] +unter+, followed by the def. art.

[9] +angemessen+; to render ‘sum of money’ form a comp. n. of which the noun ‘money’ forms the first component and the noun ‘sum’ the last.

[10] actually = directly; to pay down, +aus´zahlen+.

[11] in return, +dafür+, which place after the verb.

[12] ‘diploma’, here +Ablaßbrief+, m.

[13] +absolvieren+. See S. 16, N. 4; unexplained, +ungenannt+.

[14] Not — after = Soon upon that. See S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

[15] to make inquiry respecting something, +sich nach etwas erkundigen+.

[16] ‘to travel’, here +ein´schlagen+.

[17] to wait in ambush for somebody, +einen in einem Hinterhalte auf´lauern+.

[18] the adverb +dann+ must be placed after the object. To beat a person soundly with a stick, +einen tüchtig durch´prügeln+.

[19] Say ‘with empty chest (+Kasten+, m.)’, which place immediately after the object.

[20] +und rief ihm beim Abschied noch zu.+

[21] ‘fault’, here = sin.

[22] Supply here the adverb +schon+.

_Section 78._

STAND UP[1] FOR WHATEVER IS TRUE, MANLY, AND LOVELY[2].

I.

In[3] no place in the world has individual character more[4] weight than at a public school. Remember[5] this, I beseech[6] you, _all_ you boys who[7] are getting into the upper forms. Now[8] is the time when you may[9] have more[10] influence for good or evil in the society you live in than you ever can have[11] again. Quit[12] yourselves like men, then; speak out[13] and stand up for whatever is true, manly, and lovely. Never (S. 68, N. 2) try to be popular[13], but _only_ do your duty, and help[14] others to do theirs; and when you leave the school (S. 27, N. 8), the[15] tone of feeling in it will be higher than you found it, and so you[16] will do good to[17] generations of your countrymen yet unborn. For boys follow one another in herds like sheep, for[18] good or evil; they[19] hate thinking, and[20] have rarely _any_ settled[21] principles.

[1] Use the 2nd pers. pl.; whatever = all that; see S. 3, N. 7.

[2] +schön.+

[3] In no place = Nowhere.

[4] more weight = greater influence.

[5] Remember this = Think (2nd pers. pl.) of it; see S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

[6] +bitten.+

[7] +=Der=+ (m. sing.), +=die=+ (f. sing.), and +=die=+ (pl.) must be used =as relative pronouns= in reference to a personal pronoun of the first or second person of either number, and also in reference to the personal pronoun of the third person plural (+Sie+) used instead of the second person plural. For the sake of emphasis the personal pronoun is frequently repeated after the relative pronoun, and the verb must then agree with the personal pronoun, as the following examples will show.

+Verschmähst du ~mich~, ~die ich~ deine Freundin bin?+

Dost thou disdain _me_, _who_ am your friend?

+~Ich~, ~der ich~ dich von deinen Feinden befreite.+

_I_, _who_ delivered thee from thy enemies.

Construe the clauses ‘who — forms’ accordingly; to get into the upper forms, +in die obern Klassen versetzt werden+.

[8] Say ‘The time has [is] come’; when, +wo+.

[9] may have = exercise (+aus´üben+) likely.

[10] Say ‘more good or evil influence upon (+auf+) the company surrounding you (+Eure Umgebung+)’.

[11] have = exercise.

[12] Say ‘Be therefore manly’.

[13] ‘to speak out’, here +gerade und frei heraus´sprechen+; ‘to be popular’, here +sich beliebt machen+.

[14] When the following verbs are used in connection with another verb governed by them, that verb stands in =the Infinitive without the preposition +zu+= (Comp. S. 34, N. 10):

_A._ The auxiliary verbs of mood: +dürfen+, +können+, +mögen+, +müssen+, +sollen+, +wollen+, and +lassen+. (see Expl. 1.)

_B._ The verbs: +bleiben+, +fahren+, +gehen+, +finden+, +fühlen+, +heißen+ (to bid, to command), +helfen+, +hören+, +lehren+ (also with +zu+, Comp. S. 43, N. 10), +lernen+, +machen+, +sehen+, and +reiten+. (See Expl. 2.)

_C._ The verb +haben+ in phrases like Expl. 3.

_D._ The verb +thun+ followed by +nichts+. (See Expl. 4.)

EXAMPLES.

1. +Ich ~mag~ gern ~schreiben~.+

I am very fond of writing; I like to write.

2. +Der Diener ~fand~ seinen Herrn tot am Boden ~liegen~.+

The servant found his master lying dead on the floor.

3. +Er ~hat~ gut ~reden~.+

It is all very well for him to talk.

4. +Er ~thut nichts~ als ~essen~ und ~trinken~.+

He does nothing but eat and drink.

[15] the — higher = the moral tone of the same (gen.) will be a higher _one_ (S. 67, N. 3).

[16] Supply here the adverb +noch+.

[17] +an+; remember that the p. p. ‘unborn’ is used as an adj. and qualifies the noun ‘generations’.

[18] Say ‘as well in evil as in good’.

[19] +das Denken ist ihnen unbequem.+

[20] Supply here the pron. ‘they’.

[21] +fest bestimmt.+

_Section 79._

STAND UP FOR WHATEVER IS TRUE, MANLY, AND LOVELY.

II.

Every school (S. 5, N. 2), indeed, has its own traditionary standard[1] of right and wrong, which cannot be transgressed with impunity, marking[2] certain things as low[3] and blackguard, and certain others as lawful and right. This standard is ever[4] varying, though _it changes_ only slowly and little by little. It[5] is the leading[6] boys only, who (S. 15, N. 3), subject[7] to such standard, give, for[8] the time being, the tone to[9] all the rest, and[10] make the school either a noble institution for[11] the training of Christian Englishmen, or a place[12] where a _young_ boy will get[13] more evil than if he were turned out[14] to make his[15] own way in London streets.—THOS. HUGHES, TOM BROWN’S SCHOOL DAYS.

[1] +Maßstab+, m.; ‘of’, here +für+.

[2] +bezeichnen+, see S. 16, N. 4, and introduce the clause with the conj. +und+.

[3] +schändlich und gemein.+

[4] +beständig.+

[5] ‘It is’, here +Es sind+.

[6] +tonangebend.+

[7] +diesem Maßstab unterworfen.+

[8] +zur Zeit.+

[9] to = for.

[10] Supply here the rel. pron. ‘who’; to make the school a noble institution, +aus der Schule eine sittliche Anstalt machen+.

[11] to (S. 19, N. 7) educate Christian (+christlichgesinnt+) Englishmen.

[12] +Stätte+, f.

