Chapter XXXVI: Appendix: Postscript to Chapter Vii1325 (3)

_Anthoceros_ L., 41

_Anthracothecium_ Massal., 316, 350

_Anzia_ Stiz., 90, 299, 339
_A. colpodes_ Stiz., 90
_A. japonica_ Müll.-Arg., 90

Archer, 28

_Arctomia_ Th. Fr., 334

_Argopsis_ Th. Fr., 105, 135, 297, 330

Arnold, 18, 261, 342, 343, 364, 368, 370, 407

_Arnoldia minutula_ Born., 190 (Fig. 108)

Arnott, Walker, 15

Artari, 39, 42

_Arthonia_ Ach., 158, 203, 278, 305, 321, 343, 361
_A. astroidea_ Ach., 202
_A. cinnabarina_ Wallr. (_see_ _A. gregaria_), 349
_A. dispersa_ Nyl., 365
_A. gregaria_ Koerb., 247, 248
_A. lecideella_ Nyl., 365
_A. pruinosa_ Ach., 145
_A. radiata_ Ach., 78, 365
_A. subvarians_ Nyl., 262

Arthoniaceae, 59, 278, 309, 321

_Arthoniopsis_ Müll.-Arg., 321

_Arthopyrenia_ Massal., 30, 316
_A. fallax_ Arn., 365
_A. halizoa_ A. L. Sm., 383
_A. halodytes_ Oliv., 383
_A. leptotera_ A. L. Sm., 383
_A. macrospora_ Fink, 365
_A. marina_ A. L. Sm., 383
_A. punctiformis_ Arn., 346, 365
_A. quinqueseptata_ Fink, 365

_Arthotheliopsis_ Wain., 327

_Arthothelium_ Massal., 321

Ascolichens, 272, 273, 281, 308, 311

Ascomycetes xix, 178 _et passim_

_Ascophanus carneus_ Boud., 180

_Aspergillus_ Micheli, 220

_Aspicilia_ Massal., 133, 136, 140 (_see_ _Lecanora_)
_A. atroviolacea_ (Flot.) Hue, 158
_A. flavida_ (Hepp), 248

Aspidoferae, 9

_Aspidopyrenium_ Wain., 314

_Aspidothelium_ Wain., 314

_Asteristion_ Leight., 337

_Asteroporum_ Müll.-Arg., 316

_Asterothyrium_ Müll.-Arg., 327

Astrotheliaceae, 309, 317, 352

_Astrothelium_ Trev., 317

Athalami, 305

_Aulaxina_ Fée, 322

_Azolla_ Laur., 41

Babikoff, 138

Babington, 18, 350

Bachmann, E., 35, 75, 76, 215, 216, 235, 247, 347, 393

Bachmann, Freda, 162, 179, 181, 186

_Bacidia_, De Not., 329
_B. acclinis_ (Flot.), 248
_B. Beckhausii_ Koerb., 262
_B. flavovirescens_ Anzi, 280
_B. fuscorubella_ Arn., 249, 365
_B. inundata_ Koerb., 372, 373, 377, 391, 392
_B. muscorum_ Mudd, 248, 368, 370, 377
_B. rubella_ Massal., 365

_Bacotia sepium_, 399

_Baeomyces_ Pers., 123, 293, 294, 330
_B. paeminosus_ Krempelh., 55
_B. placophyllus_ Ach., 293, 368
_B. roseus_ Pers., 123, 167, 195, 218, 247, 362, 367, 368, 369
_B. rufus_, DC., 123, 167, 177, 218, 237, 240, 362, 368, 369

Baranetzky, 24

Bary, de, 24, 31, 187, 209, 213

Bauhin, J., 419

Bauhin, K., 3

Baur, 51, 115, 118, 124, 161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174,
176, 177, 180, 181, 185, 255

Beckmann, 230, 257

Beechey, 15

Beetle-mites, 397

Beijerinck, 39, 220

Beilstein, 211

_Belonia_ Koerb., 316

Berg, 211

Berkeley, 252, 404

Berzelius, 210

_Betula nana_ L., 95

Bialosuknia, 57

_Biatora_ Koerb., 158, 279, 293 (_see also_ _Lecidea_), 391

_Biatorella_ Th. Fr., 331
_B. cinerea_ Th. Fr., 375
_B. pruinosa_ Mudd, 217 (Fig. 119)
_B. resinae_ Th. Fr., 355
_B. simplex_ Br. and Rostr., 217 (Fig. 118)
_B. testudinea_ Massal., 375

_Biatorina_ Massal., 245, 291
_B. Bouteillei_ Arn., 363
_B. chalybeia_ Mudd, 386
_B. coeruleonigricans_ A. L. Sm., 367
_B. globulosa_ Koerb., 378
_B. lenticularis_ Koerb., 383
_B. prasina_ Syd., 33, 61
_B._ (_denigrata_) _synothea_ Koerb., 33, 204

_Bilimbia, aromatica_ Jatta, 349
_B. incana_ A. L. Sm., 343
_B. microcarpa_ Th. Fr., 262
_B. obscurata_ Th. Fr., 262
_B. sabulosa_ Massal., 370
_B. sphaeroides_ Koerb., 385

Bioret, 320

Birger, _see_ Nilson

Bitter, 64, 79, 94, 97, 131, 140, 143, 147, 148, 149, 151, 176, 240,
242, 253, 257, 261, 267, 337, 397

