Chapter VI: Part 6

[4] mean = understand; by, +unter+; use the 2nd pers. sing.

[5] +Die Lippen an den Rand der vollen Untertasse setzend+; to peer at a person, +auf einen blicken+; over it, +darüber weg+.

[6] +jemandes.+

[7] whatever (+das was+) one must really do to make one’s living (+seinen Unterhalt verdienen+).

[8] at play = for play (+zum Spielen+).

[9] Say ‘somewhat puzzled (+verlegen+) at (+über+) the meaning (+Sinn+, m.) of his words’.

[10] The words ‘I think, Brown’ are best placed at the head of the passage; Comp. S. 64, N. 11; to mix up, +vermengen+.

[11] +auf den Tisch stellen+.

[12] to get clear about a thing, +sich über etwas klar werden+. I cannot get clear about that, +ich kann mir darüber nicht klar werden+;—ought = should.

[13] Use the 2nd pers. sing., and read carefully S. 1, N. 3, and S. 87, N. 6, which will enable you to construe this passage. The adverbial clause ‘in the same breath’ (= in one breath) must be placed after the predicate ‘talk’; to talk of a thing, +von etwas sprechen+.

_Section 120._

DO GOOD IN YOUR OWN SPHERE OF ACTION.

II.

Now[1], you may be getting a good living in a profession, and yet doing no good _at all_ in the world, but (S. 6, N. 10) quite[2] the contrary. Keep[3] the latter before you as your one object, and you[4] will be right whether you make a living[5] or not; but[6] if you dwell on the other, you’ll very likely drop[7] into mere money-making, and let[8] the world take care of itself, for good or evil. Don’t be in a hurry[9] about finding your work in the world _for yourself_; you are not old enough to (S. 19, N. 7) judge for yourself yet, but just[10] look about you in the place you find yourself in, and try (S. 51, N. 13) to make things[11] a little better and honester there. You’ll[12] find plenty to keep your hand in at Oxford, or wherever else you [may] go. And[13] don’t be led away to think this part of the world important, and that unimportant. Every corner of the world is important. No man knows whether this _part_ or that part is[14] most so, but every man may[15] do some honest work in his own corner.—THOMAS HUGHES, “TOM BROWN’S SCHOOL DAYS.”

[1] Now — getting, +Du kannst dir nun aber vielleicht ... verdienen+.

[2] quite = just, +gerade+.

[3] Say ‘Keep the last part of your sentence as your principal aim (+Hauptzweck+, m.) before your eyes (+vor Augen+)’.

[4] Say ‘you will do right’.

[5] Insert +dabei+ after ‘living’.

[6] Say ‘but if you have only the other (to agree with ‘part’) before your eyes’.

[7] to drop into mere money-making, +in bloße Geldmacherei verfallen+.

[8] to let the world take care of itself for good or evil, +die Welt im Guten und im Bösen sich selbst überlassen+.

[9] to be in a hurry, +sich beeilen+; about finding = to find (S. 1, N. 3).

[10] ‘just’, here nur, which place after verb and pronoun; in the place, +an der Stelle+; to find oneself, +sich befinden+.

[11] ‘things’, here = life, with def. art., after which place the adv. ‘there’; honester = more virtuous.

[12] The clause ‘at Oxford — go’ is best placed at the head of the whole passage; to keep your hand in = to do.

[13] And — away, +Laß dich auch nicht dazu verleiten+; to think a thing important, +eine Sache für wichtig halten+.

[14] is most so = is most important.—=When the superlative is used as a predicate, it is generally preceded by +am+= (the preposition +an+ contracted with the definite article, dative case singular, masculine), =and takes the dative termination +en+=; as—This matter is not important, but that is _most important_, +diese Sache ist nicht wichtig, aber jene ist ~am wichtigsten~+.

[15] may — corner = can in his own corner do _something_ good.

_Section 121._

THE STATE[1] OF IRELAND.

(Conclusion of a Speech delivered[2] in the House of Commons in March 1868.)

I.

We must all endeavour to get[3] rid of passion in[4] discussing this church question, which[5], I am sorry to say, is, of all others, the most calculated to create passion. We are[6] all, I believe, of one religion. I do not know (S. 51, N. 13), but I suppose there[7] will come a time in the history of the world, when men will be astonished[8] that Catholic[9] and Protestant, Churchman[10] and Nonconformist[11], had[12] so much animosity and suspicion against each other.

I[13] _accept and_ believe in a very grand passage which I once met[14] with in the writings of the illustrious founder of the colony and (S. 10, N. 9) state _of_ Pennsylvania, that[15] “the humble[16], meek, merciful, just, pious, and devout souls are[6] everywhere of[6] one religion; and when death[17] (S. 3, N. 2) has taken off the mask, they will know[18] one another, though the diverse liveries[19] they wear make[20] them strangers.”

[1] +Zustand+, m.

[2] to deliver a speech, +eine Rede halten+. Construe according to S. 7, N. 3, _A_; the House of Commons, +das Haus der Gemeinen+.

[3] to get rid of passion, +sich der Leidenschaftlichkeit enthalten+.

[4] in discussion = when we discuss (+besprechen+).

[5] +welche leider mehr als jede andere dazu angethan ist, die Leidenschaften zu erregen.+

[6] are = have; of one = the same. Commence the passage with ‘I believe’.

[7] there — time, +es wird einst ... eine Zeit kommen+.

[8] to be astonished at a thing, +sich über etwas wundern+. Comp. S. 87, N. 6.

[9] Use the pl. with this and the three following nouns.

[10] = members of the English Church.

[11] +Nonkonformisten.+

[12] to have animosity, +Feindschaft hegen+.

[13] Say ‘I believe in (+an+, with Acc.) _the_ following sublime utterance (+Äußerung+, f.)’.

[14] met with = read.

[15] The passage ‘that — religion’ will be much improved by substituting the adverb ‘+nämlich+:’ (viz.) for the conjunction ‘that’.

[16] +die Bescheidenen.+

[17] After ‘death’ insert the pron. ‘+ihnen+’, which will make the reading much clearer; auxiliary ‘has’ may be omitted according to App. § 22.

[18] +sich einander erkennen.+

[19] Use the pl. of +Gewand+, n.

[20] make them strangers, +sie hienieden unter einander entfremden+.

_Section 122._

THE STATE OF IRELAND.

II.

Let us act in this spirit, and our work is[1] easy. The noble lord (S. 5, N. 2), towards[2] the conclusion of his speech, spoke of the cloud which is at present hanging[3] over Ireland. It is a dark and heavy cloud, and its darkness expands[4] over the feelings of men in all parts of the British Empire. But[5] there is a consolation that we may all take to ourselves. An inspired king, bard, and prophet has left[6] us words which[7] are not only the expression of a fact, but we may take them as the utterance of a prophecy. He says: “To[8] the upright there arises light in the darkness.”

