Chapter I: Front Matter

Text size

GAZETTEER
OF THE
BOMBAY PRESIDENCY

VOLUME I. PART I.

HISTORY OF GUJARÁT.

UNDER GOVERNMENT ORDERS.

BOMBAY:
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS.
1896.

Bombay Castle, 14th February 1902.

In further recognition of the distinguished labours of Sir James McNabb Campbell, K.C.I.E., and of the services rendered by those who have assisted him in his work, His Excellency the Governor in Council is pleased to order that the following extract from Government Resolution No. 2885, dated the 11th August 1884, be republished and printed immediately after the title page of Volume I, Part I, of the Gazetteer, and published in every issue:

"His Excellency the Governor in Council has from time to time
expressed his entire approval of the Volumes of the Gazetteer
already published, and now learns with much satisfaction that
the remaining Statistical Accounts have been completed in
the same elaborate manner. The task now brought to a close by
Mr. Campbell has been very arduous. It has been the subject of
his untiring industry for more than ten years, in the earlier
part of which period, however, he was occasionally employed on
additional duties, including the preparation of a large number
of articles for the Imperial Gazetteer. When the work was begun,
it was not anticipated that so much time would be required for
its completion, because it was not contemplated that it would
be carried out on so extensive a scale. Its magnitude may be
estimated by the fact that the Statistical Accounts, exclusive of
the general chapters yet to be reprinted, embrace twenty-seven
Volumes containing on an average 500 pages each. Mr. Campbell
could not have sustained the unflagging zeal displayed by him
for so long a period without an intense interest in the subjects
dealt with. The result is well worthy of the labour expended,
and is a proof of the rare fitness of Mr. Campbell on the ground
both of literary ability and of power of steady application
for the important duty assigned to him. The work is a record of
historical and statistical facts and of information regarding the
country and the people as complete perhaps as ever was produced
on behalf of any Government, and cannot fail to be of the utmost
utility in the future administration of the Presidency.

"2. The thanks of Government have already been conveyed to the
various contributors, and it is only necessary now to add that
they share, according to the importance of their contributions, in
the credit which attaches to the general excellence of the work."

The whole series of Volumes is now complete, and His Excellency in Council congratulates Sir James Campbell and all associated with him in this successful and memorable achievement.

H. O. QUIN,
Secretary to Government,
General Department.

The earliest record of an attempt to arrange for the preparation of Statistical Accounts of the different districts of the Bombay Presidency is in 1843. In 1843 Government called on the Revenue Commissioner to obtain from all the Collectors as part of their next Annual Report the fullest available information regarding their districts. [1] The information was specially to include their own and their Assistants' observations on the state of the cross and other roads not under the superintendence of a separate department, on the passes and ferries throughout the country, on the streets in the principal towns, and on the extension and improvement of internal communications. As from Collectors alone could any knowledge of the state of the district be obtained, the Collectors were desired to include in their Annual Reports observations on every point from which a knowledge of the actual condition of the country could be gathered with the exception of matters purely judicial which were to be supplied by the Judicial Branch of the Administration. Government remarked that, as Collectors and their Assistants during a large portion of the year moved about the district in constant and intimate communication with all classes they possessed advantages which no other public officers enjoyed of acquiring a full knowledge of the condition of the country, the causes of progress or retrogradation, the good measures which require to be fostered and extended, the evil measures which call for abandonment, the defects in existing institutions which require to be remedied, and the nature of the remedies to be applied. Collectors also, it was observed, have an opportunity of judging of the effect of British rule on the condition and character of the people, on their caste prejudices, and on their superstitious observances. They can trace any alteration for the better or worse in dwellings, clothing and diet, and can observe the use of improved implements of husbandry or other crafts, the habits of locomotion, the state of education particularly among the higher classes whose decaying means and energy under our most levelling system compared with that of preceding governments will attract their attention. Finally they can learn how far existing village institutions are effectual to their end, and may be made available for self-government and in the management of local taxation for local purposes.

In obedience to these orders reports were received from the Collectors of Ahmedábád Broach Kaira Thána and Khándesh. Some of the reports, especially that of Mr. J. D. Inverarity, contained much interesting information. These five northern reports were practically the only result of the Circular Letter of 1843.

The question of preparing District Statistical Manuals was not again raised till 1870. In October 1867 the Secretary of State desired the Bombay Government to take steps for the compilation of a Gazetteer of the Presidency on the model of the Gazetteer prepared during that year for the Central Provinces. The Bombay Government requested the two Revenue Commissioners and the Director of Public Instruction to submit a scheme for carrying into effect the orders of the Secretary of State. In reply the officers consulted remarked that the work to be done for the Bombay Presidency would be of a multifarious character; that the article on the commerce of Bombay would require special qualifications in the writer; that again special qualifications would be required for writing accounts of the sacred cities of Násik and Pálitána, of the caves of Ajanta and Ellora, of the histories of Sindh Gujarát and Ahmednagar, and of the Portuguese connection with Western India. The Committee observed that a third form of special knowledge would be required to write accounts of Pársis Khojás and other castes and tribes; that in short the undertaking would be one of much wider scope and greater difficulty than the preparation of the Gazetteer of the Central Provinces. Much thought would be required before the general plan could be laid down, and after the plan was fixed all sorts of questions as to arrangement and treatment of particular parts would be sure to arise. In the Committee's opinion local revenue officers could not as a rule find time to devote to work of this description without neglecting their ordinary duties; but they could correct and amplify such information as a special officer could compile from the published and unpublished records of Government.

In January 1868 the Bombay Government decided that the general supervision and direction of the work should be placed in the hands of a Committee consisting of the Revenue Commissioners, the Director of Public Instruction, and the Commissioner of Customs, and that an Editor should be appointed with a small copying establishment to act under the directions of the Committee. The Editor was to give his entire time to the work and was expected to finish it in about a year. He was to collect and arrange in alphabetical order all recorded information regarding the towns and other places of interest in each Collectorate, and to send printed on half margin each draft when completed to the local officers for verification, additions, and alterations. When the drafts were returned and corrected by the Editor, they were to be laid before the Committee. To enable the Editor to meet such expenses as a fair remuneration for articles contributed by qualified persons, and also to pay for the printing of the work with small accompanying maps, an amount not exceeding Rs. 12,000 was sanctioned for the total expense of the Gazetteer including the payment of the Editor. At the outset it was decided to place a portion of the sum sanctioned not exceeding Rs. 2000, at the disposal of the Commissioner in Sindh to secure the preparation of articles referring to Sindh. The Committee were requested to meet at Poona in June 1868 and to report to Government on the best mode of preparing and editing the Gazetteer and supervising its publication. The Collectors and Political Officers were in the meanwhile requested to ascertain what records in their possession were likely to be useful for the preparation of a Gazetteer and what papers in the possession of others and likely to be useful for the purpose were obtainable within their charge. Collectors and Political Officers were requested to send their replies direct to the Director of Public Instruction who would collect them on behalf of the Committee.