[13] ‘to get’, here +sich an´eignen+.

[14] +hinaus´stoßen+; use the First Conditional.

[15] his — streets = his fortune in (+auf+) the streets of London.

_Section 80._

WORK[1] IS A GREAT COMFORTER.

Two neighbouring gardeners had the misfortune of[2] having their crop of early peas killed by frost. The one called[3] upon the other to condole[4] with him. “Ah,” cried he, “how unfortunate[5] we have been, neighbour! Do you[6] know? I have done nothing but fret ever since[7]. But it seems you have there a fine healthy[8] crop[9] coming[10] up already; what[11] is it?” “This?” cried the other gardener, “why[12], it is a crop of peas (S. 16, N. 10) I sowed (S. 48, N. 2) immediately after my loss.” “What[13], coming up already?” replied the fretter[14]. “Yes, while you were fretting[15], I[16] was working.” “What! don’t you fret when you have a loss?” “Yes, but I always put it off[17] until _after_ I have repaired[18] the mischief[19].” “Why, then you have no need to fret at all.” “True[20],” replied the industrious gardener, “I[21] find working better than fretting.”—ANONYMOUS.

[1] +Die Arbeit ist eine süße Trösterin.+

[2] of — frost = that (S. 1, N. 3) their young peas were (S. 2, N. 1) destroyed by (+durch+, followed by the def. art.) frost.

[3] to call upon a person, +einen besuchen+.

[4] to condole with a person, +einem sein Beileid bezeigen+.

[5] I have been unfortunate, +es ist mir unglücklich ergangen+.

[6] Use the 2nd pers. sing.

[7] ever since = ‘the whole time’, which place after the auxiliary; ‘but fret’, +als mich geärgert+.

[8] +kräftig.+

[9] +Saat+, f.

[10] ‘to come up’ here +hübsch grün aussehen+.

[11] +Was ist’s für eine?+

[12] +ei+; it — peas = they are (+es sind+) young peas.

[13] +Wie+; coming up already? = and they look already so (supply +hübsch+) green?

[14] +der Trauernde.+

[15] +sich ärgern.+

[16] Say ‘I have worked’.

[17] +auf´schieben.+

[18] +wieder gut machen.+

[19] +Schade+, m.

[20] +Richtig.+

[21] Say ‘I find it better to work than to fret’.

_Section 81._

PERSEVERANCE FINDS ITS REWARD.

Robert Bruce, restorer[1] of the Scottish monarchy, being[2] pursued one day by the enemy, was[3] obliged[4] to seek refuge in a barn and to spend[5] the night there. In[6] the morning, when he awoke, he saw a spider climbing up[7] the[8] beam of the roof. The spider fell[9] _down_ to the ground, but immediately tried to climb up again, when it a[10] second time fell to the ground[11]. It made a third attempt, which also failed. Twelve times did (S. 32, N. 11) the little spider try to climb up the beam, and twelve times it fell down again, but the[10] thirteenth time it succeeded[12] and[13] gained the top[14] of the beam. The king (S. 5, N. 2) immediately got up[15] from his lowly[16] couch, and said: “This little spider has taught (S. 42, N. 4) me perseverance; I will follow its example. Twelve times have[17] I been beaten by the enemy. I will try my fortune once more!” He did so[18], and won the next battle. The king became the spider’s scholar.—N. GOODRICH.

[1] Use the noun with the def. art.

[2] Construe according to S. 55, N. 1, and use the Imperf. of the Passive Voice; by, +von+.

[3] The pron. +er+ must be supplied here.

[4] +genötigt+; ‘to seek refuge’, here +sich flüchten+.

[5] +zu´bringen.+

[6] Say ‘When he awoke in the (+am+) morning’.

[7] +hinauf´kriechen ... an+; see S. 16, N. 4.

[8] Use the indef. art. instead of the def. art.

[9] +auf den Boden fallen.+

[10] +zum zweiten Male.+

[11] +herun´terfallen+, to avoid monotony.

[12] I succeed, +es gelingt mir+.

[13] The pron. +sie+ must be supplied here.

[14] +das oberste Ende.+

[15] +sich erheben.+

[16] +bescheiden.+

[17] The Active Voice will read better in German.

[18] so = it.

_Section 82._

THE NECESSITY OF[1] VOLCANOES.

The[2] remarkable proofs which modern geology has presented of vast accumulations of heated[3] and melted matter[4] beneath the earth’s crust[5], make it evident that (S. 3, N. 2) volcanoes are essential[6] to the preservation of the globe. If (App. § 36) there[7] were no safety-valves through[8] the crust, such vast accumulations of heat would rend asunder[9] even[10] a whole continent. Volcanoes are[11] those safety-valves[12], more than two hundred of which are scattered[13] over the earth’s surface. But if no such passages[14] existed (see S. 27, N. 8), nothing could prevent the[15] pent-up gases from accumulating till they had (Impf. Subj.) gained strength[16] enough to rend a whole continent, and[17] perhaps the whole globe, into fragments.—REV. PROF. HITCHCOCK.

[1] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[2] Use the attributive construction explained in S. 48, N. 6, and say ‘The by (von, followed by the def. art.) modern geology presented (+auf´stellen+) remarkable proofs of (_von_) a vast accumulation’, etc.

[3] +erhitzt.+

[4] matter = masses.

[5] +Erdrinde+, f.

[6] essential = necessary; to = for.

[7] ‘=There is=’ and ‘=there are=’, used in a general sense, are generally rendered by the impers. v. ‘+=es giebt=+’.

[8] Say ‘in the earth’s crust’.

[9] +auseinan´derreißen.+

[10] +sogar.+

[11] are = form.

[12] Here follow the words ‘of which’.

[13] +verteilen.+

[14] passages = openings.

[15] the — accumulating = the accumulation of the pent-up (+ein´sperren+) gases.

[16] +Kraft+, f.; enough, +hinreichend+, adj., to be placed before the noun ‘strength’.

[17] ‘and’ here +ja+. The verb ‘to rend into fragments’ (+auseinan´derreißen+, of which form the Supine, S. 1, N. 2) must of course be placed at the end of the whole passage.

_Section 83._

THE POWER OF BEAUTY.

