Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: A

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CONCORDANCE OF DATES OF THE ANCIENT ROMAN CALENDAR WITH THE JULIAN STYLE, FOR THE YEARS OF ROME 691-709.

_Bases on which the Tables of Concordance are Founded._

Before the Julian reform, the Roman year comprised 355 days, divided into twelve months, namely: Januarius, 29 days; Februarius, 28; Martius, 31; Aprilis, 29; Maius, 31; Junius, 29; Quintilis, 31; Sextilis, 29; September, 29; October, 31; November, 29; December, 29.

Every other year, an intercalation of 22 or 23 days alternately was to be added after the 23rd day of February.

The mean year being thus too long by one day, 24 days were to be subtracted in the last eight years of a period of 24 years. We shall not here have to take this correction into consideration.

The intercalation appears to have been regularly followed from A.U.C. 691 (that of Cicero’s consulship) until 702, when it was of 23 days. In the middle of the troubles, the intercalation was omitted in the years 704, 706, and 708.

Towards the end of the year 708, Cæsar remedied the disorder by placing extraordinarily between November and December 67 days, and by introducing a new mode of intercalation.

The year 708 is the last of the _confusion_.

The year 709 is the first of the Julian style.

_Historical Data which the Concordance must Satisfy._

Cicero relates that at the beginning of his consulship the planet Jupiter lighted the whole sky. (_De Divin._, I. 11.) Cicero entered on office on the Calends of January in the year of Rome 691; that is, on the 14th of December, 64 B.C. Jupiter had reached opposition eleven days before, on the 3rd of December.[931]

In the year 691, on the 5th of the Ides of November, Cicero, in his _Second Oration against Catiline_, 10, asks how the effeminate companions of Catiline will support the frosts of the Appenine, especially in these nights _already_ long (_his præsertim jam noctibus_).[932] We are, in fact, on the 15th of October, 63 B.C. Later, in his _Oration for Sextius_, speaking of the defeat of Catiline at the beginning of January, 692 (the middle of December, 63 B.C.), Cicero asserts that the result is due to Sextius, without whose activity the winter would have been allowed to intervene (_datus illo in bello esset hiemi locus_).

In the year 696 of Rome (58 B.C.), the Helvetii appoint their rendezvous at Geneva for a day fixed: “is dies erat a.d.v. Kal-Aprilis.” (Cæsar, _De Bello Gallico_, I. 6.) This date corresponds with the Julian 24th of March, the day on which the spring equinox fell. The Helvetii had taken this natural period; Cæsar has referred it to the Roman calendar.[933]

In the year 700 of Rome (54 B.C.), Cæsar, after his second campaign in Britain, re-embarks his troops “quod æquinoctium suberat.” (_De Bello Gallico_, V. 23.) He informs Cicero of it on the 6th of the Calends of October, the Julian 21st of September. (Cicero, _Epist. ad Atticum_, IV. 17.) The equinox fell on the 26th of September.[934]

In the year 702, on the 13th of the Calends of February (that is, on the 30th of December, 53 B.C.), Clodius is slain by Milo. (Cicero, _Orat. pro Milone_, 10.) Pompey is created consul for the third time on the 5th of the Calends of March, _in the intercalary month_. (Asconius.)

In the year 703, Cicero writes to Atticus (V. 13): “I have arrived at Ephesus on the 11th of the Calends of Sextilis (12th of July, 51 B.C.), 560 days after the battle of Bovillæ;” an exact computation, if we count the day of the murder of Clodius, and reckon 23 days for the intercalation of 702.[935]

In the year 704 the intercalation is omitted. Cæsar’s partisans demanded it in vain. (Dio Cassius, XL. 61, 62.)

In 705, Cicero, who hesitates in joining Pompey, writes to Atticus: “a.d. xvii Kal. Junii: Nunc quidem æquinoctium nos moratur, quod valde perturbatum erat.” It was the 16th of April; the equinox was passed 21 days before, and the atmospheric disturbances might still last. Or was it anything else than an excuse on the part of Cicero?