Blackman, 206

Blackman and Welsford, 179

_Blastenia_ Th. Fr., 340

_Blastodesmia_ Massal., 316

Bohler, 415

_Bombyliospora_ De Not., 329

Bonnier, 29, 36, 47, 65, 189, 232, 253

Bornet, 27, 28, 32, 36, 61, 78, 136, 189

Borrer, 12, 14

_Borrera_, _see_ _Physcia_

Borzi, 28, 161, 164

_Botrydina vulgaris_ Bréb., xix, 57

_Botrydium pyriforme_ Kütz., 45

_Bottaria_ Massal., 317

Bouilhac, 42, 140

Braconnot, 214

Brandt, 103, 130

Braun, Fr., 354

Braun, L., 393

Brefeld, 189, 207

Brez, 395

Brooks, F. T., 64, 179

Brown, E. W., 402

Brown, W. H., 168

_Bryopogon_, _see_ _Oropogon_

_Bryum_ L., 392

Buchet, 90

Buddle, 4

_Buellia_, De Not., 263, 280, 291, 302, 308, 341, 347
_B. aethalea_ Th. Fr., 261
_B. atrata_ Mudd, 245, 375
_B. canescens_ De Not., 80, 366, 377, 380, 399
_B. colludens_ Tuck., 382, 386
_B. coracina_ Koerb., 375
_B. discolor_ Koerb., 388
_B. leptocline_ Koerb., 374
_B. myriocarpa_ Mudd, 50, 346, 366, 369
_B. parasema_ Th. Fr., 365, 367, 377
_B. Parmeliarum_ Oliv., 263
_B. punctiformis_, 50, 202, 207 (Fig. 118)
_B. ryssolea_ A. L. Sm., 380, 382 (Fig. 125)
_B. stellulata_ Mudd, 382, 388
_B. triphragmia_ Th. Fr., 390
_B. turgescens_ Tuck., 367
_B. verruculosa_ Mudd, 261

Buelliaceae, 311, 341

Buxbaum, 6, 10

_Buxus sempervirens_ L., 353

Cactus, 325, 353

_Calenia_ Müll.-Arg., 338

Caliciaceae, 62, 115, 175, 189, 244, 288, 309, 319, 353, 366

_Calicium_ De Not., 184, 201, 277, 319, 361
_C. arenarium_ Nyl., 376
_C. corynellum_ Ach., 376
_C. hyperellum_ Ach., 349, 365
_C. parietinum_ Ach., 202, 367
_C. trachelinum_ Ach., 196, 202, 204

Calkins, 348, 403

_Callopisma_, _see_ _Placodium_

_Calluna_ Salisb., 95, 355

_Caloplaca_ Th. Fr. (_see_ _Placodium_), 340
_C. aurantia_, var. _callopisma_ Stein., 190
_C. gilvella_ (Nyl.), 276
_C. interveniens_ Müll.-Arg., 276
_C. pyracea_ Th. Fr., 34, 388

Caloplacaceae, 311, 340

_Calothricopsis_ Wain., 333

_Calycidium_ Stirt., 289, 320
_C. cuneatum_ Stirt., 350

_Camellia_ L., 269

Camerarius, 1

_Camillea_ Fr., 276

_Campylidium_, 191

_Campylothelium_ Müll.-Arg., 317

_Candelaria_ Massal., 339
_C. concolor_ Wain., 365, 388, 399

_Candelariella_ Müll.-Arg., 338
_C. cerinella_ A. Zahlbr., 390
_C. vitellina_ Müll.-Arg., 233, 237, 369, 377, 393, 417

_Capnodium_ Mont., 179

_Carpinus_ Tournef., 240

Carrington, 12

Carroll, 19

Cassini, 21

_Catillaria_ Th. Fr. (_see_ _Biatorina_), 329
_C. Hochstetteri_ Koerb., 375

Celidiaceae, 265

_Cellidium stictarum_ Tul., 267

_Cenomyce_ Th. Fr., 295

_Cephaleuros_ Kunze (_see_ _Mycoidea_), 59, 288

Cephaloidei, 303

_Cepteus ocellatus_, 397

_Cerania_ S. F. Gray, 340
_C. vermicularis_ S. F. Gray, 194, 387

_Cetraria_ Ach., 84, 94, 200, 210, 213, 225, 241, 264, 299, 346, 350,
357, 358, 370, 388, 399
_C. aculeata_ Fr., 211, 241, 262, 299, 300, 355, 369, 384, 385, 386,
387
_C. caperata_ Wain., 264
_C. crispa_ Lamy, 387, 388
_C. cucullata_ Ach., 201, 244, 389
_C. diffusa_ A. L. Sm., 366
_C. glauca_ Ach., 201, 231, 259, 264, 347, 388, 418
_C. islandica_ Ach., 2, 94, 128, 195 (Fig. 112), 210, 212, 221, 227,
231, 241, 338, 355, 387, 401 (Fig. 128), 406, 408, 409, 411, 416
_C. juniperina_ Ach., 201, 246, 416
_C. Laureri_ Kremp., 364
_C. nivalis_ Ach., 201, 210, 389
_C. pinastri_ S. F. Gray, 145, 246, 410
_C. tristis_, _see_ _Parmelia_

_Chaenotheca_ Th. Fr., 201, 319
_C. chrysocephala_ Th. Fr., 265, 277, 288

Chalice-Moss, 3

Chambers, 43

_Chasmariae_, 295

Chevalier, 13

_Chiodecton_ Müll.-Arg., 276, 320, 323, 351, 364

Chiodectonaceae, 59, 278, 309, 323

_Chlorella_ Beij., 56
_Ch. Cladoniae_ Chod., 56
_Ch. faginea_ Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)
_Ch. lichina_ Chod., 56
_Ch. miniata_ Wille, 56 (Fig. 23 A)
_Ch. viscosa_ Chod., 56
_Ch. vulgaris_ Beyer., 42, 56