In one of the worst parts of London there is[1] an institution[2] which I visited. In one room I found about[3] thirty-five men listening (S. 16, N. 4) to the teaching[4] of the daughter of a small shopkeeper[5] in[6] the neighbourhood. She was one of the prettiest women (S. 16, N. 10) I ever saw[7] in my life. I noticed that the young girl was quite alone with those rough[8] men, and said to the superintendent[9]: “Are[10] you not afraid to leave the pretty young girl alone with all those men?” He replied: “I[11] am.” “Then, why don’t you go to her?” “You mistake[12] my fear. I[13] am not afraid of their doing her any harm. They love her so much that they would lick[14] the ground on which[15] she walks, but I am afraid[16] that some[17] person may step in, who, not[18] knowing the manner of the place, may[19] say something impertinent[20] to her; and if he[21] did, he would not leave the place[22] alive[23].”—LORD SHAFTESBURY.

[1] Render ‘there is’ by the Pres. of +bestehen+.

[2] +Anstalt+, f.

[3] +ungefähr+.

[4] +Unterricht+, m.

[5] +Krämer.+

[6] +aus.+

[7] saw = have seen. The auxiliary may be omitted, according to S. 52, N. 8.

[8] +roh.+

[9] This noun may be used in its unaltered form.

[10] +Furcht haben.+

[11] +Ja, doch+, which place before the words ‘he replied’.

[12] mistake = misunderstand.

[13] I — harm = I fear not that they will do her any harm (+etwas zuleide thun+).

[14] ‘to lick’, here = to kiss.

[15] +worauf.+

[16] +befürchten.+

[17] Say ‘a stranger’ could (Impf. Subj.) come in.

[18] not — place, +unbekannt mit den Sitten dieser Anstalt+.

[19] Impf. Subj.

[20] +Ungehöriges.+

[21] Supply here the object ‘+das+’.

[22] +Haus.+

[23] +lebendig+, before which supply the adverb ‘+wieder+’.

_Section 84._

THE ENGLISH CLIMATE.

The air is generally very moist, most[1] so near the western coast, and less so[2] as[3] we go eastward.

It[4] is to the abundant moisture of the air that the beautiful foliage of our trees and the rich verdure of our fields and gardens, so much praised by foreigners who visit England, are chiefly owing. Moisture is one of the two things[5] most necessary to[6] vegetation, and hence[7] our fields, trees, and woods possess during the greater part of the year a continuous richness of[8] verdure, which[9] cannot be found under[10] the sunny skies of the shores of the Mediterranean.

The weather is at[11] times liable to very sudden changes, depending (S. 16, N. 4) mainly on the changes of the wind[12].—HEWITT, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND AND WALES.

[1] most so near, +und zwar am feuchtesten an+.

[2] so = moist.

[3] +je mehr.+

[4] Say ‘To the great moisture of the air owe (+verdanken+) our trees chiefly their beautiful foliage and our fields and gardens their rich verdure, which by foreigners, who visit England, is praised so much’.

[5] The words ‘most (+höchst+) necessary’, qualifying the noun ‘things’, must precede it. Things = conditions.

[6] +für.+

[7] +daher+, adverbial conjunction, see App. § 24, _B_.

[8] +an.+

[9] Say ‘as (+wie+) one cannot find it (+ihn+)’.

[10] under — shores, +an den sonnigen Küstenstrichen+.

[11] +mitunter.+

[12] +Windeswechsel+, m.

_Section 85._

THE LONDON DOCKS.

I.

Seemingly[1] boundless is the region of the docks, and the visitor who sets out with ever so definite an idea of the course he intends to pursue, will constantly find himself allured from the path. He passes[2] a door from[3] which issues a delicious fragrance of spice, and he turns in[4] to (S. 19, N. 7) explore[5] it. At[6] the top of a stone staircase he finds an enormous floor[7] piled[8] with bales of cinnamon and boxes of nutmeg. Here and there are great heaps which, on[9] close inspection, prove[10] to be cloves. Others, of[11] _a_ brilliant sienna colour, he[12] finds to be heaps of mace. The[13] floor above this is stored[14] with Peruvian bark[15]. This article is used for the preparation[16] of quinine, but[17] it is imported in such quantities[18] as[19] to render it difficult to believe that[20] it can all be used medicinally.

[1] Say ‘The region (+Bereich+, m.) of the docks seems (+erscheinen+) almost boundless (+unbegrenzt+), and even when the visitor begins his course (+Wanderung+, f.) with ever so (+mit einem noch so+) definite a plan about (+über+) the direction he intends to pursue (+die einzuschlagende Richtung+, Comp. S. 48, N. 6), (+so+) he will constantly find himself allured (+ab´lenken+) from his path’. Supply the adverb doch before the adv. ‘constantly’.

[2] +an etwas vorbei´gehen.+

[3] +aus der ihm ein köstlicher Wohlgeruch von Gewürzen entgegenströmt.+

[4] +hinein´gehen.+

[5] +besichtigen+; the pron. ‘it’ must be rendered by the persnl. pron. of the 3rd pers. pl. to agree with its antecedent ‘+Gewürze+’.

[6] +Am Ende.+

[7] +Lagerraum+, m.

[8] +an´füllen+; for the constr. see S. 7, N. 3, _B._

[9] +bei näherer Besichtigung.+

[10] Construe according to the following model: This _proves to be_ false, +dies ~erweist sich als~ falsch+.

[11] +von prächtiger Okerfarbe.+

[12] Say ‘he recognises as heaps’.

[13] +Der darüberliegende Lagerraum.+

[14] +an´füllen.+

[15] +Chinarinde.+

[16] To render ‘preparation of quinine’ form a comp. n. of the corresponding German terms ‘quinine’ and ‘preparation’ (+Bereitung+); to use, +verwenden+.

[17] +doch+, adverbial conjunction, see App. § 24, _B._

[18] +Menge+, f., only used in the sing.

[19] as — believe, +daß es sich kaum glauben läßt+.

[20] that — medicinally = it (to agree with +Artikel+) could (Pres. Subj.) only be used (+benutzen+) for (+zu+) medical purposes (+Zweck+, m.).

_Section 86._

THE LONDON DOCKS.

II.

On[1] another floor of the same building may[2] be found bundles of Pimento[3] sticks and Malacca[4] canes, a great store of mother-of-pearl, a heap of delicate[5], richly-tinted ear-shells[6], and a quantity _of_ ivory. Here are elephants’ teeth, some[7] of which are larger than bricks and weigh fourteen pounds. Passing[8] out of this building, we find[9] ourselves in an enormous shed with little black boards, hung[10] at intervals, and bearing the names of vessels. Beneath these boards are[11] goods lying ready for shipment, and these are at least as varied[12] as the imports[13]. Here are pickles[14], blacking, a[15] cartload or so _of_ bricks, and scores[16] of anvils. There[17] are church-bells, a chest of drawers, a rocking-horse, a mangle, and boxes, bales, and barrels innumerable[18].—‘THE GLOBE’ NEWSPAPER.