Let us try in this matter to be upright[9]. Let us try to be just, and that cloud will[10] be dispelled; the dangers which we see will vanish; and we[11] may have the happiness of leaving[6] (S. 1, N. 3) to our children the heritage of an honourable citizenship in a united and prosperous[12] empire.—THE RIGHT HON. JOHN BRIGHT.

[1] is easy = will be easy for us (Dat. of persn. pron.).

[2] +an+, contr. with the dat. of the def. art.

[3] +schweben.+

[4] +sich erstre´cken.+

[5] Say ‘But one consolation we can all gather from it’. To gather, +entnehmen+; from, aus. Read S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

[6] +hinterlassen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[7] Say ‘which not merely designate (+bezeichnen+) a fact (S. 115, N. 2), but (S. 6, N. 10) which we may (= can) also take (+hin´nehmen+) as a prophecy (read App. § 18)’.

[8] “+Für den Gerechten erhebt sich ein Licht in der Finsternis+”.

[9] I think there is but the adj. ‘+gerecht+’ to render both ‘upright’ and ‘just’ in the underlying sense.

[10] +wird sich verteilen.+

[11] we may have = we shall perhaps have; happiness = joy.

[12] prosperous, +glücklich+; empire = state.

_Section 123._

DR. GUTHRIE ON RAGGED SCHOOLS[1].

I.

The[2] interest I have been led to take in the Ragged School movement is an example of how, in Providence, a man’s destiny—his course of life, like that of a river—may be determined and affected by very trivial circumstances. It is rather[3] curious—at least it is interesting for me to[4] remember—that (S. 66, N. 15) _it was_ by a picture I was first[5] led to take an interest in ragged schools—by a picture in an old, obscure[6], decaying burgh[7] that stands on the shores of the Frith of Forth, the birth-place (S. 53, N. 9) of[8] Thomas Chalmers. I went[9] to see this place many years ago, and, going (S. 55, N. 1) into an inn for[10] refreshment, I found the room covered (App. § 1) with pictures of shepherdesses with their crooks, and sailors in[11] holiday attire, not[12] particularly interesting. But above the chimney-piece there[13] was a large print[14], more[15] respectable than its neighbours, which[16] represented a cobbler’s room.

[1] +Doktor Guthrie über die Schulen für verwahrloste Kinder.—Sogenannte+ ‘Ragged Schools’ +existieren in Deutschland wohl nicht, und zwar aus dem einfachen Grunde, weil wir sie bisher nicht nötig hatten+.

[2] This passage requires an altogether different construction. Say ‘The circumstances which led me (+welche mich dahin führten+) to interest myself for the establishment of schools for neglected children, are an example of (+davon+) how through Providence (+durch die Vorsehung+) the fate of a man (+Mensch+)—his course of life (S. 76, N. 22, _B_, 1) like (+gleich+, with dat.) that of a river—can be determined and affected (+beeinflußt+) by very trivial (+geringfügig+) circumstances’. For the position of the verbs read App. §§ 16-20.

[3] ‘rather’, here = not _a_ little.

[4] to remember, +mich daran zu erinnern+.

[5] +zuerst.+

[6] obscure = unknown.

[7] ‘burgh’, here +Flecken+, m.; the relat. clause ‘that — Forth’ may be elegantly rendered attributively, thus: +am Ufer des Frith of Forth belegen+, which last word inflect correctly and place before the qualified noun ‘burgh’.

[8] +von.+

[9] went to see = visited; place, +Ort+, m.; the adverbial clause of time is best placed at the head of the passage.

[10] Say ‘to (= in order to) refresh myself’.

[11] in holiday attire, +im Festanzuge+.

[12] Insert ‘_which were_’.

[13] there was = hung.

[14] print, _Holzschnitt_, m.; or _Kupferstich_, m.

[15] Supply ‘which was’; ‘respectable’, here = tolerable, +erträglich+.

[16] Since we commenced the preceding clause with a relative pronoun, it need not be repeated here. Substitute the conj. ‘and’ for ‘which’; a cobbler’s room = the workshop of a cobbler.

_Section 124._

DR. GUTHRIE ON RAGGED SCHOOLS.

II.

The[1] cobbler was there himself, spectacles[2] on nose, an old shoe between his (S. 43, N. 9) knees, the massive[3] forehead and firm mouth indicating[4] great determination of character, and, beneath his bushy eyebrows, benevolence[5] gleamed out on a number of poor ragged boys and girls who stood at their lessons round the busy cobbler. My curiosity was awakened; and in the inscription I read how this man, John Pounds, a cobbler in Portsmouth, took[6] pity on the multitude of[7] poor ragged children left[8] by ministers and magistrates, _and_ ladies and gentlemen, to go to ruin in the streets—how[9], like a good shepherd, he gathered in these wretched[10] outcasts—how he had trained[11] them to God and the world—and how[12], while earning his daily bread by[13] the sweat of his brow, he had rescued[14] from misery and saved to[15] society not less than five hundred of these gentlemen[16]. I felt[17] ashamed of myself. I[18] felt reproved for the little I had done. My feelings[19] were touched. I was astonished at the man’s achievements; and I[20] well remember, in[21] the enthusiasm of the moment, saying to my companion (and I have seen in my cooler and calmer moments no reason for[22] unsaying the saying): “That man is[23] an honour to humanity, and deserves the greatest monument ever[24] raised within the shores of Britain.”

[1] The — himself, +Da saß der Schuhflicker, wie er leibte und lebte+.

[2] spectacles, +die Brille+; on, +auf+, with the def. art.

[3] broad.

[4] indicating = gave evidence of (_zeugen von_).

[5] benevolence — cobbler = shone forth (_erglänzen_) a pair _of_ benevolent eyes with which he looked (_blicken_) upon a number (+Anzahl+, f.) _of_ poor, ragged (+zerlumpt+) boys and girls who learned their lessons (+Aufgabe+, f.) and stood around the busy (= industrious) cobbler. To stand around a person, +um einen herum´stehen+.

[6] to take pity on a person, +sich jemandes erbarmen+, with gen.

[7] Use the gen. of the adjectives.

[8] left — streets = which ministers (+Geistliche+) and magistrates (+Obrigkeit+, f.) had left (+überlas´sen+) to their ruin in (+auf+) the streets. Read App. § 17.

[9] After ‘how’ follows the subject ‘he’ according to S. 66, N. 15.

[10] wretched = unfortunate; gathered in = assembled around himself, +um sich her versammelte+.

[11] to train, +erzie´hen+; to, +für+.

[12] +und wie er sie, während er ... verdiente.+

[13] by — brow, +im Schweiße seines Angesichtes+, which place after ‘daily bread’.

[14] to rescue from misery, +aus dem Elend ziehen+. The auxiliary verb, which must be used in the Subjunctive, according to App. §§ 28 and 30, may be omitted in the intermediate clauses of this long period, and placed but once at the end of the entire passage.

[15] Use the dat. of the def. art.

[16] The word ‘gentlemen’ is best used in its unaltered form in this passage. It should be placed in inverted commas.

[17] to feel ashamed of oneself, +sich beschämt fühlen+.

