Chapter VII: Part 7

[10] To spend a day with one’s relations, +einen Tag in Gesellschaft seiner Verwandten verleben+.

[11] +bei welcher Festlichkeit sich die Offiziere herzlich beteiligten.+

[12] fortune = position.

_Section 138._

NOT NEAR ENOUGH YET.

There[1] is a popular report in the Brandenburg district, where Bismarck’s family has been so many centuries at home, which attributes to the Bismarcks, as the characteristic saying of the house, the phrase: “+Noch lange nicht genug+”—(Not near enough yet), _and_ which expresses[2], we[3] suppose, the popular[4] conception of[5] their tenacity of purpose—that[6] they were not tired out of any plan they had formed by a reiterated failure or a pertinacious opposition which would have disheartened most of their compeers. There[7] is a somewhat extravagant illustration of this characteristic in Bismarck’s wild, youthful days, if his biographer may be trusted. When studying[8] law at Berlin, he had been more than once disappointed[9] by a bootmaker who[10] did not send home his boots when they were promised. Accordingly[11] when this next happened, a servant of the young jurist appeared at the bootmaker’s at six in the morning (App. § 9) with the simple question: “Are Herr[12] von Bismarck’s boots ready?” When he was told they were not[13], he departed[14], but _at_ ten minutes past six another servant appeared, asking[15] the same question, and[16] so at precise intervals of ten minutes it went on all day, till by[17] the evening the boots were finished and[18] sent home.—EARLE, “THE PHILOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH TONGUE.”

[1] Say ‘In the province _of_ Brandenburg, where the family Bismarck for (+seit+) several centuries is at home (‘to be at home,’ here +ansässig sein+) there is (+existiert+) a popular (+volkstümlich+) report (+Sage+, f.) which, as _a_ characteristic saying (+Wahlspruch+, m.) attributes (+zu´schreiben+, with the dat.) to the Bismarcks the phrase (+Motto+, n.)’.

[2] +bezeichnet.+

[3] Say ‘as we suppose’, which place after the rel. pron.

[4] +populär+; conception, +Vorstellung+, f.

[5] +von ihrem zähen Festhalten am Zwecke.+

[6] that they even (+auch+) through repeated failure (+Fehlschlagen+) or pertinacious (+hartnäckig+) opposition (+Widerstand+, m.), which would have discouraged (+entmutigt hätte+, which place at the end of this clause) most of their compeers (+Standesgenossen+), were not tired out of any plan they had formed (+sich nicht von ihrem einmal gefaßten Plane abbringen ließen+).

[7] A somewhat eccentric illustration (+Belag+, m.) of (+für+) this characteristic quality we find in Bismarck’s wild (+stürmisch+) youth, if we can trust his biographer.

[8] To study law, +Jura studieren+.

[9] +täuschen+; by, +von+.

[10] Say ‘who had not (App. § 10) sent back his boots at the appointed (+verabredet+) time’.

[11] When (S. 4, N. 2) it therefore happened again (+wieder geschehen+).

[12] +=Fürst Otto von Bismarck= wurde am 1. April 1815 zu Schönhausen, dem Stammgute der Familie Bismarck, in der Provinz Brandenburg im Königreiche Preußen geboren. Er entstammt der alten preußischen adeligen Familie von Bismarck, welche auch von Bismarck-Schönhausen genannt wird, um dieselbe von der ihr verwandten Familie von Bismarck-Bohlen zu unterscheiden. Von Bismarck trat zuerst öffentlich auf dem Landtage von 1847 als Führer der äußersten Rechten+ (extreme Conservatives) +und dann als Mitglied der im Jahre 1848 tagenden zweiten preußischen Kammer+ (the Prussian House of Commons) +als entschiedener Gegner des Repräsentationssystems+ (Representative Government) +und der Reichsverfassung hervor. Sein entschiedenes Talent für die diplomatische Laufbahn bestimmte die Regierung, ihn im Jahre 1851 zum Legationssekretär bei der preußischen Bundestagsgesandschaft in Frankfurt a/M. zu ernennen. Drei Monate später wurde er jedoch schon zum Bundestagsgesandten erhoben, in welcher Eigenschaft er vergeblich Preußens Gleichstellung mit Östreich beim Bundestage erstrebte. Nachdem er seit dem 1. April 1859 preußischer Gesandter in Petersburg und seit dem Frühjahr 1862 Botschafter in Paris gewesen, trat er am 24. September desselben Jahres als Minister des Auswärtigen an die Spitze des neu ernannten Kabinetts. Es würde zu weit führen, hier auf die Einzelheiten seiner großartigen Erfolge als Ministerpräsident einzugehen, genüge es zu bemerken, daß sein Hauptstreben darauf gerichtet war, Preußen zur herrschenden Macht in Deutschland zu machen, Östreich daraus zu verdrängen, und schließlich durch Auflösung des deutschen Staatenbundes ein einiges Deutschland unter dem Zepter Preußens zu schaffen. Wie ihm diese Aufgabe gelang, ist allgemein bekannt. Die schon lange zwischen Preußen und Östreich bestandene Eifersucht brach endlich im Jahre 1866 durch den Krieg in lichten Flammen aus. Preußen ging glänzend aus demselben als Sieger hervor. Durch den Prager Friedensvertrag entsagte Östreich nicht allein seinen Ansprüchen als Präsidialmacht im deutschen Staatenbunde, sondern schied gänzlich aus demselben aus und erkannte den unter Preußens Führung zu stiftenden Norddeutschen Bund an. In Anerkennung seiner großen Erfolge wurde Bismarck nach beendigtem Kriege in den Grafenstand erhoben und zugleich zum Kanzler des Norddeutschen Bundes ernannt, dessen Angelegenheiten er mit so bedeutendem Geschick leitete, daß bei der im Jahre 1870 von Frankreich an Preußen erfolgten Kriegserklärung auch die Südstaaten sich dem Norddeutschen Bunde anschlossen und das ganze Deutschland vereinigt gegen den Feind in den Kampf ziehen konnte, aus dem es mit Lorbeeren gekrönt siegreich hervorging. Schon am 18. Januar 1871 ward König Wilhelm I. von Preußen unter Zustimmung aller deutschen Staaten im Schlosse zu Versailles als deutscher Kaiser proklamiert. Das große Ziel Bismarcks war erreicht. Die Einheit des bisher zerstückelten Vaterlandes war wiederhergestellt, ein mächtiges deutsches Reich unter der Führung Preußens gegründet, und die demselben drohenden Feinde waren besiegt und geschlagen. Am 20. Mai 1871 wurde von dem Fürsten und Reichskanzler Bismarck zu Frankfurt a/M. der Friede mit Frankreich unterzeichnet, durch welchen die früher von dem deutschen Reiche getrennten Herzogtümer Lothringen und Elsaß demselben wieder einverleibt wurden und Frankreich sich verpflichtete, an Deutschland eine Kriegsentschädigung von fünf Milliarden Franken zu zahlen. Die Eröffnung des deutschen Reichstages in Berlin, am 21. März 1871, gehört vielleicht zu den größten Triumphen dieses höchst seltsamen bewunderungswürdigen Mannes.+

[13] Supply ‘ready’, and use the Present Subjunctive.