Cæsar embarks at Brundusium on the eve of the Nones of January, 706. (_De Bello Civili_, III. 6.) It is the 28th of November, 49 B.C. “Gravis autumnus in Apulio circumque Brundusium ... omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat.” (_De Bello Civili_, III. 2, 6.)--“Bibulus gravissima hieme in navibus excubabat.” (_De Bello Civili_, III. 8.)--“Jamque hiems appropinquabat.” (_De Bello Civili_, III. 9.)

After his arrival at Rome towards the end of the year 707, Cæsar started again for the African war. It was only on his return towards the middle of the year 708, that he could devote himself to the re-organisation of the Republic and the reform of the calendar. According to Dio Cassius (XLIII. 26), “as the days of the year did not concord well together, Cæsar introduced the present manner of reckoning, by intercalating 67 days necessary to restore the concordance. Some authors have pretended that he intercalated more; but this is the truth.”[936]

What concordance was it that required to be established thus? The 67 days _necessary_ were exactly what required to be added that, in the secular year of Rome 700, the Julian month of March should coincide with the ancient Roman month of March. The month of March of the year 700 of Rome is the true starting-point of the Julian style.

--+--------------------------------------------------------
D |
a |
y | JULIAN YEAR 64 BEFORE CHRIST.
s |
|--------------------------------------------------------
o | | | |
f | | | |
| | | |
t | | | |
h | SEPTEMBER. | OCTOBER. | NOVEMBER. | DECEMBER.
e | | | |
| | | |
J | | | |
u | | | |
l | YEAR OF ROME.
i | | | |
a | | | |
n | | | |
| | | |
M | | | |
o | | | |
n | | | |
t | 690 | 690 | 690 | 690-691
h | | | |
s | | | |
. | | | |
--+------------+--------------+-------------+-------------
1|XVI Kal.Oct.|XVII Kal. Nov.|XV Kal. Dec. |XIV Kal. Jan.
2|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII
3|XIV |XV |XIII |XII
4|XIII |XIV |XII |XI
5|XII |XIII |XI |X
| | | |
6|XI |XII |X |IX
7|X |XI |IX |VIII
8|IX |X |VIII |VII
9|VIII |IX |VII |VI
10|VII |VIII |VI |V
| | | |
11|VI |VII |V |IV
12|V |VI |IV |III
13|IV |V |III |Pridie
14|III |IV |Pridie |-------------
| | |-------------| KAL. JAN.
15|Pridie |III | KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas
|------------| | |
16| KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III
| |--------------| |
17|VI Nonas | KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie
18|V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ
19|IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus
20|III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII
| | | |
21|Pridie |Nonæ |VII |VI
22|Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V
23|VIII Idus |VII |V |IV
24|VII |VI |IV |III
25|VI |V |III |Pridie
| | | |
26|V |IV |Pridie |Idus
27|IV |III | Idus |XVII Kal.Feb.
28|III |Pridie |XVII Kal.Jan.|XVI
29|Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV
30| Idus |XVII Kal. Dec.|XV |XIV
| | | |
31| |XVI | |XIII

