Chapter X: Appendix: 421

ADDENDUM 422

BIBLIOGRAPHY 423

INDEX 448

GLOSSARY

=Acrogenous=, borne at the tips of hyphae; see spermatium, 312.

=Allelositismus=, Norman’s term to describe the thallus of Moriolaceae (mutualism), 313.

=Amorphous cortex=, formed of indistinct hyphae with thickened walls; cf. decomposed cortex.

=Amphithecium=, thalline margin of the apothecium, 157.

=Antagonistic symbiosis=, hurtful parasitism of one lichen on another, 261 _et seq._

=Apothecium=, open or disc-shaped fructification, 11, 156 _et passim_. Veiled apothecium, 169. Closed or open at first, 182.

=Archilichens=, lichens in which the gonidia are bright green (Chlorophyceae), 52, 55 _et passim_.

=Ardella=, the small spot-like apothecium of Arthoniaceae, 158.

=Areola= (areolate), small space marked out by lines or chinks on the surface of the thallus, 73 _et passim_.

=Arthrosterigma=, septate tissue-like sterigma (spermatiophore), 197.

=Ascogonium=, the cell or cells that produce ascogenous hyphae, 180 _et seq._

=Ascolichens=, lichens in which the fungus is an Ascomycete, 159, 173 _et passim_.

=Ascus=, enlarged cell in which a definite number of spores (usually 8) are developed; cf. theca, 157, 184.

=Ascyphous=, podetia without scyphi, 119 _et passim_.

=Biatorine=, apothecia that are soft or waxy, and often brightly coloured, as in _Biatora_, 158.

=Blasteniospore=, see _polarilocular spore_.

=Byssoid=, slender, thread-like, as in the old genus _Byssus_.

=Campylidium=, supposed new type of fructification in lichens, 191.

=Capitulum=, the globose apical apothecium of Coniocarpineae; cf. mazaedium, 319.

=Carpogonium=, primordial stage of fructification, 160, 164 _et passim_.

=Cephalodium=, irregular outgrowth from the thallus enclosing mostly blue-green algae; or intruded packet of algae within the thallus, 11, 133 _et passim_.

=Chrondroid=, hard and tough like cartilage, a term applied to strengthening strands of hyphae, 104, 114.

=Chroolepoid=, like the genus _Chroolepis_ (_Trentepohlia_).

=Chrysogonidia=, yellow algal cells (_Trentepohlia_).

=Cilium=, hair-like outgrowth from surface or margin of thallus, or margin of apothecium, 91.

=Consortium= (consortism), mutual association of fungus and alga (Reinke); also termed “mutualism,” 31, 313.

=Corticolous=, living on the bark of trees, 363.

=Crustaceous=, crust-like closely adhering thallus, 70-79.

=Cyphella=, minute cup-like depression on the under surface of the thallus (_Sticta_, etc.), 11, 126.

=Decomposed=, term applied to cortex formed of gelatinous indistinct hyphae (amorphous), 73-81 _et passim_, 357.

=Determinate=, thallus with a definite outline, 72.

=Dimidiate=, term applied to the perithecium, when the outer wall covers only the upper portion, 159.

=Discoid=, disc-like, an open rounded apothecium, 156.

=Discolichens=, in which the fructification is an apothecium, 160 _et seq._

=Dual hypothesis=, the theory of two organisms present in the lichen thallus, 27 _et seq._

=Effigurate=, having a distinct form or figure; cf. placodioid, 80, 201.

=Endobasidial=, Steiner’s term for sporophore with a secondary sporiferous branch, 200.

=Endogenous=, produced internally, as spores in an ascus, 179; see also under thallus.

=Endolithic=, embedded in the rock, 75.

=Endosaprophytism=, term used by Elenkin for destruction of the algal contents by enzymes of the fungus, 36.

=Entire=, term applied to the perithecium when completely surrounded by an outer wall, 159.

=Epilithic=, growing on the rock surface, 70.

=Epiphloeodal=, thallus growing on the surface of the bark, 77.

=Epiphyllous=, growing on leaves, 363.

=Epithecium=, upper layer of thecium (hymenium), 158.

=Erratic lichens=, unattached and drifting, 259.

=Exobasidial=, Steiner’s term for sporophore without a secondary sporiferous branch, 200.