_Chlorococcus_ (?Chlorococcum Fr.), 24

Chlorophyceae, xix, 51, 55-60, 61, 272, 324

Chodat, 28, 30, 43, 44, 55, 115, 329

Chroococcaceae, 25

_Chroococcus_ Naeg., 24, 52, 82, 136, 153, 284, 311, 332, 373
_Ch. giganteus_ West, 52 (Fig. 16)
_Ch. Schizodermaticus_ West, 52 (Fig. 16)
_Ch. turgidus_ Naeg., 52 (Fig. 16), 136

_Chroolepus_ Ag., _see_ _Trentepohlia_
_C. ebeneus_ Ag., 22

Chrysothricaceae, 57, 310, 325

_Chrysothrix_ Mont., 325, 353
_C. noli tangere_ Mont., 325

Church, A. Henry, 421

Church, A. Herbert, 402

_Cicinnobolus_ Ehrenb., 261

_Cinchona_ L., 364
_C. cordaminea_ Humb., 364
_C. cordifolia_ Mutis, 364
_C. oblongifolia_ Mutis, 364

Claassen, 34

_Cladina_ Leight., 112, 122, 253, 292

_Cladonia_ Hill, 9, 13, 23, 38, 44, 55, 56, 80, 81, 95, 104, 106, 172,
213, 237, 241, 242, 257, 262, 329, 344, 346, 347, 355, 358, 372,
375, 385, 391, 399, 408
_Cl. agariciformis_ Wulf., 368
_Cl. aggregata_ Ach., 120
_Cl. alcicornis_ Floerk., 385, 386
_Cl. alpestris_ Rabenh., 125, 211, 349, 369
_Cl. alpicola_ Wain., 122
_Cl. amaurocrea_ Schaer., 118
_Cl. bellidiflora_ Schaer., 119
_Cl. botrytes_ Willd., 173
_Cl. caespiticia_ Floerk., 115, 124, 294, 296
_Cl. cariosa_ Spreng., 113, 120, 295, 296, 368
_Cl. cartilaginea_ Müll.-Arg., 122
_Cl. ceratophylla_ Spreng., 122
_Cl. cervicornis_ Schaer., 113, 120, 122, 243, 384, 387
_Cl. coccifera_ Willd., 113, 118, 368, 369, 370, 387
_Cl. cristatella_ Tuck., 367, 369
_Cl. decorticata_ Spreng., 172 (Fig. 98)
_Cl. deformis_ Hoffm., 226
_Cl. degenerans_ Floerk., 114, 117, 124
_Cl. destricta_ Nyl., 387
_Cl. digitata_ Hoffm., 113, 122, 371
_Cl. divaricata_ Meng. and Goepp., 355
_Cl. enantia_ f. _dilatala_ Wain., 112
_Cl. endiviaefolia_ Fr., 384
_Cl. fimbriata_ Fr., 51, 117, 120, 295, 296, 349, 367, 368, 370, 377;
Subsp. _fibula_ Nyl., 119, 369
_Cl. flabelliformis_ Wain., 371
_Cl Floerkeana_ Fr., 173, 296, 362, 370
_Cl. foliacea_ Willd., 112, 113, 120, 122, 240, 295, 296
_Cl. furcata_ Schrad., 117 (Fig. 70), 118, 124, 194 (Fig. 109), 212,
295, 297, 355, 368, 369, 377, 386
_Cl. gracilis_ Hoffm., 115 (Fig. 68), 122, 124, 210, 297, 367, 369, 387
_Cl. leptophylla_ Floerk., 295, 296
_Cl. macilenta_ Hoffm., 362, 366, 367, 369, 378
_Cl. miniata_ Mey., 112, 122
_Cl. nana_ Wain., 112
_Cl. Neo-Zelandica_ Wain., 112
_Cl. papillaria_ Hoffm., 195, 296, 344
_Cl. pityrea_ Floerk., 255, 366
_Cl. pungens_ Floerk. (_see_ _Cl. rangiformis_)
_Cl. pycnoclada_ Nyl., 345
_Cl. pyxidata_ Hoffm., 2, 44, 110, 111 (Fig. 66), 113, 114, 117 (Fig.
69), 118, 120, 124, 172, 227, 295, 346, 349, 362, 366, 368, 370,
371, 377, 408
_Cl. racemosa_ Hoffm., 387
_Cl. rangiferina_ Web., 56, 95, 117, 119, 120, 210, 211, 215, 227, 231,
237, 238, 253, 267, 293, 297, 349, 355, 357, 369, 386, 388, 400, 411
_Cl. rangiformis_ Hoffm., 271, 295, 366, 368, 386
_Cl. retepora_ Fr., 117, 120 (Fig. 71), 231, 351
_Cl. rosea_ Ludw., 354
_Cl. solida_ Wain., 114
_Cl. squamosa_ Hoffm., 113, 115 (Fig. 67), 118, 210, 243, 295, 366, 368
_Cl. sylvatica_ Hoffm., 95, 112, 117, 119, 271, 349, 366, 368, 369,
385, 400
_Cl. symphicarpia_ Tuck., 367
_Cl. tophacea_ Hill, 8
_Cl. turgida_ Hoffm., 369
_Cl. uncialis_ Web., 112, 120, 369, 387, 389
_Cl. verticillaris_ Fr., 122
_Cl. verticillata_ Floerk., 114, 119, 120, 124, 349, 367, 369

Cladoniaceae, 135, 292, 310, 329, 366, 370

Cladoniodei, 306

_Cladophora_ Kütz., 35, 59, 188
_C. glomerata_ Kütz., 58 (Fig. 30)

Cladophoraceae, 59

_Clathrinae_, 117, 120

_Clathroporina_ Müll.-Arg., 316

_Clausae_, 295

_Clavaria_ Vaill., 421

_Cleora lichenaria_, 399

_Cocciferae_, 295

_Coccobotrys_ Chod., 30, 40, 56, 315
_C. Verrucariae_ Chod., 57 (Fig. 24)

