Chapter XXXIX: Appendix: III (2)

[History.] The historical interest of Shrimál centres in the fact that it was long the capital of the main branch of the great northern race of Gurjjaras. It is well known that many mentions of the Gurjjaras and their country in inscriptions and historical works refer to the Chaulukya or Solanki kingdom of Anahilaváda (A.D. 961-1242) or to its successor the Vághelá principality (A.D. 1219-1304). But the name Gurjjara occurs also in many documents older than the tenth century and has been most variously and inconsistently explained. Some take the name to denote the Chávadás of Anahilaváda (A.D. 746-942), some the Gurjjaras of Broach (A.D. 580-808) and some, among them Dr. Bhagvánlál Indraji, even the Valabhis (A.D. 509-766), but not one of these identifications can be made to apply to all cases. As regards the Valabhis even if they were of Gurjjara origin they are not known to have at any time called themselves Gurjjaras or to have been known by that name to their neighbours. The identification with the Gurjjaras of Broach is at first sight more plausible, as they admitted their Gurjjara origin as late as the middle of the seventh century, but there are strong reasons against the identification of the Broach branch as the leading family of Gurjjaras. Pulakesi II. in his Aihole inscription of A.D. 634 (S. 556) [1095] claims to have subdued by his prowess the Látas Málavas and Gurjjaras, which shows that the land of the Gurjjaras was distinct from Láta, the province in which Broach stood. Similarly Hiuen Tsiang (c. 640 A.D.) speaks of the kingdom of Broach by the name of the city and not as Gurjjara or the Gurjjara country. In the following century the historians of the Arab raids [1096] notice Barus (Broach) separately from Jurz or Gurjjara, and the Chálukya grant of 490 that is of A.D. 738-739 mentions the Gurjjaras after the Chávotakas (Chávadás) and the Mauryas (of Chitor) as the last of the kingdoms attacked by the Arab army. Later instances occur of a distinction between Láta and Gurjjara, but it seems unnecessary to quote them as the Gurjjara kingdom of Broach probably did not survive the Ráshtrakúta conquest of south Gujarát (A.D. 750-760).

The evidence that the name Gurjjara was not confined to the Chávadás is not less abundant. It will not be disputed that references of earlier date than the foundation of Anahilaváda (A.D. 746) cannot apply to the Chávadá kingdom, and further we find the Chálukya grant of A.D. 738-739 expressly distinguishing between the Chávadás and the Gurjjaras and calling the former by their tribal name Chávotaka. It might be supposed that as the power of the Chávadás increased, they became known as the rulers of the Gurjjara country; and it must be admitted that some of the references to Gurjjaras in the Ráshtrakúta grants are vague enough to apply to the Chávadás. Still, if it can be shown that others of these references cannot possibly apply to the Chávadás, and if we assume, as we must, that the name of Gurjjara was used with the slightest consistency, it will follow that the ninth and tenth century references to the Gurjjaras do not apply to the Chávadá kingdom of Anahilaváda.

The Van-Dindori and Rádhanpur plates of the great Ráshtrakúta Govinda III. [1097] state that Govinda's father Dhruva (C. 780-800 A.D.) "quickly caused Vatsarája, intoxicated with the goddess of the sovereignty of Gauda that he had acquired with ease, to enter upon the path of misfortune in the centre of Maru" and took away from him the two umbrellas of Gauda. A comparison of this statement with that in the Baroda grant of Karka II. [1098] which is dated A.D. 812-813, to the effect that Karka made his arm "the door-bar of the country of the lord of the Gurjjaras, who had become evilly inflamed by conquering the lord of Gauda and the lord of Vanga" makes it highly probable that Vatsarája was king of the Gurjjaras at the end of the eighth century. As no such name occurs in the Chávadá lists, it follows that the Gurjjaras referred to in the inscriptions of about A.D. 800 were not Chávadás.

It is also possible to show that more than a century later the Chávadás were distinct from the Gurjjaras. The Kánarese poet Pampa, writing in A.D. 941, [1099] states that the father of his patron Arikesari vanquished Mahipála king of the Gurjjaras, who may be identified with the Mahipála who is named as overlord in the grant of Dharanívaráha of Wadhwán, [1100] dated A.D. 914. As no Mahipála occurs in the Chávadá lists, the Gurjjara kingdom must be sought elsewhere than at Anahilaváda. Since the Gurjjaras of the eighth and ninth century inscriptions cannot be identified either with the Valabhis, the Broach Gurjjaras, or the Anahilaváda Chávadás, they must represent some other family of rulers. A suitable dynasty seems to be supplied by Hiuen Tsiang's kingdom of Kiu-che-lo or Gurjjara, the capital of which he calls Pi-lo-mo-lo. [1101] The French translators took Pi-lo-mo-lo to be Bálmer in Rájputána. But Dr. Bühler following the late Colonel Watson, identifies it, no doubt rightly, with Bhinmál or Bhilmál. [1102]

A short sketch of the history of the Gurjjaras, so far as it can be pieced together from contemporary sources, may help to show the probability of these identifications. The Gurjjaras apparently entered India in the fifth century A.D. The earliest notice of them occurs in the Srí Harshacharita, a work of the early seventh century, in which during the early years of the seventh century Prabhákaravardhana the father of Srí Harsha of Magadha (A.D. 606-641) is said to have conquered the king of Gandhára, the Húnas, the king of Sindh, the Gurjjaras, the Látas, and the king of Málava. [1103] The date of their settlement at Bhinmál is unknown, but as their king was recognised as a Kshatriya in Hiuen Tsiang's time (c. 640 A.D.) it probably was not later than A.D. 550. Towards the end of the sixth century (c. 585) they seem to have conquered northern Gujarát and Broach and to have forced the Valabhis (A.D. 509-766) to acknowledge their supremacy. (See above page 465.) They took very kindly to Indian culture, for in A.D. 628 the astronomer Brahmagupta wrote his Siddhánta at Bhinmál under king Vyághramukha, who, he states, belonged to the Srí Chápa dynasty. [1104] This valuable statement not only gives the name of the Gurjjara royal house but at the same time proves the Gurjjara origin of the Chápotkatas or Chávotakas, that is the Chávadás of later times. This Vyághramukha is probably the same as the Gurjjara king whom in his inscription of S. 556 (A.D. 634) Pulakesi II. claims to have subdued. [1105] A few years later (c. 640 A.D.) Hiuen Tsiang describes the king (probably Vyághramukha's successor) as a devout Buddhist and just twenty years of age. The country was populous and wealthy, but Buddhists were few and unbelievers many. The Gurjjaras did not long retain their southern conquests. In Hiuen Tsiang's time both Kaira (Kie-cha) and Vadnagar (Ánandapura) belonged to Málava, while the Broach chiefs probably submitted to the Chálukyas. No further reference to the Bhinmál kingdom has been traced until after the Arab conquest of Sindh when (A.D. 724-750) the Khalifa's governor Junaid sent his plundering bands into all the neighbouring countries and attacked among other places Márwád (Márwár), Maliba (Málwa), Barus (Broach), Uzain (Ujjain), Al Bailamán (Bhilmál ?), and Jurz (Gurjjara). [1106] As noticed above the contemporary Chálukya plate of A.D. 738-9 also mentions Gurjjara as one of the kingdoms attacked. After these events the Arabs seem to have confined themselves to raiding the coast towns of Káthiáváda without attacking inland states such as Bhinmál. Immediately after the Arab raids ceased the Gurjjaras had to meet a new enemy the Ráshtrakútas who after supplanting the Chálukyas in the Dakhan turned their attention northwards. Dantidurga in his Samangad grant of A.D. 753-4 [1107] speaks of ploughing the banks of the Mahí and the Revá (Narbada), and in his Elura inscription [1108] of conquering among other countries Málava Láta and Tanka. [1109] A few years later (A.D. 757-58) a branch of the main Ráshtrakúta line established its independence in Láta in the person of Kakka.

