Chapter XXXV: Appendix (7)

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~=SYNOPTICAL LECTURES ON THE BOOKS OF THE BIBLE.=~

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~=DR. BONAR'S BIBLE THOUGHTS AND THEMES.=~

Genesis. 12mo. 2.00
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Acts, &c. 12mo. 2.00
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~=DR. HANNA'S LIFE OF CHRIST.=~

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~=RYLE'S NOTES ON THE GOSPELS.=~

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~=DR. JACOBUS' NOTES.=~

Genesis. 12mo. 1.50
Matthew and Mark. 12mo. 1.50
Luke and John. 12mo. 1.50
Acts. 12mo. 1.50

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~=COMMENTARY ON LEVITICUS.=~

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FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Journal de Merle d'Aubigné._

[2] _Ibid._

[3] Jules Bonnet, _Notice sur Merle d'Aubigné_. Paris, 1874.

[4] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, i. p. 285.

[5] _Ibid._ p. 349.

[6] Martyris, _Epist. Lib._, ep. 333.

[7] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. p. 3.

[8] Martyris, _Epp._, pp. 689, 722.

[9] Frobenius to Luther, February 14, 1519.--Walch., xv. p. 1631.

[10] 'Libellus Lutheri de libertate christiana et de servo arbitrio in Hispanicum idioma translatus.'--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iii. p. 168.

[11] Melch. Adami, _Vitæ Theol._, p. 288.

[12] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, i. p. 419.

[13] Works of John d'Avila, translated by Arnauld d'Andilly. Paris, 1773.

[14] Works of John d'Avila, p. 671.

[15] Works of John d'Avila, pp. 684, 685, 688, 714, 715, 717.

[16] _Ibid._ pp. 710, 712.

[17] There are four books of them, containing in all 162 letters, generally very lengthy.

[18] Works of D'Avila, p. 397.

[19] _Ibid._ p. 95.

[20] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. 6, 138. Works of D'Avila, p. 122.

[21] Works of D'Avila, p. 397.

[22] It is an exposition of Christian doctrine, viewed not from the dogmatical, but from the spiritual and practical point of view.

[23] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. p. 7.

[24] 'Homo simplex, ruri perpetuo addictus, &c.'--Montanus, _Inquisitionis hispanicæ artes_, p. 31.

[25] 'Adoranda hic maxime est divina providentia erga eos quos elegit ... cujus rei, vel is ipse rusticus luculentum exemplum esse possit.'--Montanus, _Artes Inq. hisp._, pp. 32, 33.

[26] 'In equis, in equorum apparatu, in ludis, in vestium luxu, in venationibus, etc.'--_Artes Inq. hisp._, p. 260.

[27] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. p. 148.

[28] 'Repente divinus quidem furor eum corripit.'--Montanus, pp. 260, 269.

[29] 'In cultu corporis antea molliculo et splendido, tum vero horrido et sordido apparebat.'--Montanus, p. 261.

[30] 'Sacras litteras diu noctuque versabat.'--_Ibid._

[31] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. p. 148.

[32] 'Rursus Hispanias habere suum _Geryonem_, sed auspicatissimum, tricorporem quidem, sed unanimem.'--Erasmi _Epp._, lib. xx. ep. 15.

[33] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. pp. 7, 8. _Epp. Th. Mori et Lud. Vives_, col. 114.

[34] 'Propter hoc unum verbum, sine mora in custodiam SS. PP. est traditus.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 156.

[35] 'Illius judicium instar oraculi.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 158.

[36] Llorente, ii. p. 456. _Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 123.

[37] Llorente, ii. pp. 430-431.

[38] Llorente, iii. pp. 6, 7.

[39] 'Tam impudentibus calumniis, tam evidentibus mendaciis, tam malitiosis artibus.'--Erasmi _Epp._ lib. xviii. ep. 2.

[40] Virves, _Epist._, Ratisbon, April 15, 1532. Burcheri _Spicil._, v. pp. 12-16.

[41] Llorente, ii. pp. 8-14.

[42] 'Qui ad alios illuminandos amandati erant, ipsimet lumine capti ad nos redierunt, deceptique ab hæreticis.'--G. de Illescas, _Hist. Pontiffical y Catolica_, i. p. 672.

[43] 'Unde illa audacia qua in sanctos patres ecclesiæ lumina atque columnas... inveheretur?'--Montanus, pp. 261, 262.

[44] 'Magno contemptui esse cœpit, quo in die magis magisque aucto.'--Montanus, p. 258.

[45] 'Eum exacte edocuit Christiani concionatoris officium.'--Montanus, p. 258.

[46] 'Obstupescebat primo Ægidius.... Unus e media plebe, idiota, etc.'--Montanus, p. 258.

[47] Llorente, ii. pp. 139, 140.

[48] 'Fuit divina monenti tanta spiritus Dei vis in dicendo ut ab ea hora Ægidius in alium virum mutatus.'--Montanus, p. 259.

[49] 'Præcipue sua ipsius experientia erat edoctus.'--Montanus, p. 263.

[50] 'Igneam quamdam pietatis facem.'--_Ibid._, p. 231.

[51] 'Adesse Christum qui verba, eo externe ministrante, in ipsis visceribus suorum virtute spiritus sui exararet.'--Montanus, p. 201.

[52] 'Familiaris consuetudo atque arcta amicitia.'--Montanus, p. 265.

[53] 'Constantini Fontii, viri ad prodigium usque eruditi.'--_Ibid._

[54] Llorente, ii. p. 273.

[55] A learned and pious historian, M'Crie, who devoted much attention to the history of the Reformation in Spain, states that Vargas first explained the Epistle to the Romans. But Montanus de Montes, a contemporary and friend of Egidius, says--'_Prælegebat evangelium Matthæi, quo absoluto accepit Psalmos._' P. 281.

[56] 'Capitulum cum honorifica legatione accercebat.'--Montanus, p. 279.

[57] 'Vilesceret vero indies assidua congressione lucis hypocritarum turba.'--Montanus, p. 266.

[58] 'Ad Epicteti Stoici placita ... eo Epicteto inferior.'--Montanus, p. 238.

[59] 'De crebris jejuniis, de mortificatione, vestitu, sermone, vultu ... ad missas complures, ad sacrorum locorum frequentationes, et ad multa alia nugamenta.'--Montanus, p. 238.

[60] 'Accessorat ea Hispaniæ linguæ peritia et facundia quæ quibuscumque illius studiosissimis miraculo esset.'--Montanus, p. 278.

[61] 'Videbatur enim veluti a specula quadam humana omnia negotia contemplari.'--Montanus, p. 278.