[1] +In.+

[2] Use the Active Voice with ‘+man+’, and say ‘one finds’. Comp. S. 4, N. 4. For the constr. see App. § 14.

[3] +Nelkenpfeffer+, m.

[4] +Malakkarohr.+

[5] +zart.+

[6] +Seeohrmuscheln.+

[7] The clause must commence with the words ‘of which’.

[8] ‘To pass out’ here = to leave, v. trans. Construe according to S. 55, N. 1.

[9] to find oneself, +sich befinden+.

[10] +auf´hängen+; at, in. Construe according to S. 7, N. 3, _B._

[11] are — shipment, +liegen zur Einschiffung bestimmte Waren+.

[12] +verschiedener Art.+

[13] +Einfuhrartikel.+

[14] Use this noun in its unaltered form.

[15] Say ‘one or two loads _of_ bricks’.

[16] scores of, +eine Unzahl von+.

[17] +Dort sind.+ Comp. S. 82, N. 7.

[18] +in zahlloser Menge.+

_Section 87._

DR. JOHNSON ON[1] DEBT.

Dr. Johnson held[2] that[3] debt is ruin. His[4] words on the subject are weighty, and worthy of being held in remembrance. “Do not,” said[5] he, “accustom[6] yourself to consider debt only as[7] an inconvenience. You[8] will find it a calamity. Poverty takes[9] away so many means of doing good, and[10] produces so much inability to resist evil, that it[11] is by[12] all virtuous means to be avoided. Let[13] it be your first care, then, not to be in any man’s debt. Resolve[14] not[15] to be poor. Whatever[16] you have, spend less. Poverty[17] is a great enemy to _human_ happiness. It destroys liberty. It makes some[18] virtues impracticable[19] and others[20] extremely difficult. Frugality[21] is not only the basis of[22] quiet, but[23] of beneficence[24]. No[25] man can help others that wants himself. We must have[26] enough, before[27] we have to spare.”—S. SMILES, SELF-HELP.

[1] +über das Schuldenmachen.+

[2] ‘to hold’ here = to be of opinion, +der Ansicht sein+.

[3] Say ‘that debt (_das Schuldenmachen_) leads (Pres. Subj.; Comp. App. §§ 28 and 31) to ruin’.

[4] Say ‘What he says on (+über+) this subject (+Gegenstand+, m.) is important and worthy of our notice (+Beachtung+, f.)’.

[5] Place the words ‘said he’ at the end of the whole clause.

[6] =When verbs and adjectives, governing a preposition, are used in a principal clause and are followed by a subordinate clause, either in the form of a supine= (i.e. an infinitive with +zu+, see S. 1, N. 2) =or beginning with a subordinative conjunction, the adverb +da+, in connection with the preposition required, is generally placed in the principal clause=; as—

We will accustom ourselves to be thrifty.

+Wir wollen uns daran gewöhnen, sparsam zu sein.+

Do not excuse yourself with having had no time.

+Entschuldigen Sie sich nicht damit, daß Sie keine Zeit gehabt
haben.+

The verb sich +gewöhnen+ requires the prep. +an+. Construe accordingly, and use the 2nd pers. sing.

[7] an inconvenience, +als etwas Lästiges+.

[8] Say ‘You will find that it leads to poverty’, see S. 3, N. 2.

[9] to take away, +entzie´hen+, after which supply the pron. +uns+ (from us).

[10] and — inability = and makes us so often incapable.

[11] it is ... to be avoided = we must avoid it (to agree with +Armut+), see S. 62, N. 4.

[12] by — means, +nach besten Kräften+.

[13] Say ‘Beware therefore (+sich hüten+) of running into debt’. To run into debt, +Schulden machen+. Use the Supine according to S. 34, N. 10.

[14] +sich etwas vor´nehmen.+

[15] not — poor = not to get (+geraten+) into poverty.

[16] Say ‘However little (+Wie gering+, after which supply the adverb +auch+) thy income (+Einnahme+, f.) may be, lay up a part of the same (+so lege doch einen Teil derselben zurück+)’.

[17] +Armut ist dem Glücke feind.+

[18] +einzelne.+

[19] impracticable = impossible.

[20] supply here the adverb +wiederum+ (again).

[21] ‘frugality’ here = thrift (to be used without the art.).

[22] of quiet, +des innern Friedens+.

[23] Supply here the adverb +auch+, and see S. 6, N. 10.

[24] +Wohlthun+, n., to be used with the gen. of the def. art.

[25] Say ‘He who (+Wer+, after which supply the pron. +selbst+) needs (+bedürfen+, requires the gen. of the def. art.) help, cannot help others’.

[26] to have enough, +zur Genüge haben+.

[27] Say ‘before (+ehe+) we can have to spare (+etwas übrig haben+)’.

_Section 88._

A CURIOUS[1] INSTRUMENT.

I.

A gentleman[2], just returned[3] from a journey to (S. 72, N. 4) London, was surrounded by[4] his children, eager[5], after the first salutation was over, to hear the news, and still more eager to see the contents[6] of a small portmanteau, which[7] were, one by one, carefully unfolded and displayed to view. After[8] having distributed amongst the children a few small presents, the[9] father took his seat again, saying, that[10] he must confess he[11] had brought from town[12], for his own use, something far more curious and valuable than any[13] of the little gifts (S. 16, N. 10) they had received. It was, he said[14], too good to[15] present to any of them; but he would, if[16] they pleased, first give them a brief description of it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_), and[17] then perhaps they might be allowed to inspect it.

[1] +merkwürdig.+

[2] The noun ‘=gentleman=’ may be used in its unaltered form in German.

[3] +heim´kehren+; for the constr. see S. 7, N. 3, _B_.

[4] +von+; to surround, +umrin´gen+.

[5] Say ‘who after the first salutations were eager (+begierig+)’.

[6] +der Inhalt+, which has no plural.

[7] Since the antecedent of the pron. _which_ (i.e. +Inhalt+) has no plural in German, the constr. of the passage ‘which — to view’ must be altered. Let us say ‘from which (+aus welcher+, to agree with +Reisetasche+ in the fem. sing.) then (supply the adverb +auch+ in this place) every piece was carefully unpacked (+aus´packen+) and shown round (+umher´zeigen+)’.

[8] Construe accord. to S. 55, N. 1; to distribute, +vertei´len+; amongst, +unter+, with the acc. The direct object must be placed before the words ‘amongst the children’.

[9] Say ‘he sat down again and said’.

[10] that he must confess, +er wolle es nur gestehen+.

[11] This passage is best introduced by the conj. +daß+. Read carefully App. §§ 28 and 30.