[18] Say ‘The little (+was+) I had done was to me (+mir+) a reproach’.

[19] feelings = heart.

[20] I well remember = I know yet very well.

[21] Say ‘that I said in the enthusiasm of the moment’, etc.

[22] +das Gesagte zu widerrufen.+

[23] +macht der Menschheit Ehre.+

[24] = which ever (+je+) has been raised within the British Isles.

_Section 125._

DR. GUTHRIE ON RAGGED SCHOOLS.

III.

I[1] took up that man’s history, and _I_ found it animated by[2] the spirit of[3] Him who[4] had “compassion on the multitude.” John Pounds was a clever man besides[5]; and, like[6] Paul, if he could not win a poor boy in (+auf+) any other way, he won him by art. He[7] would be seen chasing a ragged boy along the quays, and compelling him to come to[8] school, not by (+durch+) the power[9] of a policeman, but by the power of a hot potato. He knew the love an[10] Irishman has for a potato; and[11] John Pounds might be seen holding under a boy’s nose a _very_ hot potato, and[12] wearing a coat as ragged as the boy himself wore. When the day comes when[13] honour shall be done to whom honour is due[14], I[15] can fancy the crowd of those whose fame poets (S. 3, N. 2) have sung[16], and to whose memory monuments have been raised, dividing[17] like a wave, and[18] passing the great, and the noble, and the mighty of the land, this poor, obscure old man stepping forward and receiving the especial notice of Him who said: “Inasmuch[19] as ye did it to one of the least of those, ye did it also to me.”—DR. GUTHRIE.

[1] I followed up (_verfolgen_) the life of this man.

[2] +von.+

[3] of Him, +dessen+.

[4] who (_der da_) had compassion with the poor.

[5] +auch+, placed after the verb.

[6] +wie Paulus+, which place after ‘him’; by art = through cunning (+List+).

[7] He — seen = One saw him often; to chase a person, +einem nach´laufen+. Read S. 78, N. 14, 2.

[8] +zur Schule.+

[9] +Macht+, f.

[10] Say ‘of an I. for a hot potato’.

[11] and one could often see how J. P. held a hot potato under a boy’s nose.—To hold a potato under one’s nose, +einem eine Kartoffel unter die Nase halten+.

[12] and (insert here +dabei+) wore as ragged a coat as the boy himself.

[13] +an dem Ehre erwiesen wird.+

[14] to be due, +gebühren+.

[15] Say ‘then I see (+dann sehe ich im Geiste+) how all those’, etc.

[16] +besingen.+

[17] +sich gleich einer Woge auseinanderteilen.+

[18] and — said = see, how this poor, unknown old man steps forward (+hervor´treten+) and passes by (+an einem vorü´berschreiten+) the great, noble and mighty of the land, and is received (S. 2, N. 1) with especial attention by Him (+von Ihm+, which place after the conj. ‘and’) who (insert +da+) said.

[19] Say ‘What you (+ihr+) have done to the least (+dem Geringsten+) of (+unter+) these, that have you done to me’.

_Section 126._

SHYLOCK[1] MEDITATING REVENGE.

If it will feed[2] nothing else (S. 27, N. 8), it will[3] feed my revenge. He has disgraced[4] me, and hindered[5] me of half a million! laughed[6] at my losses, mocked[7] at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted[8] my bargains, cooled[9] my friends, heated[10] my enemies! And[11] what’s his reason? I am a Jew! Has[12] not a Jew eyes? Has not a Jew hands, organs, senses, affections,[13] passions? Is (S. 2, N. 1) he not fed with[14] the same food, hurt with the same weapon, subject[15] to the same diseases, healed[16] by the same means, warmed[17] and cooled by the same summer and winter, as a Christian _is_? If[18] you stab us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? and[19] if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like[20] you in the rest (S. 27, N. 8), we will resemble you in that[21]! If a Jew wrong a Christian, what[22] is his humility? Revenge[23]. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what[24] should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why[25], revenge! The villany you teach (S. 42, N. 4) me I[26] will execute; and[27] it shall go hard but[28] I will better the instruction.—WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, “THE MERCHANT OF VENICE.”

[1] +Shylock auf Rache sinnend.+

[2] feed = satisfy.

[3] Insert the adv. +doch+ after the subject.

[4] disgraced = insulted, +beschimpft+.

[5] +einen um etwas bringen.+

[6] Supply ‘has’ to begin this clause; at, +über+, with acc.

[7] to mock at a thing, +etwas verspotten+, v. tr.; ‘my gains’ may be rendered by meinen Profit.

[8] crossed (+durchkreu´zen+) my enterprises.

[9] cooled = made indifferent.

[10] heated = incited (+auf´reizen+).

[11] And for what (+aus welchem+) reason?

[12] =As a rule the English ‘not a’ or ‘not an’ is best rendered by the indef. numeral +kein+.= Say ‘Has a Jew no eyes’?

[13] feelings.

[14] +von.+

[15] Say ‘is he not subject to’, etc.; to be subject to a thing, +einer Sache unterworfen sein+.

[16] This verb requires again the passive voice, and copula and subject must be supplied; by, +durch+.

[17] Say ‘not warmed’, the auxiliary need not be repeated here.

[18] Begin with the principal sentence in this and the two following passages. ‘You’, here +ihr+.

[19] Say ‘and we shall not revenge ourselves, if you wrong us (+Unrecht zufügen+)’.

[20] to be like, +gleichen+, with dat.; in the rest, +in allem übrigen+.

[21] in that, +darin+.

[22] what is = in what (wherein) consists.

[23] +In der Rache.+

[24] in what (wherein) shall according to the Christian example consist his sufferance (+Dulden+, n., or +Duldung+, f.)?

[25] +Nun, doch wohl in der Rache!+

[26] +ich will sie anwenden.+

[27] and — hard, +und es müßte seltsam zugehen+.

[28] but — instruction = if I should not even (+noch+, after ‘not’) excel (‘should excel’ Imperf. of the Subj. of +übertreffen+; App. § 33) my teachers.

_Section 127._

CHARACTER[1] OF CHARLEMAGNE.

I.

In[2] analyzing the character of heroes it is hardly possible to separate altogether the[3] share of fortune from their own[4]. The epoch made[5] by Charlemagne in the history of the world, the illustrious families which[6] prided themselves in him as their progenitor, the[7] very legends of romance, which are full of his fabulous exploits, have[8] cast a lustre around his head, and testify[9] the greatness that has embodied itself in his name. None[10], indeed, of Charlemagne’s wars can be compared with the Saracenic victories of Charles Martel; but[11] that was a contest for freedom, his for conquest; and[12] fame is more partial to successful aggression than to patriotic resistance.