[62] 'Tantus erat populi concursus ut quarta, sæpe etiam tertia, noctis hora vix in templo inveniretur commodus ad audiendum locus.'--_Ibid._, p. 279.

[63] 'Clarissimos antecelluit.'--_Ibid._, p. 278.

[64] 'Ea urbs omnium totius Hispaniæ felicissima.'--Montanus, p. 240.

[65] 'Illa enim messis quæ per totos jam octo aut decem annos colligitur, ex illa laboriosa novatione provenire certum est.'--Montanus, p. 240.

[66] 'Constantinus (de la Fuente) a Cæsare et filio Philippo ascitus Hispali discedere cogeretur,'--Montanus, p. 282.

[67] 'Qui ut simplicitate ingenii et auctoritate præstabat, apertius et frequentius lucis hostes lacessebat.'--Montanus, p. 266.

[68] 'A Valerio Nebrissensi ex d. Pauli epistolæ ad Romanos familiari interpretatione (veritatem) ante didicerat (Diazius).'--Montanus, p. 268.

[69] Peter is not to be confounded with one of the two brothers Juan and Alfonso, whose tragic history holds a place in the annals of the Reformation.

[70] 'Sæpe e sua sede surgens, spectante universo populo, concionatoribus contradixit.'--Montanus, p. 264.

[71] 'Quem olim in nostra civitate adolescentem puer familiariter novi,' says Francis Enzinas of San Romano.--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 174.

[72] 'Virum gravem admodum constantemque et fortem in iis asserendis defendendisque quæ vera atque recta esse discendo comperisset.'--Camerarius, _Melanchthonis Vita_, p. 324.

[73] 'De officio pii viri in hoc dissidio religionis. Consultatio de articulis fidei inter papistas et protestantes controversis,' &c.

[74] 'Illustrium et clarorum virorum epistolæ, scriptæ a Belgis vel ad Belgas,' pp. 55, 58. Lugd. Batav., 1617.

[75] _Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. pp. 172, 173.

[76] M'Crie, _Reformation in Spain_, pp. 403, 414.

[77] 'Cum gravitatem illam vultus pari suavitate conjunctam, et totius corporis majestatem vere heroicam contemplarer.'--Gerdesius, iii. _Monumenta_, p. 83.

[78] 'Divinitus donatus præ ceteris mortalibus.'--_Ibid._

[79] 'Scintillula ignis ... ut totum fere pectus conflagrare videretur.'--Gerdesius, iii. _Monumenta_, 83.

[80] 'Vel ad extremum orbem advolare.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 85.

[81] 'Cujus suavi colloquio et minime molesta gravitate mirifice delectabar.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 166.

[82] Miserias hujus mundi cum æterna vita commutavit.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 166, in the scholarly edition of M. Campan. (Brussels, 1862.)

[83] 'Usque ad cineres summa sum eum reverentia prosecutus.'--_Ibid._

[84] Illust. et Clar. Virorum _Epp._ selectæ, a Belgis vel ad Belgas scriptæ; Leyden, 1617. Ep. from Knobelsdorf to Cassander, July 10, 1542; from James Dryander to Cassander, pp. 38-45, 55, 60. Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, iii. p. 127.

[85] See vol. vii. p. 491.

[86] 'Totam concionem intellexit.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 176.

[87] 'Divino quodam œstro percitus.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 176.

[88] 'Ipsum inflammavit concionatoris oratio.'--_Ibid._

[89] 'Toto triduo... in alium quemdam hominem prorsus novum est immutatus.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 178.

[90] 'Nihil toto die meditabatur, nihil nocte somniabat, præter eas sententias.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 178.

[91] Letter from Spreng to Enzinas, Jan. 6, 1546. Archives of Protestant Seminary at Strasburg.

[92] 'Postea in Hispaniam commigrare ut parentes ac totam denique civitatem nostram... converteret.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 182.

[93] 'Quo morbo laboraret.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 184.

[94] 'In aliquod antrum, quasi vivum cadaver insepultum detruderent.'--_Ibid._, p. 184.

[95] 'Ex equo deponunt, et captivum in ædes cujusdam mercatoris deducunt.'--_Ibid._, p. 186.

[96] 'Pessimi nebulones.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 188.

[97] _Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 198.

[98] See the opening speech of the Diet.--_Sleidan_, ii. p. 125 _sqq._

[99] 'Longam atque audacem orationem ... audivit imperator patienter.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 200.

[100] 'Es ist unmöglich Christum zu vergleichen mit der Schlangen.'--_Luth., Epp._, v. p. 376.

[101] 'Volebant eum, sine mora, in Danubium præcipitem dare.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 202.

[102] 'Etiam (ut audivi) in ipsam Africanam expeditionen.'--_Ib._, p. 206.

[103] 'Nihil tamen obstant hæc omnia vincula, quin meus animus alioqui liberrimus, in quem nihil habet juris imperator.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 204.

[104] 'Nimium in via properabant.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 206.

[105] The conclusion of San Romano's story will be found in ch. vi. _infra_.

[106] _Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. pp. 9-13.

[107] Vol. vii. p. 554.

[108] 'Vel suo sanguine librum impressum.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 140.

[109] 'Responsandi ex prophetarum, Christi, et apostolorum scriptis adversus Ecclesiæ decreta.'--_Ibid._, p. 146.

[110] 'Utilis illa admodum, atque proficua futura sit opera.'--Gerdesius, _Hist. Reform._, iii. p. 166.

[111] 'Ut divinum quoddam numen inter mortales existimetur.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 126.

[112] 'Insanis vociferationibus, non dicam concionantem, sed vere furentem, et concionem ipsam ad seditionem excitantem.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 128.

[113] 'Non pauca ille in te oblique dicitur ejaculatus... cum tu ipse proximus illi sederes,... quem tamen ipse non potuit agnoscere.'--_Ibid._

[114] 'Juvenculum heri aut nudius tertius natum.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 188. This is evidence of the youth of Enzinas.

[115] 'Jurare per sacrosanctam cucullam.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 190.

[116] The title stood finally thus: 'El Nuevo Testamento de nuestro Redemptor y Salvador Jesu Christo, traduzido de Griego en lengua Castellana por Francisco de Enzinas, dedicado á la cesarea Magestad. En Enveres, en casa de Estevan Mierdmanno, en el anno de MDXLIII.'--In 8vo.

[117] 'Cognitis pactionis hujus legibus ... e vita, velut indignabunda, excedens humanis valedixit.'--Ubbo Emmius, 832. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iv. p. 295.

[118] 'Eum præsentaneo veneno pungit.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 100.

[119] 'Inflexo capite in humeros, cucullo usque ad oculos demisso, terram intuens, modeste,' &c.--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 100.