In August 1868 the Bombay Gazetteer Committee, composed of Messrs. A. F. Bellasis Revenue Commissioner N. D. Chairman, Mr. W. H. Havelock Revenue Commissioner S. D. and Sir Alexander Grant, Director of Public Instruction, submitted a report recommending the following arrangements:

(1) That Mr. W. H. Crowe, C.S., then Acting Professor in the
Dakhan College, be appointed Editor of the Gazetteer with a monthly
remuneration of Rs. 200 out of the Rs. 12,000 sanctioned for the
expense of the Gazetteer and that he should at the same time be
attached as an Assistant to the Collector of Poona;
(2) That Mr. Crowe be allowed an establishment not exceeding
Rs. 50 a month chargeable to the grant of Rs. 12,000, and such
contingent charges as may be passed by the Committee;
(3) That Professor Kero Luxman Chhatre be requested to assist
Mr. Crowe on various questions both local and mathematical,
and that on the completion of the work a suitable honorarium be
granted to Professor Kero;
(4) That agreeably to the suggestions of Major Prescott and
Colonel Francis, Mr. Light should be directed to compile for
the different districts all information in the possession of
the Survey Department in communication with the Editor of the
Gazetteer who was to work under the Committee's orders;
(5) That the above appointments be made at present for one year
only, at the end of which from the Committee's progress report,
it would be possible to state with approximate definiteness the
further time required for the completion of the Gazetteer.

These proposals were sanctioned on the 11th September 1868. Towards the close of 1868 Mr. (now Sir) J. B. Peile took the place of Sir A. Grant on the Committee and Colonel Francis was added to the list of the members. Adhering as far as possible to the arrangement followed in the Gazetteer of the Central Provinces, which had met with the approval of the Secretary of State, Mr. Crowe drew out the following list of subjects which was forwarded to all Collectors Sub-Collectors and Survey Superintendents:

I.--General Description.

(a) Latitude and Longitude.
(b) Locality.
(c) Boundaries.
(d) Aspect.
(e) Water-supply.
(f) Rivers.
(g) Mountains.
(h) Area.
(i) Altitude.

II.--Climate, Seasons.

(a) Rainfall.
(b) Health.
(c) Prevailing Diseases.

III.--Geology.

(a) Soils.
(b) Minerals.
(c) Scientific Details.

IV.--History.

V.--Administration.

(a) Judicial.
(b) Revenue.
(c) Miscellaneous.

VI.--Revenue.

(a) Imperial.
(b) Local.

VII.--Population.

(a) Census.
(b) Description of Inhabitants.
(c) Castes.

VIII.--Sub-Divisions.

(a) Names of Tálukás.
(b) Names of Towns.

IX.--Production.

(a) Agriculture.
(b) Forest.
(c) Animals.
(d) Minerals.
(e) Manufactures.

X.--Trade and Commerce.

XI.--Communications.

(a) Roads.
(b) Railways.
(c) Telegraphs.
(d) Post.

XII.--Revenue System and Land Tenures.

XVI.--Education.

(a) Schools.
(b) Instruction.

XIV.--Language.

XV.--Architectural Remains and Antiquities.

XVI.--Principal Towns and Villages.

In 1869 the draft articles prepared by Mr. Crowe were submitted to Mr. (now Sir) W. W. Hunter of the Bengal Civil Service who expressed his satisfaction at the progress made. The Committee adopted certain suggestions made by Sir W. Hunter for the arrangement of the work and for obtaining fuller district figures from the Marine, Irrigation, Cotton, and Survey Offices. In March 1870 a further extension of one year was accorded. The Bombay Government directed that each Collector should choose one of his Assistants to correspond with the Editor and obtain for him all possible information from local records. All Heads of Offices were also desired to exert themselves zealously in aiding the prosecution of the work. In 1871 Mr. Crowe's draft article on the Dhárwár District was sent to Mr. Hunter for opinion who in addition to detailed criticism on various points made the following general remarks:

"My own conception of the work is that, in return for a couple of days' reading, the Account should give a new Collector a comprehensive, and, at the same time, a distinct idea of the district which he has been sent to administer. Mere reading can never supersede practical experience in the district administration. But a succinct and well conceived district account is capable of antedating the acquisition of such personal experience by many months and of both facilitating and systematising a Collector's personal enquiries. The Compiler does not seem to have caught the points on which a Collector would naturally consult the Account. In order that the Editor should understand these points it is necessary that he should have had practical acquaintance with district administration and that he should himself have experienced the difficulties which beset an officer on his taking charge of a district or sub-division. The individual points will differ according to the character of the country. For example in deltaic districts the important question is the control of rivers; in dry districts it is the subject of water-supply. But in all cases a District Account besides dealing with the local specialties should furnish an historical narration of its revenue and expenditure since it passed under the British rule, of the sums which we have taken from it in taxes, and of the amount which we have returned to it in the protection of property and person and the other charges of civil government."

Sir William Hunter laid much stress on the necessity of stating the authority on the strength of which any statement is made and of the propriety of avoiding anything like libels on persons or classes. In 1871 Sir W. Hunter was appointed Director General of Statistics to the Government of India. In this capacity he was to be a central guiding authority whose duty it was to see that each of the Provincial Gazetteers contained the materials requisite for the comparative statistics of the Empire. As some of the Bombay District Accounts were incomplete and as it was thought advisable to embody in the District Accounts the results of the general Census of 1872, it was decided, in October 1871, that pending the completion of the census the Gazetteer work should be suspended and that when the results of the census were compiled and classified a special officer should be appointed for a period of six months to revise and complete the drafts. In October 1871, pending the compilation of the census returns, Mr. Crowe was appointed Assistant Collector at Sholápur and the Gazetteer records were left in a room in the Poona Collector's Office. In September 1872 the whole of the Gazetteer records, including thirty-one articles on British Districts and Native States, were stolen by two youths who had been serving in the Collector's Office as peons. These youths finding the Gazetteer office room unoccupied stole the papers piece by piece for the sake of the trifling amount they fetched as waste paper. Search resulted in the recovery in an imperfect state of seven of the thirty-one drafts. The youths were convicted and sentenced to a year's imprisonment in the Poona Reformatory.

In 1873 Mr. Francis Chapman then Chief Secretary to Government took the preparation of the Gazetteer under his personal control. And in June 1873 Mr. James M. Campbell, C.S., was appointed Compiler. An important change introduced by Mr. Chapman was to separate from the preparation of the series of District Manuals certain general subjects and to arrange for the preparation of accounts of those general subjects by specially qualified contributors. The subjects so set apart and allotted were:

These arrangements resulted in the preparation of the following papers each of which on receipt was printed in pamphlet form:

I. Ethnology; II. Meteorology; III. Geology; and IV. Botany.

Of these papers it has not been deemed advisable to reprint Dr. J. Wilson's Paper on Castes as it was incomplete owing to Dr. Wilson's death in 1875. Reprinting was also unnecessary in the case of Mr. Blandford's Geology and of the late Mr. Chambers' Meteorology, as the contents of these pamphlets have been embodied in works specially devoted to the subject of those contributions. Dr. Burgess never prepared his article on the Archæology of the Presidency, but the materials supplied by the late Pandit Bhagvánlál Indraji prevented the evil effect which this failure would otherwise have caused. Dr. Bhagvánlál also ably supplied the deficiency caused by Dr. G. Bühler's failure to contribute an article on the Early History of Gujarát. The notices of the manufactures in the more important industrial centres to some extent supply the blank caused by the absence of Mr. Terry's contribution. Nothing came of the late Mr. Gordon's Account of the Trade of the Presidency.

On the important subject of Botany besides Dr. W. Gray's original contribution, a valuable paper On Useful Trees and Plants was prepared by Dr. J. C. Lisboa, and a detailed account of Kaira field trees by the late Mr. G. H. D. Wilson of the Bombay Civil Service. These three papers together form a separate Botany Volume No. XXV.