[1] Say ‘The character of Charles the Great (S. 53, N. 9)’. +~Karl der Große~ König der Franken und später römischer Kaiser, wurde am 2. April 742, wahrscheinlich zu Aachen, geboren und war der Sohn ~Pipins des Kleinen~ und der Enkel ~Karl Martells~, dessen Siege über die Sarazenen in dieser Lektion erwähnt werden. Nach dem Tode seines königlichen Vaters (768) trat er gemeinschaftlich mit seinem Bruder Karlmann die Regierung an, ward aber schon im Jahre 771, durch den Tod seines Bruders und die Ausschließung der Söhne desselben vom Throne, Alleinherrscher über alle Franken, von den Pyrenäen bis zum Niederrhein und zum Meere, auch in Deutschland über die Bayern, Thüringer und Alamannen. Durch zahlreiche Kriege erweiterte er jedoch die Grenzen seines Reiches sehr bald, und zwar nördlich bis zur Eider, südlich bis zum Ebro und nach Unteritalien, und östlich bis zur Saale, dem Böhmerwalde und der Theiß, bis er im Jahre 800 vom Papste Leo III. im St. Peters Dom zu Rom feierlich als römischer Kaiser gekrönt wurde. Er starb am 28. Januar 814. In Karl dem Großen, wie ihn die Geschichte mit Recht benannt hat, war der Begründer der staatlichen Ordnung für die gesammte Germanenwelt erschienen. Seine Lebensaufgabe, die ihm von Anfang an feststand, war, alle deutschen Stämme in den ~einen~ fränkischen Reichsverband und in die ~eine~ christliche Kirche zusammenzufassen. Dem besten Teile nach ist sie ihm gelungen, und so hat er der nachfolgenden Zeit, dem ganzen Mittelalter, das Gepräge seines Geistes aufgedrückt. In niemand stellt sich die echt deutsche Art der alten Zeit so herrlich dar, als in ihm. Als er die Krone erhielt, zählte er erst 26 Jahre, stand also in der Kraft und Blüte der Jugend. Er war von gewaltiger Körpergröße, eine Heldengestalt, und von nicht minder gewaltiger Körperkraft, so daß er beim fröhlichen Waidwerk den Kampf mit dem wilden Auerochsen in den Ardennenwäldern wie ein Spiel aufnahm; überhaupt von jener Lust an Krieg und Gefahr, wie sie den abenteuernden Heerkönigen der Völkerwanderung eigen gewesen war; in den wichtigen Dingen der Welt von jener Härte und Rücksichtslosigkeit, die noch keinem großen Manne gefehlt; und ebenso im kleinen Leben des Hauses und des täglichen Verkehrs von jener Milde, Heiterkeit und Frische des Gemütes, die so gerne Gefährten echter Größe sind. Alle diese Eigenschaften hatte er mit seinem damaligen Volke gemein; was ihn aber über dasselbe erhob, das war der weitschauende Geist, der dem alten Römertum das Vorbild eines weltumfassenden Staates abgelernt hatte, und der dies Muster ohne knechtische Nachahmung dem so ganz andern germanischen Wesen anzupassen wußte. Und zwar ist dieser Geist, der sich in ihm offenbarte, um so wundervoller, weil niemand nachweisen kann, wie er sich gebildet, und wer ihn so gelehrt und erzogen hat. Aus dem Dunkel seiner Zeit geht er, im eigenen Lichte leuchtend, auf.+

[2] +Beim Analysieren von Heldencharakteren.+

[3] the share (+Anteil+, m.) of fortune = of a happy (+günstig+) fate (+Geschick+, n.).

[4] Supply ‘individuality’; altogether = quite.

[5] made, +geschaffen+; by, +von+. Use the attributive construction as explained in S. 7, N. 3, _A_.

[6] Say ‘which called him with pride their progenitor’.

[7] Say ‘even the romantic legends’.

[8] Say ‘have crowned his head with glory (+Ruhm+, m.)’. =In elevated diction ‘head’ is rendered by ‘+Haupt+’=, n.

[9] +bezeugen+.

[10] Say ‘It is indeed (+wohl+) true that none of Charles’s wars can be compared to (+mit+) the victories of Charles Martel over the Saracens’.

[11] but — conquest = but these were contests for freedom (+Freiheitskämpfe+), whilst his (to agree with ‘wars’) were contests for conquest (+Eroberungskämpfe+).

[12] Say ‘and fame (S. 3, N. 2) has more partiality (+Vorliebe+, f.) for successful aggression (+Angriff+, m.)’, etc.

_Section 128._

CHARACTER OF CHARLEMAGNE.

II.

As _a_ scholar[1], his acquisitions[2] were little superior[3] to those of his unrespected son; and in[4] several points of view the glory of Charlemagne might be[5] extenuated by an analytical dissection. But[6] rejecting a mode of judging equally uncandid and fallacious, we shall find that he possessed in everything that grandeur of[7] conception which distinguishes extraordinary minds[8]. Like Alexander, he seemed born[9] for universal innovation[10]; in a life restlessly active[11], we see him reforming (S. 78, N. 14, _B_) the coinage[12], and establishing the legal divisions of money[13]; gathering[14] about him the learned of every country, founding schools _and_ collecting libraries; interfering[15], but with the tone of a King, in religious controversies; aiming[16], though prematurely, at the formation of a naval force; attempting[17], for[18] the sake of commerce, the magnificent[19] enterprise of uniting (S. 1, N. 3) the Rhine and[20] Danube; and[21] meditating to mould the[22] discordant codes of Roman and barbarian laws into one uniform system.—HALLAM, “THE STUDENT’S MIDDLE AGES.”

[1] Scholar = ‘pupil or schoolboy’ is rendered by +Schüler+; = ‘student’ by +Student+, and = ‘learned man’ by +Gelehrter+. The last sense is applicable here.

[2] acquisitions = knowledge.

[3] superior, +überlegen+, with dat. unrespected = unnoticed.

[4] in many respects, +in mancher Hinsicht+, after which place ‘might’.

[5] be — dissection, +durch eine eingehende Untersuchung geschmälert werden.+

[6] Say ‘But if we reject an equally (+eine ebenso+) partial (+parteiisch+) and (+als+) fallacious (+trügerisch+) mode of judging (+Beurteilungsweise+, f.)’.

[7] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[8] ‘mind’, here +Geist+, m.

[9] born = created; ‘universal’, here +weitumfassend.+

[10] innovations = reforms.

[11] =All parts qualifying a noun must be placed before it.=

[12] +Münzsystem+, n.

[13] form a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_; both nouns are combined in the sing.

[14] Complete the clause by saying: ‘we see him gathering’, etc.,—to gather, +versammeln+; about, +um+; of every country = of all countries.

[15] interfering in religious controversies, +sich mit religiösen Streitigkeiten befassen+; after which place the clause ‘but — King’, and supply ‘always’ after ‘but’; ‘tone’, here = dignity.

[16] This sentence should likewise be introduced by supplying ‘We see him’, after which place ‘though prematurely’ (+zu frühzeitig+); to aim, +streben (nach)+.

[17] Begin this clause with ‘see him’.

[18] for the sake of, +um ... willen+, with Gen.

[19] attempt the magnificent enterprise, +den großartigen Versuch machen.+

[20] and = with the.