[120] 'Qui ne muscam quidem lædere possit.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 100.

[121] 'Tum admonet omnes machinas quas illi suggerit Satanæ furor.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 102.

[122] 'Vel in ipso furiarum choro bacchantem.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 100.

[123] 'Imperator existimat se jam nunc in imo Tartari esse demersum.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 106.

[124] 'Eodem tempore quum ego, ad aulam accedebat (imperator).'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 196.

[125] 'In aula habebam non paucos neque vulgares amicos et cognatos.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 196.

[126] 'Nostræ Novi Testamenti interpretationi unice favebat.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 200.

[127] 'Singulari quadam majestate procedens, solus assedit mensæ.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 200.

[128] Ps. cxix. 46. 'Hæc sententia in animo meo frequenter atque ardenter repetita, sic vires reficiebat,' &c.--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 202.

[129] 'Tunc auctor es istius libri?'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 206.

[130] 'O rem unam lacrymis plane sanguineis deplorandam.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 208.

[131] 'Rem esse cum magno periculo conjunctam.'--_Ibid._, p. 212.

[132] 'Cujus opera thesaurum amplissimum cœlestis doctrinæ Hispani homines sunt consecuti.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 218.

[133] 'Omnes proditores et suspendi et crepare medios debere.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 228.

[134] 'Spurco sermone miseras auditorum aures exercebat.'--_Ibid._, p. 226.

[135] 'Ut paulo post totam Hispaniam ad lutheranismum converteret!'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 66.

[136] 'Deum immortalem! qualia illic portenta, quot idolorum formæ!'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 236.

[137] 'Quod unum apud nos extremo dignum supplicio judicatur'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 246.

[138] 'Ex istis fontibus haurienda est (doctrina) sine quibus sterilis et cæca est humana cogitatio.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 256.

[139] 'Videbam magnam monachorum turbam sursum deorsum cursitantium, nescio quid inter se susurrantium....'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 266.

[140] 'Qui hastis, gladiis ac multiplici armorum genere instructi capiti meo imminebant.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 268.

[141] 'Pericula ... non secus quam si omnia coram prævidissem.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 6.

[142] 'Nunquam in lucem erumpit, quin fulgura et tonitrua subsequantur.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 16.

[143] Vol. vii. pp. 565-576.

[144] 'Judico hominem esse omnium quos ego unquam viderim optimum.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, p. 54.

[145] 'Ingens facinus ac incendio dignum.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, p. 60.

[146] 'Ne opus alioqui laudabile ab eventu rerum æstimarent.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 50.

[147] 'Supplex exhortatio ad invictissimum Cæsarem Carolum V. et illustrissimos principes,' &c., 1543.--_Calv. Opp._, vi.

[148] 'Ut plane sentirem me ad mortem paratiorem quam ante fueram.'--_Cod. Genev._, 112, fol. 67, August 3, 1545. _Calv. Opp._, xii. p. 127.

[149] 'Profecto sic me Davidicum plectrum harmonia sua plane cœlesti rapiebat.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 78.

[150] M. Campan, editor of the _Memoirs of Enzinas_, conjectures that this is the work which was first published in 1628, under the title, _Los Psalmos de David, dirigidos in forma de oraciones_.--See _Bibliotheca Wiffeniana_, p. 142.

[151] 'Universam civitatem in favorem evangelicæ doctrinæ propendere.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 82.

[152] Sleidan, vol. ii. book xv. pp. 226-232. _Papiers d'Etat_, iii. p. 67.

[153] 'At vero qui propter religionem captivi erant, multo angustius et crudelius asservantur.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 374.

[154] 'Leges sanguine scriptæ ... ut liceret illis pro suo arbitrio in Lutheranos grassari.'--_Ibid._, p. 384.

[155] 'Facilius per nos ipsos quam per sanctos impetramus....' Fifty-six similar propositions had been brought together against Alexander.--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. pp. 390-411.

[156] 'Cum hora media octava audita esset, priusquam in carcere a mensa surrexissem, eram jam in ipsis mœnibus cum pulsaretur octava.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 420.

[157] _Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. pp. 420-425.

[158] 'Nullum ego vidi luminis splendorem, nisi tædarum quæ tunc in plateis circumferebantur.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 426.

[159] 'Quem ego semper impensissime amavi.'--Dryander Calvino, Aug. 8, 1545.

[160] 'Epistolio subrustico.'--_Ibid._

[161] 'Quod laude dignum non est, officiose prædicare.'--_Ibid._

[162] Dryander Calvino. _Bibl. de Genève_, MS. 112. This letter, which we have formerly had occasion to quote, is unpublished. [It has just been published in _Calv. Opp._, xii. p. 126.--EDITOR.]

[163] _Memoirs of Enzinas_, i. p. 7.

[164] Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, book iii. p. 170.

[165] Crespin, _Actes_, book iii. p. 170.

[166] 'Grata mihi fuit tua consolatio de casu fratris acerbissimo.'--Unpublished letter from Francis Dryander (Enzinas) to Calvin. _Bibl. de Genève_, MS. 112. (Since published in _Calv. Opp._, xii. p. 510.)

[167] 'Utinam vero hæc divina incendia per omnes Hispaniæ fines spargantur.'--_Calv. Opp._, xii. p. 510. Theodore Beza places the martyrdom of James Enzinas in 1545; Dr. M'Crie in 1546. As the letter of Enzinas to Calvin is dated in April, 1547, might not his death be with more probability assigned to the early months of this year?

[168] Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, art. _Diaz_.

[169] Calv. _Epp. Opp._, xii. pp. 130, 150.--'Apud Gallasium.'--_Ibid._, p. 336.

[170] Calv. _Opp._, xii. p. 253.

[171] Bericht von dem Regensb. Colloq. von G. Major, Wittenberg, 1546; Von M. Bucer, Strasb., 1546.--Calv. _Opp._, xii. p. 252.

[172] Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, book iii. p. 172.

[173] Diaz wrote down the conversation which he had with Malvenda, and from his papers we derive our information about it.--Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, book iii. p. 174.

[174] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. p. 88.

[175] The close of the chapter is missing in the manuscript. We add a few pages respecting the mournful death of Juan Diaz.--EDITOR.

[176] 'Quum Cæsar appropinquare dicebatur, Neoburgum se contulerat, quod oppidum est sub ditione Othonis Henrici.'--Calv., _Opp._, xii. p. 336.

[177] Sleidan, _Reform._, book xvii.

[178] Jules Bonnet, _Récits du seizième siècle_, p. 228.

[179] Castro, _Spanish Protestants_, p. 44.

[180] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, pp. 184-187.

[181] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. p. 238.

[182] It was removed during the regency of Espartero. The street is named _Calle del doctor Cazalla_.