=Exogenous=, produced externally, as spores on tips of hyphae; see also under thallus.

=Fastigiate cortex=, formed of clustered parallel hyphal branches vertical to long axis of thallus, 82.

=Fat-cells=, specialized hyphal cells containing fat or oil, 75, 215 _et passim_.

=Fibrous cortex=, formed of hyphae parallel with long axis of thallus, 82.

=Filamentous=, slender thallus with radiate structure, 101 _et seq._

=Foliose=, lichens with a leafy form and stratose in structure, 82-97.

=Foveolae=, =Foveolate=, pitted, 373.

=Fruticose=, upright or pendulous thallus, with radiate structure, 101 _et seq._

=Fulcrum=, term used by Steiner for sporophore, 200.

=Gloeolichens=, lichens in which the gonidia are _Gloeocapsa_ or _Chroococcus_, 284, 373, 389.

=Gonidium=, the algal constituent of the lichen thallus, 20-45 _et passim_.

=Gonimium=, blue-green algal cell (Myxophyceae), constituent of the lichen thallus, 52.

=Goniocysts=, nests of gonidia in Moriolaceae, 313.

=Gyrose=, curved backward and forward, furrowed fruit of _Gyrophora_, 184.

=Hapteron=, aerial organ of attachment, 94, 122.

=Haustorium=, outgrowth or branch of a hypha serving as an organ of suction, 32.

=Helotism=, state of servitude, term used to denote the relation of alga to fungus in lichen organization, 38, 40.

=Heteromerous=, fungal and algal constituents of the thallus in definite strata, 13, 68, 305 _et passim_.

=Hold-fast=, rooting organ of thallus, 109, 122 _et passim_.

=Homobium=, interdependent association of fungus and alga, 31.

=Homoiomerous=, fungal and algal constituents more or less mixed in the thallus, 13, 68, 305 _et passim_.

=Hymenial gonidia=, algal cells in the hymenium, 30, 314, 315, 327.

=Hymenium=, apothecial tissue consisting of asci and paraphyses; cf. thecium, 157.

=Hymenolichens=, lichens of which the fungal constituent is a Hymenomycete, 152-154, 342.

=Hypophloeodal=, thallus growing within the bark, 78, 364.

=Hypothallus=, first growth of hyphae (proto- or pro-thallus) persisting as hyphal growth at base or margin of the thallus, 70, 257 _et passim_.

=Hypothecium=, layer below the thecium (hymenium), 157.

=Intricate cortex=, composed of hyphae densely interwoven but not coalescent, 83.

=Isidium=, coral-like outgrowth on the lichen thallus, 149-151.

=Lecanorine=, apothecium with a thalline margin as in _Lecanora_, 158.

=Lecideine=, apothecium usually dark-coloured or carbonaceous and without a thalline margin, 158.

=Leprose=, mealy or scurfy, like the old form genera, _Lepra_, _Lepraria_, 191.

=Lichen-acids=, organic acids peculiar to lichens, 221 _et seq._

=Lignicolous=, living on wood or trees, 366.

=Lirella=, long narrow apothecium of Graphideae, 158.

=Mazaedium=, fructification of Coniocarpineae, the spores lying as a powdery mass in the capitulum, 176.

=Medulla=, the loose hyphal layer in the interior of the thallus, 88 _et passim_.

=Meristematic=, term applied by Wainio to growing hyphae, 48.

=Microgonidia=, term applied by Minks to minute greenish bodies in lichen hyphae, 26.

=Multi-septate=, term applied to spores with numerous transverse septa, 316 _et seq._

=Murali-divided=, =Muriform=, term applied to spores divided like the masonry of a wall, 187.

=Oidium=, reproductive cell formed by the breaking up of the hyphae, 189.

=Oil-cell=, hyphal cell containing fat globules, 215.

=Orculiform=, see polarilocular.

=Orthidium=, supposed new type of fructification in lichens, 192.

=Palisade-cells=, the terminal cells of the hyphae forming the fastigiate cortex, 82, 83.

=Panniform=, having a felted or matted appearance, 260.

=Paraphysis=, sterile filament in the hymenium, 157.

=Parasymbiosis=, associated harmless but not mutually useful growth of two organisms, 263.

=Parathecium=, hyphal layer round the apothecium, 157.