[21] +und darauf sinnen.+

[22] the — laws, +die sich widersprechenden römischen und sonstigen Gesetze+; uniform, +einheitlich+; to mould, +verschmelzen.+

_Section 129._

GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.

I.

_Passing_ through an ante-chamber, where, in cupboards, stand his mineralogical collections, we enter (App. § 14) the study, a low-_roofed_, narrow room (+Gemach+, n.), somewhat dark (S. 128, N. 11), for it is (S. 2, N. 1) lighted only through two tiny windows, and[1] furnished with a simplicity quite touching to behold.

In the centre[2] stands a plain oval table of unpolished oak[3]. No arm-chair is to be seen, no sofa, nothing which (S. 3, N. 7) speaks[4] of comfort. A plain hard chair has[5] beside it the basket in which he used[6] to place his handkerchief. Against[7] the wall, on the right, is a[8] long pear-tree table, with book-shelves, on which stand lexicons and manuals. Here hangs a pincushion, venerable in[9] dust, with the visiting-cards, and other trifles which[10] death had made sacred. Here[11] also a medallion of Napoleon, with this[12] circumscription: “Scilicet[13] immenso superest ex nomine multum.” On the side-wall again, a book-case, with some works of poets. On the wall to the left is a long desk of soft wood, at[14] which he was wont[6] to write. A sheet of paper with notes of[15] contemporary history is fastened near[16] the door, and behind[17] this door tables[18] of music and geology.

[1] and — behold = and is (+ist+) furnished with an almost (+fast+) touching simplicity.

[2] middle.

[3] +Eichenholz+, n.; the oak = _oak-tree_, is rendered by +Eiche+, f., or +Eichbaum+, m.

[4] speaks = points to; to point to a thing, +auf etwas deuten+.

[5] has beside it = stands beside.

[6] used to place, +zu legen pflegte+. ‘=To use=’, when employed _transitively_, is generally rendered by +brauchen+, +gebrauchen+, +benutzen+, +an´wenden+, and +verbrauchen+, whilst _intransitively_ it is rendered by +pflegen+ or +gewohnt sein+, in the sense of ‘to be accustomed to’, ‘to be in the habit of’, ‘to be wont to do’.

[7] Against = on; on (_or_ to) the right, +rechts+; on (_or_ to) the left, +links+.

[8] +ein langer Tisch von Birnbaumholz.+

[9] in dust = through its age.

[10] which — sacred, +die durch den Tod geheiligt sind+.

[11] Insert ‘is’ or ‘hangs’.

[12] this = the.

[13] Scilicet — multum, Little honour is derived from a great name.

[14] at, +an+.

[15] +über die+ (or +aus der+) +Tagesgeschichte+.

[16] +in der Nähe der Thür+; to fasten, +an´heften.+

[17] +an+; supply ‘hang’ after ‘door’.

[18] +musikalische und geologische Tabellen.+

_Section 130._

GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.

II.

The same door leads into a bedroom; it is a[1] closet with a window. A simple bed, an arm-chair by[2] its side, and a tiny washing-table, with a small white basin _on it_ and a sponge, is[3] all the furniture.

From the other side of the study we enter the library, which should[4] rather be called a lumber-room of books. Rough[5] deal shelves hold the books with[6] bits of paper, on which are written “philosophy,” “history,” “poetry,” etc., to mark the classification. He rose at seven [o’clock], sometimes[7] earlier, after a sound _and_ prolonged[8] sleep; for like Thorwaldsen[9] he had a “talent for sleeping,” only surpassed (S. 7, N. 3, _B_) by[10] his talent for[11] continuous work. Till eleven he worked without _any_ interruption. A cup of chocolate was then[12] brought, and[13] he resumed work till one. At two he dined. This[14] meal was the important meal of the day. His appetite was immense. Even on _the_ days when[15] he complained of not being hungry, he ate much more than most men. Puddings, sweets[16], and cakes were always welcome. He sat[17] a long while over his wine, chatting[18] gaily to some friend or other—for he never dined alone—or to one of the actors, whom he had often with[19] him, after dinner, to read over their parts, and to take[20] his instructions.

[1] +ein kleines Kabinett.+

[2] by its side = before it, +davor+.

[3] is — furniture = form (+bilden+) the whole furniture (+Mobiliar+, n.).

[4] should rather be called = could (Impf. subj.) much rather (+vielmehr+) be called. The auxiliary ‘could’ stands last of all, whilst ‘called’ has the first place of the three verbs, which are used in the Passive Voice.

[5] Say ‘Upon simple (+schlicht+) deal boards stand the books’.

[6] The passage ‘with — classification’ may be simplified by saying: ‘on (+an+) which (+denen+) bits of paper with the labels (+Aufschrift+, f.) ... indicate (+bezeichnen+) a certain order’. The abbreviation ‘etc.’ corresponds to the German ‘+u. s. w.+’, which is the short for ‘+und so weiter+’, and so on.

[7] Insert +auch+ after ‘sometimes’.

[8] long.

[9] +~Albert Bertel Thorwaldsen~, berühmter dänischer Bildhauer, wurde im Jahre 1770 auf der See zwischen Island und Kopenhagen geboren, war ein Schüler der Kunstakademie zu Kopenhagen und lebte von 1796 bis 1838 in Rom, kehrte aber dann nach seiner Heimat zurück, wo er am 24. März 1844 starb. Thorwaldsen ist der Schöpfer zahlreicher idealer Werke im echten klassischen Geiste altgriechischer Kunst, welche meistens der antiken Mythologie, zum Teil aber auch der christlichen Religionsanschauung entlehnt sind. Sein Name wird unsterblich sein, denn er lebt der Welt in seinen unvergleichlichen Werken fort, die zu Kopenhagen von seinen begeisterten Landsleuten in einem besonders dazu gebauten Museum, welches den Namen des weltberühmten Künstlers trägt, zur Bewunderung der Nachwelt ausgestellt sind.+

[10] +durch.+

[11] +zur unausgesetzten Arbeit.+

[12] Place the adv. ‘then’ at the head of the sentence, and supply ‘for him’ (+ihm+) after the auxiliary. =As a rule the person or persons for whose benefit an action is done must be indicated in German=; as—I will buy a hat, +ich will ~mir~ einen Hut kaufen+.

[13] and — one = whereupon he worked again till one o’clock.

[14] This — day = This was his principal meal. Form a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.

[15] when (+wo+) he complained of (+über+) want (+Mangel+, m.) of (+an+) appetite.

[16] +Süßigkeiten.+

[17] To sit a long while over one’s wine, +lange beim Wein sitzen+.

[18] chatting = and chatted (+plaudern+); to some friend or other = to (+mit+) this or that friend.

[19] +bei sich+; after — parts = to (= in order to) read to him their parts (+Rollen+) after dinner (+nach Tische+, which place after the conj. +um+ and the dat. of the persn. pron.). To read, +vor´lesen+.

[20] To take instructions, +Anweisungen entge´gennehmen+.