[183] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. pp. 222, 223. Illescas, _Historia Pontifical_, ii. p. 337.

[184] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, ii. pp. 235, 236, 407. Illescas, _Historia Pontifical_, i. p. 337.

[185] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. pp. 202, 204.

[186] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. pp. 203, 208.

[187] _Ibid._, pp. 198, 199.

[188] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. 205, 206.

[189] _Ibid._, p. 208.

[190] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. p. 210.

[191] 'Adversus Deum blasphemiam et sanguinis Christi profanationem.'--Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. p. 208.

[192] 'Corona chartea in qua erant mille horribilissimorum cacodæmonum figuræ depictæ.'--Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. p. 210.

[193] 'Strictis gladiis ad crucem, quam in mille partes dissecuerunt.'--Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, p. 210.

[194] 'Levavit caput aliquantulum.'--_Histoire de l'Inquisition_, iii. p. 212.

[195] 'Quare me a vera gloria abstraxistis.'--_Ibid._, p. 214.

[196] Llorente, _Histoire de l'Inquisition_, p. 188.

[197] 'Legatus Angliæ qui ... verum Christi martyrem agnoscebat, ad aliquot menses ex aula exulavit.'--_Memoirs of Enzinas_, ii. p. 216.

[198] Crespin, _Actes des Martyrs_, book iii. p. 157. Llorente says 1540. De Castro, p. 41, says: 'That event must have happened in 1545 or 1546.' Crespin and M'Crie, p. 174, say 1544. In order to determine the date we must observe that Enzinas (ii. p. 173) writes the narrative while he is himself a prisoner at Brussels, and that he escaped in 1545. M. Campan assigns the date 1543, the year in which the account was written. This account follows that which relates to Peter de Lerma, who died in August, 1541.--EDITOR.

[199] Calendar of letters, dispatches, and state papers, relating to negotiations between England and Spain, edited by G. A. Bergenroth. London: Longmans & Co. 1868.

[200] _Premia, Dar cuerda._

[201] Letter from Cardinal Adrian to the emperor, Sept. 4, 1520.--Bergenroth, _Calendar of Letters_, &c.

[202] Reports of Friar Thomas de Matienzo, August, 1498.

[203] Instructions of the archduke Philip to John Heidin.

[204] Instruccion del rey don Fernando. Granvella's _State Papers_, July 29, 1506.

[205] See the interesting narrative of these events entitled _The Emperor Charles the Fifth and his mother Joanna_, in Professor Sybel's _Historische Zeitschrift_, vol. xx. p. 244. Munich: 1868.

[206] Robertson, _History of Charles the Fifth_, book i.

[207] Letter of the marquis of Denia of July 3, 1518.

[208] The marquis of Denia to the emperor, January 25, 1522.

[209] 'Mover piedras.'

[210] Letter of the marquis of Denia of May 25, 1525.

[211] 'Johanna war eine Lutheranerin.'--Sybel, _Historische Zeitschrift_, xx. p. 262.

[212] _Ibid._, on the authority of the instructions for the duke of Alva of April 12, 13, and 14, 1521 (Archives of Simancas).

[213] Sandoval, bishop of Pampeluna, _History of Charles V._--Valladolid, 1604.

[214] 'Der tolle Heinze.'--Luther, _Contra Henricum regem Angliæ_.

[215] _Latimer, Works_, vol. ii. p. 385. (Parker Society.)

[216] _State Papers_, vol. i. pp. 570, 571; vii. p. 715; viii. p. 1.

[217] 'Which suffred her to take greate cold and to eate things that her fantazie in syknes called for.'--_State Papers_, viii. p. 1. The story that the cæsarian operation had been performed and that the mother was sacrificed to the child appears to have been invented by the Roman party.

[218] _State Papers_, viii. p. 2.

[219] _Ibid._, pp. 5, 6.

[220] See his letter to Henry VIII., _Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_, ii. p. 554 (Parker Society).

[221] _Original Letters_, &c., pp. 621, 316, 608, 225, 226.

[222] _Ibid._, p. 623.

[223] Letter from Geneva to the ministers of Zurich, November 13, 1537.--Calv., _Opp._, x. p. 129.

[224] _Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_, ii. p. 621.

[225] Irus, a beggar of Ithaca; Codrus, an inferior poet of the time of Domitian.

[226] _Original Letters_, &c., ii. p. 620.

[227] _Original Letters_, &c., ii. pp. 611, 618.

[228] Cranmer to Capito, _Original Letters_, p. 16.

[229] Bucer to Cranmer, _Ibid._, p. 525.

[230] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, vol. i. part 2, Appendix, lxxxiii.

[231] _State Papers_, vii. p. 669. Wallop to Viscount Lisle.

[232] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 461.

[233] Beccatelli.

[234] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 477.

[235] 'Quum ... ad fores pene ejus aulæ pervenissem, nec tamen intromissus sum, sed antequam pulsare possem, exclusus fuerim.'--Pole's _Epp._ ii. p. 85.

[236] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. Appendix, No. lxxxiv.

[237] _State Papers_, vii. p. 681. King Henry VIII. to Hutton.

[238] _Ibid._, p. 693.

[239] _State Papers_, vii. p. 700.

[240] 'Dissimulato vestitu.'--Pole, _Epp._ ii. p. 49.

[241] _State Papers_, vii. p. 702.

[242] _State Papers_, viii. p. 9.

[243] Robert Warner, November 21, 1538. _Original Letters illustrative of English History_ (Ellis), ii. p. 97.

[244] 'Splendide vixerant legati et liberalem mensam exhibuerant.'--Seckendorf, book iii. sec. 16.

[245] 'Singularem erga me benevolentiam.... Sermones mihi tuos amantissimos perferri.'--Melanchthon to Henry VIII., _Corp. Ref._, iii. p. 671.

[246] Cranmer to Cromwell, _Letters_, p. 379.

[247] Strype, _Memorials_, i. pp. 504, _sqq._ Cranmer, _Letters_, &c.

[248] 'So gentilly as I could.'--Cranmer, _Letters_, p. 377.

[249] Cranmer, _Letters_, p. 370.

[250] The document drawn up by the German doctors, and the answer of the king, prepared by Tonstall, are to be found in the _Cotton MSS. Cleop. E._ They were printed by Burnet (i. p. 491) and by Strype, in Appendices to their histories.

[251] 'Præcipuum hoc officium esse summorum principum propagare et tueri cœlestem doctrinam.'--_Corp. Ref._, iii. p. 671.

[252] 'Illud præcipue est heroicum pro ecclesia contra tyrannos arma gerere.'--_Ibid._

[253] Some historians have supposed that Gardiner's embassy had lasted only two years. The dates we give are taken from a paper written by the bishop,--_The Account of his expenses_. His suite is described by Wriothesley.--_State papers_, viii. p. 51.

