Chapter IV

PRESENTATION OF SPANISH NEW TESTAMENT TO CHARLES V.
BY ENZINAS.

(1542-1545.)

Enzinas at Louvain--The Spanish New Testament--Enzinas
at Antwerp--The Printing begun--Debates on the
Title--Completion of the Work--Pedro de Soto, Confessor
to Charles V.--His instigation to persecution--Abuse of
the Confessional--Dedication of Enzinas's Work to the
Emperor--Enzinas at Brussels--His feeling in the Emperor's
presence--Presentation of the Spanish New Testament to
the Emperor--Reply of Charles V.--The Book submitted to
the judgment of De Soto--Enzinas in the Convent of the
Dominicans--The Doctrines of De Soto--Treason--A Snare--The
Mask dropped by De Soto--Argument of Enzinas--Excitement
in the Convent--Arrest of Enzinas--His Dejection in the
Prison--Consoled by Giles Tielmans--The Examination--The
Defence--Intercession--Spiritual Consolations--A Preacher in
Bonds--Hopes deceived--A Horrible Persecution--The Queen's
Chaplain--His Trial and Flight--Escape of Enzinas--The walls
of Brussels cleared--His arrival at Mechlin--At Antwerp--A
legend--Another legend--Correspondence with Calvin--Enzinas
at Wittenberg--James Enzinas at Rome--His arrest, trial, and
condemnation--His martyrdom--Grief of Francis 58

CHAPTER V.

FANATICISM AND BROTHERLY LOVE. JUAN DIAZ.

(1545-1547.)

Studies of Diaz at Paris--His friendship with James
Enzinas--Visit to Geneva--Representative of the Reformed at
Ratisbon--Meeting with
Malvenda--Discussions--Threats--Denunciations--Alonzo Diaz
in Germany--His interview with Malvenda--Discovery of his
brother's place of refuge--Intercourse between the two
brothers--Hypocrisy of Alonzo--Fratricide 99

CHAPTER VI.

SPANIARDS IN SPAIN.

(1534-1542.)

Bartholomew Carranza--Don Domingo de Roxas--Confession
of the True Doctrine by de Roxas--Augustine Cazalla--Don
Carlos de Seso--The Marchioness of Alcagnices--Carranza's
Progress--The Reformation spread by his Books--Carranza,
Primate of Spain--His imprisonment--San Romano in Spain--Led
to execution--His glorious death--The Martyrs of the
Reformation--Death of San Romano not fruitless--Growing
boldness of the Evangelicals 112

CHAPTER VII.

QUEEN JOANNA.

(Born 1479-Died 1555.)

A shameful Captivity--Joanna's Youth--Her Marriage--Her
Opposition to the Catholic Rites--Isabella's Scheme for
excluding her from the Throne--Intrigues of Ferdinand--Meeting
of Ferdinand and Philip--Conspiracy of the two Princes--Death
of Philip--A Mournful Journey--Confinement of Joanna
at Tordesillas--Her aversion to Romish Ceremonies--Ill
treatment--Bitter Complaints--Was Joanna a Lutheran?--Her
Christian Death--A Victim of the gloomiest Fanaticism 126

BOOK XV.

ENGLAND.

CHAPTER I.

THE THREE PARTIES WHICH DIVIDED ENGLAND.

(1536-1540.)

Birth of Edward VI.--Death of the Queen--A new wife sought by
the King--Relations of Henry VIII. with the Swiss--English
students in Switzerland--A Letter to Calvin--Works of Swiss
Theologians--The King's opinions on these Works--Reginald
Pole--Made Cardinal--Legate beyond the Alps--Anger of Henry
VIII.--Pole in France and Belgium--Failure of his Mission--His
return to Rome--German Divines in England--Protracted
discussions--Ill-will of some of the Bishops--Fruitless
attempts at conciliation--Departure of the German
Doctors--Melanchthon's Letter to Henry VIII. 140

CHAPTER II.

HENRY VIII. SUPREME HEAD OF THE ENGLISH CHURCH.