The next notice of the Gurjjaras occurs in the Rádhanpur and Van-Dindori grants of Govinda III. [1110] who states that his father Dhruva (c. 780-800 A.D.) caused "Vatsarája, intoxicated with the goddess of the sovereignty of Gauda that he had acquired with ease, to enter upon the path of misfortune in the centre of Maru" and took from him the two white umbrellas of Gauda. As already stated, a comparison with the Baroda grant of Karka II. [1111] shows that this Vatsarája was a Gurjjara king and that he had made extensive conquests in Upper India as far east as Bengal. Now it is notable that the genealogies of two of the most important Agnikula races, the Paramáras and the Chauháns, go back to this very time (c. 800 A.D.) [1112]. Taking this fact in connection with the prevalence of the surnames Pavár and Chaván among Gujars in such remote provinces as the Panjáb and Khándesh, it seems obvious that these two tribes and therefore also the two other Agnikula races, the Parihárs and Solankis are, if not of Gurjjara origin, at all events members of the great horde of northern invaders whom the Gurjjaras led. The agreement between this theory and the Agnikula legends of Ábu need only be pointed out to be admitted. The origin of the modern Rájput races has always been one of the puzzles of Indian history. This suggestion seems to offer at least a partial solution.

The Rádhanpur grant (A.D. 807-8) further states that when the Gurjjara saw Govinda III. approaching, he fled in fear to some unknown hiding-place. This probably means no more than that Vatsarája did not oppose Govinda in his march to the Vindhyas. The next reference is in the Baroda grant of Karka II. of Gujarát who boasts that his father Indra (c. 810 A.D.) alone caused the leader of the Gurjjara lords to flee. Karka adds that he himself, for the purpose of protecting Málava, "who had been struck down," made his arm the door-bar of the country of Gurjjaresvara, who "had become evilly inflamed" by the conquest of Gauda and Vanga. [1113] It is difficult to avoid supposing that we have here a reference to the Paramára conquest of Málwa and that Karka checked the southward march of the victorious army. For some years no further mention has been traced of the Gurjjaras. But in A.D. 851 the Arab merchant Sulaiman states [1114] that the king of Juzr was one of the kings "around" the Balhára, that is the Ráshtrakúta, and that he was very hostile to the Musalmáns, which is not surprising, considering how his kingdom was exposed to the Arab raids from Sindh. Dhruva III. of Broach, in his Bagumrá grant of A.D. 867 [1115] speaks of "the host of the powerful Gurjjaras" as one of the dangerous enemies he had to fear. About A.D. 890 a Gurjjara chief named Alakhána ceded Takkadesa in the Panjáb to Sankaravarmman of Kashmir. [1116] But as Alakhána was a vassal of Lalliya, the Sáhi of Ohind near Swát, this event did not affect the Bhínmál empire. To about A.D. 900 belongs the notice of the Ráshtrakúta Krishna II. in the Deoli and Navsári grants [1117] where he is stated to have frightened the Gurjjaras, destroyed the pride of Láta, and deprived the coast people of sleep. His fights with the Gurjjaras are compared to the storms of the rainy season, implying that while the relations of the two empires continued hostile, neither was able to gain any decisive advantage over the other. To this same period belongs Ibn Khurdádba's (A.D. 912) statement [1118] that the king of Juzr was the fourth in rank of the kings of India and that the Tátariya dirhams were used in his country. In connection with the latter point it is worth noting that the pattávali of the Upakesagaccha [1119] gives a story which distinctly connects the origin of the Gadhia coinage with Bhínmál. [1120] The grant of Dharanívaráha, the Chápa chief of Vadhván, dated A.D. 914 [1121] gives us the name of his overlord Mahipála, who, as already pointed out, must be identified with the Mahipála who was defeated by the Karnátak king Narasimha. [1122] The fact that Vadhván was a Chápa dependency implies that Anahilaváda was one also. We may in fact conclude that throughout the Chávadá period Anahilaváda was a mere feudatory of Bhínmál, a fact which would account for the obscurities and contradictions of Chávadá history.

The Deoli grant of the Ráshtrakúta Krishna III. which is dated A.D. 940 [1123] describes the king's victories in the south as causing the hope of Kálanjara and Chitrakúta to drop away from the heart of the Gurjjara. At this time Kalinjar belonged to the Kalachuris of Central India and Chitrakúta or Chitod to the Gehlots of Mewád and the phrase used by Krishna implies that the Gurjjara chief had his eye on these two famous fortresses and had perhaps already besieged them unsuccessfully. In either case this notice is evidence of the great and far-reaching power of the Gurjjaras. Masudi (A.D. 915) notices that the king of Juzr was frequently at war with the Balhara (Ráshtrakúta) and that he had a large army and many horses and camels.

A Chandel stone inscription from Khajuráho describes Yasovarmman and Lakshavarmman as successful in war against Gaudas, Khasas, Kosalas, Kásmíras, Maithilas, Málavas, Chedis, Kurus, and Gurjjaras. [1124] And soon after about A.D. 953 during the reign of Bhímasena a migration of 18,000 Gurjjaras from Bhínmál is recorded. [1125] The memory of this movement remains in the traditions of the Gujars of Khándesh into which they passed with their carts in large numbers by way of Málwa. [1126] An important result of this abandonment of Bhínmál was the transfer of overlordship from Bhínmál to Anahilaváda whose first Chálukya or Solanki king Múlarája (A.D. 961-996) is, about A.D. 990, described as being accompanied by the chief of Bhinmál as a subordinate ally in his war with Graharipu (see above page 451). The Gurjjara or Bhinmál empire seems to have broken into several sections of which the three leading portions were the Chauháns of Sámbhar, the Paramáras of Málwa, and the Solankis of Anahilaváda.

The inscriptions which follow throw a certain amount of light on the history of Bhinmál during and after the Solanki period. The two earliest in date (Nos. 1 and 2) which are probably of the tenth century, give no historical details. Nos. 3 and 4 show that between A.D. 1057 and 1067 Bhinmál was ruled by the Mahárájádhirája Krishnarája of the Paramára race. This is a valuable confirmation of Rájput tradition, according to which [1127] the Paramára Rája of Ábu was followed by the prince of Srímála, when he aided Múlarája against Graharipu (c. 990 A.D.) and the Paramáras remained paramount in this region until the beginning of the thirteenth century. [1128] The title of Mahárájádhirája meant much less at this period than it meant before the Valabhi kings had cheapened it. Still it shows that Krishnarája's rank was considerably higher than that of a mere feudatory chieftain. Inscription No. 3 gives the names of Krishnarája's father Dhamdhuka and of his grandfather Devarája. The first of these two names occurs in the main line of Ábu as the successor of Dhúmarája the first Paramára sovereign. [1129] According to Rájput tradition the Paramáras were at one time supreme in Marásthalí and held all the nine castles of the Waste. But in the historical period their chief possessions in Márwád lay about Ábu and Chandrávati, though we have a glimpse of another branch maintaining itself at Kerálu near Bádmer. [1130] The Paramára chiefs of Ábu are constantly referred to in the Solanki annals, and during the golden age of the Solanki monarchy (A.D. 1094-1174) they were the vassals of that power, and their Bhinmál branch, if it was ever a distinct chiefship, probably followed the fortunes of the main line, though the Bhinmál inscriptions give us no facts for this long period. The next item of information is given by Inscription 5, which is dated in the Samvat year 1239 (A.D. 1183) in the reign of the Maháraul Srí Jayatasíha-deva. This name is of special interest, as it can hardly be doubted that we have here to do with that "Jaitsí Parmár" of Ábu whose daughter's beauty caused the fatal feud between "Bhíma Solanki" of Anahilaváda and Prithiráj Chohán of Delhi. [1131] The title of Mahâraul is to be noted as indicating the decline of the family from the great days of Krishnarája.