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D|
a|
y|
s| JULIAN YEAR 63 BEFORE CHRIST.
|
o|
f|
|
t|----------------------------------------------------------------------
h| | | | | |
e| | | | | |
| JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
J| | | | | |
u| | | | | |
l| | | | | |
i| | | | | |
a| | | | | |
n| YEAR OF ROME.
| | | | | |
M| | | | | |
o| | | | | |
n| | | | | |
t| | | | | |
h| | | | | |
s| 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691
.| | | | | |
--+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------
1|XII K. Feb.|IX K. Mar. |XII K.Apr. |X Kal. Maii|XI Kal. Ju.|IX K.Quin.
2|XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII
3|X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII
4|IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI
5|VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V
| | | | | |
6|VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV
7|VI |III |VI |IV |V |III
8|V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie
| |-----------| | | |-----------
9|IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL QUIN.
| | | |-----------| |
10|III |VI Nonas |III |KAL.MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
| | | | |-----------|
11|Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas | |V
|-----------| |-----------| |KAL. JUN. |
12|KAL. FEB. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
13|IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III
14|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
15|Pridie | Nonæ |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ | Nonæ
| | | | | |
16| Nonæ |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus
17|VIII Idus |VII |VIII Idus |VTII Idus |VII |VII
18|VII |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI
19|VI |V |VI |VI |V |V
20|V |IV |V |V |IV |IV
| | | | | |
21|IV |III |IV |IV |III |III
22|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
23|Pridie | Idus |Pridie |Pridie | Idus | Idus
24| Idus |XVII K.AP. | Idus | Idus |XVII Kal. |XVII K.Sex.
25|XVI K. Mr. |XVI |XVII Kal. |XVII K.Jun.|XVI [Quin. |XVI
| | | [Maii | | |
26|XV |XV |XVI |XVI |XV |XV
27|XIV |XIV |XV |XV |XIV |XIV
28|XIII |XIII |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII
29|XII | |XIII |XIII |XII |XII
30|XI | |XII |XII |XI |XI
| | | | | |
31|X | |XI | |X |
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D|
a|
y|
s| JULIAN YEAR 63 BEFORE CHRIST.
|
o|
f|
|
t|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
h| | | | | |
e| | | | | |
| JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
J| | | | | |
u| | | | | |
l| | | | | |
i| | | | | |
a| | | | | |
n| YEAR OF ROME.
| | | | | |
M| | | | | |
o| | | | | |
n| | | | | |
t| | | | | |
h| | | | | |
s| 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691
.| | | | | |
--+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1|XII K. Feb.|IX K. Mar. |XII K.Apr. |X Kal. Maii|XI Kal. Ju.|IX K.Quin.
2|XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII
3|X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII
4|IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI
5|VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V
| | | | | |
6|VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV
7|VI |III |VI |IV |V |III
8|V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie
| |-----------| | | |-----------
9|IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL QUIN.
| | | |-----------| |
10|III |VI Nonas |III |KAL.MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
| | | | |-----------|
11|Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas | |V
|-----------| |-----------| |KAL. JUN. |
12|KAL. FEB. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
13|IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III
14|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
15|Pridie | Nonæ |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ | Nonæ
| | | | | |
16| Nonæ |VIII Idus | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus
17|VIII Idus |VII |VIII Idus |VTII Idus |VII |VII
18|VII |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI
19|VI |V |VI |VI |V |V
20|V |IV |V |V |IV |IV
| | | | | |
21|IV |III |IV |IV |III |III
22|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
23|Pridie | Idus |Pridie |Pridie | Idus | Idus
24| Idus |XVII K.AP. | Idus | Idus |XVII Kal. |XVII K.Sex.
25|XVI K. Mr. |XVI |XVII Kal. |XVII K.Jun.|XVI [Quin. |XVI
| | | [Maii | | |
26|XV |XV |XVI |XVI |XV |XV
27|XIV |XIV |XV |XV |XIV |XIV
28|XIII |XIII |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII
29|XII | |XIII |XIII |XII |XII
30|XI | |XII |XII |XI |XI
| | | | | |
31|X | |XI | |X |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| JULIAN YEAR 63 BEFORE CHRIST.
|--------------------------------------------------------------------
| JULY. | AUGUST. | SEPTEMBER.| OCTOBER. | NOVEMBER.| DECEMBER.
Days | | | | | |
of the| YEAR OF ROME
Julian| | | | | |
months.| 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691 | 691-692
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1|X Kal.Sex.|VIII K.Sep.|VI Kal.Oct.|VII K. Nov.|V Kal.Dec.|IV Kal.Jan.
2|IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III
3|VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie
4|VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.
5|VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas

6|V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III
7|IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie
8|III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ
9|Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus
10|KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII

11|IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI
12|III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V
13|Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV
14| Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III
15|VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie

16|VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus
17|VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.
18|V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jn.|XVI
19|IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV
20|III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dc. |XV |XIV

21|Pridie |XVII K.Oct.|XVII K.Nv. |XVI |XIV |XIII
22| Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII
23|XVIIK.Sep.|XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI
24|XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X
25|XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX

26|XIV |XII |XII |XI |IX |VIII
27|XIII |XI |XI |X |VIII |VII
28|XII |X |X |IX |VII |VI
29|XI |IX |IX |VIII |VI |V
30|X |VIII |VIII |VII |V |IV

31|IX |VII | |VI | |III

-------|--------------------------------------------------------------------
| JULIAN YEAR 62 BEFORE CHRIST.
|--------------------------------------------------------------------
| JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
Days | | | | | |
of the | YEAR OF ROME.
Julian | | | | | |
months.| 692 | 692 | 692 | 692 | 692 | 692
-------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|---------
1 |Pr. K. Feb.|VI Id. int.|VII Id.Mar.| V Id. Apr.|VI Id.Maii.|IV Id.Jun.
2 |KAL. FEB. |V |VI |IV |V |III
3 |IV Nonas |IV |V |III |IV |Pridie
4 |III |III |IV |Pridie |III | Idus
5 |Pridie |Pridie |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.Qu.

6 | Nonæ | Idus |Pridie |XVII K. M. | Idus |XVI
7 |VIII Idus |XV K. Mar. | Idus |XVI |XVII K. Ju.|XV
8 |VII |XIV |XVII K.Ap. |XV |XVI |XIV
9 |VI |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII
10 |V |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII

11 |IV |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI
12 |III |X |XIII |XI |XII |X
13 |Pridie |IX |XII |X |XI |IX
14 | Idus |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII
15 |XI Kal.int.|VII |X |VIII |IX |VII

16 |X |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI
17 |IX |V |VIII |VI |VII |V
18 |VIII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV
19 |VII |III |VI |IV |V |III
20 |VI |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie

21 |V |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.
22 |IV |VI Nonas |III |KAL MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
23 |III |V |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V
24 |Pridie |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
25 |KAL. INT. |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III

31 |VII | |VI | |V |
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D|
a|
y|
s| JULIAN YEAR 62 BEFORE CHRIST.
|
o|
f|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
t| | | | | |
h| | | | | |
e| | | | | |
| JULY. | AUGUST. | SEPTEMBER.| OCTOBER. | NOVEMBER. | DECEMBER.
J| | | | | |
u| | | | | |
l| | | | | |
i| | | | | |
a| | | YEAR OF ROME. | |
n| | | | | |
| | | | | |
M| | | | | |
o| | | | | |
n| | | | | |
t| | | | | |
h| | | | | |
s| 692 | 692 | 692 | 692 | 692 | 692-693
.| | | | | |
--|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------
1|V Id. Quin.|III Id.Sex.|Idus Sept. |Pr.Id. Oct.|XVII K.Dec.|XVI K. Jan.
2|IV |Pridie |XVII K.Oct.| Idus |XVI |XV
3|III | Idus |XVI |XVII K. Nv.|XV |XIV
4|Pridie |XVII K.Sep.|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII
5| Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII
| | | | | |
6|XVII K.Sex.|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI
7|XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X
8|XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX
9|XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII
10|XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII
| | | | | |
11|XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI
12|XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V
13|X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV
14|IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III
15|VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie.
| | | | | |-----------
16|VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.
17|VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL DEC. |IV Nonas
| | |-----------| | |
18|V |III | KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III
| | | |-----------| |
19|IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie
| |-----------| | | |
20|III | KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ
| | | | | |
21|Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III |Nonæ |VIII Idus
|-----------| | | | |
22|KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII
23|IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI
24|III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V
25|Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV
| | | | | |
26|Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III
27|VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie
28|VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus
29|VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K. Fb.
30|V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan.|XVI
| | | | | |
31|IV |Pridie | | Idus | |XV