[14] +fort´gehen.+

[15] = with the same question.

[16] and — day = and this was repeated (+und dies wiederholte sich+) all day long (+den ganzen Tag lang+) at (+in+) precise intervals of 10 minutes.

[17] +an+, contracted with the def. art.

[18] = and were sent back.

_Section 139._

A GREAT LOSS.

Mr. Thomas Carlyle had lent the Manuscript of the first volume of his “French Revolution” to a neighbour to peruse. By[1] some mischance or other, it[2] had been left lying on the parlour-floor, and[3] become forgotten. Weeks ran on[4], when at last the historian sent for[5] his manuscript, the[6] printers being loud for copy. Inquiries[7] were made, and[8] then it was found that the maid-of-all-work, finding[9] what she conceived to be a bundle of waste paper on the floor, had[10] used it to light the kitchen and parlour fires with[11]. Such[12] was the answer returned[13] to Mr. Carlyle, and his consternation and despair may be imagined (S. 4, N. 4). There[14] was, however, no help for him but to set himself resolutely to work to re-write his book; and[15] he turned to and did it. He had no draft[16], and[17] was compelled to rake up from his memory facts, ideas, and expressions, which had long since been dismissed. The composition[18] of the book in the first instance had been a _work of_ real pleasure; the[19] re-writing of it, a second time, was one of pain and anguish almost beyond belief. That[20] he persevered and finished the volume under such circumstances affords[21] an instance of determination of purpose which has seldom been exceeded.—S. SMILES, “SELF-HELP.”

[1] By — other = Through a mischance (+Mißgeschick+, n.).

[2] it — lying, +hatte man es ... liegen lassen+.

[3] and — forgotten = where it was forgotten.

[4] ran on = passed away.

[5] +nach.+

[6] the — copy = since the printers desired (+verlangen+) the same.

[7] to make inquiries, +Nachforschungen anstellen+.

[8] +und nun stellte es sich heraus.+

[9] finding — floor = in the opinion of finding a bundle of worthless papers on the floor.

[10] had used (+benutzen ... zu+) the same. Read carefully S. 87, N. 6, and construe accordingly.

[11] with = with it, S. 4, N. 5, _B_.

[12] Such = that.

[13] = which Mr. C. received.

[14] +Es blieb ihm indessen nichts anderes übrig, als.+

[15] +und er machte sich daran und führte es aus.+

[16] +Entwurf+, m.

[17] and — dismissed = and had to (= must) torture (+abmartern+) his memory in order to find again the from (+von+) him long forgotten facts, ideas, and expressions.

[18] composition = work; in the first instance = at first. Supply ‘for him’ after ‘pleasure’.

[19] Say ‘to write it for the (+zum+) second time was a painful and almost incredibly anxious (+angstvoll+) work.

[20] +Daß er sie durchführte.+

[21] = is; determination of purpose = strength of will, +Willenskraft+, f.; exceeded, +übertroffen+.

_Section 140._

HERO WORSHIP[1].

I.

Do[2] not think it a mean thing to look up to (+zu+) those who are superior to yourselves[3]. On the contrary, you will find in practice[4], that _it is_ only the meanest hearts, the shallowest and the basest (S. 128, N. 11) _who_ feel no admiration, but (S. 6, N. 10) only envy for those who are better than themselves, who delight in[5] finding fault with them, blackening (S. 1, N. 3) their character, and showing that they are not after all so much superior to other[6] people; while[7] _it is_ the noblest-hearted, the very men who are most worthy to be admired themselves, who feel[8] most the pleasure, the joy, and the strength of reverence (S. 3, N. 2); of[9] having some one whom they can look up to and admire; some one in whose company they can forget[10] themselves, their own interest, their own pleasure, their own honour and[11] glory, and cry: “Him I must hear; him I must follow; to him I must cling, whatever[12] may betide!”

[1] +Heldenverehrung+, f.

[2] Do — thing, +Halte es nicht für zu gering+.

[3] Use the second person plural; to be superior to a person, +einem weit überlegen sein+.

[4] in practice = always.

[5] in — them = to discover weaknesses in (+an+, with dat.) them.

[6] to other people = to others.

[7] while — men, +während die hochherzigsten Menschen, gerade diejenigen+.

[8] ‘to feel’, here +empfinden+; ‘most’ here = deepest, +am tiefsten+; pleasure, +Genuß+, m.

[9] In order to connect this sentence more closely with the preceding, I propose to say: ‘the pleasure (+Genuß+, m.) of having (S. 34, N. 10) some one to (+zu+) whom they _can_ look up, and whom they can admire’. The auxiliary ‘can’ must be omitted in the first instance.

[10] Where must you place the two verbs, and in what order?

[11] It is a matter of course that the words ‘their own’ must be repeated here in German. Why?

[12] Whatever (+Was auch+) may happen.

_Section 141._

HERO WORSHIP.

II.

Blessed[1] and ennobling is the feeling which gathers round a wise teacher or[2] a great statesman all _the_ more earnest, high-minded, pious youths of his generation[3]; the[4] feeling which makes[5] soldiers follow the general whom they trust, they know not why or whither, through danger[6], hunger, fatigue, and[7] death itself; the[4] feeling which, in its highest perfection, made[8] the Apostles forsake all and follow Christ[9], saying (S. 111, N. 6): “Lord, to[10] whom shall we go? Thou hast _the_ words of eternal life,” and which made them[11] ready to work[12] and to die for Him whom the world called the Son of the carpenter, but whom they, through[13] the Spirit of God bearing witness with their own pure and noble spirits, knew[14] to be the Son of the Living God.—CHARLES KINGSLEY, “THE WATER OF LIFE.”

[1] +Beglückend.+

[2] Repeat here the prep. ‘round’, +um+.

[3] generation = time.

[4] +jenes.+

[5] to make follow, +folgen heißen+, which verbs must be placed after the rel. clause; +folgen+ requires the dat.; to trust a person, +einem vertrauen+.

[6] Use the pl. with this noun.

[7] yea, even unto death.

[8] ‘to make’, here again +heißen+ (to bid), str. v. tr.; which place after ‘follow’ according to App. § 19.

[9] _Jesus Christ_ has retained its Latin declension, thus: N. +Jesus Christus+; G. +Jesu Christi+; D. +Jesu Christo+; Acc. +Jesum Christum+. Use the dat. +Christo+, since +folgen+ governs the dat.