Towards the end of the thirteenth century the old world was falling to pieces, and the Paramáras lost one after another nearly all their ancient possessions to the Choháns of Nádol. Bhinmál must have fallen about A.D. 1200 or a few years before, for Inscription No. 6 is dated Samvat 1262 (A.D. 1206) in the reign of the Mahárájádhirája Srí Udayasimhadêva, who, as we learn from Inscription 12, was the son of the Maháraul Srí Samarasimhadeva, of the Chohán race. The sudden rise of the son to greatness is implied in the difference of title and it may be inferred that Udayasimha himself was the conqueror of Bhinmál, though the capture of Ábu is ascribed by Forbes to a chief named Lúniga. [1132]

Inscriptions Nos. 6 to 8 being dated in the reign of Udayasimha, show that he lived to at least the year A.D. 1249 and therefore reigned at least forty-three years. He is also referred to in the Inscription No. 10, dated A.D. 1274, but in a way that does not necessarily imply that he was still alive, as the record only speaks of an endowment for his spiritual benefit, made by a person who was perhaps an old retainer. His name also occurs in the genealogy in No. 12. His reign was apparently a prosperous one but no historical facts beyond those already noted are known about him.

Inscription No. 12 shows that Udayasimha had a son named Váhadhasimha, who, as he is given no royal title, probably died before his father. Udayasimha's successor, or at all events the next king in whose reign grants are dated, was Cáciga, who is given the title of Maháraul in Inscriptions 11 (A.D. 1277) and 12 (A.D. 1278). [1133] His relationship to Udayasimha does not clearly appear, but he was probably either an elder brother or an uncle of the Cámunda for whose benefit the gift recorded in Inscription 12 was made and who seems to be a grandson of Udayasimha. Cáciga appears to be the Mahámandalesvara Cáciga of Inscription 15 in the Bháunagar State Collection (Bháu. Prá. I. list page 5) which is stated to bear the date Samvat 1332 (A.D. 1276) and to be engraved on a pillar in the temple of Pársvanátha at Ratanpur near Jodhpúr. It is clear that he was tributary to some greater power though it is not easy to say who his suzerain was. At this period Márwár was in a state of chaos under the increasing pressure of the Ráthods. Only five years after Cáciga's last date (A.D. 1278) we meet with the name of a new ruler, the Maháraul Srí Sámvatasimha. He is mentioned in Inscriptions 13 (A.D. 1283) 14 (A.D. 1286) and 15 (A.D. 1289) and also in 44 of the Bháunagar Collection (A.D. 1296 Bháu. Prá. I. list page 13) from a Jain temple at Juná. He is not stated to have belonged to the same family as the previous rulers, but he bears the family title of Maháraul, and it may be inferred with probability that he was a son of Cáciga. He reigned for at least thirteen years (A.D. 1283-1296). It must have been about A.D. 1300 or a little later, that the Choháns were deprived of Bhinmál by the Ráthods and the line of Udayasimha died out. [1134]

[Inscriptions.] The Jagsvámi temple has the honour of supplying fifteen of eighteen unmodern inscriptions found at Bhinmál. Of the fifteen inscriptions belonging to Jagsvámi's temple nine are in place and six have been removed to other buildings. Of the six which have been moved five are in Báráji's rest-house in the east and one is in the enclosure of Mahálakshámí's temple in the south of the town. Of the three remaining inscriptions of one (No. 3) the date S. 1106 (A.D. 1043) is alone legible. Of the letters on the two others, one in the bed and the other on the north bank of the Jaikop lake, no portion can be read. Arranged according to date the sixteen inscriptions of which any portion has been read come in the following order:

I.--(S. 950-1050; A.D. 900-1000. No. 1 of Plan.) On the left hand side of the eastern face of the broken architrave of the porch of the shrine of Jagsvâmi. The letters show the inscription to be of about the tenth century:

Srî Jagasvâmidêvasya vâsare

on the day of Srî Jagasvâmi. [1135]

II.--(S. 950-1050; A.D. 900-1000. No. 2 of Plan.) On the south face of the eightsided section of the northern pillar of the shrine porch in the temple of Jagsvâmi. Wrongly described in Bhâvanagara prâcînasodhasangraha I. under No. 46 of the State Collection, as referring to a man called Vasumdhara and dated Vi. S. 1330. As the letters show, the inscription is of about the tenth century. It consists of a single complete verse:

1. Vasumdharî-kâri-
2. tâu dvâu stambhâv ê-
3. -tâu manôharâu
4. svapituh Santaka-
5. sârthê satatam
6. punyavriddhayê ||

These two lovely pillars Vasumdharî had made for her father
Santaka's sake for increase of merit for ever.

III.--(S. 1106; A.D. 1049. Not on Plan.) On the east side of the southern water channel into Gautama's lake three-quarters of a mile north of the town. Except the date nothing can be deciphered.

IV.--(S. 1117; A.D. 1060. Not on Plan.) On the lower part of a pillar in the dharmasálá east of the temple of Bârâji on the east of the town. Prose:

1. Om Namah sûryâya | yasyôdayâstasamayêsuramakutanispri-

2. shta-carana-kamalô s pi | kurutê s jalim Trinetrah sa jayati
dhâmnâ nidhi

3. Sûryah | Samvat 1117 (A.D. 1057) Mâgha Sudi 6 Ravâu Srî Srîmâle
Paramâravams

4. dbhavo Mahârâjâdhîrâjâ Srî Krishnarâjah Srî Dhamdhukasutah Srîmad
Dêvarâ-

5. -ja-pauttrah tasmin kshitîsê vijayini |
vartamâna-varsha-vârika-Dharkuta-

6. jâti-Kirinâdityô Jêla-sutô Dêda-Harir Mâdhava-sutô Dhamdha-nâkô Dha-

7. ranacanda-sutas tathâ Thâkhâta-jâti Dharanâdityah Sarvadêva-sutah
| amî-

8. bhiscaturbhis tathâ Vânyêna Dharkuta-jâtyâ Dhamdhakêna Jêlasutêna
nija-ku-

9. -la-mandanêna dêva-guru-vrâhmana-susrûshâ-parêna
Ravi-carana-yuga-dhyânâ-

10. -vishtena samsârasyânityatâm(n)irîkshya râjâno râjaputrâmsca
vrâhmanân (ma-)

11. -hâjana-paurâmsca tathâ lokân Saura-dharmê pravarttâyya dravyâni
me ... (ni)

12. -tya-tejo-nidheh Srî Jagatsvâmi-dêvasya deva-bhavana-jîrnoddhâ ...

13. (kâ)râpitam bhavanasyopari svarnna-kalasam vrâhmanena
para-(ma-dhâ-)

14. -rmmikena Jêjâkêna nija-dravyena kâritam iti || Sam 1

15. Jyeshtha Su di 8 somê râtrâu ghatikâ 3 pala 25 asmin la-

16. (g)nê sarvakarma nishpâdya kalasam dhvajam ca dayapitam iti ||

17. (Ta)thâ purâtanavrittêna pari devasyâsya Râjñâ Srî Krishnarâjêna
Srî-

18. ... (pu-)rîya-mandalê grâmam prativao drâ. 20 Sacaliyâ-grâmê
kshêtram êkam

19. ...... trâyâ râjabhôgât tu drôna ...... sati kâ ..

20. ... || Râmasî Pômarapi kâ ...... prativao drâ. 1 ......

21. .... vijñapya camdanena kârâpitam iti || Tathâ âlav ....

22. ... ya pra da ... likhitam kada ..........

23. ............. kâya .....

Translation.

1-3. Om! Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva), even though (his own) lotus feet are touched by the diadems of the gods, folds his hands (in adoration).