(1538.)

Gardiner--His return to England--Instigation to
persecution--Sampson, Bishop of Chichester--A Conspiracy
against the Reformation--A return to old usages--The Minister
John Nicholson--His Treatise on the Lord's Supper--His Appeal
to the King--Appearance before the King--Examination--His
Confession of Evangelical Doctrine--His resolute Declaration on
the Sacrament--Cranmer's Answer--The King's anger--Nicholson
condemned to be burnt--His Execution--Flatteries addressed to
the King 158

CHAPTER III.

THE SIX ARTICLES.

(1538-1540.)

Negotiations for the King's Marriage--Their failure--Printing
of the Bible at Paris--The Printing stopped--Completion of
the Work in London--Divisions--Attempted Compromise--Its
failure--The King's fears--The Six Articles--Cranmer's
Opposition--Latimer's Resignation of his See--The King's
advances to Cranmer, Cromwell, and Norfolk--Cranmer's
Time-serving--Five Hundred sent to Prison--Feeling
in Germany--The Articles condemned at Wittenberg and
Geneva--Melanchthon's Letter to the King of England--The King
appeased--Puerile Games 174

CHAPTER IV.

HENRY VIII. AND ANNE OF CLEVES.

(1539-1540.)

Anne of Cleves--Praises uttered of her--Her simple
character--Her arrival in England--The King's
disappointment--His desire to get rid of her--His fear
to break off the engagement--The Marriage celebrated at
Greenwich--Henry's Complaint to Charles V.--Ill-will of
Charles--The King's distrust--Preaching of the Gospel
ordered by Cromwell--Gardiner's Sermon--Barnes's Sermon--His
boldness--His imprisonment--Numerous editions of the Bible 192

CHAPTER V.

DISGRACE AND DEATH OF CROMWELL, EARL OF ESSEX.

(1540.)

Cromwell threatened--Loaded with honors by the King--The
King's intention--The King's letter to Cromwell--Arrest
of Cromwell--Foolish charges--The real motive of the
blow--Cromwell abandoned by all his Friends--Defended by
Cranmer alone--Cranmer's Letter to the King--The Bill of
Attainder--Heresy--The Accuser--No Trial--The Examination--The
Bill carried in both Houses--Condemnation--Cromwell's Letter
to the King--The King's hesitation--Catherine Howard--The
Queen sent away--Cromwell on the Scaffold--His profession of
Faith--His Confession and Prayer--His Death--His Character 205

CHAPTER VI.

DIVORCE OF ANNE OF CLEVES.

(1540.)

Singular impartiality--A Procession of Martyrs, three
Evangelists, three Papists--Preparations for Divorce of the
Queen-- A shameful Comedy--The King's hypocrisy--Convocation
of the Clergy--The Marriage declared void--The Divorce accepted
by Anne of Cleves 225

CHAPTER VII.

CATHERINE HOWARD, A CATHOLIC QUEEN.

(1540.)

Marriage of the King with Catherine Howard--His return to
Catholicism--Royal infallibility--Catholic reaction--Bonner,
Bishop of London--A young Martyr--The Prisons filled--The
King praised by Francis I.--Martyrdom of a Reader of
the Bible--Conspiracy against Cranmer--The Archbishop's
firmness--Charges against him--The King's hesitation--His
determination to save him--Cranmer before the Privy
Council--The King's Ring--Cranmer's Enemies confounded--The
King's love for the Queen--Terrible Revelations--Guilt of the
Queen--Cranmer's Visit to her--Frenzy of the Queen--Cranmer's
Emotion--Condemnations and Executions--The Queen Executed--Her
Guilt undoubted--Convocation of the Clergy--A sharp blow
struck at Convocation by Cranmer--Remarkable Progress of the
Reformation 234

CHAPTER VIII.

CATHERINE PARR, A PROTESTANT QUEEN.

(1542.)