[10] ‘to whom’, here +wohin+ (whither), which appears in the German text of the Bible.

[11] ‘to make ready’, here = to enable, +befähigen+.

[12] +wirken+ is more appropriate here than +arbeiten+, considering the elevated style of the whole speech.

[13] through — spirits, +kraft des göttlichen Geistes, der in ihren reinen, edlen Herzen Zeugnis ablegte+.

[14] knew to be, +als+ (followed by the Acc.) ... +erkannten+.

_Section 142._

JAMES WATT AND THE STEAM-ENGINE.

I.

James Watt was the great Improver of the steam-engine; but, in truth[1], as to all that is admirable in its structure, or vast in its utility, he should rather be described as its Inventor. _It was_ by his inventions _that_ its action[2] was so regulated as[3] to make it capable of being applied to the finest and most delicate manufactures, and its power so increased as to set weight and solidity at defiance. By his admirable contrivances[4] it has become a thing stupendous alike for its force and flexibility, for the prodigious power which it can exert, and the ease, precision, and ductility with which this power can be varied, distributed, and applied. The trunk of an elephant, that can pick up a pin or rend[5] an oak, is _as_ nothing to it. It can engrave a seal, and crush masses of obdurate metal _before it_, draw out without[6] breaking a thread as fine as gossamer, and lift a ship of war like a bubble in the air. It can embroider[7] muslin and forge anchors, cut steel into ribbons[8], and impel[9] loaded vessels against the fury of the winds and waves.

[1] ‘in truth’ is better not translated here. Say ‘but in regard to (+in Rücksicht auf+) all that (S. 3, N. 7) refers (+sich beziehen+) to (+auf+) the excellence of its construction and (+wie+) to (+auf+) the variety (+Mannigfaltigkeit+, f.) of its application (+Nutzanwendung+, f.), should he rather (+eigentlich+) be called the Inventor of the same’.

[2] +Wirkung+, f.; in what voice is the verb? Insert the adv. +erst+ after the auxiliary.

[3] as — defiance = as (+um+) to be able to employ it in (+bei+) the making (+Anfertigung+, f.) of the finest and most delicate (+zart+) manufactures (+Fabrikate+), and its power so increased as (+um+) to be able to render resistance (+Widerstand leisten+) to every weight (+Last+, f.) and every solidity (+Festigkeit+, f.). Translate ‘to be able’ by +können+, which need be expressed but once, and must be placed at the very end of the whole period, which, along with the following, is perhaps the most difficult to translate that has yet been given.

[4] +Einrichtungen+; it = the machine; thing, +Werkzeug+, n., after which place the verb ‘become’; alike for, +und zwar dies sowohl wegen ... wie auch+.

[5] rend = tear down.

[6] Say ‘without tearing it’, which place after ‘gossamer’ (+Sommerfäden+).

[7] Insert the prep. +auf+ here.

[8] +Streifen.+

[9] to impel against, +entge´gentreiben+, governing the dat.

_Section 143._

JAMES WATT AND THE STEAM-ENGINE.

II.

It would be difficult to estimate the value of the benefits which these inventions have conferred upon this country. There is no branch of industry that has not been indebted[1] to them; and[2], in all the most material, they have not only widened most magnificently the field of its exertions, but[3] multiplied a thousand-fold the amount of its productions. It was our improved steam-engine, in short[4], that fought the battles of Europe and sustained and exalted, through[5] the late tremendous contest, the political greatness of our land. _It is_ the same great power _which_ now enables us to pay the interest of our debt, and to maintain[6] the arduous struggle _in which we are still engaged_ (1819) with the skill[7] and capital of countries (S. 16, N. 10) less oppressed with (+von+) taxation.

But these are poor[8] and narrow views of its importance. It has increased indefinitely the mass of[9] human comforts and enjoyments, and[10] rendered cheap and accessible, all over the world, the materials of wealth and prosperity.

[1] I am greatly indebted to you, +ich habe Ihnen vieles zu verdanken+.

[2] Say ‘and in the principal branches’; most magnificently, +auf das großartigste+.

[3] Insert ‘also’ here.

[4] +Kurz+, which place at the head of the period.

[5] through = in.

[6] +fortsetzen+, which rendering will make the relative clause ‘_in — engaged_’ superfluous.

[7] ‘skill’, here = industry.

[8] poor = superficial; narrow, +beschränkt+; of = about.

[9] of human = of our.

[10] +und die Stoffe, welche sonst nur dem Reichtum und dem Wohlstand zugänglich waren, für die ganze Welt billig und erreichbar gemacht.+

_Section 144._

JAMES WATT AND THE STEAM-ENGINE.

III.

It has armed the feeble hand of (S. 3, N. 2) man, _in_ short[1], with a power to which no limits can be assigned[2]; completed[3] the dominion of mind over the most refractory qualities of matter[4], and laid a sure foundation for[5] all those future miracles of mechanic power which[6] are to aid and reward the labours of after generations. It[7] is to the genius of one man, too, that all this is mainly owing! And certainly no man ever bestowed such a gift on his kind[8]. The blessing is not only universal, but[9] unbounded; and the fabled[10] inventors of the plough and the loom, who were deified by their rude[11] contemporaries, conferred less important benefits (App. § 5) on mankind than the inventor of our present steam-engine.

This will be the fame of Watt with[12] future generations, and it[13] is sufficient for his race and his country.—LORD JEFFREY.

[1] Commence the period with ‘_In_ short’.

[2] to assign limits to a thing, +einer Sache Grenzen stecken+.

[3] Say ‘it has completed’, etc.

[4] +Materie+, f.

[5] +zu+.

[6] Say ‘which are destined (+zu etwas bestimmt sein+, Comp. S. 87, N. 6) to assist and to reward the labours of (= of the) future generations’.

[7] It — owing = All this we owe mainly to the genius of a single man.

[8] +Geschlecht+, n.; use the verb in the Perfect; ever, +je vorher+.

[9] +sondern auch.+

[10] +sagenhaft.+

[11] rude = inexperienced.

[12] +bei+, with the def. art.

[13] +dieser.+

_Section 145._

MANUFACTURES OF ENGLAND[1].

The principal branches of[2] the industrial pursuits are the manufactures[3] of cotton, woollen[4], and worsted goods, iron and hardware, earthenware[5], hosiery, mining[6], and shipbuilding. The geographical distribution of the manufacturing[7] population is dependent partly on natural, partly on accidental circumstances. The proximity of a coal-field[8] decides the point[9] in many instances[10]; for, even where the raw material is bulky[11], it is generally more practicable to bring[12] it to the coal (+Kohlen+), than the coal to it, an[13] instance of which is furnished by the copper-ore of Cornwall being taken to Swansea to be smelted. The iron manufacture is carried on[14] generally at[15] the coal-fields, the[16] chief seats being south Wales, Staffordshire, and Derbyshire. The cotton manufacture has[17] been located in Lancashire and Cheshire for _the last_ three centuries; but[18] it has attained its present dimensions very much through those counties being readily furnished with the raw material from America, as[19] well as from the abundance of coal outside those counties; Manchester, Bolton, Oldham, Stockport, and Macclesfield are the chief seats of the manufacture.—BEVAN, “THE STUDENT’S MANUAL OF MODERN GEOGRAPHY.”