[12] +aus der Stadt+, which place before the p. p. (+mitgebracht+).

[13] +irgend eins.+

[14] Say ‘he continued’.

[15] See S. 19, N. 7, and supply here the pron. +es+; to any = to one.

[16] Say ‘if they wished it’.

[17] +und dann dürften sie es sich vielleicht ansehen.+

_Section 89._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

II.

The children were accordingly[1] all attention, while the father thus[2] proceeded[3]: “This small instrument displays[4] the most[5] perfect ingenuity of[6] construction, and[7] exquisite nicety and beauty of workmanship. From[8] its extreme[9] delicacy[10], however, it[11] is so liable to injury, that it is always protected by a[12] sort of light curtain, adorned[13] with a beautiful fringe, and[14] so placed as to fall in a moment on the approach of the slightest danger. The[15] external appearance of the instrument is always more or less beautiful, though in this respect there[16] is a great diversity in the different sorts. The[17] internal contrivance, however, is the same in all _of them_, and is so curious, and in its power[18] so astonishing, that no one who knows it[19] can suppress his surprise and admiration.”

[1] +natürlich die Aufmerksamkeit selbst.+

[2] +folgendermaßen.+

[3] proceeded = continued.

[4] displays = shows.

[5] most perfect = highest.

[6] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[7] Say ‘and is most exactly (+unübertrefflich genau+) and beautifully worked’.

[8] From = On account of, +Wegen+.

[9] extreme = extraordinary.

[10] +Empfindlichkeit+, f.

[11] it — injury = it is so easily exposed (+aus´setzen+) to (S. 3, N. 2) injury.

[12] a sort of = a certain.

[13] Use the attributive constr., S. 7, N. 3.

[14] Say ‘which is placed (+angebracht+) so that it falls down at (+bei+) the approach of the slightest danger in a moment’.

[15] The — appearance, +Das Äußere+.

[16] Render ‘there is’ in this instance by ‘+besteht+ (there exists)’, which must be placed at the end of the passage, on account of the preceding subordinative conj. +obgleich+.

[17] The internal contrivance, +Der Mechanismus+.

[18] power = efficacy, +Wirksamkeit+, f.

[19] it = the same (to agree with +Mechanismus+).

_Section 90._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

III.

“By a slight _and_ momentary movement, which the owner can easily effect, he can[1] ascertain[2] with considerable accuracy the size, colour, shape, weight (S. 10, N. 9), and value of[3] any article whatever. A[4] person possessed of one is[5] thus saved from the necessity of asking _a_ thousand questions and[6] trying a variety of troublesome experiments, which would otherwise be necessary; and such a slow and laborious process[7] would, after[8] all, not succeed[9] half so well as a single application of this admirable instrument.”

GEORGE. “If it is such a very useful thing[10] (S. 27, N. 8), =I wonder=[11] that[12] everybody, that can at all afford it, does not have one.”

[1] To avoid repetition render the verb ‘can’ here by +imstande sein+.

[2] +bestimmen+, which use in the form of a Supine and place at the end of the whole clause.

[3] of — whatever, +irgend eines Gegenstandes+.

[4] A — one = The possessor.

[5] is — questions = needs therefore (+also+) not (to) ask _a_ thousand questions. To ask a question, +eine Frage stellen+.

[6] and — experiments = and to make various troublesome experiments.

[7] +Verfahren+, n.

[8] after all not, +doch nicht+, which must not be placed between commas. Comp. S. 15, N. 3.

[9] +gelingen.+

[10] thing = object.

[11] =I wonder=, +es wundert mich+; we wonder, +es wundert uns+; you wonder, +es wundert Sie+.

[12] that — one = that not everybody, who can at all (+irgend+) make it possible, possesses the same (to agree with ‘object’).

_Section 91._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

IV.

FATHER. “These instruments are not so uncommon as you suppose; I myself _happen to_ know several individuals[1] who[2] are possessed of one or two of[3] them.”

CHARLES. “How large are they, father? Could I hold one in my hand?”

FATHER. “You[4] might; but[5] I should be very sorry to trust[6] mine to you.”

GEORGE. “You must take[7] very great care of it, then[8]?”

FATHER. “Indeed[9] I must. I intend every night to envelop[10] it in[11] the light curtain I mentioned; it must, besides, occasionally be washed in[12] a certain colourless liquid kept[13] for the purpose; but this is such a delicate[14] operation, that[15] persons, I find, are generally reluctant to perform it. But notwithstanding the tenderness[16] of this instrument, you[17] will be surprised to hear that[18] it may be darted to a great distance, without[19] suffering the least injury, and without any danger of losing it.”

[1] individuals = persons.

[2] who — one = who possess one.

[3] of them = of the same.

[4] +Das könntest du wohl.+

[5] but — sorry = but I should be very unwilling.

[6] to trust anything to a person, +einem etwas an´vertrauen+.

[7] to take great care of a thing, +etwas sehr inacht nehmen+.

[8] then = thus, +also+, which place after the object.

[9] +Gewiß muß ich das!+

[10] +umhül´len+.

[11] in — mentioned = with the above-mentioned light curtain.

[12] in = with.

[13] +die man sich zu diesem Zwecke hält.+

[14] delicate = critical, +bedenklich+ or +gefährlich+.

[15] that — it = that one, as I have found, performs (+vollzie´hen+) the same generally but (+nur+) very unwillingly (+ungerne+).

[16] +Empfindlichkeit.+

[17] you — hear = you will hear with astonishment.

[18] that — distance, +daß man es in weite Fernen werfen kann+.

[19] Say ‘without that it suffers the least injury, and without that one runs _any_ danger of losing [to lose] it.’ Comp. S. 1, N. 3.

_Section 92._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

V.

CHARLES. “Indeed[1]! and how high can you dart it?”

FATHER. “I[2] should be afraid of telling you to what a distance it will reach, lest you should think I am jesting with you.”

GEORGE. “Higher than this house, I[3] suppose?”

FATHER. “Much higher.”

CHARLES. “Then[4], how do you[5] get it again?”

FATHER. “It[6] is easily cast down by a gentle movement that does it no injury.”

GEORGE. “But who can do that?”

FATHER. “The[7] person whose business it is to take care of it.”

CHARLES. “Well[8], I cannot understand you at all; but do[9] tell us, father, what it is chiefly used for!”

[1] +Das wäre!+

[2] Say ‘I almost fear to tell you what distances it can reach, that (+damit+) you may not believe that I am jesting with you’.

[3] ‘=I suppose=’, in interrogative sentences, may be elegantly rendered by the adverb +=wohl=+:

You have prepared your lesson well to-day, _I suppose_?