3-5. On Sunday the 6th of the light half of Mâgha, the year 1113, at holy Srîmâla the Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Krishnarâja son of Srî Dhamdhuka and grandson of the glorious Devarâja, of the Paramâra race--in his victorious reign.

6-7. Kirinâditya, Jêla's son, of the Dharkuta family, (being office-holder) in his turn for the current year, Dada Hari son of Mâdhava, Dhamdhanaka son of Dharanacanda and Dharanâditya son of Sarvadeva of the Thâkhâta race.

8-12. By these four and by the Vânî (?) Dhamdhaka son of Jêla of the Dharkuta race, the ornament of his family, strict in obedience to the gods, to his teachers and to Brâhmanas, and full of devotion to the feet of Ravi (the Sun), observing the perishableness of this world, and urging kings Kshatriyas Brâhmanas merchants and townsfolk to worship the sun, repairs were done to the temple of the god Srî Jagatsvâmi, the everlasting store of light.

13. The kalasa of gold above the temple the very righteous Brâhmana Jêjâka had made at his own charges. In the year 1....

15. on Monday the 8th of the light half of Jyêshtha, in the 25th pala of the 3rd ghatikâ of night--at this moment

16. all the work being finished the kalasa and banner were set up (?)

17. and after the ancient manner by the king Srî Krishnarâja .... of this complaint ....

18. a village in the Srî .... purîya district, yearly 20 drammas. In Sacaliyâ village a field

19. .... But from the king's share (of the crop) a drôna ....

20. ............... yearly 1 dramma .......

21. .... by order was caused to be made by Camdana || and ...

22. ......... written ..........

23. ...... kâya.

V.--(S. 1123; A.D. 1066. No. 3 of Plan.) On the north face of the upper square section of the more northerly of the two pillars that support the eastern side of the dome of the temple of Jagsvâmi. Entirely in prose:

1. Om. Samvat 1123, Jyêshtha Vadi 12 Sanâu || adyêha Srî Srîmâlê
Mahârâjâdhirâja-Srî Krishnarà-

2. ja-râjyê Dêvasrîcandîsa-Mahâdêva-dharmâdhikâra-cêtakaparama
Pâsupatâcârya-Srî Jâvalasyê ... | Sauva-

3. -rnika Jasanâsâ | Srêshthi Camdanâ Kiranâdityâ Sîharâ
varttamâna-varsha-vârika-Joga-candra .....

4. Gugâ navâi .... lôkê ca êka .. matîbhûtvâ ........... .......... Srîmâlîya Vrâ-

5. hmana Vâhatêna ......... Srî Camdîsa ............ ...... drammâ ....

6-13. Badly damaged: only a few letters legible here and there.

Translation.

1-2. Ôm! On Saturday the 12th of the dark half of Jyêshtha Samvat 1123--on this day at holy Srîmâla, in the reign of the Mahârâjâdhirâja Srí Krishnarâja--of Srî Jâvala, the servant of the offices of religion to the god Srî Camdîsa Mahâdêva, the supreme teacher of the Pâsupatas ...

3. The goldsmith Jasanâsâ, the seth Camdanâ, Kiranâditya, Sîharâ, Jogacamdra the office-holder in turn for the current year

4-5. Gugâ ... and in the world ... being of one mind ... ... by Vâhata the Srîmâlî Brâhmana ... Srî Camdîsa ... drammas ...

VI.--(S. 1239; A.D. 1183. No. 4 of Plan.) On the upper face of the eightsided section of the fallen pillar on the south side of the dome of the temple of Jagsvâmi. Entirely in prose:

1. Sam. 1239 Âsvina Vadi 10 Vudhê
2. Adyêha Srî Srîmâle Mahârâja-
3. -putra Srî Jayatasîha-dêva-râjyê ||
4. Guhilo Pramahidâsuta-trao arava-
5. sâka Vahiyana Vâlâka-dêvâya
6. drava dra. 1 tathâ bhâryâ Mâlhanadê-
7. dî krita dra. 1 yê kêpi pa ati bhava
8. mti teshâm pratidrao vi 1 labhyâ yahko(s)
9. pi catra-pâlô bhavati tena varshân(u-)
10. -varsha(m) dinê dêvâya dâtavyam ||

Translation.

1. In the year 1239 (1183 A.D.) on Wednesday the tenth of the dark half of Âsvina

2-3. On this day here in holy Srîmâla in the reign of his majesty Srî Jayatasîha the Mahâraul.

4-6. Aravasâka Vahiyana the Guhila, the Trao, [1136] son of Pramahidâ (gave) to Vâlâka-dêva one dramma in cash.

6-7. And (his) wife Mâlhana-dêdî (dêvî) (gave) one dramma. Whosoever are , by them for each dramma one vi is to be received. Whosoever

9. is the ruler by him every

10. year on the day it is to be given to the god.

VII.--(S. 1262; A.D. 1206. No. 5 of Plan.) On the upper face of the lower square section of the fallen pillar which is one of the pair of three dome pillars. Prose:

1. o || Om. Namah Suryâyah || Yasyodayâstasamayê sura-makuta-nispri-

2. shta-carana-kamalopi kurutê mjali(m) trinêtra(h) sajayati dhâmnâm
niddhi(h) sûryah ||

3. Samvat 1262 varshê adyêha Srî Srîmâle Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Uda-

4. -yasîmha-dêva-kalyâna-vijaya-râjyê mahao
Âsvapasî-prabhriti-pamca-kula-

5. pratipattâu || Kâyastha-jâtîya-Vâlamyânvayê mahao Yasôpâlasrêyô
rthamvê (cê?)-

6. -taka-Vîlhâkêna Srî Jayasvâmi-dêvîya-bhâmdâgârê kshêpita dra. 40
catvari(m).

7. Sat Âsvina mâsê yâtr(ôtsavê?) Âsvina sudi 13 ... 1 Âgni câyê.

8. Mâlâyâ, pushpamû dra. 4 aguru dra ...

9. -dra. 4 pramadâ kulasya dra. 1 êvam dra. 12 dvâdasa-drammâ
âcamdrârkam prativarsham dêvêna kârâpa

10. nîyâ || tathâ srêyârtham Madrakêna(?) dêva bhâmdâgârê kshipita
dra. 15 pamcadasa drammâ Mâgha-

11. -vadi 6 dinê balinibamdhê(?) gôdhûma sê 2 pâkâ ghrita palî 9
naivêdya 32 amga-

12. -bhôgô prativarshamâcamdrârkam yâvat dêvêna karanîyah ... dinê
Âhadasvâ-

13. -mi-suhâlam/ Bhadrasvâmi-suhâlam/ Acamdrârkavat âpanîya(m)
likhitam pâ° Bâmdhavada su(tê)-

14. -na Câmdapasâkêna hînâksharam adhikâksharam pramânam ||

Translation.

1-2. Om. Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva) folds his hands (in adoration), even though his lotus feet are touched by the diadems of the gods.

3-5. In the Samvat year 1262 (1206 A.D.), on this day here in holy Srîmâla, in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Udayasîmha in the term of office of the panch (consisting of) Âsvapasî &c.

5-7. For the (spiritual) benefit of Yasôpâla in the Vâlamya family of the Kâyastha caste, dra. 40, forty drammas were deposited by Vîlhâka the Vetaka (or Cêtaka) in the treasury of the god Srî Jayasvâmi.

7. At the yâtrâ festival in the month of Âsvina, on the 13th of the light half of Âsvina ... | , at the building of the fire-(altar).

8. ... for flowers for the garland dra. 4, aloewood dra....

9. 4 drammas, for the band of singing women one dramma: thus dra. 12, twelve drammas (in all) are to be applied yearly by the god so long as sun and moon endure.

10. So also the dra. 15, fifteen drammas deposited in the treasury of the god by Madraka(?) for (spiritual) benefit.

11-12. On the sixth of the dark half of Mâgha in the fixed ritual of the bali, wheat one ser, ... ghi nine palîs, the naivêdya ... 32, the angabhôga is to be performed yearly by the god so long as sun and moon endure.