[1] +Die englische Industrie.+

[2] of — pursuits, +der Industrie+.

[3] +Fabrikation+, f.

[4] The preposition ‘of’ is best repeated in this enumeration; worsted, +aus Kammwolle gefertigt+; ‘goods’, here +Stoffe+.

[5] +irdenes Geschirr+ or +Töpferwaren+.

[6] +Berg- und Schiffsbau.+

[7] manufacturing = industrial.

[8] +Kohlenlager+, n.

[9] the point, +darüber+, which place last.

[10] instances = cases.

[11] +schwer und umfangreich.+

[12] +hin´schaffen+; than — it = than the reverse, +als umgekehrt+.

[13] It is well to begin a new period here, thus: ‘An example of this (+dazu+) furnishes the copper-ore of Cornwall, which is taken (+befördern+) to (S. 72, N. 4), S.’, etc.

[14] +betreiben+, insep. c. str. v.

[15] at the = in the neighbourhood of the.

[16] the — being = which are mainly situated (+belegen+) in.

[17] has been located, +ist ansässig+. =The Present is often used in German where the English use the Perfect to express the duration of an action up to the time of speaking=; as—+Unsere Familie ~wohnt seit~ zwanzig Jahren+ (or +~schon~ zwanzig Jahre+) +in Manchester+, our family _has been living_ in Manchester _for_ these last twenty years.

[18] but — America. This clause containing a Gerund (being) preceded by the preposition ‘through’, must be construed according to S. 1, N. 3, and S. 87, N. 6 in the following way: ‘but it (+sie+) has received its present dimension especially thereby (+dadurch+, read S. 87, N. 6), that these counties can easily be (S. 2, N. 1) supplied with the raw material from America’. The three verbs must, of course, be placed at the end, and in such a way that the governing verb (can) stands last, and the auxiliary of tense in the middle.

[19] as — counties = as also (+wie auch noch+) thereby, that the coal is [use the pl. in German] to be got (+zu haben sein+) in abundance in the neighbouring counties.

_Section 146._

MR. H. M. STANLEY’S APPEAL[1] FOR SUPPLIES.

I.

Village _of_ N’sanda[2], August 4, 1877.

To[3] any Gentleman who speaks English at Embomma.

Dear[4] Sir,

I have arrived at[5] this place from Zanzibar with 115 souls, (S. 53, N. 9) men, women, and children. We are now in[6] a state of imminent starvation. We can buy[7] nothing from the natives, for they laugh at[8] our _kinds of_ cloth[9], beads, and wire. There[10] are no provisions in the country that may be purchased, except on market days, and starving people cannot afford to wait for these markets. I[11], therefore, have made bold to despatch three of my young men[12], natives[13] of Zanzibar, with (+nebst+) a boy named Feruzi, of the English mission at Zanzibar, with this letter.

I do not know you, but[14] I am told there (S. 104, N. 19) is an Englishman at (+in+) Embomma, and as you are a Christian and a gentleman, I beg you not to disregard my request. The boy Robert will be better able to describe our lone condition than I[15] can tell you in this letter. We are in _a state of_ the greatest distress; but if your supplies[16] arrive in time, I[17] may be able to reach Embomma within four days.

[1] +Anruf um Zusendung von Waren.+

[2] The village of N’sanda is three days’ journey from Embomma, or Boma, which is a small town on the Congo or Livingstone River at a distance of sixty-five English miles from the Atlantic, and, with regard to Stanley’s position, may be considered the van of civilisation in Africa, being the first place inhabited by Europeans.—For the full understanding of this letter, it may be useful to observe that it was written at the critical period when, at their journey home from the sources of the Nile, and almost at the end of all their troubles, the heroic travellers of more than 7000 miles through Equatorial Africa found themselves face to face with the grimmest of all enemies—starvation. Nearly forty men filled the sick list with dysentery, ulcers, and scurvy, and the number of victims of the latter disease was steadily increasing. For a considerable time the people had had no other food but a few ground-nuts and bananas, and were scarcely more than skin and bone. In this extremity Mr. Stanley determined to despatch four of his strongest and swiftest men with this letter to Embomma, where he was told there was one Englishman, one Frenchman, and three Portuguese. He then intended to follow these men as quickly as possible with the rest of his people, and to meet them and the expected supplies on the road to Boma, thus gaining at least one or two days, which might turn out to be of the greatest importance to his starving followers.

[3] Use the attributive construction, as explained in S. 48, N. 6.

[4] +Geehrt.+

[5] at this place = here.

[6] +dem Verhungern nahe sein.+

[7] ‘buy’, here = exchange, +ein´tauschen+.

[8] +über+, with Acc.

[9] Say ‘cloths, beads, and wires’.

[10] Say ‘Except on (+Außer an+) market days there are (+sind+) in the (+auf dem+) country no provisions to be got (+zu haben+) that we can buy, and if one hungers, one cannot possibly wait for (+auf+, with Acc.) these markets.

[11] Say ‘I venture (after which use the grammatical object, as explained in S. 51, N. 13) therefore to send (+ab´senden+), etc.

[12] +Leute.+

[13] +welche aus Zanzibar gebürtig sind.+

[14] +man sagt mir jedoch.+

[15] I can tell you = I can do.

[16] ‘supplies’, here = goods.

[17] I may be able = I can perhaps (see App. § 15).

_Section 147._

MR. H. M. STANLEY’S APPEAL FOR SUPPLIES.

II.

I want 300 cloths[1], each four yards long, of[2] such quality as you trade with, which is very different from that we have; but[3] better than all would be ten or fifteen man-loads of rice or grain to fill the pinched[4] bellies immediately, as[5] even with the cloths it would require time to purchase food, and starving people[6] cannot wait. The supplies must arrive within two days, or[7] I may have a fearful time of it among the dying. Of course I hold myself responsible for any[8] expense (S. 16, N. 10) you[9] may incur in the business. What is wanted is immediate relief, and I pray you to[10] use your utmost energies to forward it at once. If (App. § 21) you have such little luxuries[11] as tea, coffee, sugar, and biscuits by you, such[12] as one man can easily carry, I beg you on[13] my own behalf that you will send a small supply[14] and[15] add to the great debt of gratitude due to you upon the timely arrival of the supplies for my people. Until[16] that time I beg you to believe me,

Yours sincerely,

H. M. STANLEY,
Commanding[17] the Anglo-American Expedition for[18] the
Exploration of Africa.

P.S. You[19] may not know me by name, I therefore add, I[20] am the person that discovered[21] Livingstone in 1871. H. M. S.—H. M. STANLEY, “THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT.”