+Sie haben Ihre Lektion heute ~wohl~ gut studiert?+

In elliptic sentences, where the verb is omitted, +wohl+ generally occupies the first place.

[4] The adv. +denn+ must stand after the object +es+.

[5] The pron. ‘=you=’, used in a general sense, is mostly rendered by the indef. pron. +=man=+.

[6] It — down, +Es senkt sich ... leicht wieder nach unten.+ The place of the words ‘by — injury’ is indicated by the three dots.

[7] +Derjenige.+

[8] Well = Alas, +Ach+.

[9] The English ‘=do=’, in sentences of entreaty, may colloquially be rendered by the adverb +=doch=+; as—

_Do_ give me the book, my child!

+Gieb mir ~doch~ das Buch, mein Kind!+

_Section 93._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

VI.

FATHER. “Its[1] uses are so various that I know not which[2] to specify. It[3] has been found very useful in deciphering (S. 1, N. 3) old manuscripts, and[4], indeed, has its use in modern prints. It[5] will assist us greatly in acquiring[6] all kinds of knowledge, and without it[7] some of the most sublime parts[8] of[9] creation would be matters[10] of mere conjecture. It[11] must be confessed, however, that very much depends on a[12] proper application of it, being (S. 30, N. 4) possessed by many _persons_ who appear to have no[13] adequate sense of its value, but[14] who employ it only for the most low and common purposes, without _even_ thinking, apparently, of the noble uses[15] for which it is designed, or of the exquisite[16] gratification[17] (S. 16, N. 10) it is capable of affording. It[18] is indeed in order to excite in your minds some higher sense of its value than you might otherwise have entertained, that I am giving you this previous description.”

GEORGE. “Well _then_, tell us something more about it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_).”

FATHER. “It is also of[19] a very penetrating quality, and _it_ can often discover secrets which can be detected by no other means. It[20] must be owned, however, that[21] it is equally prone to reveal them[22].”

[1] Its — various = It serves for (+zu+) such (+so+) various purposes (+Zweck+, m.).

[2] which — specify = which I shall specify (+anführen+).

[3] It — useful = One has found it of great use.

[4] and — prints = and also in (+bei+) our modern printing it is indeed of great use.

[5] It — greatly = It helps us much.

[6] +sich erwerben+; all kinds of, +allerlei+.

[7] it = the same.

[8] ‘parts’ here +Gebiete+.

[9] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[10] matters = objects.

[11] It — however = I must however confess.

[12] Use the def. art.; proper = right; of it = of the same.

[13] no — sense = a wrong idea (+Begriff+, m.).

[14] +und.+

[15] uses = purposes (+Zweck+, m.).

[16] +unvergleichlich+, i.e. incomparable.

[17] +Genuß+, m., i.e. enjoyment.

[18] Say ‘Only to awaken in you a higher idea of its value than you probably (+vermutlich+) otherwise (+sonst+) would have had (Pluperfect Subj.), I give you this previous (+vorläufig+) description’.

[19] of — quality = very penetrative (+scharfsichtig+).

[20] Say ‘But (+Doch+) I must confess.

[21] that — prone = that it is just as much (+eben so sehr+) prone; prone = disposed, +geneigt+.

[22] them = the same, to agree with ‘secrets’.

_Section 94._

A CURIOUS INSTRUMENT.

VII.

CHARLES. “What! can it speak then?”

FATHER. “It is sometimes said (S. 54, N. 13) to[1] do so, especially when[2] it happens to meet with[3] one of its own species.”

GEORGE. “What colour are[4] these instruments?”

FATHER. “They vary[5] considerably in this respect.”

GEORGE. “Well, what colour is yours?”

FATHER. “I believe it is of _a_ darkish colour; but if I shall confess the truth (S. 27, N. 8), I must say that I never saw (S. 48, N. 2) it[6] in my life.”

BOTH. “Never[7] saw it in your life?”

FATHER. “No, nor[8] do I wish; but I have seen a representation of it, which (S. 48, N. 6) is so exact that my curiosity is quite satisfied.”

GEORGE. “But why don’t you look[9] at the thing itself?”

FATHER. “I should be in great danger[10] of losing it, if I[11] did.”

CHARLES. “Then you could buy (S. 58, N. 8) another.”

FATHER. “Nay[12], I believe I could not prevail[13] upon any one to part with such (S. 28, N. 9) a thing[14].”

GEORGE. “Then, how did you get yours?”

FATHER. “I am so fortunate as[15] to be possessed of more than one; but[16] how I got them I really cannot recollect[17].”

CHARLES. “Not recollect! Why[18], you said you brought[19] them from London to-night!”

FATHER. “So[20] I did; I should be sorry if I had left them behind me (see App. § 36).”

CHARLES. “Now[21], father, _do_ tell us the name of this curious instrument!”

FATHER. “It is—the Eye.”—JANE TAYLOR.

[1] ‘to do so’, referring to the preceding verb ‘speak’, must be rendered by the infinitive of that verb.

[2] when — with = when it accidentally comes together with.

[3] with — species, +mit einem seinesgleichen+.

[4] are = have.

[5] to vary considerably, +sehr verschieden sein+.

[6] Supply the adverb +noch+ after the object.

[7] Never — life? = You have never seen it in your life?

[8] +ich wünsche es auch nicht.+

[9] to look at a thing, +sich ein Ding an´sehen+.

[10] ‘to be in great danger’, here +Gefahr laufen+.

[11] Supply here the object ‘+es+’.

[12] +O nein.+

[13] to prevail upon any one, +jemand überr´eden+.

[14] ‘thing’, here +Gegenstand+, m.

[15] +noch mehr als eines zu besitzen.+

[16] but — them, +aber wie ich dazu gekommen bin+.

[17] to recollect, +sich etwas ins Gedächtnis zurück´rufen+.

[18] The English ‘why’ is, in this instance, best rendered by the adverb ‘+ja+’, which place after the verb.

[19] Use the Perf. Subj., according to App. §§ 28 and 30; here +mit´bringen+.

[20] +Gewiß habe ich das.+

[21] Say ‘But father, tell us at last,’ and supply the adverb ‘+doch+’ after the pron. ‘us’. Comp. Lange’s German Manual, p. 354, L. 31, N. 4.

_Section 95._

ANGLO[1]-SAXON DRESS.