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s| JULIAN YEAR 61 BEFORE CHRIST.
| (BISSEXTILE.)
o|
f|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
| | | | | |
t| JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
h| | | | | |
e| | | | | |
| | | | | |
J| | | | | |
u| | | | | |
l| | | | | |
i| | | | | |
a| | | YEAR OF ROME. | |
n| | | | | |
| | | | | |
M| | | | | |
o| | | | | |
n| | | | | |
t| | | | | |
h| | | | | |
s| 693 | 693 | 693 | 693 | 693 | 693
.| | | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1|XIV K.Feb. |XI K.Mar. |XIII K.Ap. |XI K.Maii |XII K.Jun. |X Kal.Qu.
2|XIII |X |XII |X |XI |IX
3|XII |IX |XI |IX |X |VIII
4|XI |VIII |X |VIII |IX |VII
5|X |VII |IX |VII |VIII |VI
| | | | | |
6|IX |VI |VIII |VI |VII |V
7|VIII |V |VII |V |VI |IV
8|VII |IV |VI |IV |V |III
9|VI |III |V |III |IV |Pridie
10|V |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III |---------
| | | | | |KAL.QUIN.
| |-----------| |-----------| |
11|IV |KAL. MAR. |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
| | | | |-----------|
12|III |VI Nonas |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V
| | |-----------| | |
13|Pridie |V |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
|-----------| | | | |
14|KAL.FEB. |IV |IV Nonas |IV |III |III
15|IV Nonas |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
| | | | | |
16|III |Pridie |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ | Nonæ
17|Pridie | Nonæ | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus
18| Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII
19|VIII Idus |VII |VII |VII |VI |VI
20|VII |VI |VI |VI |V |V
| | | | | |
21|VI |V |V |V |IV |IV
22|V |IV |IV |Iv |III |III
23|IV |III |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
24|III |Pridie |Pridie |Pridie |Idus |Idus
25|Pridie | Idus | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Qu. |XVII K.Sex.
| | | | | |
26| Idus |XVII K.Ap. |XVII K.M. |XVII K.Jn. |XVI |XVI
27|XVIK.Mr. |XVI |XVI |XVI |XV |XV
28|XV |XV |XV |XV |XIV |XIV
29|XIV |XIV |XIV |XIV |XIII |XIII
30|XIII | |XIII |XIII |XII |XII
| | | | | |
31|XII | |XII | |XI |

-----+----------------------------------------------------------------
D t M| JULIAN YEAR 61 BEFORE CHRIST.
a h o|
y e n| JULY | AUGUST |SEPTEMBER | OCTOBER | NOVEMBER | DECEMBER
s t| | | | | |
J h| | | | | |
o u s| YEAR OF ROME.
f l | | | | | |
i | 693 | 693 | 693 | 693 | 693 | 693-694
a | | | | | |
n | | | | | |
-----+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+-----------
1 |XI K.Sex |IX K.Sep. |VII K.Oct.|VIII K.Nv.|VI K.Dec. |V Kal. Jan
2 |X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV
3 |IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III
4 |VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie
5 |VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.
| | | | | |
6 |VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas
7 |V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III
8 |IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie
9 |III |KAL. SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ
10 |Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus
| | | | | |
11 |KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII
12 |IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI
13 |III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V
14 |Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV
15 | Nonæ |VII |VII |VI |IV |III
| | | | | |
16 |VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie
17 |VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus
18 |VI |IV |IV |III | Idus |XVII K.Fb.
19 |V |III |III |Pridie |XVII K.Jan|XVI
20 |IV |Pridie |Pridie | Idus |XVI |XV
| | | | | |
21 |III | Idus | Idus |XVII K.Dec|XV |XIV
22 |Pridie |XVII K.Oct|XVII K.Nv.|XVI |XIV |XIII
23 | Idus |XVI |XVI |XV |XIII |XII
24 |XVII K.Sep|XV |XV |XIV |XII |XI
25 |XVI |XIV |XIV |XIII |XI |X
| | | | | |
26 |XV |XIII |XIII |XII |X |IX
27 |XIV |XII |XII |XI |IX |VIII
28 |XIII |XI |XI |X |VIII |VII
29 |XII |X |X |IX |VII |VI
30 |XI |IX |IX |VIII |VI |V
| | | | | |
31 |X |XIII | |VII | |IV
-----+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------+----------