The general contributions on History contained in Vol. I. Parts I. and II. are among the most valuable portions of the Gazetteer. Besides the shorter papers by Mr. L. R. Ashburner, C.S.I., on the Gujarát Mutinies of 1857, by Mr. J. A. Baines, C.S.I., on the Maráthás in Gujarát, by Mr. W. W. Loch, I.C.S., on the Musalmán and Marátha histories of Khándesh and the Bombay Dakhan, and by the late Colonel E. W. West, I.S.C., on the modern history of the Southern Marátha districts, there are the Reverend A. K. Nairne's History of the Konkan which is specially rich in the Portuguese period (A.D. 1500-1750), the late Colonel J. W. Watson's Musalmáns of Gujarát with additions by Khán Sáheb Fazl Lutfullah Farídi of Surat, and the important original histories of the Early Dakhan by Professor Rámkrishna Gopál Bhandárkar, C.I.E., Ph.D., and of the Southern Marátha districts by Mr. J. F. Fleet, I.C.S., C.I.E., Ph.D. With these the early history of Gujarát from materials supplied by the late Pandit Bhagvánlál Indraji, Ph.D., is perhaps not unworthy to rank. The work of completing Dr. Bhagvánlál's history was one of special difficulty. No satisfactory result would have been obtained had it not been for the valuable assistance received from Mr. A. M. T. Jackson, M.A., of the Indian Civil Service.

The importance and the interest of the great subject of Population have added several contributions to the Reverend Doctor J. Wilson's original pamphlet of twenty-three pages. Most of these contributions appear in different District Statistical Accounts especially Dr. John Pollen's, I.C.S., accounts in Khándesh, Mr. Cumine's, I.C.S. in Bijápur, Mr. K. Raghunáthji's in Thána and Poona, Assistant Surgeon Shántárám Vináyak's in Sholápur, Mr. P. F. DeSouza's in Kánara, and the late Ráo Bahádur Trimalrao's in Dhárwár. Except the valuable articles contributed in the Statistical Account of Kachh by Major J. W. Wray, Mr. Vináyakráo Náráyanand Ráo Sáheb Dalpatrám Pránjivan Khakhar, in the Account of Káthiáwár by the late Colonel L. C. Barton, and in the Account of Rewa Kántha by Ráo Bahádur Nandshankar Tuljáshankar the early date at which the Gujarát Statistical Accounts were published prevented the preparation of detailed articles on population. This omission has now been supplied in a separate volume No. IX. The chief contributions to this volume are Ráo Bahádur Bhimbhái Kirpárám's Hindus, Khán Sáheb Fazl Lutfullah Farídi's Musalmáns, and Messrs. Kharsetji N. Servai and Bamanji B. Patel's Pársis.

Besides to these general contributors the series of Statistical Accounts owes much of their fullness and practical usefulness to District Officers especially to the labours of the District Compilers who in most cases were either Collectors or Assistant Collectors. The most important contributors of this class were for Ahmedábád Mr. F. S. P. Lely, C.S.; for Kaira Mr. G. F. Sheppard, C.S.; for the Panch Maháls Mr. H. A. Acworth, C.S.; for Thána Messrs. W. B. Mulock, C.S., E. J. Ebden, C.S., W. W. Loch, C.S., and A. Cumine, C.S.; for Kolába Mr. E. H. Moscardi, C.S.; for Ratnágiri Mr. G. W. Vidal, C.S.; for Khándesh Mr. W. Ramsay, C.S., Dr. John Pollen, C.S., and Mr. A. Crawley-Boevey, C.S.; for Násik Messrs. W. Ramsay, C.S., J. A. Baines, C.S., and H. R. Cooke, C.S.; for Ahmednagar Mr. T. S. Hamilton, C.S.; for Poona Messrs. J. G. Moore, C.S., John MacLeod Campbell, C.S., G. H. Johns, C.S., and A. Keyser, C.S.; for Sátára Mr. J. W. P. Muir-Mackenzie, C.S.; for Sholápur Mr. C. E. G. Crawford, C.S.; for Belgaum Mr. G. McCorkell, C.S.; for Dhárwár Messrs. F. L. Charles, C.S., and J. F. Muir, C.S.; for Bijápur Messrs. H. F. Silcock, C.S., A. Cumine, C.S., and M. H. Scott, C.S.; and for Kánara Mr. J. Monteath, C.S., and Colonel W. Peyton. Of the accounts of Native States, the interesting and complete Gazetteer of Baroda is the work of Mr. F. A. H. Elliott, C.S. The chief contributors to the other Statistical Accounts of Native States were for Kachh Colonel L. C. Barton; for Káthiáwár Colonel J. W. Watson and Colonel L. C. Barton; for Pálanpur Colonel J. W. Watson; for Mahi Kántha Colonels E. W. West and P. H. LeGeyt; for Rewa Kántha Colonel L. C. Barton and Ráo Báhádur Nandshankar Tuljáshankar; for Sávantvádi Colonel J. F. Lester; for Jánjira Mr. G. Larcom; for Kolhápur Colonels E. W. West and W. F. F. Waller and Ráo Bahádur Yeshvant M. Kelkar. The names of numerous other contributors both in and out of Government service who gave help in compiling information connected with their districts have been shewn in the body of each District Statistical Account. Of these the learned and most ungrudging assistance received from Dr. J. Gerson DaCunha of Bombay requires special recognition.

The third main source of preparation was the Compiler's head-quarters office. Through the interest which Mr. Francis Chapman took in the Gazetteer the Compiler was able to secure the services as Assistant of Ráo Báhádur Bhimbhái Kirpárám who was Head Accountant in the Kaira Treasury when the Statistical Account of Kaira was under preparation in 1874. Mr. Bhimbhái's minute knowledge of administrative detail, his power of asking for information in the form least troublesome to district establishments, and of checking the information received, together with his talent for directing the work at head-quarters formed one of the most important elements in the success of the Gazetteer arrangements. Besides to the interest taken by Mr. Francis Chapman the Gazetteer owed much to the advice and to the support of Sir W. W. Hunter, who, in spite of the delay and expense which it involved, secured the full record of the survey and other details in which the Bombay revenue system is specially rich.

In addition to Ráo Bahádur Bhimbhái, the members of the Compiler's office whose work entitles them almost to a place among contributors are: Ráo Sáheb Krishnaráo Narsinh, who drafted many of the Land Revenue and Survey Histories; the late Mr. Ganesh Bhikáji Gunjikar, B.A., who drafted many of the Political Histories; the late Mr. Vaikunthrám Manmathrám Mehta, B.A., and Ráo Bahádur Itchárám Bhagvándás, B.A., who drafted many articles on Description, Production, Agriculture, Capital, and Trade; Mr. K. Raghunáthji who prepared many of the fullest caste accounts; Mr. Ratirám Durgárám, B.A., who drafted many papers on places of interest; and Messrs. Yeshvant Nilkanth and Mahádev G. Nádkarni who drafted many of the sections on Population, Agriculture, Capital, and Trade.

Other officers of Government who have had an important share in the satisfactory completion of the Gazetteer are: Mr. J. Kingsmill the former and Mr. Frámroz Rustamji the present Superintendent of the Government Central Press and Mr. T. E. Coleman the Head Examiner, whose unfailing watchfulness has detected many a mistake. Mr. Waite the late Superintendent of the Photozincographic Press and Mr. T. LeMesurier the present Superintendent have supplied a set of most handy, clear, and accurate maps.