The dress of civilians in general consisted[2] of a shirt and tunic descending[3] to the knee, of linen or wool, according[4] to the season. A belt was often worn round the waist[5], and a short cloak over the whole. Drawers, leather shoes or short boots and hose, or sandals, completed the ordinary costume. Labourers (S. 3, N. 2) are generally represented with shoes, but without hose. Females[6] of all ranks[7] wore long, loose garments reaching[3] to the ground, completely hiding (S. 16, N. 4) all[8] symmetry of[9] shape. Long hair, parted[10] on the forehead, and falling[11] naturally down the shoulders, with _an_ ample[12] beard and moustache, distinguish the Anglo-Saxons from the closely cropped[13] Normans. Planche remarks that[14] the character of face, as delineated in illuminations, immediately designates[15] the age[16] wherein[17] the early[18] portraits of our Lord[19], which have[20] been reverently[21] copied to[22] the present day, were[23] originally fabricated.—MILNER, HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

[1] Say ‘The dress of the Anglo-Saxons’.

[2] to consist of a thing, +aus etwas bestehen+.

[3] to descend = to reach; to, +an+ or +auf+. Use the attributive construction explained in S. 48, N. 6.

[4] according to, +je nach+.

[5] waist = body.

[6] Females = Women.

[7] +Stand+, m.

[8] +jede.+

[9] Use the gen. of the def. art.; form, +Gestalt+, f.

[10] +gescheitelt+; on the forehead = in the middle. Use the attributive construction.

[11] and falling = which fell.

[12] +voll.+

[13] +kurz geschoren.+

[14] that — illuminations, +daß der Gesichtstypus in den Abbildungen+.

[15] +bestimmen.+

[16] +Zeitalter+, m., i.e. epoch.

[17] wherein = in which.

[18] ‘early’, here = first.

[19] Lord = Saviour, +Heiland+, m.

[20] Use the active voice with ‘_man_’. Comp. S. 4, N. 4.

[21] +so pietätvoll.+

[22] +bis auf.+

[23] Say ‘were first (+zuerst+) made (+an´fertigen+)’.

_Section 96._

THE GLACIERS AT[1] SUNSET[2].

I.

At a distance these glaciers, as[3] I have said before, look[4] like frozen rivers (S. 26, N. 3); when[5] one approaches nearer, or when they press[6] downward[7] into the valley, they look[8] like immense crystals and pillars[9] of ice piled[10] together in every conceivable form. The effect[11] of this pile[12] of ice, lying (S. 48, N. 6) directly[13] in the lap of[14] green grass and flowers, is quite singular. Before we had entered[15] the valley, the sun had gone down; the sky behind the mountains was clear, and it[16] seemed _for_ a few moments as if darkness[17] was rapidly coming on. But[18] in a few moments commenced a scene[19] of transfiguration, more[20] glorious than anything I had witnessed yet. The cold, white, dismal fields[21] of ice gradually changed[22] into hues[23] of the most beautiful rose colour[24]. A[25] bank of white clouds, which rested[26] above the mountains, kindled[27] and glared[28], as[29] if some spirit of light had entered into them.

[1] +bei+, contracted with the dat. of the def. art.

[2] Comp. S. 26.

[3] Place the words ‘as — before’ at the head of the whole passage; ‘at a distance’, in +der Entfernung+. For the constr. see App. § 15.

[4] ‘to look like’, here ‘+ähnlich sehen+’, which requires the dat.

[5] The clause ‘when — nearer’ may be briefly rendered by ‘+in der Nähe+’, i.e. ‘close by’.

[6] +hinein´dringen.+

[7] +abwärts.+

[8] ‘to look’ may here be rendered by +aus´sehen+, to avoid repetition; ‘like’ must then be turned by ‘+wie+’.

[9] To render ‘pillars of ice’ form a comp. n. analagous to ‘ice-pillars’.

[10] to pile together, +auf´schichten+; use the attributive constr.

[11] +Eindruck+, m.

[12] pile of ice, +Eismasse+, f.

[13] +unmittelbar.+

[14] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[15] +betreten+, v. tr.

[16] it seemed = it had the appearance. The adverbial circumstance of time ‘_for_ a few moments’ may be emphasized by being placed immediately after the conj. ‘and’.

[17] Darkness is coming on, +die Dunkelheit bricht herein+.

[18] But — moments = But soon.

[19] Form a comp. n.

[20] The passage ‘more — yet’ may be elegantly rendered by ‘+welche alles bereits Geschaute noch an Herrlichkeit übertraf+’.

[21] Form a comp. n.

[22] to change into something, +in etwas ü´bergehen+.

[23] +Farbentöne.+

[24] +Rosenrot+, n.

[25] A — clouds, +Ein weißes Gewölk+.

[26] rested = hung.

[27] kindled = reddened (+errö´ten+).

[28] glared = glowed (+erglü´hen+).

[29] as — them, +wie von einem Lichtgeiste erfüllt+.

_Section 97._

THE GLACIERS AT SUNSET.

II.

You[1] did not lose your idea of the dazzling, spiritual whiteness of the snow; yet you seemed to see it through a rosy veil, the sharp edges of the glaciers and the hollows between the peaks reflecting wavering tints of lilac and purple. The effect[2] was solemn and spiritual above everything I have ever seen. These[3] words, which[4] had often been in my mind through the day, and[5] which occurred more often than any others while I was travelling through the Alps, came into my mind with a pomp and magnificence of meaning unknown before:—“For by (+durch+) Him were all things created that are in[6] heaven and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether[7] they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers[8]: all things were created by Him and for Him: and He is before[9] all things, and by Him all things consist[10] (Col. i. 16, 17).”—MRS. BEECHER STOWE.

[1] Say ‘The idea (+Bild+, n.) of the dazzling, spiritual (+geisterhaft+) whiteness of the snow lost itself not; it seemed, however, as if one saw it (+als sähe man es+) through a rosy veil, whilst the sharp edges (+Zacke+, f.) of the glaciers and the hollows (+Vertiefung+, f.) between the peaks were beaming (+erstrahlen+) in wavering (+unbestimmt+) colours of lilac and purple’.

[2] Say ‘The impression (+Eindruck+, m.) of it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_) surpassed in (+an+) solemnity and sublimity everything (+alles+, S. 3, N. 7) that I had (App. § 22) ever seen’.

[3] Say ‘The following words’.

[4] which — mind, +die mir ... oft vor der Seele gestanden+.

[5] and — before = and of (+an+) which I was most reminded during my Alpine journey (+Alpenreise+), revealed themselves only (+erst+) now to my mind in their whole splendour and magnificence.

[6] in — earth, +im Himmel und auf Erden+.

[7] whether they be, +seien sie+.

[8] +Gewalten.+

[9] is before = stands above.

[10] +bestehen+, which place after ‘Him’.

_Section 98._

THE LOST CHILD FOUND[1].

I.