_Section 131._

GOETHE’S DAILY LIFE AT WEIMAR.

III.

He was fond of wine (S. 3, N. 2) and drank daily his two or three bottles. Lest[1] this statement should convey a false impression, I hasten to[2] recall to the reader’s recollection the very different habits of our fathers in respect to drinking. It was no[3] unusual thing to be called “a three-bottle-man” in those days in England, when[4] the three bottles were _of_ port or Burgundy; and Goethe, a[5] Rhinelander, accustomed from boyhood to wine, drank a wine which his English contemporaries would have called water. The[6] amount he drank never did more than exhilarate him, and never made him unfit for work or for society. Over[7] his wine, then, he sat some hours; no _such thing as_ dessert was seen upon his table in those days; not even the customary coffee after dinner. His mode[8] of living was extremely simple; and even when persons[9] of very moderate circumstances burned wax[10], two[11] poor tallow candles were all that could be seen in his rooms. In the evening he often went to the theatre, and there[12] his _customary_ glass of punch was brought (S. 4, N. 4, +man+) at six o’clock (App. § 9). If (S. 27, N. 7) not at the theatre, he received friends at[13] home. Between eight and nine a frugal supper was laid[14], but[15] he never took anything except a little salad or preserves. By[16] ten o’clock he was usually in bed.—G. H. LEWES, “LIFE OF GOETHE.”

[1] Lest — impression = In order that (+Damit+) this observation may (Present Subj. of +mögen+; read App. §§ 33 and 34) not make a false impression.—For the position of the verbs see App. § 18.

[2] to — drinking = to remind the reader of (+an+) the very different (+ganz andern+) habits of our fathers in respect of drinking.—To transl. ‘drinking’ form a noun of the infinitive of the verb ‘to drink’, and use it with the def. art., according to S. 3, N. 2, and S. 11, N. 7.

[3] no — thing, +nichts Ungewöhnliches+; in those days, +damals+, which place with ‘in England’ after ‘was’.

[4] ‘when’, here +wo+. Notice that: =The relative conjunction ‘+wo+’ is often used in reference to time as a translation of ‘when’ in the sense of ‘at= (=in= _or_ =during=) =which time’=; as—+Es geschah zu einer Zeit, ~wo~+ (+zu+ or +in welcher+) +Sie abwesend waren+, it happened at a time _when_ you were absent. =It is also used relatively, in reference to place, instead of a relative pronoun preceded by a preposition=; as—+Kennst du das Land, ~wo~ (in welchem) die Zitronen blühen?+ (Goethe) Know you the land _where_ (in which) the citrons bloom? +Dies ist das Haus, wo (in dem) er wohnt+, this is the house where (in which) he lives.

[5] a — wine, +als Rheinländer von Jugend auf an Wein gewöhnt+.

[6] The — him = What he drank had never any (= an) other effect than (+als+) to exhilarate him; to exhilarate, +angenehm an´regen+.

[7] So he sat for hours (+stundenlang+) over his (+beim+) wine.

[8] +Lebensweise+, f.

[9] +Leute+; of = in.

[10] wax = wax candles.

[11] two — rooms = one saw in his rooms only two poor (+dürftig+) tallow candles.

[12] +dahin+.

[13] +bei sich zu Hause+.

[14] to lay a frugal supper, +ein einfaches Abendessen auftragen+; to lay the table (the cloth), +den Tisch decken+.

[15] Say ‘but he (himself) took (+essen+ or +genießen+, S. 3, N. 8.) only a little salad or preserves’.

[16] +Um+.

_Section 132._

THE[1] PROGRESS IN THE ART OF PRINTING.

(Conclusion[2] of a speech delivered at the Caxton Celebration, June 30, 1877, in London.)

I now call[3] attention, in[4] a few words, to the progress of this art. I hold _up_ a volume in my (S. 43, N. 9) hand, to[5] which I beg everyone to direct his eye, because I think it[6] may be called the climax and consummation of this art. This[7] volume is bound, as you see, and stamped with the arms of the University _of_ Oxford. It is a Bible bound[8] in a manner that commends itself to the reader—I believe[9] in every sense an excellent piece of workmanship, containing more than _one_[10] thousand pages. Well[11], you will say: “That is very[12] commonplace, why bring it before us?” I do so[13] in order to tell[14] you that this book sixteen hours ago did not exist—it[15] was not bound, it was not folded, it was not printed. Since the clock struck twelve last night at[16] the University Press in Oxford, the people (+man+) there have printed and sent us this book. They (+man+) have sent several copies[17] to[18] be distributed here in the midst of your festival. That shows what can be done, and _that is_ what has been done, and[19] it shows the state to which this great art is now happily arrived. If[20] I began with a humiliating confession as to the small share we could claim in contributing to the early history of printing, we may[21] leave off, ladies and gentlemen, in a better spirit, because I think that such a performance as this is[22] one that will be admitted to be a credit in any portion of the world. Now I will trouble you no longer, but (S. 6, N. 10) will ask[23] you to[24] drink with me to the memory of this most distinguished name: “To[25] the memory of[26] William Caxton, the (S. 53, N. 9) first English printer, and a native[27] of _this_ our beloved country[28].”—THE RIGHT HON. W. E. GLADSTONE.

[1] +Die Fortschritte in der Buchdruckerkunst.+ =The noun ‘progress’ is generally rendered by the corresponding plural form in German.=

[2] +Schluß einer am 30. Juni 1877 bei Gelegenheit der Caxtonfeier in London gehaltenen Rede. ~William Caxton~, der erste Buchdrucker Englands, wurde im Jahre 1412 zu Weald m Kent geboren, wohnte aber später als Bürger und Kaufmann in London, woselbst er auch im Jahre 1492 starb.+

[3] to call a person’s attention to a thing, +einen auf etwas aufmerksam machen+. Begin with the adv. ‘now’, and supply the personal object ‘+Sie+’.

[4] in a = with; of = in.

[5] = which I beg you all to look at (+betrachten+, v. tr.).

[6] it — art = we may (+dürfen+) consider (+an´sehen+) it the climax and consummation (+als die höchste Stufe der Vollendung+) of (= in) this art.

[7] Say ‘As you see, this volume (here +Einband+) is stamped with the arms’, etc.

[8] bound — reader = the binding of which must commend (App. § 18) itself at once (+sich von selbst+) to the reader.

[9] Here insert ‘it is’; sense = respect, +Beziehung+, f.; piece of workmanship = ‘work of art’, which render by forming a comp. n. according to S. 36, N. 7, _A_.

[10] =’One’ or ‘a’ before ‘hundred’ and ‘thousand’ is, as a rule, not translated in German.=

[11] Say ‘But (which place after the copula ‘will’) you will perhaps say’.

