Chapter LXI

FROM THE DESTRUCTION OF THE ATHENIAN ARMAMENT IN SICILY,
DOWN TO THE OLIGARCHICAL CONSPIRACY OF THE FOUR HUNDRED AT
ATHENS.

Consequences of the ruin of the Athenian armament in
Sicily.—Occupation of Dekeleia by the Lacedæmonians—its
ruinous effects upon Athens.—Athens becomes a
military post—heavy duty in arms imposed upon the
citizens.—Financial pressure.—Athens dismisses her
Thracian mercenaries—massacre at Mykalêssus.—The Thracians
driven back with slaughter by the Thebans.—Athenian
station at Naupaktus—decline of the naval superiority of
Athens.—Naval battle near Naupaktus—indecisive result.—Last
news of the Athenians from Syracuse—ruin of the army
there not officially made known to them.—Reluctance of
the Athenians to believe the full truth.—Terror and
affliction at Athens.—Energetic resolutions adopted by
the Athenians—Board of Probûli.—Prodigious effect of the
catastrophe upon all Greeks—enemies and allies of Athens
as well as neutrals—and even on the Persians.—Motions
of king Agis.—The Eubœans apply to Agis for aid in
revolting from Athens—the Lesbians also apply, and
are preferred.—The Chians, with the same view, make
application to Sparta.—Envoys from Tissaphernês and
Pharnabazus come to Sparta at the same time.—Alkibiadês
at Sparta—his recommendations determine the Lacedæmonians
to send aid to Chios.—Synod of the Peloponnesian allies
at Corinth—measures resolved.—Isthmian festival—scruples
of the Corinthians—delay about Chios—suspicions of
Athens.—Peloponnesian fleet from Corinth to Chios—it
is defeated by the Athenians.—Small squadron starts
from Sparta under Chalkideus and Alkibiadês, to go to
Chios.—Energetic advice of Alkibiadês—his great usefulness
to Sparta.—Arrival of Alkibiadês at Chios—revolt of the
island from Athens.—General population of Chios was
disinclined to revolt from Athens.—Dismay occasioned at
Athens by the revolt of Chios—the Athenians set free
and appropriate their reserved fund.—Athenian force
despatched to Chios under Strombichidês.—Activity of
the Chians in promoting revolt among the other Athenian
allies—Alkibiadês determines Milêtus to revolt.—First
alliance between the Peloponnesians and Tissaphernês,
concluded by Chalkideus at Milêtus.—Dishonorable and
disadvantageous conditions of the treaty.—Energetic efforts
of Athens—democratical revolution at Samos.—Peloponnesian
fleet at Kenchreæ—Astyochus is sent as Spartan admiral
to Ionia.—Expedition of the Chians against Lesbos.—Ill
success of the Chians—Lesbos is maintained by the
Athenians.—Harassing operations of the Athenians against
Chios.—Hardships suffered by the Chians—prosperity
of the island up to this time.—Fresh forces from
Athens—victory of the Athenians near Milêtus.—Fresh
Peloponnesian forces arrive—the Athenians retire, pursuant
to the strong recommendation of Phrynichus.—Capture of
Iasus by the Peloponnesians—rich plunder—Amorgês made
prisoner.—Tissaphernês begins to furnish pay to the
Peloponnesian fleet. He reduces the rate of pay for the
future.—Powerful Athenian fleet at Samos—unexpected
renovation of the navy of Athens.—Astyochus at Chios and
on the opposite coast.—Pedaritus, Lacedæmonian governor at
Chios—disagreement between him and Astyochus.—Astyochus
abandons Chios and returns to Milêtus—accident whereby
he escaped the Athenian fleet.—The Athenians establish a
fortified post in Chios, to ravage the island.—Dorieus
arrives on the Asiatic coast with a squadron from Thurii,
to join Astyochus—maritime contests near Knidus.—Second
Peloponnesian treaty with Tissaphernês, concluded by
Astyochus and Theramenês.—Comparison of the second
treaty with the first.—Arrival of a fresh Peloponnesian
squadron under Antisthenês at Kaunus—Lichas comes out as
Spartan commissioner.—Astyochus goes with the fleet from
Milêtus to join the newly-arrived squadron—he defeats
the Athenian squadron under Charmînus.—Peloponnesian
fleet at Knidus—double dealing of Tissaphernês—breach
between him and Lichas.—Peloponnesian fleet masters
Rhodes, and establishes itself in that island.—Long
inaction of the fleet at Rhodes—paralyzing intrigues of
Tissaphernês—corruption of the Lacedæmonian officers. 353-402

HISTORY OF GREECE.