-----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
D t M| JULIAN YEAR 60 BEFORE CHRIST.
a h o|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
y e n| JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
s t| | | | | |
J h|
o u s| YEAR OF ROME.
f l .|
i | 694 | 694 | 694 | 694 | 694 | 694
a | | | | | |
n | | | | | |
-----+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------
1 |III K. Feb. |VII Id. int.|Nonæ Mart. |VIII d. Ap.|VIII Id. Ma.|VI Id. Jun.
2 |Pridie |VI |VIII Idus |VI |VII |V
|------------| | | | |
3 |KAL. FEB. |V |VII |V |VI |IV
4 |IV Nonas |IV |VI |IV |V |III
5 |III |III |V |III |IV |Pridie
| | | | | |
6 |Pridie |Pridie |IV |Pridie |III | Idus
7 | Nonæ | Idus |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K. Qu.
8 |VIII Idus |XVI K. Mar. |Pridie |XVII K.M. | Idus |XVI
9 |VII |XV | Idus |XVI |XVII K. Ju. |XV
10 |VI |XIV |XVII K. Ap.|XV |XVI |XIV
| | | | | |
11 |V |XIII |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII
12 |IV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII
13 |III |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI
14 |Pridie |X |XIII |XI |XII |X
15 | Idus |IX |XII |X |XI |IX
| | | | | |
16 |XI Kal. int.|VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII
17 |X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII
18 |IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI
19 |VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V
20 |VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV
| | | | | |
21 |VI |III |VI |IV |V |III
22 |V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie
| |------------| | | |----------
23 |IV |KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. QUIN.
| | | |-----------| |
24 |III |VI Nonas |III |KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
| | | | |------------|
25 |Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. JUN. |V
| | | | | |
|------------| |-----------| | |
26 |KAL. INT. |IV |KAL. APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
27 |IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III
28 |III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
29 |Pridie | |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ | Nonæ
30 | Nonæ | | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus
| | | | | |
31 |VIII Idus | |VIII Idus | |VII |
-----+------------+------------+-----------+-----------+------------+----------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| JULIAN YEAR 60 BEFORE CHRIST.
|------------------------------------------------------------------------
Days | JULY. | AUGUST. | SEPTEMBER. | OCTOBER. | NOVEMBER. | DECEMBER.
of the| | | | | |
Julian| YEAR OF ROME.
Months| | | | | |
| 694 | 694 | 694 | 694 | 694 | 694--695
------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1|VII Id. Qu.|V Id. Sext.|III Id. Sep.|IV Id. Oct. |Pr. Id. Nov.|Idus Dec.
2|VI |IV |Pridie |III |Idus |XVII K. Jn.
3|V |III | Idus |Pridie |XVII K.Dc. |XVI
4|IV |Pridie |XVII K. Oct | Idus |XVI |XV
5|III | Idus |XVI |XVII K.Nv. |XV |XIV
6|Pridie |XVII K.Sep.|XV |XVI |XIV |XIII
7| Idus |XVI |XIV |XV |XIII |XII