[12] +etwas ganz Gewöhnliches, wozu es uns noch zeigen?+

[13] =The English ‘so’ in connection with a transitive verb is generally to be rendered by ‘+es+’. If we want to emphasize the object, however, we use either of the demonstrative pronouns ‘+das+’ or ‘+dies+’, and place it at the head of the clause=; as—Do you think _so_? +Glauben Sie ~es~?+ No, I do not, +Nein, ~das~ glaube ich nicht+.

[14] +sagen+ or +mit´teilen+.

[15] Say ‘it was neither bound, nor ... nor ...’

[16] Render ‘at the’ by the gen. of the def. art.; and place the clause ‘at — Oxford’ after ‘clock’. Last night, +vergangene Nacht+.

[17] ‘=Copy=’ in the signification of ‘specimen’ is rendered by +=Exemplar=+, n.; pl. +e+ (= +e+); +=Kopie=+, f., is the written copy of any book, document or MS.

[18] Say ‘in order to distribute them here during this festival’.

[19] and — arrived = and it shows the high degree (+Stufe+, f.) of (+der+) perfection which this great art has reached now-a-days (+heutzutage+) (App. § 17).

[20] If — printing = If I began with the humiliating confession that we in respect to (+auf+) our contribution to the (+zur+) early (+früheren+) history of the art of printing can claim (+beanspruchen dürfen+, which comes last) only a small (+gering+) share.

[21] may = can; leave off = conclude; spirit = mood, +Stimmung+, f.; performance, +Leistung+, f.

[22] is — world, +überall in der Welt mit Ehren anerkannt werden wird+.

[23] ‘=To ask=’ in the signification of ‘asking a question’ is rendered by +=fragen=+ or +=eine Frage stellen=+, but in that of ‘=to request=’ by +=bitten=+.

[24] to — name = to empty your glasses with me to the (+zum+) memory (+Andenken+) of (+an+) this most (+höchst+) distinguished name; (‘your glasses to empty’ must be placed at the end.)

[25] +Zum Gedächtnis.+

[26] Use the Anglo-Saxon genitive here.

[27] native = son.

[28] country = fatherland.

_Section 133._

ROBERT DICK, THE BAKER, GEOLOGIST, AND BOTANIST.

Not long ago, Sir Roderick Murchinson discovered at Thurso, in the far north of Scotland, a profound[1] geologist, in the person of a baker there[2], named Robert Dick. When (S. 4, N. 2) Sir Roderick called upon him at[3] the bakehouse in which (S. 131, N. 4) he baked and earned his bread, Robert Dick delineated[4] _to him_ by[5] means of flour upon a board, the geographical features[6] and geological phenomena of his native country, pointing[7] out its imperfections in[8] the existing maps, which[9] he had ascertained by travelling over the country in his leisure hours. On[10] further inquiry, Sir Roderick ascertained[11] that the humble[12] individual before him was not only a capital baker and geologist, but also a first-rate[13] botanist. “I found,” said the Director-General of the Geographical Society, “to my great humiliation, that this baker[14] knew infinitely more of (S. 40, N. 9) botanical science, ay, ten times more, than I _did_; and that there were (S. 82, N. 7) only some twenty or thirty specimens[15] of flowers which he had not collected. Some he had obtained[16] as presents, some (= others) he had purchased, but the greater portion had been accumulated[17] by his industry, in his native county _of_ Caithness; and the specimens[18] were all arranged[19] in the most beautiful order, with[20] their scientific names affixed.”—S. SMILES, “SELF-HELP.”

[1] +gründlich.+

[2] +dortig+, which use attributively before the noun ‘baker’; named, +namens+.

[3] +in+.

[4] +entwerfen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[5] +mittels eines mit Mehl bestreuten Brettes.+

[6] +Umrisse.+

[7] Say ‘whereby he pointed out the imperfections’. To point out a thing, +auf etwas verweisen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[8] Use the gen. of the def. art.

[9] which — hours = of which (+wovon+) he had convinced himself on (+auf+) his travels through the country in his leisure hours (+Mußestunden+).

[10] +Nach weiterer Prüfung.+

[11] ascertained = learnt, +erfuhr+, from +erfahren+.

[12] humble = modest; individual = man.

[13] first-rate = considerable, +bedeutend+.

[14] Here follow the words ‘of — science’ after which transl. the adv. ‘infinitely’, which is followed by ‘ay (+ja+) ten times more’ and the verb ‘knew’.

[15] specimens of flowers, +Blumenarten+.

[16] To obtain a thing as present, +etwas geschenkt erhalten+.

[17] accumulated = collected. Where, and in what order, must the verbs be placed? Which voice must you use?—native, +heimisch+.

[18] +Exemplar+, n.; pl. +e+.

[19] +zusam´menstellen+, sep. comp. w. v.

[20] and the scientific names everywhere (+überall+) affixed (+hinzu´fügen+), sep. comp. w. v.

_Section 134._

THE GOSPEL OF WORK.

I.

Work, hard[1] work, is a blessing to[2] the soul and the character[3] of the man who works. Young men[4] may not think so. They[5] may say: “What[6] more pleasant than to have[7] one’s fortune made for one, and[8] have nothing more before one than to enjoy life? What[6] more pleasant than to be idle; or, at least, to do only what one likes, and no more than one likes?” But they would find themselves mistaken. They would find that idleness makes a man[9] restless, discontented, greedy, the[10] slave of his own lusts and passions, and see, too late, that no man[9] is more to be pitied than the man[11] who has nothing to do. Yes, thank[12] God, every morning, when you get up, that you have something to do that day which must be done, whether you like it or not. Being[13] forced to work, and forced to do your best, will breed in[14] you temperance and self-control, diligence and strength of will, cheerfulness and content, and _a_ (S. 132, N. 10) hundred virtues which the idle[15] man will never know.

[1] +schwer.+

[2] +für.+

[3] character = dignity. Turn ‘of — works’ by ‘of him (+dessen+) who (after which insert the adv. +da+) works.

[4] men = people, +Leute+. =When ‘people’ signifies ‘persons’ in the general sense of the word, it is mostly rendered by +Leute+. In the signification of ‘nation’ it is rendered by +Volk+, n., corresponding to the Latin ‘populus’ and the French ‘peuple’.= In the first signification, however, we can often translate it by the indefinite pronoun ‘+man+’, which also corresponds to the English ‘=they=’, ‘=we=’, ‘=you=’, used in a general and indefinite sense.

[5] = They say perhaps.

[6] +Was giebt es.+

[7] to have = to see; for one = by (+von+) others.

[8] Say ‘with no other task than to enjoy one’s life’?

[9] ‘=Man=’ is here used in the signification of ‘human being’, when it is generally rendered by ‘+=der Mensch=+’.

[10] Read S. 102, N. 13.

[11] Use the demonstrative pron. +derjenige+.

[12] When the Imperative of the 2nd pers. is used in a general application, we use it either in the 2nd pers. sing. or the 2nd pers. pl. Use the 2nd pers. sing. in this case.

[13] Being — best = The compulsion (+Zwang+, m.) to work (+zur Arbeit+) and the necessity to do your (= thy) best.