[254] 'Adversus pontificis molimina atque technas.'--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 284.

[255] 'Aliquibus statutis in parliamentis nostris in contrariam editis, cæterisque contrariis non obstantibus quibuscumque.' (Royal Commission of October 1, 1538.)--Wilkins, iii. p. 836.

[256] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 500.

[257] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 504.

[258] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. pp. 500 _sqq._

[259] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 496.

[260] Strype, Wilkins, &c.

[261] Fox, v. p. 193.

[262] The forty-five points and the answers to them are given in Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 181-225.

[263] Fox, v. p. 228.

[264] Fox, v. p. 228.

[265] Fox, Burnet, Godwin.

[266] This apology, entitled _A Treatise of John Lambert upon the sacrament, addressed to the king_, is given in Fox, v. pp. 237-250.

[267] 'Fox saith it was Day, bishop of Chichester; but in that he was mistaken, for he was not yet bishop.' It was in fact Bishop Sampson.--Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_, ch. xviii. (Translator's note.)

[268] 'The king's look, his cruel countenance, and his brows bent unto severity,' &c.--Fox, v. p. 229.

[269] Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 188, 189.

[270] _Ibid._, p. 230.

[271] 'Quodam modo.'

[272] Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 232, 233.

[273] Fox.

[274] Fox, Godwin, Crespin, Collyer, Burnet, &c.

[275] Biblioth. Anglaise, i, p. 158. Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 286.

[276] Bossuet.

[277] _State Papers_, viii. p. 32.

[278] 'If your Majesty will hearken to the reconciling with the bishop of Rome.'--Wyatt's Report to the king. _State Papers_, viii. p. 37.

[279] _State Papers_, viii. pp. 127, 156.

[280] 'Franciscus, &c.... quod... sacram Bibliam tam Latine quam Britannice sive Anglice imprimendi... et in suum regnum apportandi et transferendi libertatem... concesserit....'--Burnet, i. Records, p. 286. Strype, _Memorials of Cranmer_, Appendix, No. xxx.

[281] _State Papers_, i. p. 575. Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 27.

[282] See Bonner's letter to Cromwell of September 2, 1538; Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 150; and another of later date, p. 152.

[283] A few copies of this Bible are still to be found in various libraries.--Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 31.

[284] Royal Proclamation. Rolls, Henry.

[285] Castillon, Feb. 2, 1538. Ranke, v. p. 159.

[286] 'The king's mind so fully addicted, upon politic respects.'--Fox, v. p. 264.

[287] Lord Herbert of Cherbury, _Life and Reign of King Henry VIII._, p. 510.

[288] _Ibid._

[289] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 265. Lord Herbert says the same,--'Cranmer for three days together in the open assembly opposed these articles boldly.'--_Life of Henry VIII._, p. 512.

[290] Strype's _Memorials of Cranmer_, ii. p. 743.

[291] _Ibid._, Appendix, No. 40.

[292] Defence against Gardiner, p. 285.

[293] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i., p. 545.

[294] Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 265, 398. Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_, p. 74. Burnet, _Hist. Ref._, i. p. 481.

[295] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 359.

[296] Lingard, _Hist. of England_, v. p. 131.

[297] Anderson, English Bible, ii. p. 63.

[298] 'Vintoniensis führet im Lande umher zwei unrüchtige Weiber mit sich in Mannskleidern.' For this opinion of the four theologians see the letter to the Elector signed by them.--_Corp. Ref._, iii. p. 796.

[299] Letter to Farel, from Strasburg, October 27, 1539, Calv. _Opp._, x. p. 425.

[300] 'Circumit Christus esuriens, sitiens, nudus, vinctus, conquerens de pontificum rabie.... Hunc agnoscere, excipere, fovere pii regis est officium.'--Henrico VIII., regi Angliæ, _Corp. Ref._, iii p. 819.

[301] _Ibid._, p. 800.

[302] Fox, Hall, Burnet.

[303] Le Grand, _Divorce_, ii. p. 265.

[304] Cotton MS. Vitellius, B. xxi.

[305] _State Papers_, i. p. 619. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 517. Cott Libr., _App._ xxiii. fol. 104.

[306] Southampton to Henry VIII., _State Papers_, viii. p. 213.

[307] One document, _The coming of Lady Anne_, states that the interview was at Blackheath.

[308] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 517.

[309] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, Depositions of Sir A. Brown, Lord Russell, &c.

[310] Cromwell to the King. Burnet, _Hist. Ref._, i. p. 297.

[311] Hall, Lord Herbert, Burnet, _Records_.

[312] _Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_, ii. pp. 627 and 628, Feb. 24 and March 29, 1540. (Parker Society.)

[313] 'The word is powerfully preached by Barnes and his fellow-ministers.'--_Ibid._

[314] Partridge to Bullinger, Feb. 29, 1540.--_Original Letters, &c._, ii. p. 614.

[315] 'Unkind handling.' (Wyatt to Henry VIII.)--_State Papers_, viii. p. 240.

[316] _State Papers_, viii. p. 241.

[317] _Ibid._, p. 249.

[318] 'Exposuerunt auspicia nuptiarum fuisse læta et sancta.'--_Corp. Ref._, iii. p. 1005.

[319] 'Ut vera doctrina Christi luceat in Ecclesiis.'--_Ibid._, p. 1007. Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 548.

[320] 'Articuli in Angliam missi.'--_Corp. Ref._, iii. p. 1009.

[321] _History of the Reformation_, First Series.

[322] This is Fox's opinion (_Acts and Monuments_, v. p. 420); the former is the more probable.

[323] Gardiner's Sermon, Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 430.

[324] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 429. Gal. iv. 22.

[325] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 433.

[326] _Original Letters, &c._, ii. p. 632.

[327] _The Bible in English, with a prologue by the Archbishop of Canterbury._ The king's copy is in the British Museum.

[328] Anderson, _English Bible_, index, p. ix.

[329] Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i. p. 550.

[330] _The Necessary Erudition of a Christian Man._

[331] _Original Letters, &c._, i. p. 202.

[332] Cotton MS. Tit. B. 1. p. 406.

[333] _State Papers_, viii. pp. 244, 276, 282, 289, 295, 299 (Henry to Wallop).

[334] _State Papers_, viii. pp. 349-350.

[335] Henry VIII. to Wallop.--_State Papers_, viii, p. 362.

[336] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 520.

[337] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 521. Cranmer, _Works_, ii. p. 401.

[338] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 522.

[339] 'The cardinal of Belly ... showed me that the said Prevey Seales intent was to have marryed my lady Mary.'--Wallop to Henry VIII. _State Papers_, viii. p. 379.