A further means adopted for collecting information was the preparation of papers on the different social, economic, and religious subjects which had proved of interest in preparing the earliest District Statistical Accounts. Between 1874 and 1880 forty-nine question papers which are given as an Appendix to the General Index Volume were from time to time printed and circulated. The answers received to these papers added greatly to the fullness and to the local interest of all the later Statistical Accounts.

The Statistical Accounts of the eighteen British districts and eighty-two Native States of the Bombay Presidency, together with the Materials towards a Statistical Account of the Town and Island of Bombay extend over thirty-three Volumes and 17,800 pages. In addition to these Statistical Accounts 475 articles were prepared in 1877-78 for the Imperial Gazetteer.

JAMES MACNABB CAMPBELL.

Bombay Customs House, }
29th May 1896. }

HISTORY OF GUJARÁT.

This Volume contains the Articles named below:

I.--Early History of Gujarát (B.C. 319-A.D. 1304).--From materials
prepared by the late Pandit Bhagvánlál Indraji, Ph.D., completed
with the help of A. M. T. Jackson, Esquire, M.A., of the Indian
Civil Service.
II.--History of Gujarát, Musalmán Period (A.D. 1297-1760).--Prepared
by the late Colonel J. W. Watson, Indian Staff Corps, former
Political Agent of Káthiáváda, with additions by Khán Sáheb
Fazlullah Lutfulláh Farídi of Surat.
III.--History of Gujarát, Marátha Period (A.D. 1760-1819).--By
J. A. Baines, Esquire, C.S.I., Late of Her Majesty's Bombay
Civil Service.
IV.--Disturbances in Gujarát (A.D. 1857-1859).--By L. R. Ashburner,
Esquire, C.S.I., Late of Her Majesty's Bombay Civil Service.

Appendices:

I.--The Death of Sultán Bahádur.
II.--The Hill Fort of Mándu.
III.--Bhinmál or Shrimál.
IV.--Java and Cambodia.
V.--Arab References.
VI.--Greek References.

JAMES M. CAMPBELL.

29th May 1896.

CONTENTS.

EARLY HISTORY OF GUJARÁT.

PAGE
Boundaries and Name 1-5

Ancient Divisions:

Ánartta; Suráshtra; Láta 6-7

Legends:

Ánartta the first Puránic king of Gujarát, and the Yádavas in
Dwárika 8-12

Mauryan and Greek Rule (B.C. 319-100):

The Mauryas (B.C. 319-197); The Greeks (B.C. 180-100) 13-19

The Kshatrapas (B.C. 70-A.D. 398):

The Name; Northern Kshatrapas; Western Kshatrapas; Nahapána
(A.D. 78-120); Ushavadáta (A.D. 100-120); Nahapána's Era;
Málava Era; Chashtana (A.D. 130); The Mevas or Medas; Jayadáman
(A.D. 140-143) 20-34

Rudradáman (A.D. 143-158); Sudarsana Lake; The Yaudheyas; Dámázada
or Dámájadasrí (A.D. 158-168); Jivadáman (A.D. 178); Rudrasimha
I. (A.D. 181-196); Rudrasena (A.D. 203-220); Prithivísena
(A.D. 222); Sanghadáman (A.D. 222-226); Dámasena (A.D. 226-236);
Dámájadasrí II. (A.D. 236) 35-45

Víradáman (A.D. 236-238); Yasadáman (A.D. 239); Vijayasena
(A.D. 238-249); Dámájadasrí (A.D. 250-255); Rudrasena
II. (A.D. 256-272); Visvasimha (A.D. 272-278); Bharttridáman
(A.D. 278-294); Visvasena (A.D. 294-300); Rudrasimha
(A.D. 308-311); Yasadáman (A.D. 320); Dámasiri (A.D. 320);
Rudrasena (A.D. 348-376); Simhasena; Skanda; Ísvaradatta
(A.D. 230-250); Kshatrapa Family Tree 46-54

The Traikútakas (A.D. 250-450):

Initial Date; Their Race 55-59

The Guptas (G. 90-149; A.D. 410-470):

Dynasty; The founder Gupta (A.D. 319-322 [?]); Ghatotkacha
(A.D. 322-349 [?]); Chandragupta I. (A.D. 349-369 [?]; Samudragupta
(A.D. 370-395); Chandragupta II. (A.D. 396-415); Kumáragupta
(A.D. 416-453); Skandagupta (A.D. 454-470) 60-70

Budhagupta (A.D. 485); Bhánugupta (A.D. 511); The Pushyamitras
(A.D. 455); White Huns (A.D. 450-520); Mihirakula (A.D. 512);
Yasodharman of Málwa (A.D. 533-34) 71-77

The Valabhis (A.D. 509-766):

Valeh Town (1893); Valabhi in A.D. 630; Valabhi Copperplates;
Valabhi Administration (A.D. 500-700); Territorial Divisions; Land
Assessment; Religion; Origin of the Valabhis; History 78-86

First Valabhi Grant (A.D. 526); Senápati Bhatárka (A.D. 509-520?);
the Maitrakas (A.D. 470-509); Senápati's Sons; Dhruvasena
I. (A.D. 526-535); Guhasena (A.D. 539-569); Dharasena
II. (A.D. 569-589); Síláditya I. (A.D. 594-609); Kharagraha
(A.D. 610-615); Dharasena III. (A.D. 615-620); Dhruvasena
II. (Báláditya) (A.D. 620-640); Dharasena IV. (A.D. 640-649);
Dhruvasena III. (A.D. 650-656); Kharagraha (A.D. 656-665);
Síláditya III. (A.D. 666-675); Síláditya IV. (A.D. 691); Síláditya
V. (A.D. 722); Síláditya VI. (A.D. 760); Síláditya VII. (A.D. 766);
Valabhi Family Tree; The fall of Valabhi (A.D. 750-770); The
importance of Valabhi 87-96

Valabhi and the Gehlots; The Válas of Káthiáváda; The Válas and
Káthis; Descent from Kanaksen (A.D. 150); Mewád and the Persians;
Válas 97-106

The Chálukyas (A.D. 634-740):

Jayasimhavarmman (A.D. 666-693); Sryásraya Síláditya (heir
apparent) (A.D. 669-691); Mangalarája (A.D. 698-731); Pulakesi
Janásraya (A.D. 738); Buddhavarmman (A.D. 713?); Nágavarddhana;
Chálukya Tree 107-112

The Gurjjaras (A.D. 580-808):

Copperplates; Gurjjara Tree; Dadda I. (c. 585-605 A.D.); Jayabhata
I. Vítarága (c. 605-620 A.D.); Dadda II. Prasántarága (c. 620-650
A.D.); Jayabhata II. (c. 650-675 A.D.); Dadda III. Báhusaháya
(c. 675-700 A.D.); Jayabhata III. (c. 704-734 A.D.) 113-118

The Ráshtrakútas (A.D. 743-974):

Origin; Name; Early Dynasty (A.D. 450-500); The
main Dynasty (A.D. 630-972); Ráshtrakúta Family Tree
(A.D. 630-972); Copperplates; Kakka II. (A.D. 747); Krishna
and Govinda II. (A.D. 765-795); Dhruva I. (A.D. 795); Govinda
III. (A.D. 800-808); Indra (A.D. 808-812); Karka I. (A.D. 812-821);
Dantivarmman (Heir Apparent); Govinda (A.D. 827-833); Dhruva
I. (A.D. 835-867); Akálavarsha (A.D. 867); Dhruva II. (A.D. 867);
Akálavarsha Krishna (A.D. 888); Main Line restored (A.D. 888-974);
Krishna Akálavarsha (A.D. 888-914); Indra Nityamvarsha (A.D. 914)
119-134

The Mihiras or Mers (A.D. 470-900):

History; The Chúdásamás (A.D. 900-940); The Jethvás; The Mers;
White Húnas; Jhálás 135-147

THE KINGDOM OF ANAHILAVÁDA (A.D. 720-1300).