12-13. On the ... day the suhâla of Âhadasvâmi and the suhâla of Bhadrasvâmi is to be given so long as sun and moon endure.

13-14. Written by the pâ° Camdapasâka son of Bâmdhavada. [1137] The letter less or the letter more ... of authority.

VIII.--(S. 1274; A.D. 1218. Not in Plan.) In Bârâji's rest-house on the west face of the third right hand pillar. Prose:

1. Samvat 1274 varshê Bhâdrapada sudi 9 Sukrê dyêha Srî-Srîmâ- 2. -lê Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Udaya-simha-dêva-kalyâna-vijaya-râjyê Sa°. 3. Dêpâlaprabhriti-pamcakula pratipattâu.... 4. ..... Srî Udayasîha ...... Srîdêva Jagasvâmi-naivêdyê .. 5. ..... dina .. nityadêya lô 2 dvân. 6. } 7. } Illegible. 8. }

Translation.

1. In the Samvat year 1274 (1218 A.D.) on Friday the 9th of the bright half of Bhâdrapada--on this day here in holy Srîmâla,

2. in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Udayasimha, in

3. the term of office of the panch (consisting of) Sa° Dêpâla and others .....

4. ... Srî Udayasîha ..... in the naivedya of Srîdêva Jagasvâmi....

5. ..... day ... to be given regularly 2 two lô° (?).

IX.--(S. 1305; A.D. 1249. Not in Plan.) On the south face of the fifth right pillar on the right hand of Bârâji's rest-house. Prose:

1. Ôm Namah Sûryâyah || yasyodayâstasa- 2. -mayê Sura-makuta-nisprishta-carana- 3. -kamalo pi kurutê mjalim Trinetra sa 4. jayati dhâmnâ(m) nidhi(h) Suryah || Sam. 1305 va- 5. -rshê adyêha Srî Srîmâlê Mahârâjâdhirâjasrî (Uda-) 6. -ya-siha-dêva-kalyâna-vijaya-râjyê maha° Gaja(si-) 7. -ha-prabhriti pamca(kula-pratipattâu) ..... nadêvî ... 8. vâha ... Srî Jagasvâmidêvîyabhândâgâre kshêpita dra. 50 pamcâ (saddrammâ â-) 9. -Svina-yâtrâyâm Âsvina sudi (4) dinê divasa-bali .. 10. ................................ (gô-) 11. -dhûma sê 2 .. ghrita ka 8 ........... muga pâ 2 ghrita ka 2. 12. } 13. } 14. } Illegible. 15. }

Translation.

1-4. Ôm. Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva) folds his hands (in adoration), even though his feet are touched by the diadems of the gods.

4-7. In the year Sam. 1305 (1249 A.D.), on this day here in holy Srîmâla in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Mahârâjâdhirâja Srî Udayasiha, in the term of office of the panch (consisting of) Maha° Gajasiha and others ...... nadêvî.

8. Vâha ... dra. 50 fifty drammas deposited in the treasury of the god Srî Jagasvâmi.

9. At the Âsvina festival on the 4th day of the light half of Âsvina the day's bali.

10. ..........

11. Wheat sers 2 .. ghî karshas (8) ..... mung pâ 2, ghî karshas 2.

12-15. Illegible.

X.--(S. 1320; A.D. 1264. No. 6 of Plan.) On the east face of the lower square section of the more northerly of the east pair of dome pillars of Jagsvâmi's temple. First thirteen lines in verse, the rest in prose. No. 49 of the Bhâunagar State Collection (Bhâu. Prâ. I.)

1. Ôm namo Vighnarâjâya namo devâya bhâsvate | namo nanta-sva-

2. rûpâya Harayê Cakrapânayê || namah SivâyaSomâya namah para-

3. ma-Vrahmanê | Iti pamcanamaskârâh sarvapâpapranâ-sakâh || sarva-mam-

4. gala-mamgalyâh sarva-saukhya-pradâyakâh | sarvârtha-siddhi-sampannâh
sam-

5. -tu mê hridi sarvadâ || Iti jantur japan nityam nityam âsrayatê
sukham | ta-

6. -smâd asmin japê punyê ratir astu sadaiva mê || Iti
dhyânaikanishthâtmâ-

7. Kâyastho naigamânvayê | Rishir âsît purâ Sadhunamdano namdanah
satâin ||

8. Srikrishna-Krishna-Govinda-pranidhâna-parâyanah | Pautras tasyâjani
Srîmâ-

9. -n Sadhdhalo Valanâmgajah || Sadaiva
datta-mishtânna-toshitâneka-vâdavah |

10. Ahâra-prasaro yasya pânih padmâlayâlayah || paropakâra-vratinâm
vaishna

11. vadharmasêvinâm || yêna janmâtmanascakrê sâdhuvâda-vibhûshitam ||
tatah parama-

12. -dharmmâtmâ sadâ visadamânasah || dêvîdatta-varah Srîmân Subhato
bhût tadamgabhûh |

13. Câgneyas tasya Kêdâra-pukah Kânhado bhavat | Mahâdêvasuto yasya
bhrârau Râ-

14. -ma. Âsalô || Têna Srîkêdâraputraka Kânhadêna svasrêyasê Sam
1320 va-

15. -rshê Mâgha Su di 9 navamîdinê prativarasham balinimittam Srî
Jayasvâmi-dê-

16. vîya-bhândâgârê kshêpita dra. 50 pamcâsan drammâh || bali-nibamdhê
godhûma sê 1 1/2

17. ghrita ka 6 naivêdyê mâ 1/2 muga mâ 3/4 ghrita ka 1/2 Âbôtî dra
1/4 + 2

18. Vyâsa lô 2 pushpakumkumâguru-mûlyê dra. 2 patra-pûga-mû dra |
pramadâkula

19. dra. 1 Êvam prativarsham dêvakîyabhândâgârât shad drammâ vyayê
dêvêna kârâ

20. pyam || Iyam prasastir Maha° Subhatêna bhanitâ |
Dhruva-Nâgvala-suta-Dêdâ-

21. -kêna likhitâ || sûtra° Gôgâ Suta-Bhîmasîhênôtkîrnâ || ka || ka ||

Translation.

1. "Om. Reverence to the lord of obstacles (Ganesa), reverence to the brilliant god (the Sun), reverence to him of everlasting nature,

2. To Hari, wielder of the discus. Reverence to Siva (and) to Sôma, reverence

3-5. to the highest Brahma. May these five reverences which destroy all sin, the most auspicious of all auspicious (sayings), which grant all happiness, attended with the accomplishment of all objects, be ever in my heart."

5-6. The creature that constantly murmurs (these words) resorts to everlasting happiness. Therefore may I for ever take pleasure in this holy murmur.

6-7. There was formerly in the Naigama family a Kâyastha, Rishi son of Sadhu, the delight of the good, whose mind was solely intent upon (the above) meditation.

7-9. (He was) devoted to meditation on (the names) Srí Krishna, Krishna, and Govinda. To him was born a grandson, the glorious Sadhdhala son of Valana, who constantly satisfied numerous Brâhmanas with gifts of sweet food,

10. whose hand was not stretched out to steal, who was the home of Lakshmî for the followers of the Vaishnava religion, who are vowed to doing good to others,

11-12. who adorned his life with the discussions of saints. From him there was the glorious Subhata, the very righteous, whose mind was ever clear, and to whom Dêvî granted a boon. Born of his body

13-14. was Câgneya. His (grandson) was Kânhâda son of Kêdâra or Mahâdêva and his (Kânhada's) two brothers were Râma and Âsala.

14-16. By this Kânhada, son of Kêdâra for his own benefit, fifty drammas dra. 50, were deposited in the treasury of Srî Jayasvâmidêva for a yearly bali, on the ninth (9) of the light half of Mâgha, in the Samvat year 1320 (1264 A.D.)