[1] cloths = pieces _of_ cloth.

[2] of — have = and of that quality with which you trade, which is quite different from ours.

[3] but — grain = but still better would be (Pluperf. Subj.) as much rice or grain as ten or fifteen men (+Leute+) can carry.

[4] = hungry stomachs.

[5] as — food = as (after which place the subject ‘_we_’), even in the possession of the cloths, we should yet want time to exchange provisions for them (S. 4, N. 5, _B_).

[6] +die Hungerleidenden.+

[7] or — dying, Liter. = if (after which place the subject ‘_I_’) among the dying I shall (+soll+) not experience (+durchle´ben+) a dreadful time (App. § 18).

[8] any = all.

[9] +die Ihnen aus dieser Angelegenheit erwachsen mögen.+

[10] to — once = to do the (= your) utmost _in your power_ (+sein Äußerstes thun+) and to send us the same (to agree with relief) at once.

[11] +Luxusartikel+; to have by oneself = to possess.

[12] such = about as much.

[13] on — behalf = for my own person.

[14] supply = quantity.

[15] and — people = and thereby still to increase (+vergrößern+) the great debt of (S. 3, N. 2) gratitude, to which I shall be in duty bound to you (+einem verpflichtet sein+) after the timely (+rechtzeitig+) arrival of the supplies (+Warensendung+).

[16] +Bis dahin empfehle ich mich Ihnen hochachtend und ergebenst.+

[17] +Kommandierender der.+

[18] +zur.+

[19] = Perhaps is my name unknown to you.

[20] I — that = that it is I, who.

[21] +auf´finden+, of which use the Perfect.

_Section 148._

ANSWER TO[1] THE PRECEDING LETTER.

English Factory, Boma, 6th August 1877, 6.30 A.M.

H. M. Stanley, Esq.

Dear Sir,

Your welcome letter came[2] to hand yesterday, _at_ 7 P.M. As[3] soon as its contents were understood, we arranged to despatch to you such articles as you requested, as much as our stock on hand would permit, and other things that we deemed would be suitable in that locality. You will see _that_ we send fifty pieces _of_ cloth, each twenty-four yards long, and some sacks containing sundries for yourself; several[4] sacks _of_ rice, potatoes, a few bundles _of_ fish, a bundle _of_ tobacco, and one demijohn[5] _of_ rum. The carriers are all paid, so that you need not trouble yourself about them. That[6] is all we need say about business. We are exceedingly sorry to hear that you have arrived there in such (+so+) piteous[7] condition, but we send our warmest congratulations to you, and hope that you will soon arrive in Boma. (This[8] place is called Boma by us, though on the map it[9] is Embomma.) Again[10] hoping that you will soon arrive, and that you are not suffering in health,

Believe[11] us to remain,

Your sincere friends,

HATTON & COOKSON.

(Signed) A. DA MOTTA VEIGA.
J. W. HARRISON.

[1] +auf+, with Acc.; A.M. +morgens+; P.M. +abends+.—This letter and the accompanying supplies were received by Mr. Stanley in the morning of the 6th of August, two days after he despatched his letter to Boma. Messrs. A. Da Motta Veiga and J. W. Harrison were the managers of a factory belonging to Messrs. Hatton & Cookson of Liverpool.

[2] came to hand = we have ... received.

[3] As — locality = As soon as we had understood the contents of the same (to agree with letter), we (App. § 14) made arrangements (+Anstalten treffen+) to send you the asked for (+erbeten+) articles, as far as (+so weit+) our stock (+Warenlager+, n., or +Warenvorrat+, m.) would permit us (S. 51, N. 13), and add (supply _noch_) some other things of which we thought they might (= could) be useful to you there.

[4] several, a few = some.

[5] _eine große Korbflasche._

[6] _Weiter haben wir nichts Geschäftliches zu sagen._

[7] _traurig._

[8] Say ‘We call this place (_Ort_, m.) B’.

[9] Say ‘it is called’.

[10] Say ‘Again (_noch einmal_) expressing (S. 111, N. 6), the hope’.

[11] _zeichnen wir in aufrichtiger Freundschaft ergebenst._

_Section 149._

MR. STANLEY’S ACKNOWLEDGMENT[1] OF THE PRECEDING LETTER AND THE SUPPLIES.

I.

Banza M’Buko, August 6, 1877.

Messrs. A. Da Motta Veiga and J. W. Harrison, Embomma, Congo River.

Gentlemen,

I (S. 115, N. 1) have received your welcome letter, but better _than all_, and[2] more welcome, are your supplies. I am unable to express _just_ at present how grateful I feel. At the sight of (+von+) the stores exposed[3] to our hungry eyes—at the sight of (+von+) the rice, the fish, _and_ the rum, and[4] for me—wheaten bread, butter, sardines, jam, peaches, grapes, beer (ye[5] gods! just think of it—three bottles pale ale[6]!), besides tea and sugar, we (App. § 14) are all so over-joyed and confused that we cannot restrain[7] ourselves from falling to and[8] enjoying this sudden bounteous store. I beg you will charge[9] our apparent want of (+an+) thankfulness to our greediness. If we do not thank you sufficiently in words, rest assured we[10] feel what volumes could not describe.

For the next twenty-four hours we shall be too busy eating and drinking to think of anything else much; but I may say that the people[11] will cry out joyfully, while[12] their mouths are full of rice and fish: “Verily, our master has found the sea and his brothers, but we did not believe him until[13] he showed us the rice and the pambe (rum). We did not believe there[14] was any end to the great river; but God be praised for ever, for we shall see white people[15] to-morrow, and our wars[16] and troubles will be over!”[17]

[1] +Anzeige von dem Empfange+; ‘supplies’, here +Warensendung+, f.

[2] Insert the adverb +noch+ here.

[3] It was exposed to my eyes, +es war vor meinen Augen ausgebreitet+; ‘hungry’, here +gierig+.

[4] +und — des für mich bestimmten Weißbrots+; the article, in the Gen. case, must be repeated before each of the following nouns.

[5] ye — it = +o sehet, Ihr Götter+.

[6] +Weißbier.+

[7] +bezwingen+; from falling to, +zuzugreifen+.

[8] +und diese uns so schnell und großmütig zugesandten Vorräte zu verzehren.+

[9] I beg you will charge this to his greediness, +ich bitte Sie, dies seiner Eßbegierde zur Last legen zu wollen+.

[10] we — describe = we feel more than could (App. § 33, and S. 2, N. 1) be described to you through (+durch+) volumes.