[340] See Cromwell's _Attainder_. Burnet, _Records_, i. No. 16. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 521.

[341] Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 110.

[342] Lingard, _Hist. of England_, v. p. 143. The same course had been adopted with respect to the Countess of Salisbury; and Cromwell, it was said, was implicated in that case. It must, however, be observed that this lady was not executed till a year after Cromwell's death.

[343] Cromwell's Letter to Henry VIII. Burnet, _Records_, i. p. 301.

[344] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 401.

[345] Burnet, _Records_, ii. p. 214.

[346] Cotton MS. Titus, B. 1, fol. 267. Original Letters, &c. (Ellis) Series ii. p. 160.

[347] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 402.

[348] Hall.

[349] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 529.

[350] Le Grand, _Divorce_, ii. p. 235.

[351] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 403.

[352] Fox, v. p. 403. It is possible that the prayer may have been written in the prison.

[353] _State Papers_, viii. p. 396. Pate to Norfolk.

[354] The distinguished historian, Mr. Froude, bears the same testimony.

[355] _Original Letters_, &c., i. p. 202. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 526.

[356] Fox, v. p. 434.

[357] 'Drawn to the place of execution two upon a hurdle, one being a papist and the other a protestant.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 439.

[358] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 435.

[359] 'Næ! in posterum ego regiæ religionis ero, hoc est, nullius!'--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 300.

[360] 'They had perceived that the king's affections were alienated from the Lady Anne to that young girl ... whom he married immediately upon Anne's divorce.'--_Original Letters relating to the English Reformation_, i. p. 205.

[361] The judgment of Convocation, Burnet, _Records_, i. p. 303. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 522. Strype, _Eccles. Mem._, i., Appendix, pp. 306 sqq.

[362] Letter of Henry VIII. to Clerk and Wotton.--_State Papers_, viii. p. 404. The king's testimony is confirmed by that of Anne.--_Ibid._, i. p. 637.

[363] 'The king's own declaration.'--Burnet, _Records_, i. p. 302.

[364] 'In libertate contrahendi matrimonii cum alia.'--Judgment of Convocation.--_Ibid._, p. 306.

[365] A document preserved in the archives of Düsseldorf proves that any engagement between Anne and the Prince of Lorraine had been formally broken off.

[366] Letter from Bochetel to the English ambassador.--Le Grand, _Divorce_, iii. p. 638.

[367] 'The news stroke her into a sudden weakness and fainting.'--Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 523.

[368] Anne to the king.--_State Papers_, i. p. 638.

[369] _Ibid._, pp. 641, 644.

[370] Anne to her brother.--Burnet, _Records_, i. p. 307. This letter is also to be found in the _State Papers_, i. p. 645, with material variations. The passages cited are, however, almost identical.

[371] Lingard himself remarks (_Hist. of England_, vi. ch. 4) that it was at a dinner given by the bishop of Winchester that Catherine for the first time attracted the king's attention.

[372] _Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_ (Parker Soc.), p. 202.

[373] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 534.

[374] 'Catharinam Houwartham tantopere amabat ut feria omnium sanctorum, sacra Domini cœna utens,' &c.--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 306. Burnet, Rapin, Thoyras, &c.

[375] _State Papers_, viii. pp. 442, 451, 453, 456, 476.

[376] Act 32 Henry VIII., c. 10.

[377] Act 32 Henry VIII., c. 26.

[378] 'In ventos abiere infelici cum regionis tum religionis fato.'--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 301.

[379] Wilkins, _Concilia_, iii. pp. 842, 847.

[380] Three editions of this book were published, in 1537, 1540, and 1543.

[381] Burnet, _His. Ref._, i. p. 543.

[382] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 442.

[383] Fox, in his _Acts_, v. pp. 443 to 449, gives the names of all these persons, naming also their parishes and their offences.

[384] Wallop to Henry VIII., January 20, 1541.--_State Papers_, viii. p. 517.

[385] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 449.

[386] _Ibid._ Collyer, ii. p. 184.

[387] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 451.

[388] Cranmer, _Works_, i. p. xvi.

[389] Cranmer, _Works_, i. p. xvii.

[390] _Ibid._, p. xvii.

[391] Cranmer, _Works_, i. p. xvii.; Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_, p. 102. Burnet.

[392] Cranmer, _Works_, i. p. xviii.

[393] 'The whole council being thereat somewhat amazed.'--Cranmer, _Works_, i. p. xix.

[394] Cranmer, _Works_, i.; Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_; Burnet, _Hist. Ref._; Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 139.

[395] 'The king to the chancellor.'--_State Papers_, i. p. 689.

[396] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 534.

[397] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 535.

[398] The confession is given by Burnet, _Hist. Reform._, iii. p. 224.

[399] Cranmer to the king, _Works_, ii. p. 408. _State Papers_, i. 689.

[400] Cranmer, _Works_, ii. p. 408.

[401] Cranmer, _Works_, ii. p. 409. _State Papers_, i. p. 690.

[402] _State Papers_, i. p. 691. The Council to Cranmer.

[403] 'His coming again to the queen's service was to an ill intent of the renovation of his former naughty life.'--_Ibid._, p. 700.

[404] Letters to the Privy Council.--_State Papers_, i. pp. 702, 704, 706, 708.

[405] Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Turner, and other historians say that Culpeper was executed on November 30. But we follow the documents signed by all the members of the council, which bear date December 10.--_State Papers_, i. p. 707.

[406] _State Papers_, i. p. 721.

[407] The bill is given by Burnet, _Records_, i. p. 567.

[408] The Roman Catholic historian Lingard, in his _History of England_, at first put forward the idea of a conspiracy;--'A plot was woven';--but in a later edition, he felt compelled to relinquish the idea of conspiracy and to substitute that of _discovery_;--'A discovery was then made.' The word _complot_ remains in the French version of his work.

[409] 'The bishop of Rome is in great furor and rage against him.'--Harvel to the king. _State Papers_, ix. pp. 21, 22.

[410] Fuller, _Church History_, Book v. p. 239.

[411] Burnet, i. p. 570. Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 152. Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 308.

[412] Bonner's _Admonition and Injunctions_, i., _Records_, pp. 379, 380.

[413] Letter from Hilles to Bullinger, of December 18, 1542, the date of Catherine's trial.--_Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_, i. pp. 228, 229. (Parker Soc.)

[414] _Original Letters relative to the English Reformation_, pp. 234-235.

[415] _Original Letters_, &c., i. p. 240.

[416] _Ibid._, p. 241.

[417] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 463.

[418] Anderson, _English Bible_, i. p. 569; ii. pp. 80, 156.