_Coccocarpia_ Pers., 335
_C. molybdaea_ Pers., 61
_C. pellita_ Müll.-Arg., 166

_Coccomyxa_ Schmidle, 56
_C. Solorinae croceae_ Chod., 56
_C. Solorinae saccatae_ Chod., 56
_C. subellipsoidea_ Acton, 57 (Fig. 25)

_Coccotrema_ Müll.-Arg., 316

Coenogoniaceae, 59, 291, 310, 328

_Coenogonium_ Ehrenb., 23, 35, 69, 182, 246, 291, 328, 351
_C. ebeneum_ A. L. Sm., 22 (Fig. 3), 34, 59, 328, 350, 352, 363
_C. implexum_ Nyl., 352
_C. Linkii_ Ehrenb., 213

Coenothalami, 303

_Coleochaete_ Bréb., 178

_Collema_ Wigg., 6, 9, 21, 23, 25, 30, 48, 69, 87, 132, 165, 173, 200,
230, 284, 305, 334, 367, 392
_C. ceranoides_ Borr., 385
_C. cheileum_ Ach., 161
_C. crispum_ Ach., 161, 180
_C. flaccidum_ Ach., 365
_C. fluviatile_ Sm., 392
_C. granulatum_ Ach., 368
_C. granuliferum_ Nyl., 69, 232, 243
_C. Hildenbrandii_ Garov., 202 (_see_ _Leptogium_)
_C. limosum_ Ach., xx, 21, 349
_C. microphyllum_ Ach., 160 (Fig. 91), 161 (Fig. 92), 202
_C. nigrescens_ Ach., 20 (Fig. 2), 161, 243, 245, 364
_C. plicatile_, 409
_C. pulposum_ Ach., 24, 162, 179, 186, 202, 266, 368, 385
_C. pustulatum_ Ach., 373
_C. pycnocarpum_ Nyl., 365
_C. tenax_ Sm., 368

Collemaceae, 27, 53, 69, 160, 241, 244, 266, 284, 306, 310, 334, 364,
384, 396

_Collemodes_ Fink, 162
_C. Bachmannianum_ Fink, 162

_Collemodium_, _see_ _Leptogium_

_Collemopsidium_ Nyl., 333, 374

_Collybia_, Quél., 105

Colonna, 3

_Combea_ De Not., 83

_Conida_ Massal., 265, 267
_C. rubescens_, Arn., 265

_Conidella urceolata_ Elenk., 265

Coniocarpi, 307

Coniocarpineae, 267, 273, 274, 276, 288, 309, 319

_Coniocarpon_ DC., 305

_Coniocybe_ Ach., 277, 319, 366
_C. furfuracea_ Ach., 246, 376

_Conotrema_ Tuck., 326
_C. urceolatum_ Tuck., 343

_Convoluta roscoffensis_, 40

_Cora_ Fr., 53, 246, 281, 311, 342, 352
_C. Pavonia_ Fr., 88, 152 (Figs. 86, 87)

Coralloides, 5, 6, 7, 303

Corda, 200

Cordus, 409

_Cordyceps_ Fr., 261

_Corella_ Wain., 153, 311, 342, 352
_C. brasiliensis_ Wain., 154

_Coriscium_ Wain., 285, 288, 319

_Cornicularia_ (_Cetraria_) Schreb., 388
_C. ochroleuca_ Ach., 355
_C. subpubescens_ Goepp., 355
_C. succinea_ Goepp., 355

_Corylus_ Tournef., 240

Cramer, 409

Croall, 19

_Crocynia_ Nyl., 325
_C. gossypina_ Nyl., 325
_C. lanuginosa_ Hue, 325, 373

Crombie, xxi, 7, 18, 19, 197, 260, 262, 264, 306, 361

Crottles, 415

_Cruoria_ Fr., 73

_Cryptothecia_ Stirton, 331

_Cryptothele_ Nyl., 333

Cudbear, 413, 415

Culpepper, 409

Cunningham, 35, 269

Cuppe-Moss, 3

Cupthongs, 9

Curnow, 19

Cutting, 180

Cyanophili, 308, 310

Cyanophyceae, 309; _see_ Myxophyceae

_Cycas_ L., 40

Cyclocarpineae, 273, 279, 290, 309, 324

_Cyperus_, 419

Cypheliaceae, 309, 320

_Cyphelium_ Th. Fr., 276, 277, 288, 320

_Cyphella aeruginascens_ Karst., 191

_Cystococcus_ Chod., 55, 56
_C. Cladoniae fimbriatae_ Chod., 56
_C. Cladoniae pixidatae_ Chod., 56 (Fig. 56)

_Cystococcus_ Naeg., 24, 26, 28, 34, 115, 229
_C. humicola_ Naeg., 24, 27, 40, 55

_Cystocoleus_ Thwaites, 23

_Cytospora_ Ehrenb., 204

Czapek, 211, 413

_Dacampia_ Massal., 315

_Dactylina_ Nyl., 340
_D. arctica_ Nyl., 339, 346

Dangeard, 185

Danilov, 37

Darbishire, 18, 26, 51, 64, 77, 86, 90, 92, 101, 103, 110, 130, 147,
148, 166, 167, 171, 175, 180, 181, 253, 256, 299, 324, 342, 346,
347, 377, 389

Darbishire and Fischer-Benzon, 307

_Darbishirella_ A. Zahlbr., 324

Davies, 12, 14

Dawson, 178

De Candolle, 12

Deckenbach, 59

Deer, 401

Delise, 13, 126

_Dendrographa Darbish._, 324
_D. leucophaea Darbish._, 103, 213

_Dermatiscum_ Nyl., 331

Dermatocarpaceae, 309, 314

_Dermatocarpon_ Eschw., 80, 81, 276, 288, 315
_D. aquaticum_ A. Zahlbr., 391, 392
_D. cinereum_ Th. Fr., 368
_D. hepaticum_ Th. Fr., 368, 388
_D. lachneum_ A. L. Sm., 88, 368
_D. miniatum_ Th. Fr., 56, 96 (Fig. 56), 173 (Fig. 99), 185, 241, 261,
373, 391, 392, 403