[11] +Leute.+

[12] Say ‘while their mouth is still filled with rice and fish’.

[13] +ehe.+

[14] Say ‘the great river had (see App. § 29) ever (+je+) an end’.

[15] +Menschen.+

[16] +Kämpfe und Beschwerden.+

[17] This letter, on the morning of the 7th of August, was despatched to Boma, the caravan following slowly, and reaching Boma on the 9th of August 1877, the 999th day from the date of their departure from Zanzibar. The expedition then embarked on board a steamer at Boma, and, on the 11th, descended the river Congo. After steaming northward from the mouth of the Congo for a few hours, the vessel entered the fine bay of Kabinda, on the southern shores of which the native town of that name in the county of Nyoyo is situate. The Expedition, after a stay of eight days at Kabinda, was kindly taken on board the Portuguese gunboat ‘Tamega’ to San Paulo de Loanda. Here they were treated with the utmost hospitality by the Portuguese and the officers of the English navy, who offered the Expedition a passage to Cape Town in H.M.S. ‘Industry’, Commander R. C. Dyer. The Cape of Good Hope was reached on the 21st of October. Here a telegram from the Lords of the British Admiralty was received, authorising the Commodore Francis William Sullivan to prepare H.M.S. ‘Industry’ for the reception of the Expedition and to convey them to Zanzibar, the end of their journey. On the 6th of November H.M.S. ‘Industry’ was equipped and ready for her voyage to Zanzibar, which was reached on the 20th of the same month. By this time the sick had, all but one, recovered, and had improved so much in appearance that few persons ignorant of what they had been, could have supposed that these were the living skeletons that had reeled from sheer weakness through Boma.

_Section 150._

MR. STANLEY’S LETTER (continued).

II.

Dear Sirs,

Though[1] strangers, I feel we shall be great friends, and[2] I shall always remember my feelings of gratefulness, when I first caught sight of your supplies, and my poor, faithful, and brave people cried out: “Master, we are saved!—food[3] is coming!” _The_ old and _the_ young—the men, _the_ women, and _the_ children—lifted their wearied and worn-out[4] frames[5], and began to chant _lustily_ an[6] extemporaneous song, in[7] honour of the white people by (+an+) the great salt sea (the (S. 53, N. 9) Atlantic) who had listened to their prayers. I had[8] to rush to my tent to hide the tears that would issue[9], despite all my attempts to composure[10].

Gentlemen, that the blessing of God may attend your footsteps whithersoever[11] you go, is the very earnest[12] prayer of

Yours faithfully,

H. M. STANLEY,

Commanding the Anglo-American Expedition.—

H. M. STANLEY, “THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT.”

[1] +obgleich wir uns noch fremd sind.+

[2] Say ‘and I shall never forget the feelings of gratefulness which I experienced (+empfinden+, insep. comp. str. v.), when’, etc.

[3] Say ‘there come provisions’!

[4] +abgemagert.+

[5] +Körper+, m., which use in the Sing.

[6] +ein aus dem Stegreife entworfenes Lied+; to chant = to sing.

[7] in — people, +den Weißen ... zu Ehren+; the words +zu Ehren+ must be placed at the end of the clause.

[8] Use the Imperfect of +müssen+.

[9] to issue = to break forth, +hervor´brechen+.

[10] to composure = to compose myself.

[11] The adverbial clause ‘whithersoever you go’ may be briefly rendered by the adverb ‘+stets+’.

[12] earnest = sincere; faithfully, +ergeben+ (adject.).

_Section 151._

RETURNED[1] KINDNESS.

When (S. 4, N. 2) the country near[2] Albany was newly settled, a starving Indian came to the inn at Lichfield and asked for a night’s shelter and some supper, at[3] the same time confessing that, from[4] failure in hunting, he had nothing[5] to pay. The hostess drove him away with reproachful[6] epithets, and as the Indian was about (S. 6, N. 4) scornfully to retire,—there being (S. 30, N. 4) no other inn for[7] many a weary mile,—a[8] man, who was sitting by, directed the hostess to supply[9] his wants, and promised to pay her. As[10] soon as the Indian’s supper was ended, he thanked his benefactor, and said he would some day return his kindness. Several years thereafter[11] the settler was taken a prisoner by a hostile tribe, and carried off to (S. 72, N. 4) Canada. His life was spared[12], but he was detained in[13] slavery. One[14] day, however, an Indian came to him, and bade the captive follow him. The Indian never told where they were going, nor[15] what was his object; _but_ day after[16] day the captive followed his mysterious guide, till one afternoon they came suddenly on[17] a beautiful expanse of cultivated fields, with many houses _rising amongst them_. “Do you know that place?” asked the Indian. “Ah, yes—it is Lichfield!” and whilst the astonished exile[18] had not yet recovered from his surprise and (S. 10, N. 9) amazement, the Indian exclaimed: “And I am the starving Indian, on whom, at this _very_ place, you took[19] pity. And now that[20] I have repaid you, I pray you go home!”—DR. DWIGHT.

[1] +vergelten+, insep. comp. str. v.

[2] +unweit+; newly, +eben+; ‘to settle’, here +kolonisieren+.

[3] at — confessing = on which occasion (+wobei+) he confessed.

[4] +wegen erfolgloser Jagd.+

[5] nothing to pay = no money for (+zu+, contracted with the dat. of the def. art.) paying.

[6] reproachful epithets, +Scheltworte+.

[7] for — mile, +meilenweit in der Runde+.

[8] ‘a man’, here = a guest. The verb ‘directed’ (+heißen+, str. v.) must be placed before the subject, since the subordinate clause precedes the principal one.

[9] to supply a person’s wants, +für die Bedürfnisse eines Menschen sorgen+.

[10] Say ‘As soon as the Indian had eaten (+verzehren+) his supper’.

[11] +später.+

[12] +verschonen.+

[13] in slavery = as _a_ slave; ‘to detain’, here +gefangen halten+.

[14] Say ‘One day, however, came an Indian to the prisoner with the intimation (+Weisung+, f.) to follow him’. This construction is necessary to avoid the repetition of the pronoun ‘+ihm+’.

[15] nor — object = or else his intention.

[16] +für.+

[17] +zu einer schönen Fläche urbar gemachter Felder.+

[18] exile = settler.

[19] to take pity on a person, +sich eines Menschen erbarmen+; supply the adverb +einmal+ (one day) before the verb.

[20] that = since, +da+; to repay a person, +einem seine Schuld ab´tragen+.

_Section 152._

NEW YEAR’S EVE[1].

I.

It was dreadfully cold; it snowed, and was beginning to grow dark; it was the last evening of the year,—New-year’s Eve. In this cold, a poor little girl was wandering about the streets with[2] bare head and bare feet. She had slippers on when she left home (+Haus+, with the def. art.), but what was the good of them? They (+Es+) were the large, old slippers of her mother’s—so large that they fell off the little girl’s feet as she hurried across the street to[3] escape a carriage, which came[4] galloping along at a great rate. The one slipper was not to be found, and a boy ran off with the other.