Richard Hilles, a London Merchant--His Studies
and Readings--Cranmer's cautious promotion of the
Reformation--Amendment in Doctrine--Catherine Parr--Her
Character--Another Plot against Cranmer--His Forgiveness
of his Enemies--Several Martyrs--Marbeck's English
Concordance--Henry's Complaints against France--His Alliance
with Charles V.--War with France--Sympathies of the
Italians--Persecutors punished 258

CHAPTER IX.

THE LAST MARTYRS OF HENRY'S REIGN.

(1545.)

Session of Parliament--The King's Speech--The Rod and the
Royal School-master--Anne Askew--Her Trial--Examinations--Her
Release--Again Imprisoned--Her steadfastness--Her
Discretion--In Prison--Condemned to be Burnt--A Royal
Proclamation--Anne Askew tortured by the Lord Chancellor--Led
to Execution--Death of the Martyrs--Approaching triumph of
their Doctrines 271

CHAPTER X.

QUEEN CATHERINE IN DANGER OF DEATH.

(1546.)

The Queen's piety--Her rash zeal--Conversations with
the King--The King offended--Conspiracy of the Catholic
Leaders--The King's distrust--A Prosecution ordered--The
Bill of Indictment--The Queen unsuspecting--The Indictment
in her hands--Her Distress--Her Interview with the King--Her
Declaration--Rescue--Astonishment of her Enemies--Her
Forgiveness of them 284

CHAPTER XI.

CLOSE OF THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII.

(1546-JANUARY 1547.)

Disgrace of Gardiner--Two Parties at the Court--The Howards
and the Seymours--Ambition of the Howards--Proceedings against
Norfolk and Surrey--The King's impatience--Searches--A
Divided House--Execution of Surrey--Humble Appeal of
Norfolk--Inflexibility of the King--Last Hours of the King--His
Death--His Will--Henry VIII. to be condemned as a Man, a King,
and a Christian 297

BOOK XVI.

GERMANY.

CHAPTER I.

PROGRESS OF THE REFORMATION IN GERMANY.

(1520-1536.)

The Reformation a Resurrection--Pretended Unity of Rome--All
kinds of Progress produced by the Reformation--John
Bugenhagen--His Conversion--Named 'Pomeranus'--The
Reformation embraced by German Towns--Magdeburg, Brunswick,
Hamburg--Pomeranus at Hamburg--Lübeck 311

CHAPTER II.

THE PRINCIPALITY OF ANHALT.

(1522-1532.)

The Princes of Anhalt--Duke George--His
Anxieties--His Resolution--Luther's Letter--Prince
Joachim--Würtemberg--Westphalia--Paderborn--Hermann, Elector of
Cologne--Peace of Nürnberg 322

CHAPTER III.

TRIUMPH OF THE ANABAPTISTS OF MUNSTER.

(1533.)

Melchior Hoffmann--Bernard Rottmann--Rottmann's Marriage--John
Matthisson of Haarlem--John Bockkold of Leyden--Bernard
Knipperdolling--Disorders at Munster--The Visionaries in
power--Their Enemies expelled--Destruction of Books and Works
of Art--John of Leyden in power--Terror 331

CHAPTER IV.

THE ANABAPTISTS OF MUNSTER. EXCESSES.

(1535.)

The King of the Universe--Pride and Luxury--A Supper--An
Apostolate--Cruelty 342

CHAPTER V.

THE ANABAPTISTS OF MUNSTER. CHASTISEMENT.

(1535-1536.)

Siege and Famine--Vain Efforts--The Assault--Capture of
Munster--Executions--Luther's Opinion--Three Causes of the
disorder--The Finger-post 347

TRIUMPH IN DEATH.

DEATH OF LUTHER.

(FEBRUARY 18, 1546.)

Luther at Eisleben--Sense of his approaching end--Serenity of
his Faith--His last testimony--His last breath 353

APPENDIX.

Transcript of 'Indulgence' of Leo X. 359

GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUMES I.--VIII. 369

HISTORY

OF THE

REFORMATION IN EUROPE

IN THE TIME OF CALVIN.