[419] 'An Act for the advancement of true religion and the abolishment of the contrary.'--Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_, p. 142.

[420] Wilkins, Burnet, Strype, Todd, _Life of Cranmer_, i. p. 332.

[421] 'She was endued with singular beauty, favor and comely personage.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 554.

[422] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 561.--Strype, _Mem. of Cranmer_, &c.

[423] Cranmer, _Works_, ii. p. ix. Burnet, _Hist. of the Reform._, i. p. 593. Strype, Fox, Todd, _Life of Cranmer_, i. p. 349.

[424] Fox, who relates these circumstances, adds in a note,--'Christ saith--_Scrutamini Scripturas_; and Winchester saith--The devil makes men to meddle with the scriptures.'

[425] 'An epistle of Master John Calvin, which Marbeck had written out.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. pp. 483, 484.

[426] _Ibid._, pp. 464-496.

[427] Despatch from the Privy Council to the French ambassador.--_State Papers_, ix. p. 388.

[428] Act of Succession, 35 Henry VIII. c. 1.

[429] Harvel to Henry VIII.--_State Papers_, x. p. 492.

[430] 'Three of their captains have desired leave to depart for lack of men.'--Poynings to Henry VIII., Boulogne, August 15, 1546.--_State Papers_, x. p. 570.

[431] 'Fearing lest the Italians should pass over to England.'--_State Papers_, x. p. 492.

[432] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 496.

[433] Burnet, _Hist. Ref._, i. p. 617.

[434] Cranmer, _Works_, ii. pp. 339, 398. Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 537. Bale, _Works_, pp. 157, 161, 441. Bradford, _Writings_, i. pp. 290, 374, 529.

[435] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 598. Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 534.

[436] Bale, _Select Works_, p. 226 (Parker Society).

[437] Bale, _Select Works_, p. 190.

[438] 1 Cor. vii. 5, 15.

[439] 'He flung into his chamber in a great fury.'--Bale, _Select Works_, p. 177 (Parker Society). Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 543.

[440] Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 198.

[441] Bale's _Works_, p. 216. Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 546.

[442] Proclamation of July 8, 1546.

[443] 'My Lord Chancellor and Master Rich took pains to rack me in their own hands, _till I was nigh dead_.' Bale's _Works_, p. 224. Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 547. Burnet also relates the fact and adds some details:--'The lord chancellor, throwing off his gown, drew the rack so severely.' But Burnet is inclined to doubt the fact. The evidence of Anne Askew is positive. Burnet's doubt means nothing more than a bishop's respect for a lord chancellor.

[444] Letter from Ottwell Johnson to his brother, of July 2. Anderson, _English Bible_, ii. p. 196.

[445] Bale's _Works_, p. 238. Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 549.

[446] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 552.

[447] _Ibid._, p. 550.

[448] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 553.

[449] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 554.

[450] _State Papers_, i. p. 869. It is in this letter of September 17, 1546, that the first mention of the king's state is to be found.

[451] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 555.

[452] _Ibid._, v. p. 555.

[453] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 556.

[454] Gardiner's malicious interpretation of Acts iv. 32, where it is stated that the Christians had all things in common.

[455] 'The drawing of certain articles against the queen, wherein her life might be touched.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 556.

[456] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 557. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 624.

[457] 'Cum enim Cancellarius ex improviso scriptum illud regis manu notatum e sinu in quem id recondiderat perdidisset.'--Gerdesius, _Ann._, iv. p. 352.

[458] 'The queen fell incontinent into a great melancholy and agony, bewailing and taking on in such sort as was lamentable to see, as certain of her ladies and gentlewomen, being yet alive, who were then present about her, can testify.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 558.

[459] 'Almost to the peril and danger of her life.'--_Ibid_.

[460] It seems to have been Dr. Wendy.

[461] 'Was rather to pass away the time and pain of his infirmity.'--Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 624.

[462] 'In the midst of their mirth.'--Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 560.

[463] Fox, _Acts_, v. p. 561. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 625.

[464] _State Papers_, i. p. 882.

[465] 'I have no access to your majesty.'--_State Papers_, i. p. 884.

[466] _State Papers_, i. p. 884.

[467] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 625.

[468] This paper is printed in _State Papers_, i. p. 891. The words underlined by the king are here printed in italics.

[469] 'Sore perplexed, trembling and like to fall down.'--Letter from Gate, Southwell and Carew to Henry VIII.--_State Papers_, i. p. 888.

[470] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 627.

[471] The date usually given is the 19th. We follow _Lord Burleigh's Notes_.--Merden's _State Papers_.

[472] She appointed as their preceptor John Fox, the evangelical author of the _Acts and Monuments of the Martyrs_, which we frequently quote.

[473] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 630.

[474] Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 631.

[475] Thevet, _Cosmog._ i. p. 16.

[476] Fox, Acts v. p. 689. Lord Herbert's _Life of Henry VIII._, p. 634. _Original Letters_ (Ellis), ii. p. 137.

[477] The will is to be found in Fuller, _Church History of Britain_, pp. 243-252, in Rymer, _Fœdera_, &c.

[478] Phil. ii. 1, 2.

[479] Acts iv. 12.

[480] John xvii. 22, 23.

[481] 'Obter nun wohl noch nicht geweyhet war, vermahneten ihn doch gute Freunde öffentlich zu predigen.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 434.

[482] Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 435, &c. Cramer, _Pomer. Chr._ Herzog's _Theol. Ency._ ii., and various biographies.

[483] _History of the Reformation_, second series, vii. p. 270.

[484] 'Si pasturam assumis, papæ et episcoporum hostem te facies; si repugnaveris Christi hostis eris.'--Gerdesius, _Hist. Ref._ ii. p. 50.

[485] 'Das unüberwindliche ewige Worte Gottes, mit einem Schatten verdunkelt, nun heller als die Sonne.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 665. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 376. Gerdesius, _Hist. Ref._ ii. p. 132.

[486] 'Christus faciat gloriam suam crescere.'--Luther, _Epist._ iii. p. 290.

[487] 'So liegt auch mehr an Wittenberg zu dieser Zeit denn an drey Braunschweig.'--Ibid. p. 377. See also Richter, _Evang. Kirchenordnungen_. Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, pp. 666, 919. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 378.

[488] 'Dass er sollte ewiglich bey Ihnen bleiben.'--Luther, _Epist._ iii. p. 399. Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 924. Richter, _Evang. Kirchenordnungen_.

[489] Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 1160. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 384. Richter, _Evang. Kirchenordnungen_.

[490] _History of the Reformation_, First Series, vol. iv. book xiv. chap. 6.

[491] 'Anfänglich nicht wenig erschreckt, weil Gott, in seinem Herzen dies Fünklein immer erhalten.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 1414.