=Peltate=, term applied to orbicular and horizontal apothecia in the form of a shield, 336.

=Perithecium=, roundish fructification usually with an apical opening (ostiole) containing ascospores, 158 _et passim_.

=Pervious=, referring to scyphi with an opening at the base (_Perviae_), 118.

=Phycolichens=, lichens in which the gonidia are blue-green (Myxophyceae), 52 _et passim_.

=Placodioid=, thallus with a squamulose determinate outline, generally orbicular; cf. effigurate, 80.

=Placodiomorph=, see polarilocular.

=Plectenchyma= (=Plectenchymatous=), pseudoparenchyma of fungi and lichens, 66 _et passim_.

=Pleurogenous=, borne laterally on hyphal cells; see spermatium, 312.

=Pluri-septate=, term applied to spores with several transverse septa, 321 _et seq._

=Podetium=, stalk-like secondary thallus of Cladoniaceae, 114, 293 _et seq._

=Polarilocular=, =Polaribilocular=, two-celled spores with thick median wall traversed by a connecting tube, 188, 340-341.

=Polytomous=, arising of several branches of the podetium from one level, 118.

=Proper margin=, the hyphal margin surrounding the apothecium, 157.

=Prothallus=, =Protothallus=, first stages of hyphal growth; cf. hypothallus, 71.

=Pycnidiospores=, stylospores borne in pycnidia, 198 _et passim_.

=Pycnidium=, roundish fructification, usually with an opening at the apex, containing sporophores and stylospores; cf. spermogonium, 192 _et seq._

=Pyrenolichens=, in which the fructification is a closed perithecium, 173 _et passim_.

=Radiate thallus=, the tissues radiate from a centre, 98 _et seq._

=Rhagadiose=, deeply chinked, 74; cf. rimose.

=Rhizina=, attaching “rootlet,” 92-94.

=Rimose=, =Rimulose=, cleft or chinked into areolae, 73.

=Rimose-diffract=, widely cracked or chinked, 74.

=Scutellate=, shaped like a platter, 156.

=Scyphus=, cup-like dilatation of the podetium, 111, 117.

=Signature=, a term in ancient medicine to signify the resemblance of a plant to any part of the human body, 406, 409.

=Soralium=, group of soredia surrounded by a definite margin, 144.

=Soredium=, minute separable particle arising from the gonidial tissue of the thallus, and consisting of algae and hyphae, 141.

=Spermatium=, spore-like body borne in the spermogonium, regarded as a non-motile male cell or as a pycnidiospore, 201.

=Spermogonium=, roundish closed receptacle containing spermatia, 192.

=Sphaeroid-cell=, swollen hyphal cell, containing fat globules, 215.

=Squamule=, a small thalline lobe or scale, 74 _et passim_.

=Sterigma=, Nylander’s term for the spermatiophore, 197.

=Stratose thallus=, where the tissues are in horizontal layers, 70.

=Stratum=, a layer of tissue in the thallus, 70.

=Symbiont=, one of two dissimilar organisms living together, 32.

=Symbiosis=, a living together of dissimilar organisms, also termed commensalism, 31, 32 _et seq._

=Tegulicolous=, living on tiles, 369.

=Terebrator=, boring apparatus, term used by Lindau for the lichen “trichogyne,” 179.

=Thalline margin=, an apothecial margin formed of and usually coloured like the thallus; cf. amphithecium.

=Thallus=, vegetative body or soma of the lichen plant, 11, 421. Endogenous thallus in which the alga predominates, 68. Exogenous thallus in which the fungus predominates, 69.

=Theca=, enlarged cell containing spores; cf. ascus.

=Thecium=, layer of tissue in the apothecium consisting of asci and paraphyses; cf. hymenium, 157.

=Trichogyne=, prolongation of the egg-cell in Florideae which acts as a receptive tube; septate hypha in lichens arising from the ascogonium, 160, 177-181, 273.

=Woronin’s hypha=, a coiled hypha occurring in the centre of the fruit primordium, 159, 163.

ERRATA

p. 24. _For_ Baranetsky _read_ Baranetzky.
p. 277. For _Ascolium_ read _Acolium_.
p. 318. For _Lepolichen coccophora_ read _coccophorus_.

Transcriber’s Note: The errata have been corrected.