The Chávadás (A.D. 720-956):

Pañchásar (A.D. 788); Jayasekhara (A.D. 696); Vanarája
(A.D. 720-780?); Founding of Anahilaváda (A.D. 746-765); Vanarája's
Installation; His Image; Vanarája's Successors (A.D. 780-961);
Yogarája (A.D. 806-841); Kshemarája (A.D. 841-880); Chámunda
(A.D. 880-908); Ghághada (A.D. 908-937); Chávadá Genealogy
149-155

The Chaulukyas or Solankis (A.D. 961-1242):

Authorities; The name Chaulukya; Múlarája (A.D. 961-996);
Chámunda (A.D. 997-1010); Durlabha (A.D. 1010-1022); Bhíma
I. (A.D. 1022-1064); Mahmúd's Invasion (A.D. 1024); Somanátha
(A.D. 1024) 156-169

Karna (A.D. 1064-1094); Siddharája Jayasingha (A.D. 1094-1143)
170-181

Kumárapála (A.D. 1143-1174); Ajayapála (A.D. 1174-1177); Múlarája
II. (A.D. 1177-1179); Bhíma II. (A.D. 1179-1242) 182-197

The Vághelás (A.D. 1219-1304):

Arnorája (A.D. 1170-1200); Lavanaprasáda (A.D. 1200-1233);
Víradhavala (A.D. 1233-1238); Vísaladeva (A.D. 1243-1261);
Arjunadeva (A.D. 1262-1274); Sárangadeva (A.D. 1275-1296);
Karnadeva (A.D. 1296-1304); Vághela Genealogy 198-206

MUSALMÁN PERIOD (A.D. 1297-1760).

Introduction:

Territorial Limits; Sorath; Káthiáváda; Under the Kings
(A.D. 1403-1573); Under the Mughals (A.D. 1573-1760); Condition
of Gujarát (A.D. 1297-1802) 207-228

Early Musalmán Governors (A.D. 1297-1403):

Alá-ud-dín Khilji Emperor (A.D. 1295-1315); Ulugh Khán
(A.D. 1297-1317); Ain-ul-Mulk Governor (A.D. 1318); Order
established (A.D. 1318); Muhammad Tughlak Emperor (A.D. 1325-1351);
Táj-ul-Mulk Governor (A.D. 1320); Suppression of insurrection
(A.D. 1347); Surrender of Girnár and Kachh (A.D. 1350);
Fírúz Tughlak Emperor (A.D. 1351-1388); Zafar Khán Governor
(A.D. 1371); Farhat-ul-Mulk Governor (A.D. 1376-1391); Muhammad
Tughlak II. Emperor (A.D. 1391-1393); Zafar Khán Governor
(A.D. 1391-1403) 229-233

Ahmedábád Kings (A.D. 1403-1573):

Muhammad I. (A.D. 1403-1404); Muzaffar (A.D. 1407-1419); Ahmed
I. (A.D. 1411-1441); Ahmedábád built (A.D. 1413); Defeat of the
Ídar Chief (A.D. 1414); Spread of Islám (A.D. 1414); Expedition
against Málwa (A.D. 1417); Chámpáner attacked (A.D. 1418); War
with Málwa (A.D. 1422); Defeat of the Ídar Chief (A.D. 1425);
Recovery of Máhim (A.D. 1429) and Báglán (A.D. 1431); Muhammad
II. (A.D. 1441-1452); Kutb-ud-dín (A.D. 1451-1459); War with
Málwa (A.D. 1451) Battle of Kapadvanj (A.D. 1454); War with Nágor
(A.D. 1454-1459); War with Chitor (A.D. 1455-1459) 234-242

Mahmúd I. Begada (A.D. 1459-1513); Defeat of a conspiracy
(A.D. 1459); Improvement of the soldiery (A.D. 1459-1461);
Help given to the king of the Dakhan (A.D. 1461); Expedition
against Junágadh (A.D. 1467); Capture of Girnár (A.D. 1472);
Disturbances in Chámpáner (A.D. 1472); Conquest of Kachh;
Jagat destroyed; Conspiracy (A.D. 1480); War against Chámpáner
(A.D. 1482-1484); Capture of Pávágad (A.D. 1484); The Khándesh
succession (A.D. 1508); Muzaffar II. (A.D. 1513-1526); Expedition
against Ídar (A.D. 1514); Disturbances in Málwa (A.D. 1517);
Capture of Mándu (A.D. 1518); War with Chitor (A.D. 1519);
Submission of the Rána of Chitor (A.D. 1521); Death of Muzaffar
II. (A.D. 1526) 243-252

Sikandar (A.D. 1526); Máhmúd II. (A.D. 1526); Bahádur
(A.D. 1527-1536); Portuguese intrigues (A.D. 1526); Khándesh
affairs (A.D. 1528); Turks at Diu (A.D. 1526-1530); Capture
of Mándu (A.D. 1530); Quarrel with Humáyún (A.D. 1532); Fall of
Chitor (A.D. 1535); Mughal conquest of Gujarát (A.D. 1535); The
Mughals driven out (A.D. 1536); The Portuguese at Diu (A.D. 1536);
Death of Bahádur (A.D. 1536); Muhammad II. Ásíri (A.D. 1536-1554);
His escape from control; Choosing of evil favourites; Quarrels
among the nobles; Disturbances (A.D. 1545); Death of Mahmúd
(A.D. 1554); Ahmed II. (A.D. 1554-1561); Ítimád Khán Regent;
Partition of the province; Dissensions; Sultánpur and Nandurbár
handed to Khándesh (A.D. 1560); Defeat and death of Sayad Mubárak;
Death of Imád-ul-Mulk Rúmi; Daman district ceded to the Portuguese
(A.D. 1550); Assassination of Ahmed II. (A.D. 1560); Muzaffar
III. (A.D. 1561-1572), a minor; Ítimád Khán and the Fauládis;
The Mírzás (A.D. 1571); Defeat of Ítimád Khán; Death of Changíz
Khán; Ítimád Khán and the Emperor Akbar (A.D. 1572) 252-264

Mughal Viceroys (A.D. 1573-1758).