16-18. In the Bali endowment wheat 1 1/2 seers, ghî 6 karshas, in the naivêdya 1 measure, mung 3/4 measure, ghî 1/2 karsha, Âbôti (?) 1/4 dramma + 2, Bhata lô (?), for the price of flowers turmeric and aloe wood one dramma, for the price of leaves and betelnut one dramma, for the band of singing women one dramma.

19. So let six drammas be expended every year by the god from his treasury.

20-21. This prasasti was spoken (composed) by the Maha-(ttara ?) Subhata. It was written by Dêdâka, son of Nâgvala the Dhruva. It is engraved by the carpenter Bhîmasêna son of Gôgâ.

XI.--(S. 1330; A.D. 1264. No. 7 of Plan.) On the south face of the lower square section of the western side of the north pair of dome pillars. First 11 1/2 lines and lines 21 22 and half of 23 in verse, the rest in prose. No. 47 of the Bhâunagar State Collection. (Bhâu. Prâ. I. list page 14):

1. Namah Srî Vighnarâjâya namo dêvâya bhâsvatê namo ...

2. Paramâna(m) dadâyinê cakrapânayê | Kâyastha-vámsa prasavah purâsît.

3. Srî Sâdha-nâmâ purushah purânah | Rishi ....

4. } 5. } Damaged and illegible. 6. }

7. ....... dharmârtha ... vigâha-

8. -mânô ânamdakârah ....... janishta sû

9. nuh Subhata ............ saubhâgya-sampal-lalitâ- 10. -bhidhânâ |
trivarga-sâram tanaya-svarûpam ........ sajjanâgryam Râjâdhi.

11. Râjôdaya-siha-deva-nihsreyasê Srî Subhatêna têna | dêvasya kosê....

12. ..... mkshêpitam ..... || Tênaiva Maha° Subhatêna-sva srê-

13. -yasê Samvat 1330 varshê Âsvina su di 4 caturthîdinê divasa bali-

14. -pûjâ-prêkshanîyakârtha(m) dêva Srî Jayasvâmi-bhândâgârê
dra. 50 pam-

15. -câsan drammâ nikshêpitâh || Tathâ Srîkaranê Maha°
Gajasîhaprabhriti-

16. -pamcakulam upârâdhayita(-yati) | Balidinê varshanibamdhê kârâpita
dra. 4 catu-

17. -ro drammâh prativarsham svîya pastalâ bhâvya ... pamcakulêna
dâtâvyâh

18. Vali-nivamdhê gôdhûma sê 2 ghrita ka 8 muga mâ | côshâm mâ 1/2
ghrita ka 1/2 vyâ-

19. -sa-nirvâpa I Abôtî nirvâpa I Kumkumâguru dra. 2 pushpa dra. 2
patrapûga dra. 2.

20. Pramadâkula dra. 2 êvam êtat prativarsham âcamdrârkkam dêvêna
kârâpyam ||

21. Srîsatya-ratna-pura-lâta-hradâdhikârî, Srîmâladesavahikâdhikri |

22. -to dhurînah | vyâsêna candaharinâ vidushâm varêna yo dhyâpitah
sa vi-

23. -dadhê Subhatah prasastim || Dhru° Dêdâkêna likhitâ sûtra°
Gôshasîhê-

24. -na utkirnâ || la ||

Translation.

1-2. Reverence to the Lord of Obstacles (Ganesa). Reverence to the shining god. Reverence ... to (Vishnu) the holder of the discus who bestows supreme happiness.

2-3. There was formerly an ancient man named Srî Sâdha born of the Kâyastha race. Rishi ......

4-6. Illegible.

7-9. .... for righteousness .... entering ..... giving pleasure .... there was born a son Subhata--

9-10. ... (a wife) Lalitâ by name, rich in excellence ... the summing-up of the three objects of human effort (religious merit, wealth, and pleasure) in the form of a son ... the chief of the virtuous--

11. By that Srî Subhata for the spiritual benefit of the king of kings his majesty Udayasîha in the treasury of the god ... deposited ......

12-15. By that same Maha° Subhata for his own (spiritual) benefit in the Samvat year 1330 (1274 A.D.) on the fourth day of the bright half of Âsvina, for the day's bali, worship and darsana dra. 50, fifty drammas were deposited in the treasury of the god Srî Jayasvâmi.

15-17. And he serves (propitiates ?) the pamca consisting of Maha° Gajasîha and the rest at Srî Karana. On the bali day the four (4) drammas given for the bali endowment are to be paid every year by the pamca from their own....

18-20. In the bali endowment wheat sê 2, ghî ka(rshas) 8, mung one measure, côsha 1/2 measure, ghî ka(rsha) 1/2, the Bhat's dole 1, the Abôtî's dole 1, turmeric and aloewood dra. 2, flowers dra. 2, leaves and betelnut dra. 2, the band of singing women dra. 2: so is this to be given yearly by the god so long as sun and moon endure.

21-23. Subhata, the officer of Srî Satyapura Ratnapura and Lâta-hrada, the chief set over the vahikas of the Srîmâla country, who was taught by Canda Hari the purânic, best of the learned, composed the prasasti.

24. Written by Dêdâka the Dhruva and engraved by Gôshasîha the carpenter.

XII--(S. 1333; A.D. 1277. Not in Plan.) On the north bank of Jaikop lake on a fallen pillar to the west of Ghazni Khán's tomb. Lines 1-4 and half of line 5 and lines 18-22 (and perhaps 23 and 24) in verse, the rest in prose. No. 52 of the Bhâunagar State Collection (Bhâu. Prâ. I. list pages 15-16):

1. Yah purâtra mahâsthânê Srîmâlê susamâgatah | sa deva(h) Srî

2. Mahâvîra ........ bhayatrâtâ (?) prajñâ

3. Yam saranam gatáh | tasya Vîrajinêmdrasya prajârtham sasanam navam
|| 2 Pâ-

4. -râpaddha-mahâgacchê punya-punya-svabhâvinâ( ?) Srî
pûrnacamdra-sûri-

5. nâ prasâdâl likhyatê yathâ || svasti Samvat 1333 varshê || Âsvi-

6. -na su di 14 Sômê | adyêha Srî Srîmâlê Mahârâjakula Srî Ca (?)

7. -ciga-dêva-kalyâna-vijayi-râjyê tanniyukta-maha° Gajasîha-

8. -prabhriti-pamcakula-pratipattâu Srî Srimâla-dêsa-vahikâdhikritêna

9. Naigamânvaya-kâyastha-mahattama-Subhatêna tathâ(ve?) cêtaka
Karmasîhê-

10. -na svaârêyasê Âsvinamâsîya-yâtrâ-mahôtsavê Âsvina Su di 14 ca-

11. -turdasî-dinê Srî Mahâvîradêvâya prativarsham
pamcôpacâra-pûjânimi-

12. -ttam Srîkaranîyapamcakulam
sêlahatha-dâsî-narapâla-varakti-pûrvasambô-

13. -dhya-talapa-dêhala-sahadî-pada-ma ... hala-sahadî

14. da 5 saptavisôpakôpê pamcadrammâ samâ sêlahathâbhâvyê âtha

15. drâ°. ma dra. 8 ashtâu dramma: || ubhayam saptavisôpakôpêna
trayôdasa dra-

16. -mmâ âcamdrârkkam dêvadâyê kârâpitâh || varttamâna-pamca-kulêna va-

17. -rttamâna-sêlahathêna dêvadâyê kritam idam svasrêyasê pâlanîyam ||

18. Yasmân pamcakulô sarvô mantavyam iti sarvadâ | tasya tasya
tadâ srêyo

19. Yasya yasya yadâ padam || || Srîsatya-ratna-pura-Lâta-hradâdhikârî
Srî-

20. -mâla-dêsa-vahikâdhikrito dhurînah | vyâsêna Candaharinâ
vidushâm va-

21. -rêna yodhyâpitah sa vidadhê Subhatah prasastim || tha || Iyam
Gôgânujâtê- 22. (-na) sûtradhârêna dhîmatâ | utkirnâ Bhîmasîhêna
sâsanâkshara-mâlikâ |

23. .. sanam idam mathapatimahendragoshtika Âcamdrapratipattâu ||
tha ||

24. .. vasasamaya ..... (li) khitam têna dhîmatâ | yo vâcayati punyâ-

25. ... sata ........ tî || tha || ma(m)gala-sadâsrîh || sivamastu
samp.