Desfontaines, 10

Diatoms, 220

_Dichodium_ Nyl., 334

Dickson, 9

_Dictyographa_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Dictyonema_ A. Zahlbr., 54, 153, 311, 342, 352

_Didymella_ Sacc., 276

_Didymosphaeria pulposi_ Zopf, 266

Dillenius, xx, 1, 6, 155, 192, 262, 304, 407

Dioscorides, 2

_Diplogramma_ Müll.-Arg., 322

Diplopodon, 270

Diploschistaceae, 310, 326

_Diploschistes_ Norm., 326
_D. bryophilus_ Zahlbr., 374
_D. ocellatus_ Norm., 247, 248, 374
_D. scruposus_ Norm., 195, 214, 241, 243, 262, 368

_Diplosphaera_ Bial., 57
_D. Chodati_ Bial., 57

_Dirina_ Fr., 73, 83, 290, 323

Dirinaceae, 290, 309, 323

_Dirinastrum_ Müll.-Arg., 290, 323

Discocarpi, 307

Discomycetes, 267, 273

Dodoens, 3

Dog-lichen, 408

Domestic animals (Oxen, horses, etc.), 401

Don, 14

Doody, 4

Dorstenius, 2, 408

_Dothidea_ Fr., 317

Dufour, 11

_Dufourea_ Nyl., 340

Dufrenoy, 42, 260, 269

_Dumontia_ Lamour., 111

Dundonald, Lord, 420

Ectolechiaceae, 69, 310, 327, 352, 363

Egeling, 234

_Elaphomyces_ Nees, 261

Elenkin, 36, 37, 258, 265, 347

Elenkin and Woronichin, 353

Elfving, xxi, 25

_Encephalographa_ Massal., 322

_Enchylium_ Massal., _see_ _Forssellia_

_Endocarpon_ Hedw., 62, 88, 89, 197, 200, 261, 288, 315, 351, 389
_E. monstrosum_ Massal., 373
_E. pusillum_ Hedw., 28 (Figs. 5, 6)

_Endocena_ Cromb., 339, 340

_Endomyces scytonemata_ Zuk., 38

Englehardt, 354

_Enterodictyon_ Müll.-Arg., 323

_Enterographa_ Fée, 320
_E. crassa_ Fée, 350

_Enterostigma_ Müll.-Arg., 323

_Erioderma_ Fée, 335

_Eolichen_ Zuk., 285, 319
_E. Heppii_ Zuk., 319

Ephebaceae, 54, 284, 310, 331

_Ephebe_ Fr., 23, 25, 27, 30, 38, 68, 201, 284, 322
_E. lanata_ Wain., _see_ _E. pubescens_
_E. pubescens_ Nyl., 23 (Fig. 3)

_Ephebeia_ Nyl., 332

Epiconiaceae, 307

Epiconiodei, 306

_Epigloea_ Zuk., 313
_E. bactrospora_ Zuk., 313

Epigloeaceae, 57, 309, 313

_Erica tetralix_ L., 95

Errera, 213, 214, 405

_Erysiphe_ Link, 188

Eschweiler, 15, 184

Escombe, 210

Etard and Bouilhac, 42, 140

Ettingshausen and Debey, 354

Euler, 214

_Eunephroma_ Stiz., 337

_Euopsis granatina_ Nyl., 282, 387

_Evernia_ Ach., 84, 95, 99, 200, 213, 340
_E. furfuracea_ Mann, 24, 38, 94, 99, 108, 142 (Fig. 81), 151, 227,
231, 233, 300, 366, 376, 403, 405
_E. prunastri_ Ach., 2, 100 (Fig. 59), 108, 210, 211, 212, 227, 233,
234, 238, 269, 300, 364, 384, 385, 396, 400, 403, 418, 419

_Everniopsis_ Nyl., 339, 340

Eversman, 404

Famintzin, 24

_Farriolla_ Norm., 319

Faull, 178

Fée, 13, 15, 184, 187, 192, 364

Fink, Bruce, xx, 242, 254, 348, 358, 365, 367, 368, 369, 373, 389, 391

Fischer, 308

Fitting, 36

Fitzpatrick, 181

Flagey, 373, 389

Florideae, 160, 177, 273

Flörke, 12, 13, 133

Flotow, 23, 192

_Fontinalis_ L., 391

_Forficula auricularia_, 396

Forskål, 403

Forssell, 63, 65, 133, 136, 163, 175, 282, 373

_Forssellia_ A. Zahlbr., 284, 333, 373

Forster, 12, 14

Fossil Lichens, 353-355

Frank, 31, 62, 78

Fraser, 178

French, xxiii

Friedrich, 75, 233, 269, 270

Fries, E., 13, 22, 149, 364

Fries, Th. M., 17, 18, 133, 138, 152, 192, 263, 342

_Fucus_ L., 281
_F. spiralis_ L., 383

Fuisting, 30, 159, 173

Fünfstück, 18, 19, 61, 75, 76, 161, 169, 170, 171, 175, 181, 216, 218,
219, 224, 342

Gage, 14

Galløe, 95, 242

Gargeaune, 45

Gasterolichens, 308

Gautier, 213

_Geisleria_ Nitschke, 314
_G. sychnogonioides_ Nitschke, 370

Georgi, 10, 420

_Geosiphon_ Wettst., 45

Gerard, John, 3, 418

Gibelli, 200

Gilson, 209

Gleditsch, 269

_Gloeocapsa_ Kütz., 23, 32, 55, 61, 68, 136, 195, 232, 284, 292, 332, 373
_G. magma_ Kütz., 52 (Fig. 17), 60, 136
_G. polydermatica_ Kütz., 53