Emperor Akbar (A.D. 1573-1605):

Capture of Broach and Surat and advance to Ahmedábád (A.D. 1573);
Mirza Ázíz first Viceroy (A.D. 1573-1575); Insurrection
quelled by Akbar (A.D. 1573); Mírza Khán second Viceroy
(A.D. 1575-1577); Survey by Rája Todar Mal; Shaháb-ud-din third
Viceroy (A.D. 1577-1583); Expedition against Junágadh; Ítimád
Khán Gujaráti fourth Viceroy (A.D. 1583-1584); Ahmedábád captured
by Muzaffar (A.D. 1583); Mírza Abdur Rahím Khán (Khán Khánán)
fifth Viceroy (A.D. 1583-1587); Defeat of Muzaffar (A.D. 1584);
Ismáíl Kuli Khán sixth Viceroy (A.D. 1587); Mírza Ázíz Kokaltásh
seventh Viceroy (A.D. 1588-1592); Refuge sought by Muzaffar in
Káthiáváda; Muzaffar attacked by the imperial army; Muzaffar's
flight to Kachh and suicide (A.D. 1591-92); Sultán Murád Baksh
eighth Viceroy (A.D. 1592-1600); Mirza Ázíz Kokaltásh ninth Viceroy
(A.D. 1600-1606) 265-273

Jahángir Emperor (A.D. 1605-1627):

Kalíj Khán tenth Viceroy (A.D. 1606); Sayad Murtaza eleventh
Viceroy (A.D. 1606-1609); Mírza Ázíz Kokaltásh twelfth Viceroy
(A.D. 1609-1611); Sack of Surat by Malik Âmbar (A.D. 1609);
Abdulláh Khán Fírúz Jang thirteenth Viceroy (A.D. 1611-1616);
Mukarrab Khán fourteenth Viceroy (A.D. 1616); Elephant-hunting in
the Panch Maháls (A.D. 1616); Prince Sháh Jehán fifteenth Viceroy
(A.D. 1618-1622); Rebellion of Sháh Jehán (A.D. 1622-23); Sháhi
Bágh built at Ahmedábád; Sultán Dáwar Baksh sixteenth Viceroy
(A.D. 1622-1624); Saif Khán seventeenth Viceroy (A.D. 1624-1627)
273-277

Sháh Jehán Emperor (A.D. 1627-1658):

Sher Khán Túar eighteenth Viceroy (A.D. 1627-1632); Famine
(A.D. 1631-1632); Islám Khán nineteenth Viceroy (A.D. 1632);
Disorder (A.D. 1632); Bákar Khán twentieth Viceroy (A.D. 1632);
Sipáhdár Khán twenty-first Viceroy (A.D. 1633); Saif Khán
twenty-second Viceroy (A.D. 1633-1635); Ázam Khán twenty-third
Viceroy (A.D. 1635-1642); The Kolis punished; The Káthis
subdued; Revolt of the Jám of Navánagar (A.D. 1640); Ísa
Tarkhán twenty-fourth Viceroy (A.D. 1642-1644); Prince Muhammad
Aurangzíb twenty-fifth Viceroy (A.D. 1644-1646); Sháistah Khán
twenty-sixth Viceroy (A.D. 1646-1648); Prince Muhammad Dárá
Shikoh twenty-seventh Viceroy (A.D. 1648-1652); Sháistah Khán
twenty-eighth Viceroy (A.D. 1652-1654); Prince Murád Bakhsh
twenty-ninth Viceroy (A.D. 1654-1657); Murád Baksh proclaimed
emperor (A.D. 1657) Kásam Khán thirtieth Viceroy (A.D. 1657-1659);
Victory of Murád and Aurangzíb; Murád confined by Aurangzíb
(A.D. 1658) 277-282

Aurangzib Emperor (A.D. 1658-1707):

Sháh Nawáz Khán Safávi thirty-first Viceroy (A.D. 1659); Rebellion
of Prince Dárá (A.D. 1659); Prince Dárá defeated (A.D. 1659);
Jasavantsingh thirty-second Viceroy (A.D. 1659-1662); Jasavantsingh
sent against Shiváji (A.D. 1662); Mahábat Khán thirty-third Viceroy
(A.D. 1662-1668); Capture of Navánagar-Islámnagar (A.D. 1664);
Surat plundered by Shiváji (A.D. 1664); Copper coinage introduced
(A.D. 1668); Khán Jehán thirty-fourth Viceroy (A.D. 1668-1671);
Sidi Yákút the Mughal Admiral (A.D. 1670); Mahárája
Jasavantsingh thirty-fifth Viceroy (A.D. 1671-1674); Muhammad
Amín Khán Umdat-ul-Mulk thirty-sixth Viceroy (A.D. 1674-1683);
Increased power of the Bábi family; Revolt of Ídar (A.D. 1679);
Mukhtár Khán thirty-seventh Viceroy (A.D. 1683-1684); Famine
(A.D. 1684); Shujáât Khán (Kártalab Khán) thirty-eighth Viceroy
(A.D. 1684-1703); Mutiny quelled by Shujáât Khán (A.D. 1689);
Revolt of Matiás and Momnás (A.D. 1691); Disturbances in
Káthiáváda (A.D. 1692) and Márwár; Durgádás Ráthod reconciled to
the Emperor (A.D. 1697); Scarcity (A.D. 1698); Prince Muhammad
Aâzam thirty-ninth Viceroy (A.D. 1703-1705); Intrigue against and
escape of Durgádás Ráthod; Surat (A.D. 1700-1703); Ibráhím Khán
fortieth Viceroy (A.D. 1705); Maráthás enter Gujarát; Battle of
Ratanpúr and defeat of the Musalmáns (A.D. 1705); Battle of the
Bába Piárah Ford and second defeat of the Musalmáns (A.D. 1705);
Koli disturbances; Prince Muhammad Bídár Bakht forty-first Viceroy
(A.D. 1705-1706); Durgádás Ráthod again in rebellion; Ibráhím
Khán forty-second Viceroy (A.D. 1706) 283-295

Fifty Years of Disorder (A.D. 1707-1757):

The Marátha advance to Ahmedábád and levy of tribute (A.D. 1707);
Bahádur Sháh I. Emperor (A.D. 1707-1712); Gházi-ud-dín forty-third
Viceroy (A.D. 1708-1710); Jahándár Sháh Emperor (A.D. 1712-13);
Ásif-ud-daulah forty-fourth Viceroy (A.D. 1712-13); Farrukhsiyar
Emperor (A.D. 1713-1719); Shahámat Khán forty-fifth Viceroy
(A.D. 1713); Dáud Khán Panni forty-sixth Viceroy (A.D. 1714-15);
Religious riots in Ahmedábád (A.D. 1714); Further riots in
Ahmedábád (A.D. 1715); Mahárája Ajítsingh forty-seventh Viceroy
(A.D. 1715-1716); Disagreement between the Viceroy and Haidar Kúli
Khán (A.D. 1715); Khán Daurán Nasrat Jang Bahádur forty-eighth
Viceroy (A.D. 1716-1719); Famine (A.D. 1719); Muhammad Sháh
Emperor (A.D. 1721-1748); Mahárája Ajítsingh forty-ninth Viceroy
(A.D. 1719-1721); Piláji Gáikwár at Songad (A.D. 1719); Decay
of imperial power (A.D. 1720); Nizám-ul-Mulk Prime Minister
of the Empire (A.D. 1721); Haidar Kúli Khán fiftieth Viceroy
(A.D. 1721-1722); Disorder in Ahmedábád (A.D. 1721); His arrival
in Gujarát (A.D. 1722); Signs of independence shown by him
and his recall (A.D. 1722); Nizám-ul-Mulk fifty-first Viceroy
(A.D. 1722); Hámid Khán Deputy Viceroy; Momín Khán Governor
of Surat (A.D. 1722); Increase of Marátha power (A.D. 1723)
295-304