[14] Place ‘in you’ (= thee) after ‘virtues’, immediately before the infinitive ‘breed’ (= awaken, +erwecken+).

[15] the idle man, +der Müßiggänger+.

_Section 135._

THE GOSPEL OF WORK.

II.

The monks in olden times found it so[1]. When (S. 18, N. 6) they shut[2] themselves up from the world to worship God in[3] prayers and hymns, they found that [here follows the subject “they”], without working[4], without[5] hard work either of head or of hands, they could not[6] even be good men (S. 134, N. 9). The[7] devil came and[8] tempted them, they said, as often as they were[9] idle. An idle monk’s soul was lost, they used (S. 129, N. 6) to say, and they spoke truly. Though they gave[10] up a large portion of[11] every day, and of every night also, to[12] prayer and worship, (S. 27, N. 8) yet[13] they found [that] they could not pray aright without work.

And “working (S. 11, N. 7) is praying,” said one of the holiest of them that[14] ever lived; and he spoke truth (S. 3, N. 2); if[15] a man will but do his work for the sake of duty, which is for the sake of God.—CHARLES KINGSLEY.

[1] Turn ‘it so’ by ‘+das+’, which place at the head of the sentence, using the inverted construction and inserting the adv. ‘+auch+’ after the verb.

[2] to shut oneself up, +sich ab´schließen+, sep. comp. str. v. refl.

[3] durch; to worship, +verehren+.

[4] working = work.

[5] +ohne angestrengte Kopf- oder Handarbeit+.

[6] not even, +nicht einmal+.

[7] The words ‘They said’ are best placed at the head of this passage. To translate the verbs correctly, you must carefully read App. §§ 28 and 30.

[8] and tempted them = in order to tempt them.

[9] +wären.+

[10] ‘to give up’, here = to devote, +widmen+, with dat.

[11] of — also = of the day and of the night.

[12] +dem Gebet und den Andachtsübungen.+

[13] yet, +doch+, to be placed after the subject.

[14] who ever (+je+) has lived. How must the verbs be placed?

[15] Begin a new period here, and say: ‘When a man (S. 134, N. 9) does his work for the sake of (+um ... willen+, which governs the Gen.) his duty, (S. 27, N. 8) he does it (to agree with ‘duty’) for God’s sake’.

_Section 136._

DO NOT BE ASHAMED OF YOUR ORIGIN[1].

I.

General Bau, a German (S. 101, N. 1) officer in[1] the service of Russia, who had contributed much to the elevation of the great Catherine[2], had[3] orders to march to Holstein with a body of troops of which he had the command. He was a soldier of fortune, and no one knew either his family or his native place. One day (S. 19, N. 2), as he was encamped near[4] Husum, he invited the principal[5] officers to dinner. As they were sitting down to the table, they[6] saw a plain miller and his wife brought into the tent, whom[7] the general had sent his aide-de-camp to seek. The poor miller and his wife approached, trembling (S. 53, N. 12) with[8] apprehension. The general reconciled them to[9] their situation, and made[10] them sit down beside him to dinner, during which he asked[11] them a number of questions about their family.

[1] Origin, +Herkunft+, f.; in the service of Russia, +in russischen Diensten+.

[2] +~Katharina~+ I., +~Kaiserin von Rußland~, wurde am 15. April 1684 geboren und war die Tochter eines lithauischen Bauers, namens Samuel Skawronski. Im Jahre 1701 wurde sie die Gattin eines schwedischen Dragoners, fiel dann bei der Einnahme Marienburgs durch die Russen (1702) in die Hände des russischen Generals Scheremetjew, durch den sie zum Fürsten Menschikow und endlich zum Kaiser Peter dem Großen kam, der sich in sie verliebte und sich im Jahre 1707 heimlich mit ihr vermählen ließ. Ihr eigentlicher Taufname war ~Martha~, beim Übertritt zur griechisch katholischen Kirche erhielt sie jedoch die Namen Katharina Alexiewna. Im Jahre 1711 gelang es ihr, indem sie sich die Gunst des Großveziers zu gewinnen wußte, am Pruth das russische Heer durch List aus gefährlicher Lage zu befreien, worauf sie im Jahre 1712 von Peter dem Großen öffentlich als seine rechtmäßige Gemahlin anerkannt wurde. Sie wurde endlich im Jahre 1724 als Kaiserin feierlich gekrönt, als sie jedoch nach Peters des Großen Tode im Jahre 1725 auf Betrieb des Fürsten Menschikow als regierende Kaiserin ausgerufen wurde, überließ sie sich einer zügellosen Lebensweise und starb am 17. Mai 1727. Sie ward Mutter dreier Töchter, Katharina, Anna (Mutter Peters III.) und Elisabeth, der nachmaligen Kaiserin.+

[3] Say ‘had the order’; render ‘to march — command,’ liter. = with an under his command standing body of troops (+Truppencorps+, n.) to (S. 72, N. 4) Holstein to march.

[4] near = not far from, +unweit+.

[5] = first.

[6] = they saw that a simple miller and his wife were brought into the tent.

[7] +die der General durch seinen Adjutanten hatte holen lassen.+

[8] +vor+.

[9] +mit+.

[10] made them sit down, +ließ+ (or +hieß+, bade) +sie ... platz´nehmen+; beside him = on his side; to dinner, +beim Essen+.

[11] to ask a person numerous questions, +einem viele Fragen vor´legen+; about, +über+.

_Section 137._

DO NOT BE ASHAMED OF YOUR ORIGIN.

II.

The good man told him _that_ he was (App. § 28) the eldest son of a miller, and that he had two brothers in[1] a mercantile line and a sister. “But,” said the general, “had you[2] not another brother besides the two whom you have mentioned?” The miller told him he had another[3] brother, but[4] he went to the wars very young, and as[5] they had never heard of him, they supposed he was dead. The[6] general, reading (S. 16, N. 4) in the eyes of the officers that they were surprised at his entertaining himself so long with questioning the poor man, turned to them and said: “Gentlemen, you have always been curious to know from what family I sprung[7]; I now tell[8] you that I am not ashamed of my origin; that I am the brother of this honest miller; he has given you the history[9] of my family.” The general, after spending[10] (S. 55, N. 1) the day with his relations, in[11] the festivity of which his officers heartily joined, took measures to better their fortune[12].—ANECDOTES.

[1] in — line, +im Kaufmannsstande+.

[2] Translate ‘you’ by +Ihr+ in this address, and use the verb in the 2nd pers. pl., which at that time was the common address for people of the lower rank of society. Say ‘had you (+Ihr+) besides (+außer+) the two already mentioned brothers not yet another’?

[3] +noch einen.+

[4] +aber er sei sehr jung in den Krieg gezogen.+

[5] +da+; read S. 27, N. 8.

[6] Say ‘The general who read in the eyes of the officers their surprise (insert +darüber+), that he occupied himself so long with the questioning (+Ausfragen+, n.) of the poor man’.

[7] +stammen.+

[8] tell = say.

[9] family-history, S. 76, N. 22, _A_.