_Gloeocystis_ Naeg., 33, 57 (Fig. 28), 61, 133, 318

Gloeolichens, 175, 282, 284, 373, 389

_Glossodium_ Nyl., 330
_G. aversum_ Nyl., 294

Glück, 198

_Glyphis_ Fée, 276, 323

_Glypholecia_ Nyl., 331

Gmelin, J. F., 152

Gmelin, J. G., 411

_Gnomonia erythrostoma_ Auersw., 178

Goeppert, 354, 393

Goeppert and Menge, 354

_Gomphillus_ Nyl., 293, 330

_Gongrosira_ Kütz., xxi

_Gongylia_ Koerb., 314
_G. viridis_ A. L. Sm., 368, 388

_Gonohymenia_ Stein., 333

_Gonothecium_ Wain., 31, 327

Gordon, Cuthbert, 415

_Gossypina Ulmi_, 399

Grammophori, 307

Graphidaceae, 59, 158, 309, 321, 351, 352, 364

Graphideae, 13, 17, 27, 34, 62, 78, 79, 172, 348, 349, 351, 353, 364

Graphidineae, 273, 278, 289, 309, 320, 365

_Graphina_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Graphis_ Adans., 9, 211, 321, 322, 343, 349, 351, 355, 361, 364
_G. elegans_ Ach., 30, 158 (Fig. 89), 172, 180, 397
_G. scripta_ Ach., 50, 349, 354, 365, 366
_G. scripta succinea_ Goepp., 355

Gray, J. E., 12, 305

Grete Herball, 2

Greville, 12

Grimbel, 250

_Grimmia pulvinata_ Sm., 393
_G. apocarpa_ Hedw., 393

Guembel, 392

Guérin-Varry, 210

Guillermond, 167

_Gunnera_ L., 31, 41

_Gyalecta_ Ach., 191, 328
_G. cupularis_ Schaer., 244
_G. Flotovii_ Koerb., 244
_G. geoica_ Ach., 254
_G. rubra_ Massal., 249

Gyalectaceae, 54, 59, 69, 310, 327

_Gyalolechia_ Massal., 201
_G. subsimilis_ (Th. Fr.) Darb., 378

Gymnocarpeae, 156, 308, 318

_Gymnoderma_ Nyl., 330
_G. coccocarpum_ Nyl., 293

_Gymnographa_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Gyrophora_ Ach., 88, 96, 184, 200, 227, 231, 241, 249, 268, 304, 331,
346, 350, 376, 390, 393, 414
_G. cylindrica_ Ach., 176, 184 (Fig. 103), 375, 387
_G. erosa_ Ach., 330, 387
_G. esculenta_ Miyosh., 403
_G. flocculosa_ Turn. and Borr., 375
_G. murina_ Ach., 94
_G. polyphylla_ Hook., 387
_G. polyrhiza_ Koerb., 94, 349, 404 (Fig. 129)
_G. proboscidea_ Ach., 192, 346, 375
_G. spodochroa_ Ach., 94
_G. tonefacta_ Cromb., 375, 387
_G. vellea_ Ach., 74, 176

Gyrophoraceae, 291, 310, 330

_Gyrostomum_ Fr., 326

Haberlandt, 106, 188

_Haematomma_ Massal., 230, 236, 338
_H. coccineum_ Koerb., 214, 223, 226
_H. elatinum_ Koerb., 201
_H. ventosum_ Massal., 214, 225, 241, 252, 298, 375, 376, 388, 393

_Hagenia ciliaris_, 24

Haller, 7, 126

_Halopyrenula_ Müll.-Arg., 318

Halsey, 14

Hamlet and Plowright, 213

Harmand, 63

Harper, 167, 178, 181, 188

_Harpidium_ Koerb., 298, 338
_H. rutilans_ Koerb., 298

Harriman, 14

_Hassea_ A. Zahlbr., 319

Hedlund, 32, 61, 204, 245

Hedwig, 142, 156, 184, 192

_Helix hortensis_, 396
_H. cingulata_, 396

Hellbom, 350, 411

_Helminthocarpon_ Fée, 322

Henneguy, 410, 411, 420

_Heppia_ Naeg., 81, 175, 285, 335, 348, 351, 389
_H. Depreauxii_ Tuck., 368
_H. Guepini_ Nyl., 80, 88, 96
_H. virescens_ Nyl., 368

Heppiaceae, 54, 285, 310

Herberger, 221

Herissey, 213

Herre, 230, 253, 349

Hesse, 12, 221, 224

_Heterocarpon_ Müll.-Arg., 315

_Heterodea_ Nyl., 339
_H. Mülleri_ Nyl., 128, 299, 339, 350

Heterogenei, 303

_Heteromyces_ Müll.-Arg., 293, 330

_Heufleria_ Trev., 317

Hicks, 24

_Hildenbrandtia_ Nardo, 73

Hill, Sir John, 8, 409

Hoffmann, 10, 154, 412, 415

Hofmann, 261

Holl, 19

Holle, 14, 46, 187

Holmes, 19, 422

Homogenei, 303

_Homopsella_ Nyl., 334

Homothalami, 305

_Homothecium_ Mont., 334

Hooker, 12, 15, 149

Hornschuch, xx, 156

How, 3

Howe, Heber, 85, 224, 348

Hudson, 7, 9, 303

Hue, 11, 16, 18, 33, 57, 63, 69, 73, 82, 85, 103, 133, 135, 136, 140,
188, 262, 283, 315, 325, 339, 340, 342, 347, 348, 360, 396, 418