Sarbuland Khán fifty-second Viceroy (A.D. 1723-1730); Shujaât
Khán appointed Deputy; Nizám-ul-Mulk and Sarbuland Khán; Sarbuland
Khán's Deputy defeated (A.D. 1724); the Maráthás engaged as Allies;
Battle of Arás; Hámid Khán defeated by Rustam Áli (A.D. 1723);
Hámid Khán joined by Maráthás against Rustam Áli; Mubáriz-ul-Mulk
sent against the Maráthás (A.D. 1725); Retreat of Hámid Khán and
the Maráthás; Ahmedábád entered by Mubáriz-ul-Mulk (A.D. 1725);
Defeat of the Maráthás at Sojitra and Kapadvanj (A.D. 1725);
Marátha expedition against Vadnagar (A.D. 1725); Tribute paid to
the Maráthás (A.D. 1726); Alliance with the Peshwa (A.D. 1727);
Baroda and Dabhoi obtained by Piláji Gáikwár (A.D. 1727); Capture
of Chámpáner by the Maráthás (A.D. 1728); Grant of tribute to the
Peshwa (A.D. 1729); Disturbance raised by Mulla Muhammad Áli at
Surat (A.D. 1729); Petlád given in farm (A.D. 1729); Athva fort
(A.D. 1730); The Viceroy in Káthiáváda and Kachh (A.D. 1730);
Riots at Ahmedábád; Mahárája Abheysingh fifty-third Viceroy
(A.D. 1730-1733); The new Viceroy resisted by Mubáriz-ul-Mulk;
Battle of Adálaj; The Mahárája defeated by Mubáriz-ul-Mulk
(A.D. 1730); Retreat of Mubáriz-ul-Mulk; Government of Abheysingh;
Momín Khán, ruler of Cambay (A.D. 1730); The Peshwa and Viceroy
against Piláji Gáikwár (A.D. 1731); The withdrawal of the Peshwa;
His opponents defeated; Abdúlláh Beg appointed Nizám's Deputy
at Broach; The death of Piláji Gáikwár procured by the Viceroy
(A.D. 1732); Baroda taken; Famine (A.D. 1732); Affairs at Surat
(A.D. 1732); Teghbeg Khán Governor of Surat 305-313

Ratansingh Bhandári Deputy Viceroy (A.D. 1733-1737); Return of
the Maráthás; Contest for the government of Gogha; Disturbance
at Víramgám (A.D. 1734); Baroda recovered by the Maráthás
(A.D. 1734); Change of governor at Víramgám; Failure of Jawán
Mard Khán in an attempt on Ídar; Rivalry of Ratansingh Bhandári
and Sohráb Khán (A.D. 1735); Battle of Dholi; Defeat and death
of Sohráb Khán (A.D. 1735); Rivalry between Ratansingh Bhandári
and Momín Khán (A.D. 1735); Marátha affairs; Dámáji Gáikwár and
Kántáji (A.D. 1735); Battle of Ánand-Mogri; Defeat of Kántáji;
The Maráthás helping Bhávsingh to expel the Víramgám Kasbátis;
The country plundered by the Gáikwár and Peshwa; Momín Khán
fifty-fourth Viceroy (A.D. 1737); Siege of Ahmedábád; Mahárája
Abheysingh fifty-fifth Viceroy (A.D. 1737); The siege of Ahmedábád
continued by Momín Khán; Defence of the city by Ratansingh
Bhandári; Ahmedábád captured by Momín Khán (A.D. 1738); Momín Khán
fifty-sixth Viceroy (A.D. 1738-1743); Prosperity of Ahmedábád
(A.D. 1738); Tribute collected by the Viceroy (A.D. 1738);
Sher Khán Bábi Deputy Governor of Sorath (A.D. 1738); Tribute
collected by the Deputy Viceroy (A.D. 1739); Capture of Bassein
by the Maráthás (A.D. 1739); Tribute expedition (A.D. 1740);
The Viceroy at Cambay (A.D. 1741); Víramgám surrendered and Pátdi
received by Bhávsingh; Siege of Broach by the Maráthás (A.D. 1741);
Battle of Dholka; Defeat of the Maráthás (A.D. 1741); Contests
between the Musalmáns and Maráthás; Disturbance at Ahmedábád
(A.D. 1742); Collection of tribute in Káthiáváda by the Viceroy;
Death of Momín Khán (A.D. 1743) 314-326

Fidá-ud-dín acting as Viceroy (A.D. 1743); The Maráthás defeated
by Muftakhir Khán; Dámáji Gáikwár's return to Gujarát; Abdúl Ázíz
Khán of Junnar Viceroy (by a forged order); Mutiny of the troops;
Petlád captured by the Maráthás; Muftakhir Khán fifty-seventh
Viceroy (A.D. 1743-1744); Jawán Mard Khán appointed Deputy; The
Maráthás in Ahmedábád; Battle of Kim Kathodra; Defeat and death
of Abdúl Ázíz Khán (A.D. 1744); Fakhr-ud-daulah fifty-eighth
Viceroy (A.D. 1744-1748); Jawán Mard Khán Bábi Deputy Viceroy;
Khanderáv Gáikwár called to Sátára; Defeat and capture of the
Viceroy by Jawán Mard Khán Bábi; Rangoji disgraced by Khanderáv
Gáikwár; Rangoji and Jawán Mard Khán opposed by Punáji Vithal
and Fakhr-ud-daulah; Siege of Kapadvanj by Fakhr-ud-daulah
(A.D. 1746); The siege raised at the approach of Holkar; Momín
Khán II. governor of Cambay (A.D. 1748); Increased strength of
Fakhr-ud-daulah's party; Dissensions among the Maráthás; Surat
affairs (A.D. 1748); Escape of Mulla Fakhr-ud-din to Bombay;
Cession of Surat revenue to the Gáikwár (A.D. 1747); Famine
(A.D. 1747); Marátha dissensions; Fall of Borsad 326-332

Mahárája Vakhatsingh fifty-ninth Viceroy (A.D. 1748); Ahmed Sháh
Emperor (A.D. 1748-1754); Spread of disorder; Surat affairs
(A.D. 1750); Sayad Achchan unpopular; Safdar Muhammad brought
back by the Dutch; Retreat of Sayad Achchan; Jawán Mard Khán
and the Peshwa (A.D. 1750); The Peshwa and Gáikwár (A.D. 1751);
Broach independent (A.D. 1752); Pándurang Pandit repulsed at
Ahmedábád (A.D. 1752); Marátha invasion; Return of Jawán Mard
Khán; Gallant defence of Ahmedábád; Surrender of Jawán Mard
Khán; Ahmedábád taken by the Maráthás (A.D. 1753); Collection of
tribute; Mughal coinage discontinued; Failure of an attempt on
Cambay (A.D. 1753); The Kolis; Cambay attacked by the Maráthás
(A.D. 1754); Alamgír II. (A.D. 1754-1759); Contest with Momín
Khán renewed (A.D. 1754); Gogha taken by Momín Khán (A.D. 1755);
Ahmedábád recovered by Momín Khán (17th October 1756); Jawán
Mard Khán allying himself with the Maráthás; Ahmedábád invested
by the Maráthás (A.D. 1756); Momín Khán helped by Ráo of Ídar
(A.D. 1757); Successful sally under Shambhurám; Negotiations
for peace; Marátha arrangements in Ahmedábád; New coins; Momín
Khán at Cambay; Expedition from Kachh against Sindh (A.D. 1758);
Tribute levied by the Maráthás; Surat affairs (A.D. 1758); The
command of Surat taken by the English (A.D. 1759); Momín Khán's
visit to Poona (A.D. 1759); Sadáshiv Rámchandra Peshwa's Viceroy
(A.D. 1760); The Maráthás in Káthiáváda (A.D. 1759); Ápa Ganesh
Viceroy (A.D. 1761); Battle of Pánipat (A.D. 1761) 332-345

Appendix I.--Death of Sultán Bahádur (A.D. 1526-1536) 347-351

Appendix II.--The Hill Fort of Mándu; Description; History; The Málwa Sultáns (A.D. 1400-1570); The Mughals (A.D. 1570-1720); The Maráthás (A.D. 1720-1820); Notices (A.D. 1820-1895) 352-384.

