Chapter X: (Year of Rome 702.)

(BOOK VII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES.”)

REVOLT OF GAUL--CAPTURE OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM--SIEGES OF AVARICUM AND GERGOVIA--CAMPAIGN OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE PARISII--SIEGE OF ALESIA.

I. REVOLT OF GAUL. 272

II. CÆSAR BEGINS THE CAMPAIGN. (_See Plate 19._) 275

III. TAKING OF VELLAUNODUNUM, GENABUM, AND NOVIODUNUM. (_See Plate 19._) 278

IV. SIEGE OF AVARICUM. (_See Plate 20._) 287

V. ARRIVAL OF CÆSAR AT DECETIA, AND MARCH TOWARDS AUVERGNE. (_See Plates 19 and 21._) 299

VI. BLOCKADE OF GERGOVIA. (_See Plates 21 and 22._) 303

VII. OBSERVATIONS. 319

VIII. CÆSAR LEAVES GERGOVIA IN ORDER TO JOIN LABIENUS. 320

IX. EXPEDITION OF LABIENUS AGAINST THE PARISII. (_See Plate 23._) 323

X. THE GAULS ASSUME THE OFFENSIVE. 329

XI. JUNCTION OF CÆSAR AND LABIENUS. BATTLE OF THE VINGEANNE. (_See Plates 19 and 24._) 331

XII. BLOCKADE OF ALESIA. (_See Plates 25, 26, 27, and 28._) 338

XIII. DETAILS OF THE EXCAVATIONS AT MONT AUXOIS. (_See Plates 25, 27, and 28._) 358

CHAPTER XI.

(Year of Rome 703.)

(BOOK VIII. OF THE “COMMENTARIES.”)

I. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE BITURIGES AND CARNUTES. 367

II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE BELLOVACI. (_See Plates 29 and 30._) 369

III. BATTLE ON THE AISNE. 377

IV. DEVASTATION OF THE COUNTRY OF THE EBURONES. 379

V. EXPEDITION AGAINST DUMNACUS. 381

VI. CAPTURE OF UXELLODUNUM. (_See Plates 31 and 32._) 383

VII. EXCAVATIONS MADE AT PUY D’ISSOLU. (_See Plates 31 and 32._) 390

VIII. COMPLETE SUBMISSION OF GAUL. 395

BOOK IV.

RECAPITULATION OF THE WAR IN GAUL, AND RELATION OF EVENTS AT ROME FROM 696 TO 705.

CHAPTER I.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 696.

I. DIFFICULTIES OF CÆSAR’S TASK. 399

II. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE HELVETII. 402

III. CAMPAIGN AGAINST ARIOVISTUS. 405

IV. SEQUEL OF THE CONSULSHIP OF L. CALPURNIUS PISO AND AULUS GALBINIUS. 408

V. INTRIGUES OF CLODIUS. 409

VI. POMPEY CONSULTS CÆSAR ON THE RETURN OF CICERO. 410

VII. POMPEY BELIEVES HIMSELF THREATENED BY A SLAVE OF CLODIUS. 411

CHAPTER II.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 697.

I. WAR AGAINST THE BELGÆ. 413

II. RETURN OF CICERO. 416

III. POMPEY IS CHARGED WITH THE SUPPLYING OF FOOD. 419

IV. FESTIVALS TO COMMEMORATE CÆSAR’S VICTORIES. 420

V. RIOTS AT ROME. 421

CHAPTER III.

EVENTS IN ROME DURING THE YEAR 698.

I. PRESENCE IN ROME OF PTOLEMY AULETES. 424

II. CLODIUS NAMED ÆDILE. TRIAL OF MILO. 426

III. RETURN OF CATO. 429

IV. STATE OF ANARCHY IN ROME. 430

V. THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. 433

VI. CONSEQUENCES OF THE INTERVIEW AT LUCCA. CONDUCT OF CICERO. 438

VII. INTRIGUES OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS TO OBTAIN THE CONSULSHIP. 443

VIII. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE PEOPLES ON THE SHORES OF THE OCEAN. 445

CHAPTER IV.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 699.

I. CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE USIPETES AND THE TENCTERI. 449

II. FIRST DESCENT IN ENGLAND. 451

III. CÆSAR’S HABITS WHEN IN CAMPAIGN. 452

IV. CONSULSHIP OF POMPEY AND CRASSUS. 453

V. MOTION OF TREBONIUS ON THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES. 456

VI. POMPEY’S SUMPTUARY LAW. 461

VII. DEPARTURE OF CRASSUS FOR SYRIA. 462

VIII. CATO PROPOSES TO DELIVER CÆSAR TO THE GERMANS. 464

CHAPTER V.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 700.

I. SECOND DESCENT IN ENGLAND. 467

II. DISPLACEMENT OF THE ARMY. DISASTER OF SABINUS. 468

III. L. DOMITIUS AHENOBARBUS AND APPIUS CLAUDIUS PULCHER, CONSULS. 470

IV. RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF PTOLEMY IN EGYPT. 472

V. CORRUPTION OF THE ELECTIONS. 474

VI. DEATH OF CÆSAR’S DAUGHTER. 476

VII. CÆSAR’S BUILDINGS AT ROME. 477

VIII. HIS RELATIONS WITH CICERO. 478

CHAPTER VI.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 701.

I. EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH OF GAUL. SECOND PASSAGE OF THE RHINE. 484

II. PURSUIT OF AMBIORIX. 485

III. C. DOMITIUS CALVINUS AND M. VALERIUS MESSALA, CONSULS. 486

IV. EXPEDITION OF CRASSUS AGAINST THE PARTHIANS, AND HIS DEATH. 488

V. CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEATH OF CRASSUS. 499

CHAPTER VII.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 702.

I. MURDER OF CLODIUS. 501

II. THE REPUBLIC IS DECLARED IN DANGER. 505

III. POMPEY SOLE CONSUL. 506

IV. TRIAL OF MILO. 508

V. POMPEY TAKES AS HIS ASSOCIATE CÆCILIUS METELLUS PIUS SCIPIO. 514

VI. INSURRECTION OF GAUL, AND CAMPAIGN OF 702. 516

CHAPTER VIII.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 703.

I. NEW TROUBLES IN GAUL, AND THE CAMPAIGN ON THE AISNE. 528

II. CÆSAR’S POLICY IN GAUL AND AT ROME. 530

III. SULPICIUS RUFUS AND M. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS, CONSULS. 536

IV. SPIRIT WHICH ANIMATES CÆSAR’S ADVERSARIES. 538

V. THE QUESTION OF RIGHT BETWEEN THE SENATE AND CÆSAR. 542

VI. INTRIGUES TO DEPRIVE CÆSAR OF HIS COMMAND. 548

CHAPTER IX.

EVENTS OF THE YEAR 704.

I. C. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS AND L. ÆMILIUS PAULUS, CONSULS. 554

II. CÆSAR REPAIRS TO THE CISALPINE. 559

III. POMPEY RECEIVES OVATIONS, AND ASKS CÆSAR TO RETURN HIS TWO LEGIONS. 564

IV. THE SENATE VOTES IMPARTIALLY. 569

V. VIOLENT MEASURES ADOPTED AGAINST CÆSAR. 570

VI. STATE OF PUBLIC OPINION. 572

CHAPTER X.

EVENTS OF THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE YEAR 705.

I. C. CLAUDIUS MARCELLUS AND L. CORNELIUS LENTULUS, CONSULS. 579

II. LENTULUS CARRIES THE SENATE AGAINST CÆSAR. 581

III. CÆSAR HARANGUES HIS TROOPS. 588

IV. CÆSAR IS DRIVEN TO CIVIL WAR. 590

V. CÆSAR CROSSES THE RUBICON. 592

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX A.

CONCORDANCE OF DATES OF THE ANCIENT ROMAN CALENDAR WITH THE JULIAN STYLE, FOR THE YEARS OF ROME 691-709. 595

APPENDIX B.

CONCORDANCE OF ROMAN AND MODERN HOURS, FOR THE YEAR OF ROME 699 (55 B. C.) AND FOR THE LATITUDE OF PARIS. 638

APPENDIX C.

LIST OF ANCIENT COINS FOUND IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE.
PAGE

NOTE ON THE ANCIENT COINS COLLECTED IN THE EXCAVATIONS AT ALISE. 640

COINS STRUCK IN THE MINT AT ROME. 642

COINS STRUCK IN SOUTHERN ITALY. 644

COINS STRUCK OUT OF ITALY. 644

GAULISH COINS (FROM CAMP D, ON THE BANKS OF THE OSE). 645