Translation.

1. The god Srî Mahâvîra who formerly came in(to) this great town Srîmâla ..... in whom the wise protected from fear take refuge--a new ordinance is written as follows for the people's sake through the favour of that Vîra, chief of the Jinas by Srî Pûrnacandra Sûri, whose nature is most holy.

5-9. Good luck! In the Samvat year 1333 (1277 A.D.), on Monday the 14th of the light half of Âsvina--on this day here in holy Srîmâla in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty Srî Câciga the Mahâraul, in the term of office of the panch (consisting of) Mahao Gajasîha and others, appointed by him.

9-11. By Subhata the leading Kâyastha, of the Naigama family, the officer in authority over the Vahikas of the Srîmâla country, and by Karmasîha the Cêtaka (servant) (or vêtaka), for their own (spiritual) benefit, at the great festival of the jatrâ of the month of Âsvina on the fourteenth day 14 of the light half of Âsvina, for the worship (consisting of) the five services yearly to the god Srî Mahâvîra.

12-15. [These four lines seem to be made up chiefly of Prâkrit words which I am unable to translate. They specify two sums, one of 5 and the other of 8 drammas.]

15-17. Both, with the twenty-seventh upakopa (?), the 13 drammas have been given in religious endowment. This which has been made as a religious endowment is to be maintained by the pamca and by the Sêlahatha (?) officiating (from time to time) for their own (spiritual) benefit.

18-19. Because every pamca is always to be honoured, the benefit (of maintaining the endowment) belongs to whomsoever at any time (holds) the office.

19-22. Subhata, the officer of Srîsatyapura Ratnapura and Lâtahrada, the chief set over the vahikas of the Srîmâla country, who was taught by Candahari the purânik, the best of the learned, composed the prasasti. The series of letters of this grant was engraved by the wise carpenter Bhîmasîha the son of Gôga.

23-25. This grant was written by that wise one ... at the time ..... in the term of office of the Abbot Mahêndra and the committeeman Âcamdra (?) .. who causes to speak .. .... Good luck! Bliss for ever! May it be auspicious ... Finis.

XIII.--(S. 1334; A.D. 1278. No. 8 in Plan.) On the north face of the lower square section of the eastern of the north pair of dome pillars. All in prose:

1. Om namah Sûryâyah || yasyôdayâstasamayê
suramukuta-nisprîshta-carana-

2. kamalo pi kurutê mjalim trinêtra
sajayati dhâmnâ(m) nidhi(h) sûryah || | Samvat 1334.

3. Varshê Âsvina va di 8 adyêha Srî Srîmâlê
Mahârâjakula-Srî-Câciga-Kalyâna-vija-

4. -ya-râjyê tanníyukta-mahao
... (si)ha-prabhriti-pamcakula-pratipattâu | êvam kâlê pravarttamânê

5. Câhumânânvayê Mahârâja(ku)la Srî Samarasihâtmaja-Mahârâjâdhirâja-Srî
Udaya ||

6. Sihadêvâmgaja-Srî Vâhadhasiha ......... Sri
Câmunda-râja-deva-srêyasê mahao

7. Dêdâkêna ...... Srî Jagasvâmidêvîya bhândâgâre ... bali .......

8. ... dra. 100 satam drammâ nikshêpitâ Âsvina-yâtrâyâ(m) Âsvina vadi
8 ashtamî-dinê divasa-bali ta-

9. -thâ amgabhôga ... prêkshanika ..... Srîdêvîya-bhâmdâgârât
kârâpanîya | bali-nibamdhê

10. gôdhûma sê 3 ghrita ka 1 (naivêdyê) ..... côshâ(m) mâ 2, muga sê
1/4, ghrita ka 1/2 vyâsanirvâpa 1 Âbôtî.

11. -nirvâpa 1 kumkumâguru-mûly(ê) dra. 2 tathâ pushphamûlyê dra. 2
(?) tathâ patrapûga-mûlyê dra. 2 pramadâkulê mûlyê dra. 2 ê-

12. -vam êtat Vyâsa-Âbôtika-srêshti-goshtika- ... kula-pramadâkula
prabhritinâm varsham varsham prati â-

13. camdrârka-yâvat tathâ ...... îtî kârâpanîya srî-dêvêna kârâpanîya |
pari kênâpi na karanî-

14. -yâ | likhitam dhruo Nâgula-suta-Dêdâkêna ...... hînâksharam
adhikâksharam vâ sarvam pramâna-

15. -miti || mamgalam sadâ srîh || (sûtradhâréna ?) Nânâ-suta Dêpâla
Sam 33 varshê Caitra va di 15 ...... saha.

16. Manasihêna (?) ..... ||

Translation.

1-2. Ôm. Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva), even though (his own) lotus feet are touched by the diadems of the gods, folds his hands (in adoration).

3-4. In the Samvat year 1334 (1278 A.D.) on the 8th of the dark half of Âsvina--on this day here in holy Srîmâla in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Mahâraul Srî Câciga, in the term of office of the pamca (consisting of) the Mahao .... Sîha and the rest, appointed by him--at this time

5-6. for the (spiritual) benefit of his majesty Srî Câmunda-râja .... (son of) Srî-Vâhadhasiha the son of his majesty Srî Udayasiha the Mahârâjâdhirâja, (who was) the son of his majesty the Mahâraul Srî Samarasiha in the Câhumâna race

7. By the Mahao Dêdâka .... in the treasury of the god Srî Jagasvâmi .... bali ...

8. dra. 100, one hundred drammas, were deposited. At the Âsvina yâtrâ the day's bali on the eighth 8 of the dark half of Âsvina

9. and the amgabhoga .. darsana, .. to be expended from the treasury of the god. In the endowment of the bali

10-11. Wheat sê. 3: ghi ka(rshas) 1: in the naivêdya .. Côsha measures 2, munga sê. 3/4, ghi ka(rsha) 1/2, the Bhat's dole 1, the Âbôtî's dole 1, for buying turmeric and aloe wood dra. 2, and for buying flowers dra. 2 (?), and for buying leaves and betel dra. 2, for the band of singing women dra. 2.

12-13. Thus this for the Bhat's, Âbôtîs, Committeemen, ..., band of singing women &c. every year so long as sun and moon (endure) is so .... to be expended, is to be expended by the god. Interruption (?) is to be made by no one.

14. Written by Dêdâka son of Nâgula the dhruva .... the letter less or the letter more--all is of (no?) authority.

15. Good luck! Bliss for ever. By the carpenter Dêpâla son of Nânâ, on the 15th of the dark half of Çaitra in the year 33 ...