Hulth, 215

Hutchins, 14

Hutchinson, 403

_Hydrothyria_ Russ., 336
_H. venosa_ Russ., 97, 175, 233, 286, 348, 390

_Hymenobolina parasitica_ Zuk., 267, 399

Hymenolichens, xix, 54, 152-154, 273, 281, 308, 311, 335, 342

Hymenomycetes, xix, 153 _et passim_

Hyphomycetes, xix, 191

_Hypnum_ L., 392
_H. cupressiforme_ L., 385

_Hypogymnia_ Nyl., 94, 176

_Hypoxylon_ Bull., 12

Hysteriaceae, 273, 307

_Hysterium_ Tode, 12

Iceland Moss, 210, 401 _et passim_

_Icmadophila_ Massal., 166, 338
_I. aeruginosa_ Mudd, _see_ _I. ericetorum_
_I. ericetorum_ A. Zahlbr., 196, 244, 370

_Illosporium carneum_ Fr., 268

_Ingaderia_ Darbish., 324

Iris, white, 419

_Isidium_ Ach., 149
_I. corallinum_ Ach., 149
_I. Westringii_ Ach., 149

Istvanffi, 202, 206

Itzigsohn, 17, 23, 24, 193

Jaczewski, 353

Jasmine, oil of, 419

Jatta, 129

_Jenmania_ Wächt., 333, 352

Jennings, Vaughan, 60

Jesuit’s bark, 10

John, 250

Johnson, C. P., 401, 402

Johnson, W., 19

Johow, 153

_Jonaspis_ Th. Fr., 328

Joshua, 19

Jumelle, 230, 238

Kajanus (Nilson), 151

_Karschia_ Koerb., 280
_K. destructans_ Tobl., 265
_K. lignyota_ Sacc., 280

Keeble, 41

Keegan, 224, 410

Keiszler, 201

Keller, 402

Kerner and Oliver, 215

Kieffer, 371

Kienitz-Gerloff, 51

Kihlman, 237, 358, 388, 401

Knop, 213, 247

Knop and Schnederman, 221

Knowles, 224, 249, 379, 384, 391

Kobert, 409, 410

Koelreuter, 155

Koerber, 14, 123, 142, 188, 305

_Koerberia_ Massal., 334

Kotte, 264

Krabbe, 63, 113, 114, 119, 122, 123, 124, 143, 147, 162, 170, 172, 174,
176, 177, 253

Kratzmann, 214

Krempelhuber, 1, 55, 244, 364

Kupfer, 261

Kützing, 22

_Laboulbenia_ Mont. and Robin, 178

Laboulbeniaceae, 178, 274

_Lachnea scutellata_ Gill., 168
_L. stercorea_ Gill., 178

Lacour, 211

Lang, 76, 216, 235

Larbalestier, 19

Laubert, 206

_Laudatea_ Joh., 154

_Laurera_ Reichenb., 317

Lecanactidaceae, 310, 325

_Lecanactis_ Eschw., 204, 325

_Lecania_ Massal., 136, 338
_L. candicans_ A. Zahlbr., 80 (Fig. 43)
_L. cyrtella_ Oliv., 377
_L. erysibe_ Mudd, 377
_L. holophaea_ A. L. Sm., 350

_Lecaniella_ Wain., 327

_Lecanora_ Ach., 78, 88, 200, 298, 305, 338, 347, 349, 351, 353, 364,
365, 372, 390
_L. aquatica_ Koerb., 391
_L. aspidophora_ f. _errabunda_ Hue, 262
_L. atra_ Ach., 63, 225, 249, 375, 380, 382 (Fig. 125), 384, 386, 393
_L. atriseda_ Nyl., 261
_L. atroflava_, _see_ _Placodium_
_L. aurella_ (Hoffm.), 262
_L. badia_ Ach., 79, 375, 386
_L. caesiocinerea_ Nyl., 218, 384
_L. calcarea_ Somm., 218 (Fig. 120), 373, 396
_L. campestris_ B. de Lesd., 361, 384
_L. cenisia_ Ach., 375
_L. cinerea_ Somm., 229, 349, 375
_L. citrina_ Ach., _see_ _Placodium_
_L. coilocarpa_ Nyl., 30
_L. crassa_ Ach., 79, 81, 201, 218, 367, 368, 373, 389
_L. crenulata_ Hook., 361, 377
_L. Dicksonii_ Nyl., 250, 375
_L. dispersa_ Nyl., 261, 369, 377, 384
_L. effusa_ Ach., 204
_L. epanora_ Ach., 246
_L. epibryon_ Ach., 378, 389
_L. epulotica_ Nyl., 392
_L. esculenta_ Eversm., 211, 257, 265, 298, 389, 404 (Fig. 130), 422
_L. exigua_, _see_ _Rinodina_
_L. ferruginea_ Nyl., 30
_L. galactina_ Ach., 254, 262, 360, 369, 377, 384, 386
_L. gelida_ Ach., 135, 136, 137 (Fig. 77), 140, 375
_L. gibbosa_ Nyl., 375, 384, 386
_L. glaucoma_ Ach., _see_ _L. sordida_; var. _corrugata_ Nyl., 84
(Fig. 46)
_L. Hageni_ Ach., 366, 367, 369, 377, 383
_L. hypnorum_ Ach., _see_ _Psoroma_
_L. lacustris_ Th. Fr., 233, 250, 391, 392
_L. lentigera_ Ach., 81, 90, 298, 367
_L. muralis_ Schaer., 242
_L. ochracea_ Nyl., 373
_L. pallescens_ Mudd, 213
_L. pallida_ Schaer., 78
_L. parella_ Ach., 72, 375, 382, 384, 417
_L. peliocypha_ Nyl., 375
_L. picea_ Nyl., 374
_L. piniperda_ Koerb., 204
_L. polytropa_ Schaer., 237, 376, 394
_L. prosechoides_ Nyl., 383, 384
_L. rubina_ Wain., 390
_L. rugosa_ Nyl., 366
_L. Sambuci_ Nyl., 204
_L. saxicola_ Ach., 79, 80, 81, 233, 252, 349, 369, 384, 386, 393, 396
_L. simplex_ Nyl. (_see_ _Biatorella_), 75, 77, 382
_L. smaragdula_ Nyl., 382
_L. sophodes_ Ach., 30; _see_ _Rinodina_
_L. sordida_ Th. Fr., 194, 236, 261, 374, 375, 380, 382
_L. squamulosa_ Nyl., 374
_L. subfusca_ Ach., 22, 30, 49, 65 (Fig. 34), 70 (Fig. 57), 157 (Fig.
88), 164, 166, 167, 168, 236, 347, 365, 366
_L. sulphurea_ Ach., 226, 238, 376, 384
_L. tartarea_ Ach., 57, 147, 183 (Fig. 102), 224, 225, 227, 237, 262,
346, 358, 359, 371, 375, 387, 389, 414 (Fig. 134)
_L. umbrina_ Massal., 377, 385
_L. upsaliensis_ Nyl., 387
_L. urbana_ Nyl., 361
_L. varia_ Ach., 227, 346, 360, 361, 362, 366, 367, 377
_L. ventosa_, _see_ _Haematomma_
_L. verrucosa_ Laur., 378
_L. xantholyta_ Nyl., 373