[492] 'Welches alles bey ihm grosse Betrübniss, Bekümmerniss und Herzensangst erweckt.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 1415.

[493] 'Omnium arborum radices in principio sunt tenuia fila ... et tamen producunt trabes et robora quibus tantæ moles domorum, navium, et machinarum construuntur.'--Luther, _Epist._ iv. p. 400.

[494] 'Victo regno, victus est rex.'--Luther, _Epist._ iv. p. 440.

[495] 'Christus ist grösser dann alle Fürsten.'--_Epist._ iv. p. 448.

[496] Eccles. xi. 9.

[497] 'Solle der Herzog gelächelt und den Bischof angesehen haben.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 599.

[498] Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 492.

[499] 'Traten aus einem nahen Hause die Frauen und Jungfrauen der Stadt hervor, jener mit offener Brust, diese mit zerstreuten Haaren...'--Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 496. Hamelmann, _Hist. renovati Evangelii_. Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 1291.

[500] Compromise of October 18, 1532.

[501] _Hist. of the Reformation_, Second Series, vol. ii. book ii. chap. 21.

[502] _History of the Reformation_, Second Series, vol. ii. chaps. 22 and 23.

[503] 'Mediocrem pecuniæ summam ei dant pontificii.'--Gerdesius, _Hist. Reform._ iii. p. 93.

[504] 'Und allein im Thurme die alten Missbräuche beybehalten wurden.'--Seckendorf, _Hist. des Lutherthums_, p. 1465.

[505] 'Amore Rotmani virum veneno interemit.'--Manlius, _Excerpta_, p. 485.

[506] Sleidan, _De statu religionis_, lib. x.

[507] 'Sin minus jam ira Dei vos obruet.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 98.

[508] 'Johannes a Leidis artificio _sartor_.'--Cochlæus, _Acta Lutheri_, p. 252.

[509] Gerdesius, _Hist. Reform_, iii. p. 95. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 531.

[510] 'Et a fanaticis hominibus incorruptam defendere.'--Gerdesius, _Hist. Reform_, iii. p. 95.

[511] 'Per eam pugnam urbe potiretur.'--Cochlæus, _Acta Lutheri_, p. 251.

[512] Arnold, _Kirchen-Historie_. Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 533.

[513] 'Vascula cervisiæ plena quo mulieres fatigatos in itinere parvulos recreaturæ videbantur, adimerent ... manibus panes ... ad leniendam famem ... raperent.'--Cochlæus, _Acta Lutheri_, p. 252.

[514] Kersenbroik, quoted by Ranke, _Deutsche Geschichte_, iii. p. 526. Hamelmann, 1216. Corvinus _apud Schardium_, ii. p. 315.

[515] 'Vestem non ad modum bonam.'--Cochlæus, _Acta Lutheri_.

[516] 'Intus humanis excrementis illitos.'--Kersenbroik, _Bellona anabapt._ Sleidan, _De statu religionis_, lib. x. p. 150.

[517] Cochlæus, p. 252.

[518] 'Reges atque principes omnes promiscue interficiat'--Sleidan, lib. x. p. 161. Gerdesius, _Hist. Ref._ iii. p. 102.

[519] 'Se suosque ministros exornavit holosericis, auratisque et argenteis indumentis, quæ ex templis abstulerat.'--Cochlæus, p. 253.

[520] 'Duxit quindecim uxores et trecentas se ducturum declaravit.'--Sleidan, lib. x. p. 161. Gerdesius, iii. p. 123.

[521] Ranke, iii. p. 540.

[522] 'Coram senatu expandentes in terra pallia sua,' &c.--Cochlæus, p. 254.

[523] Kersenbroik, Raeumer, _Geschichte Europas_, ii. p. 467. Ranke, iii. p. 542.

[524] 'In lapides aliquoties dentes acuisse referuntur, sperantes juxta regis vaticinium illos conversos iri in panem.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 154.

[525] 'Cum trium liberorum mater facta esset, eos omnes occiderit, sale condierit et comederit.... Infantium manus ac pedes, urbe capta, in salsamentis dicuntur reperti.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 154.

[526] Hortens. in _Ep. ad Erasmum_, p. 152. Kersenbroik, in _Bello Monast._ p. 59. Gerdesius, iii. p. 104. Ranke, iii. p. 555. Raeumer, _Geschichte Europas_, ii. p. 467.

[527] Brandt, _Reform._ i. p. 51.

[528] 'A milite transfuga episcopo ... via indicata ... capiendi civitatem.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 104.

[529] 'Rex vero latitans in turri quadam.'--Cochlæus, p. 255.

[530] 'Huc, illuc, ad principes ducebantur spectaculi et ludibrii causa.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 105.

[531] 'Supplicio ultimo candentibus forcipibus distracti decesserunt.'--Sleidan, lib. x. p. 166. Heresbach, _Epist. ad Erasmum_, Corvinus. Gerdesius, iii. p. 105. Ranke, iii. p. 561. Brandt, _Ref._ i. p. 54.

[532] 'Parum curo. Satan furit sed stat Scriptura.'--Luther, Epp. iv. p. 548.

[533] 'Si qui improvide commiscerent ea quæ toto tamen cœlo distabant, Evangelii purioris professionem cum violentis illis Ecclesiarum et Rerumpublicarum perturbatoribus.'--Gerdesius, iii. p. 106. Compromise of the Diet of 1529. Seckendorf, Raeumer, Ranke.

[534] 'Deplorabo quoad vixero.'--_Ubbonis Confessio_, in Gerdesius, iii. p. 113.

[535] Psalm lxviii. 20.

[536] John viii. 51.

[537] See NOTE, p. 361.

[538] This name has first been written Keschel--altered to Kessel.

[539] Pius II. died in 1464.

[540] 'Gaspar Veronensis, p. 1038, 1043.'

[541] 'Diese Aufforderung nimmt sich in der Gründonnerstagsbulle v. 7 April, 1463, bei Raynaldus, 1463, n. 84 etwas wunderlich neben den Flüchen aus.'

[542] 'Die ausführlichste Nachricht giebt Pius, _Comment._ p. 185, 186, einige werthvolle Notizen Niccolo della Tuccia, _Cronaca_, etc. ed. Orioli. Roma 1852, p. 307. Die verschiedenen Zeitangaben dürfen nicht irremachen: nach Tuccia geschah der Fund im Mai 1462, wobei er richtig bemerkt, dass der Papst damals in Viterbo war; damit stimmt Pius' Angabe in den _Commentarien_. Als ef jene Bulle erliess, war der Bau schon im Gange. Den Ertrag giebt auch Card. Papiens. _Comment._ p. 394 an.'

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