So the little girl wandered about barefooted, with a quantity[5] of matches in an old apron, whilst she held a box[6] of them in her (S. 43, N. 9, _A_) hand. No one had bought _any_ matches of her through[7] the whole livelong day—no one had given her a single farthing[8]. Hungry, and pinched[9] with cold, the poor little girl crept[10] along, the large flakes of snow covering (S. 55, N. 1; use +während+) her yellow hair, which[11] curled round her face.

In[12] a corner between two houses, one projecting beyond the other, she sought shelter. Huddling[13] herself up, she drew her poor little feet, which were red and blue with cold, under her (+sich+) as well _as_ she could, but she[14] was colder than ever, and[15] dared not go home (S. 63, N. 8), for, as she had sold no matches, her cruel[16] father would beat her. Besides[17], it was cold at home (S. 63, N. 8), for they lived just[18] under the roof, and[19] the wind blew in, though straw and rags had been stuffed in the large cracks. Her little hands were quite benumbed with cold. Oh[20], how much good one match would do, if she dared but (+nur+) take it out of the box and draw[21] it across the wall to warm her fingers in the flames!

[1] +Der Sylvesterabend.+

[2] with — feet, +barfuß und unbedeckten Hauptes+, which place before ‘about (+durch+) the streets’.

[3] to escape a carriage, +einem Wagen aus dem Weg laufen+. For the translation of the conjunction ‘to’ in this clause compare S. 19, N. 7.

[4] to come galloping along at a great rate, +in vollem Galopp die Straße entlang kommen+.

[5] a quantity = some.

[6] +Schachtel+, f.; of them = of the same.

[7] through — day, +den ganzen Tag lang+, which is best placed at the commencement of the period.

[8] +Heller+, m.

[9] to be pinched with cold, +vor Kälte erstarrt sein+.

[10] to creep along, +sich weiter schleppen+.

[11] Say ‘which in curls surrounded (+umwallen+, insep. comp. w. v.) her face’.

[12] In — other, +In einem durch ein hervorspringendes Haus gebildeten Winkel+.

[13] Say ‘She huddled herself up (+nie´derkauern+, sep. comp. w. v.) and drew her’, etc.

[14] I am cold, +es friert mich+.

[15] Say ‘and yet she (App. § 24, _B_) dared (+wagen+, w. v.) not to go home’.

[16] ‘cruel’, here = severe.

[17] Say ‘And also (App. § 14) at home it was cold’.

[18] ‘just’, here = immediately.

[19] Say ‘through which the wind blew, although the large cracks (+Spalte+, f.) were stuffed (+verstopfen+, insep. comp. w. v.) with straw and rags’.

[20] Say, ‘Oh (+Ach+), how nice (+schön+) must (Imperf. Subj.) a match be’.

[21] +Ein Zündhölzchen an der Mauer an´reiben+, to draw a match across the wall.

_Section 153._

NEW-YEAR’S EVE.

II.

She drew one out—“Ritsh!” how it sputtered[1] and burned! It burned with a warm, bright flame, like a candle, and she bent her hand round it (S. 4, N. 5, _B_), it was a wonderful light! It appeared to the little girl as if she were sitting[2] before a large iron stove, in which the fire burned brightly, and[3] gave out such comfort and such warmth. She stretched out her feet to warm them, too—but the flame went[4] out, the stove disappeared, and there she sat, still holding[5] a little bit of the burnt-out[4] match in her (S. 43, N. 9, _A_) hand.

Another was[6] lighted; it burned, and, where[7] the light fell upon the wall, that[8] became transparent, so that she could see into the room. There the table was covered with a cloth of dazzling white, and with fine china; and a roast goose was smoking most[9] temptingly upon it. But what was still more delightful, the goose sprang down from the table, and[10], with a knife and (S. 10, N. 9) fork _sticking_ in its[11] back, waddled towards the little girl. Then[12] the match went out[4], and she saw nothing but the thick, cold wall.

She lighted a third one (S. 67, N. 3); and now she was sitting under the most splendid Christmas-tree. It was larger and more beautifully decorated[13] than the one (S. 16, N. 10) she had seen at Christmas[14] through the window at[15] the rich merchant’s. Hundreds of[16] tapers were burning amongst the green branches, and painted[17] pictures, such[18] as she had seen in the shop-windows, looked down upon her. She stretched out[19] both _her_ hands, when the match was burnt[4] out,—

[1] +sprühen+, w. v.

[2] Use the Impf. Subj. according to App. § 33; as if, +als+.

[3] +und ich weiß nicht wie viel Behaglichkeit und Wärme ausstrahlte.+

[4] ‘to go out’, and ‘to burn out’, here +erlöschen+, insep. comp. str. v.

[5] The Present Participle may be used here in German, but where must it be placed?

[6] In which Voice is the verb here? Introduce the clause by the grammatical subject ‘+es+’, as explained in S. 104, N. 19.

[7] where = at (+an+) the place (+Stelle+, f.) where.

[8] +diese.+

[9] Use the superlative of +hoch+.

[10] Here follows the verb ‘waddled’.

[11] in its = in the, contracted; towards, +auf ... zu+, which latter preposition place at the end of the whole period.

[12] Then = Thereupon.

[13] +auf´putzen+, sep. comp. w. v.

[14] at (+an+, contracted with the dat. of the def. art.) Christmas-day.

[15] =The preposition ‘at,’ in the signification of ‘at the house of’ is generally rendered by the preposition ‘+bei+’, which governs the dative=; as—

At Easter we shall all dine _at my mother’s_.

+Am Ostertage werden wir alle ~bei meiner Mutter~ zu Mittag
essen.+

[16] +von.+

[17] painted = coloured, +bunt+.

[18] such as, +wie+.

[19] Supply the pronominal adverb ‘+danach+’ before the particle +aus+, which stands at the end.

_Section 154._

NEW-YEAR’S EVE.

III.

The countless lights rose higher and higher, and she now saw that they (+es+) were _the_ stars, one of which fell[1], leaving a long line of light in the sky.

Some[2] one has (S. 29, N. 3) died just now, the girl said; for her old grandmother, who alone[3] had loved her, but who was now dead, had told her that[4] when a star fell, a soul took (App. §§ 28 and 30) its flight up to heaven.

She drew another match across the wall, and in the light it threw[5] around stood her old grandmother, so bright[6], so mild, and so loving.