8|XVII K.Sex.|XV |XIII |XIV |XII |XI
9|XVI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI |X
10|XV |XIII |XI |XII |X |IX
11|XIV |XII |X |XI |IX |VIII
12|XIII |XI |IX |X |VIII |VII
13|XII |X |VIII |IX |VII |VI
14|XI |IX |VII |VIII |VI |V
15|X |VIII |VI |VII |V |IV
16|IX |VII |V |VI |IV |III
17|VIII |VI |IV |V |III |Pridie
| | | | | |-----------
18|VII |V |III |IV |Pridie |KAL. JAN.
| | | | |------------|
19|VI |IV |Pridie |III |KAL. DEC. |IV Nonas
| | |------------| | |
20|V |III |KAL. OCT. |Pridie |IV Nonas |III
| | | |------------| |
21|IV |Pridie |VI Nonas |KAL. NOV. |III |Pridie
| |-----------| | | |
22|III |KAL SEP. |V |IV Nonas |Pridie | Nonæ
23|Pridie |IV Nonas |IV |III | Nonæ |VIII Idus
|-----------| | | | |
24|KAL. SEX. |III |III |Pridie |VIII Idus |VII
25|IV Nonas |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |VII |VI
26|III | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VI |V
27|Pridie |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |V |IV
28| Nonae |VII |VII |VI |IV |III
29|VIII Idus |VI |VI |V |III |Pridie
30|VII |V |V |IV |Pridie | Idus
31|VI |IV | |III | |XVII K.Fb.
------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
| JULIAN YEAR 59 BEFORE CHRIST.
|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|----------
Days | JANUARY. | FEBRUARY. | MARCH. | APRIL. | MAY. | JUNE.
of the| | | | | |
Julian| | | YEAR OF ROME. | |
Months| | | | | |
| 695 | 695 | 695 | 695 | 695 | 695
------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------
1|XVI K. Feb.|XIII K. Mr.|XVI K. Ap. |XIV K. Maii|XV K. Jun. |XIII K. Qn.
2|XV |XII |XV |XIII |XIV |XII
3|XIV |XI |XIV |XII |XIII |XI
4|XIII |X |XIII |XI |XII |X
5|XII |IX |XII |X |XI |IX
| | | | | |
6|XI |VIII |XI |IX |X |VIII
7|X |VII |X |VIII |IX |VII
8|IX |VI |IX |VII |VIII |VI
9|VIII |V |VIII |VI |VII |V
10|VII |IV |VII |V |VI |IV
| | | | | |
11|VI |III |VI |IV |V |III
12|V |Pridie |V |III |IV |Pridie
| |-----------| | | |-----------
13|IV | KAL. MAR. |IV |Pridie |III | KAL QUIN.
| | | |-----------| |
14|III |VI Nonas |III | KAL. MAII |Pridie |VI Nonas
| | | | |-----------|
15|Pridie |V |Pridie |VI Nonas | KAL.JUN. |V
|-----------| |-----------| | |
16| KAL. FEB. |IV | KAL APR. |V |IV Nonas |IV
17|IV Nonas |III |IV Nonas |IV |III |III
18|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
19|Pridie | Nonæ |Pridie |Pridie | Nonæ |Nonæ
20| Nonæ |VIII Idus | Nonæ | Nonæ |VIII Idus |VIII Idus
| | | | | |
21|VIII Idus |VII |VIII Idus |VIII Idus |VII |VII
22|VII |VI |VII |VII |VI |VI
23|VI |V |VI |VI |V |V
24|V |IV |V |V |IV |IV
25|IV |III |IV |IV |III |III
| | | | | |
26|III |Pridie |III |III |Pridie |Pridie
27|Pridie | Idus |Pridie |Pridie | Idus | Idus
28| Idus |XVII K. Ap.| Idus | Idus |XVII K. Qu.|XVII K.SEX.
29|XVI K. Mr. | |XVII K.M. |XVII K. Ju.|XVI |XVI
30|XV | |XVI |XVI |XV |XV
| | | | | |
31|XIV | |XV | |XIV |
------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------

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History of Julius Cæsar, Vol. 2 of 2Chapter XXVIII: Appendix: A

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