A few years since, in the United States of America, a child was lost[2] in the woods. Darkness (S. 3, N. 2) was rapidly coming on[3], and the alarmed father, accompanied by some of his neighbours, hastened away in[4] search of the lost child. The[5] search continued in vain till nine o’clock in the evening. Then the alarm bell was rung[6], and the cry of fire[7] soon resounded through the streets. It[8] was, however, ascertained that[9] it was not fire which caused the alarm, and that the bell tolled[10] to spread the more[11] solemn tidings[12] of a child lost[13].

Every heart sympathised[14] in the sorrows of the distracted[15] parents, and multitudes[16] of the people[17] were seen (S. 4, N. 4) ascending the hill upon the declivity of which the village was situated[18], to[19] aid in the search. The night passed away, the morning dawned, and yet no tidings came. The sun arose. The whole landscape glittered in the rays of the morning sun. But the village was deserted and still; the shops were closed, and business was hushed[20]. Mothers[21] were walking[22] the streets with sympathising[23] countenances and anxious[15] hearts. There[24] was but one thought there:—What has become of[25] the lost[13] child?

[1] +Das wiedergefundene Kind.+

[2] to be lost, +sich verirren+.

[3] to come on, +heran´rücken+.

[4] in — child = to seek the missed child.

[5] The — evening = Till 9 o’clock in the evening (+abends+) their endeavours had remained without success (+erfolglos+). =Remember that the verbs +sein+, +werden+, and +bleiben+ are conjugated with the auxiliary +sein+.=

[6] +ziehen.+

[7] Form a compound noun by combining the corresponding German terms of the nouns ‘fire’ and ‘cry’ (S. 36, N. 7, _A_).

[8] it — ascertained, +Es stellte sich jedoch heraus+.

[9] that — alarm = that the alarm was not caused through fire.

[10] +ertönen.+

[11] more solemn = still more dreadful.

[12] tidings = message.

[13] Use the p. p. of the verb +vermissen+. See S. 7, N. 3, _A_.

[14] Say ‘shared the sorrow’ (+Kummer+, m., which is only used in the Sing.).

[15] +angsterfüllt.+

[16] +Scharen.+

[17] of the people = of country-people.

[18] to be situated, +liegen+.

[19] to — search, +um mit suchen zu helfen+.

[20] ‘to be hushed’, here = to rest.

[21] Say ‘The women’.

[22] to walk the streets, +auf den Straßen umher´gehen+.

[23] +teilnehmend.+

[24] +Es war nur ein Gedanke, der alle erfüllte.+

[25] +aus.+

_Section 99._

THE LOST CHILD FOUND.

II.

About[1] nine in[2] the morning the signal gun was fired, which announced that the child was found (S. 4, N. 4), and for[3] some time the suspense was dreadful. Was the child found a[4] mangled corpse, or was it alive and well? Soon (App. § 14) a joyful shout[5] proclaimed the safety of the child. A procession was formed[6] by those engaged[7] in the search. The child was placed upon a litter, hastily constructed[8] from the boughs of trees (S. 36, N. 7, _A_), and borne[9] in triumph at[10] the head[11] of the procession.

When they arrived at the brow[12] of the hill, they stopped _for_ a moment, and proclaimed their success with three loud _and_ animated[13] cheers[14]. The mother could no longer restrain her feelings. She rushed into[15] the street, clasped her[16] child to her bosom, and wept aloud. Every[17] eye was suffused with tears, and _for_ a moment all was silent.

But suddenly some one gave a[18] signal for[19] a shout. One long, loud, _and_ happy note of joy[20] rose from[21] the assembled multitude[22], who then dispersed to (S. 19, N. 7) return home and to resume[23] their business.—JACOB ABBOTT.

[1] +gegen.+

[2] in the morning, +morgens+.

[3] for — time, +eine Zeit lang+.

[4] a = as a = +als+.

[5] joyful shout, +Freudengeschrei+ (S. 76, N. 22, _B_).

[6] Use the reflective form +sich bilden+; by, +von+.

[7] +welche sich bei der Auffindung des Kindes beteiligt hatten.+

[8] Use the attributive construction pointed out in S. 7, N. 3; constructed, +zusam´mengefügt+; from, +aus+.

[9] +einher´tragen.+

[10] +an.+

[11] +Spitze+, f.

[12] brow = top.

[13] animated = fiery.

[14] +Hurras.+

[15] +auf.+

[16] her = the.

[17] Say ‘No eye was without tears (+thränenleer+)’.

[18] Use the def. art.

[19] +zu.+

[20] happy — joy, form a comp. noun of the corresponding German terms ‘joy’ and ‘cry’.

[21] +aus.+

[22] +Menge+, f.

[23] to resume business, +sich an sein Geschäft begeben+.

_Section 100._

PERSPIRATION.

Perspiration is the evacuation[1] of the juices of the body through the pores of the skin. It has been calculated (S. 4, N. 4) that there are[2] above three hundred millions _of_ pores in the glands of the skin which covers the body of a middle-sized man. Through these pores more than one half[3] of what we eat and drink passes off[4] by[5] insensible[6] perspiration. If we consume eight pounds of food in[7] a day (App. § 9; S. 27, N. 8), five pounds of it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_) are insensibly discharged[8] by perspiration. During[9] a night of seven hours’ sleep we perspire about two[10] pounds and a half. At an average we may[11] estimate the discharge[1] by[12] sensible and insensible perspiration at[13] _from_ half an ounce to[14] four ounces per hour. This (+Dies+) is a most[15] wonderful part[16] of the animal economy, and[17] is absolutely necessary to[18] our health, and even to our _very_ existence.—THE REV. DR. DICK.

[1] +Ausscheidung+, f.

[2] ‘(there) to be’, here +sich befinden+. Place the reflective pron. after the conjunction +daß+. The words ‘above — pores’ come after the relative clause ‘which — man’, after which place the verb +befinden+.

[3] +die Hälfte.+

[4] +entweichen.+

[5] +mittelst.+

[6] +unmerklich.+

[7] +an.+

[8] +aus´scheiden.+

[9] Say ‘During a seven hours’ (+siebenstündig+) sleep’.

[10] two pounds and a half, +drittehalb Pfund+.

[11] may = can.

[12] +durch.+

[13] +auf.+

[14] +bis.+

[15] Use the superlative of the adv. +hoch+.

[16] part — economy, +Einrichtung im tierischen Organismus+.

[17] Substitute a relative pronoun for the conjunction ‘and’, which will improve the sentence very much.

[18] +für.+

_Section 101._

THE DRAMA OF THE FRENCH[1] REVOLUTION OF 1848.

I.