“Grandmother,” the little girl cried, “oh, take me with _you_! I know that you will disappear as soon as the match is burnt out, just like the warm stove, the delicious roast goose, and the Christmas-tree!” And hastily she lighted the[7] rest of the matches that remained in the box, for she wished to keep[8] her grandmother with her as long as possible; and the matches burnt so brightly, that it was lighter than day. Never before[9] had she seen her grandmother so beautiful and so tall, and behold, she[10] now took the little girl in her arms, and[11], in radiance and joy, flew high, high up with her into the heaven, where she felt neither (+kein+) cold, nor (+kein+) hunger, nor (+und kein+) fear any more[12],—for she was with God.

But, in the corner between the two houses, in the cold morning air, lay the little girl with pale cheeks and smiling lips. She was frozen[13] to death during the last night of the Old Year. The first light of the New Year shone upon the dead body of the little girl with the matches, one[14] box of which was nearly consumed. “She must have tried to warm herself,” the people said; but no one knew of (+von+) the visions[15] she had had, or of the splendour that (S. 48, N. 6) surrounded her when she entered with her grandmother into the joys of a New Year.—After HANS ANDERSEN, “FAIRY TALES.”

[1] Say ‘fell down and +left (zurück´lassen+) a long line of light (+Lichtstreifen+, m.) in (+an+) the sky’.

[2] This sentence is best introduced by the grammatical subject ‘+es+’, see S. 104, N. 19.

[3] Say ‘alone of all’.

[4] that — fell; +daß beim Herunterfallen eines Sternes+; flight, +Flug+, m.; up to, +zu+, contracted with the dat. of the def. art.

[5] to throw around, +um sich her verbreiten+.

[6] bright = friendly; mild, +sanft+; loving, +liebreich+.

[7] the — box, +die in der Schachtel sich noch befindlichen Zündhölzer+ (Comp. S. 48, N. 6).

[8] to keep with oneself, +bei sich behalten+, insep. comp. str. v. tr.

[9] +zuvor.+

[10] It will be best to begin this clause with the adv. ‘now’, and to turn the personal pronoun ‘she’ into the demonstrative pronoun ‘the same’, to agree with ‘grandmother’. This will commend itself in order to avoid ambiguity.

[11] Here follows the verb ‘flew’; in radiance and joy, +freudestrahlend+, adv.; high — heavens, +mit ihr zum Himmel empor+.

[12] any more, +mehr+, before the verb; ‘with’, here +bei+.

[13] +erfrieren+, insep. comp. str. v., to freeze to death.

[14] Liter. ‘of which nearly a whole box was burnt up’.

[15] +Traumbild+, n.

_Section 155._

PROVIDENCE[1] VINDICATING THE INNOCENT.

It is (S. 2, N. 1) recorded in history that a beautiful maiden named Blanche, the serf of[2] an ancient nobleman, was wooed[3] by her master’s son. Not[4] admiring his character, she scorned[5] his suit. Upon this his _course of_ love turned[6] to bitter hatred. Just[7] then a precious string of pearls confided (S. 7, N. 3, _B_) to the maiden’s care was[8] lost. Her pseudo-lover[9] charged her with the theft, and, in[10] accordance with the customs of that rude age, she was doomed to die. On the day of the execution, as the innocent girl knelt to offer[11] her dying prayer, a[12] flash of lightning struck a statue of Justice, which adorned the market-place, to the dust. From[13] a destroyed bird’s nest, built (S. 7, N. 3, _A_, and S. 48, N. 6) in a crevice of the image[14], dropped the lost[15] pearls, thus[16] declaring the maiden’s innocence. In a moment the exultant crowd rushed to the scaffold, demanding her release. There she knelt beside the block, pale and beautiful, and with a smile of peace upon her lips. They (S. 134, N. 4) spoke[17]—she answered not. They touched her—she was dead! To preserve her memory they raised a statue there[18]; and to[19] this day, when[20] men gaze upon her image, they condemn her oppressor; they praise her for the purity of her character; they recognise the justice of Him whose[21] lightning testified her innocence.—W. SMITH.

[1] Say, ‘Providence (S. 3, N. 2) protects innocence.’

[2] of — nobleman = of a nobleman of _an_ old family (+Geschlecht+, n.).

[3] +umwer´ben+, insep. comp. str. v.

[4] = As his character displeased (+mißfallen+, insep. comp. str. v., governing the dat.) her.

[5] +verschmähen+, insep. comp. w. v. tr.

[6] +sich verwan´deln in.+

[7] Just then = Just at this time.

[8] was lost = one missed; care, +Obhut+, f.

[9] = false lover.

[10] in — customs = according to the law.

[11] = to speak.

[12] a — Justice ... to the dust = +fuhr ein Blitzstrahl in die Statue der Gerechtigkeit ... und zerschmetterte sie.+

[13] +Aus.+

[14] +Bildsäule+, f.

[15] = missed.

[16] Say ‘and testified (+bezeugen+, w. v. tr.) thus the maiden’s innocence’.

[17] Supply ‘to her’.

[18] +daselbst+.

[19] +bis auf den heutigen Tag.+

[20] Construe thus: ‘those who look at her image (+Bildnis+, n.) condemn her oppressor’, and consider App. § 14.

[21] In order to avoid a repetition of the same form of pronoun, turn the last clause into: ‘who with his lightning testified her innocence’.

_Section 156._

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE[1].

I.

Napoleon understood his business[2]. He was a man who in each moment and[3] emergency knew what[4] to do next. This[5] is an immense comfort and refreshment to the spirits, not only of (S. 3, N. 2) kings, but[6] of citizens. Few[7] men have any next; they live from hand to mouth, without plan, are[8] ever at the end of their line, and, (S. 102, N. 30) after each action, wait for[9] an impulse from abroad. Napoleon would have been the first man of the world, if[10] his ends had been purely public. As[11] he is, he inspires confidence and vigour by the extraordinary unity of his action.

He is firm[12], sure, and self-denying; he sacrifices everything to his aim[13]—money, troops, generals, his own safety even, and is not misled[14], like common adventurers, by[15] the splendour of his own means. “Incidents ought not to govern policy,” he said, “but[16] policy incidents.” “To[17] be hurried away by every event, is[18] to have no political system at all.” His victories were only so many doors[19], and[20] he never for a moment lost sight of his way onward in the dazzle and uproar of the present circumstances. He knew what to do, and he flew to his mark.

He[21] would shorten a straight line to come at his object. Horrible anecdotes may no doubt be collected (S. 4, N. 4) from his history, of[22] the price at which he bought his successes; but he must not, therefore, be set[23] down as cruel, but only as one[24] who knew no impediment to his will: not[25] bloodthirsty, not cruel; but woe to[26] what person stood in his way! “Sire, General Clarke cannot combine with General Junot for the dreadful fire of the Austrian battery.” “Let[27] him carry the battery.” “Sire, every regiment that approaches the heavy artillery is sacrificed[28]. Sire[29], what orders?” “Forward! Forward!”