16. By Manasiha (?) ....

XIV.--(S. 1339; A.D. 1283. Not on Plan.) In Báráji's rest-house on the south face of the first right pillar. Prose. No. 51 of the Bhâunagar State Collection (Bhâu. Prâ. I. list page 5):

1. Ôm namah Sûryâyah || yasyôdayâstasamayê
sura-mukuta-nisprishta-carana-

2. -kamalô pi | kurutê mjalim trinètra sa jayati dhâmnâm nidhih
sûryah || samva

3. t. 1339 varshê Âsvina Su di | sanâv adyêha Srî Srîmâlê Mahârâja
kula-Srîsâmva-

4. -tasîha-dêva-kalyâna-vîjaya-râjyê tanniyukta-mahâ° sîha
prabhriti-pamcakula-

5. pratipattau Srî Jâvâlipurât atrâyâta-Guhilò -Ru-

6. -drapâla-suta-sâha° Sahajapâlêna âtmasrêyasê pitrimâtrisrêyasê
bali-pujâ-

7. amga bhôga pratyam(gam) Srî Jayasvâmi-dêvâya Sûryadêvâya bhâmdâgârê
(k)shêpita dra. 20 vim

8. sati drammâ || Svîya-Jâyakâsarahi Rudrâmârga-samîpe Kathara-pânâ-

9. âbhidhâna-kshêtra | êka pradattah | dêvâya dinê pûjâ nimi(t)
am Sâha° Saha-

10. -ja-pâla-bhâryâ âtma-srêyasê mâtâ-pitrôsrêyasê bhamdâgâre
(k)shêpita-

11. dra. 10 dasa-drammâ .......................... drammâ Asvi-

12. -na-yâtràyâm Âsvina-su-di | dinê divasa-bali-pujâ bhâmdâgârât
Srîdêvê-

13. -na kâràpanîyâ | vali-nivamdhê gôdhuma sê 2 ghrita ka 8 naivêdyê
côshâ(m) pâ 2 mu-

14. -ga ghrita ka 1/2 amgabhôgê patra-puga

15. pratyam(gam) dra. | Vyâsanirvâpa ....... pôtî-nirvâpa |
pramadâ-kula dra. 2 êtat samrva Srîdêvîya......... 16. kosa dra
.............. pramadâkulêna ........... âcamdrâ-kâlam yâva

17. -t. ......... nirvâpanîyam || karâpanîyam. .......... nâgula-sutêna
maha° Dê-

18. -dâkêna .............. | Guhilô Sâha° Rudrapâla-suta-sôdha°
Harisîhê na (Srîdê-)

19. -vîya-sthitaka dra. 4 Sahajapâla-suta-sâ sthita-

20. -ka dra 4. ...................

21-23. Illegible.

Translation.

1-2. Ôm. Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva), even though (his own) lotus feet are touched by the diadems of the gods, folds his hands (in adoration).

3-5. On Saturday the first of the light half of Âsvina in the year 1339 (1283 A.D.) on this day here in holy Srîmâla, in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Mahâraul Srî Sâmvatasîha, in the term of office of the pamca (consisting of) the maha° ........ sîha and the rest, appointed by him.

5-8. Dra. 20, twenty drammas, were deposited in the treasury for the sun-god Srî Jagasvâmi by Sâha° Sahajapâla son of Rudrapâla the Guhila, who came here from Srî Jâvâlipura, for every part of the bali, the worship, and the amgabhoga, for his own (spiritual) benefit and for the benefit of his father and mother.

8-9. ........ near the Rudrâ road 1 one field was given called Kathara-pânâ

9-11. To the god on ......... day for worship, the wife of Sâha° Sahajapâla for her own benefit and for the benefit of her father and mother. .......... deposited dra. 10, ten drammas. ..............

11-12. Drammas in the Âsvina Yâtrâ on the first day of the light half of Âsvina are to be expended by the god from the treasury (for) the day's bali, worship. ...........

13-17. In the bali endowment wheat sê 2. .... ghi ka(rshas) 8: in the nâivêdya côsha pâ 2 mung ..... ghi ka(rsha) 1/2: in the amgabhôga for every part of the leaves and betel dra. 1, the Bhat's dole ........., (the Âb)ôtî's dole 1, the band of singing women dra. 2; all this the god's treasury dra. .............. by the band of singing women ................. so long as sun and moon endure ................. is to be doled out, is to be expended.

17-20. By the Maha° Dêdâka son of Nâgula .............. By Sôdha° Harisîha son of Sâha° Rudrapâla the Guhila, four sthitaka drammas of the god ............. By Sâ ................ son of Sahajapâla ......... sthitaka drammas 4. ..........................

21-23. Illegible.

XV.--(S. 1342; A.D. 1286. Not in Plan.) In the ground close to the wall on the right in entering the enclosure of old Mahâlakshmí's temple. Prose. No. 50 of the Bhâunagar State Collection (Bhâu. Prâ. I. page 15.)

1. Ôm. Namah Sûryâyah || Yasyôdayâstasamayê sura-ma-

2. -kuta-nisprishta-carana kamalô pi kurutê mjalim trinêtra saja-

3. -yati dhâmnâm nidhih sûryah || Samvat 1342 (1286 A.D.) Âsvina vadi
10 Ra-

4. -vâvadyêha Srî Srîmâlê Mahârâjakula Srî Sâmvatasîha dê-

5. -va-kalyâna-vijaya-râjyê tanniyukta-maha° Pândyâ-prabhriti-pamca-

6. -kula pratipattâu | Sâsanâksharâni praya(c)chati yathâ | Râthôda-

7. -jâtîya-Ûtisvatîha-pâutra Vâgasasuta Sîla° Alhanasîhê-

8. -na âtmîya-mâtâ-pitrô srêyasê svasrêyasê Srî Jagasvâmi-dê-

9. -vâya Âsvinê yâtrâyâm dasamîdinê divasa-bali-pûja prê-

10. -kshanîkâdi amga-bhôga-nimi(t)tam sêlahathâbhâvya-

11. -t Srî kârâpita âcamdrârkayâvat pradatta dra. 4 1/2.

12. Srîdêvîya-kôtadî.

13. Âcamdrârkam yah kôpi Sêlahathô bhavati têna varsham varsham
prati pâ-

14. -lanîyam ca | vahubhir vasudhâ bhuktâ râjabhi Sagarâdibhi yasya

15. yasya yadâ bhûmî tasya tasya tadâ phalam || 1 Asvina vadi 10 va-

16. -li-nibamdhê gôdhûma sê ghrita ka 12 naivêdyê côsham pâ 4.

17. mugâm mâ 1 ghrita ka 1/2 Vyâsanirvâpa 1 Abôtînirvâpa 1 kumkuma

18. kastûrî-pratyam(gam) dra. 4 pushpa-pratyam(gam) dra. 4
pramadâkula-pratyam(gam) dra. 4 patra-pû-

19. ga-pratyam(gam) dra. 4 êtat sarvam varsham 2 prati Srîdêvîya
bhâmdâgârât

20. Varttâpakai kârâpanîyam || mamgalam sadâsrîh || likhitam Dhruva

21. Nâgula-suta-dhru° Dêdâkêna Utkîrnnâ sûtra° Bhîmasîhêna ||.

Translation.

1-3. Ôm. Reverence to the Sun! Victorious is that sun, the storehouse of brightness, at whose rising and setting the three-eyed (Siva), even though (his own) lotus feet are touched by the diadems of the gods, folds his hands (in adoration).

3-6. Samvat 1342 on Sunday the 10th of the dark half of Âsvina, on this day here in holy Srîmâla, in the prosperous and victorious reign of his majesty the Maharâul Srî Sâmvatasîha-dêva, in the term of office of the pamca (consisting of) Maha° Pândyâ and the rest, appointed by him, he sets forth the writing of the grant as follows.

6-11. By Sîla° Alhanasîha son of Vâgasa and grandson of Ûtisvâtîha of the Râthôda race, for the benefit of his own mother and father and for his own benefit, 4 1/2 drammas (were) given to the god Srî Jagasvâmi, for the day's bali, the worship, the darsana &c., and the amgabhôga on the 10th day at the Âsvina yâtrâ .... so long as sun and moon (endure). ...

12-14. The god's treasure house ..... whosoever is Sêlahatha, by him every year it is to be maintained also.

14-15. The earth has been enjoyed by many kings, beginning with Sagara. Whosesoever the earth is at any time, his is also the fruit thereof.