MARÁTHA PERIOD (A.D. 1760-1819).

History; Siváji's first inroad (A.D. 1664); Siváji's second
attack (A.D. 1670); Sáler taken (A.D. 1672); The Narbada crossed
(A.D. 1675); Raids by Dábháde (A.D. 1699-1713); Dábháde
(A.D. 1716); Dábháde Senápati; the Peshwa's negotiations
(A.D. 1717); Dámáji Gáikwár (A.D. 1720); Marátha tribute
(A.D. 1723); Kántáji Kadam; Marátha dissensions (A.D. 1725);
The Peshwa (A.D. 1726); Cession of tribute (A.D. 1728); Coalition
against the Peshwa (A.D. 1730); Defeat of the allies (A.D. 1731);
Assassination of Piláji Gáikwár (A.D. 1732); Baroda secured by
the Gáikwár (A.D. 1734); The Marátha Deputy Governor (A.D. 1736);
Ahmedábád riots (A.D. 1738-1741); Siege of Broach (A.D. 1741);
Rangoji prisoner at Borsad (A.D. 1742); Quarrels regarding the
Viceroyalty between Dámáji and Rághoji Bhonsle (A.D. 1743-44);
Rangoji confined in Borsad (A.D. 1745); the Gáikwár in Surat
(A.D. 1747) 385-395

Haribá attacked by Rangoji; Death of Umábái (A.D. 1748); Dámáji
deputy in Gujarát; Dámáji against Peshwa; Dámáji Gáikwár arrested
(A.D. 1751); The Peshwa and Surat; Release of Dámáji (A.D. 1752);
Capture of Ahmedábád (A.D. 1753); Raghunáthráv at Cambay; The
Peshwa's deputy at Ahmedábád; Ahmedábád captured by the Nawáb of
Cambay; Dámáji and Khanderáv Gáikwár at Ahmedábád; Surrender of
the Nawáb; Sayájiráv in Ahmedábád; Peshwa's agent Sadáshiv at
Surat; The Marátha demand of tribute from the Nawáb of Cambay;
The Nawáb at Poona; Lunáváda plundered by Khanderáv; Expedition
against Bálásinor; The estates of Jawán Mard Khán retaken
by Dámáji; The Peshwa and the English (A.D. 1761); One of the
Jádhav family Senápati; Ghorpade family again Senápati; Intrigues
of Rághoba (A.D. 1768); Death of Dámáji Gáikwár (A.D. 1768);
Disputed succession; Rághobá Peshwa (A.D. 1774); Rághoba in
Gujarát (A.D. 1775); Rághobá defeated; His arrival at Surat;
Treaty of Surat (A.D. 1775); Colonel Keating in Gujarát; Rághoba
accompanied by Colonel Keating; Rághoba in Cambay (A.D. 1775);
Govindráv Gáikwár's army; Advance of the combined forces; Defeat
of Fatesingh (A.D. 1775); Retreat of the ministerial general;
Colonel Keating at Dabhoi (A.D. 1775); Rághoba and the Gáikwárs;
Withdrawal of the British contingent; Negotiations at Poona;
Rághoba at Surat (A.D. 1776); Negotiations at Poona (A.D. 1777);
Fresh alliance with Rághoba (A.D. 1778) 396-407

The convention of Bhadgaon (A.D. 1779); Negotiation with the
Gáikwár; Escape of Rághoba from Sindia (A.D. 1779); League against
the English (A.D. 1780); Treaty with Fatesingh Gáikwár; Ahmedábád
taken by General Goddard (A.D. 1780); Operations against Sindia
and Holkar; Treaty of Sálbái (A.D. 1782); Death of Fatesingh
(A.D. 1789); Govindráv detained at Poona (A.D. 1793); Office of
Regent at Baroda taken by Govindráv; Ába Shelukar Deputy Governor
of Gujarát (A.D. 1796); Disputes between Ába and Govindráv Gáikwár;
Gujarát farmed to the Gáikwár (A.D. 1799); Ánandráv Gáikwár
(A.D. 1800); British aid to Govindráv's party; The British and
the Gáikwár (A.D. 1800); The Gáikwár's minister Rávji; Treaty
of Bassein (31st December 1802); Arabs disbanded; Malhárráv in
revolt (A.D. 1803); Contingent strengthened (A.D. 1803); Death of
Rávji (A.D. 1803); War with Sindia; The revenue collecting force;
Renewal of (Gujarát) farm (A.D. 1804); The British and the Gáikwár
(A.D. 1805); Káthiáváda tribute; State of Káthiáváda (A.D. 1807);
The revenue raid system 407-418

The Maráthás in Sorath; Securities; Bháts and Chárans (A.D. 1807);
British intervention; Financial and political settlements
(A.D. 1807); Peshwa's share in Káthiáváda; Later arrangements;
The Mahi Kántha; Supplementary treaty (A.D. 1808); Okhámandal
(A.D. 1809); Disturbances in Káthiáváda (A.D. 1811); The
Gáikwár's payment of the pecuniary loan to the British Government
(A.D. 1812); Discussions with Poona government about the old
claims on the Gáikwár's estate (A.D. 1813-14); Peshwa intrigue
in Baroda (A.D. 1814); Okhámandal ceded to the Gáikwár; British
aid at Junágadh; Treaty of Poona (A.D. 1817); Treaty with the
Gáikwár (A.D. 1817-18); Close of Marátha supremacy (A.D. 1819);
General Review 418-432

GUJARÁT DISTURBANCES (A.D. 1857-1859).

The Red Salt Scare (A.D. 1857); The passing of the Pariah dog;
Gold hoarding; Seditious native press; Maulvi Saráj-ud-din;
Apparent weakness of British rule; Administrative defects; The
Courts disliked; The Inám Commission; The army disloyal; Báiza Bái
of Gwálior; Pársi riot in Broach (June 1857); Mutiny at Mhow (July
1857); Mutiny at Ahmedábád (July 1857); Mr. Ashburner's force;
General Roberts; Rising at Amjera and in the Panch Maháls (July
1857); Mutinies at Abu and Erinpur (A.D. 1857); Disturbance at
Ahmedábád (14th September 1857); Rádhanpur disloyal; Arab outbreak
at Sunth; Disturbance in Lunáváda; Conspiracy at Dísa; Conspiracy
at Baroda; Want of combination; Marátha conspiracy; Gathering at
Partábpur and at Lodra; Partial disarming; Náikda revolt (October
1858); Tátia Topi (A.D. 1858); Tátia Topi's defeat at Chhota Udepur
(December 1858); Náikda disturbance (A.D. 1858); Wágher outbreak
(A.D. 1859); Expedition against Bet (A.D. 1859); Bet Fort taken;
Dwárka fort taken; Rising in Nagar Párkar 433-448

APPENDICES.

Bhinmál or Shrimál--Description, People, Objects of Interest,
History, Inscriptions 449-488

Java and Cambodia 489-504

Arab References 505-531

Greek References 532-547

Index 549-594

PART I.

EARLY HISTORY OF GUJARÁT.

Comments

History of GujarátChapter I: Front Matter

0%31 min left in chapter