Lecanoraceae, 136, 311, 337, 353

Lecanorales, 297

_Lecidea_ Ach., 78, 184, 261, 279, 292, 304, 308, 328, 346, 347, 349,
351, 353, 364, 365, 372, 373, 385, 390
_L. aglaea_ Somm., 375
_L. albocoerulescens_ Ach., 392
_L. alpestris_ Somm., 387
_L. arctica_ Somm., 387
_L. aromatica_ (_see_ _Bilimbia_)
_L. atrofusca_ Nyl., 248, 387
_L. auriculata_ Th. Fr., 375
_L. Berengeriana_ Th. Fr., 387
_L. coarctata_ Nyl., 247
_L. coeruleonigricans_ Schaer., 373
_L. colludens_ Nyl., 384; _see_ _Buellia_
_L. confluens_ Ach., 375, 388; f. _oxydata_ Leight., 250
_L. consentiens_ Nyl., 134, 135
_L. contigua_ Fr., 375, 376, 388, 392; var. _flavicunda_ Nyl., 250
_L. crustulata_ Koerb., 369
_L._ (_Bilimbia_) _cuprea_ Somm., 387
_L. cupreiformis_ Nyl., 387
_L. decipiens_ Ach., 291, 367, 368
_L. decolorans_ Floerk, _see_ _L. granulosa_
_L. demissa_ Th. Fr., 369, 387
_L. diducens_ Nyl., 375
_L. enteroleuca_ Nyl., 164, 168, 365
_L. fumosa_ Ach., 159
_L. fuscoatra_ Ach., 200 (Fig. 114), 375
_L. gelatinosa_ Floerk., 368
_L. granulosa_ Schaer., 218, 237, 269, 291, 362, 369, 370, 377
_L. grisella_ Floerk., 243
_L. helvola_ Th. Fr., 245
_L. herbidula_ Nyl., xxi
_L. illita_ Nyl., 136
_L. immersa_ Ach., 217 (Fig. 117), 398
_L. inserena_ Nyl., 375
_L. insularis_ Nyl., 236, 261
_L. irregularis_ Fée, 192
_L. Kochiana_ Hepp, 375
_L. lapicida_ Ach., 375
_L. lavata_ Nyl., 384
_L. limosa_ Ach., 387
_L. lucida_ Ach., 246, 376
_L. lurida_ Ach., 79, 195, 241, 367
_L. mesotropa_ Nyl., 375
_L. Metzleri_ Th. Fr., 398
_L. nigroclavata_ Nyl., 384
_L. ostreata_ Schaer., 79, 145, 291, 366
_L. pallida_ Th. Fr., 135
_L. panaeola_ Ach., 134, 135, 136, 375
_L. parasema_ Ach., 183 (Fig. 101), 366
_L. pelobotrya_ Somm., 135, 136
_L. phylliscocarpa_ Nyl., 31
_L. phyllocaris_ Wain., 31, 327
_L. plana_ Nyl., 375
_L. platycarpa_ Ach., 375
_L. pycnocarpa_ Koerb., 375
_L. quernea_ Ach., 236, 349, 386
_L. rivulosa_ Ach., 374, 375, 376
_L. sanguinaria_ Ach., 187 (Fig. 105), 248
_L. sanguineoatra_ Ach., 370
_L. stellulata_ Tayl., 376
_L. sulphurella_ Hedl., 242
_L. sylvicola_ Flot., 372
_L. testacea_ Ach., 195 (Fig. 111)
_L. tricolor_ Nyl. (_Biatorina Griffithii_), 362
_L. tumida_ Massal., 375
_L. uliginosa_ Ach., 254, 291, 370, 385, 387
_L. vernalis_ Ach., 66 (Fig. 35)

Lecideaceae, 135, 241, 279, 291, 298, 310, 327, 328, 341, 346, 353

Lecideales, 290, 308

_Leciophysma_ Th. Fr., 334

Leighton, 16, 17, 18, 19, 134, 306, 342, 353, 388

_Leiosoma palmicinctum_, 397

Lemming rats, 401

_Lemmopsis_ A. Zahlbr., 334

_Lenzites_ Fr., 261, 371

Léorier, 411

_Lepidocollema_ Wain., 81, 336

Lepidoptera, 399

_Lepolichen_ Trevis., 318
_L. coccophora_ Hue, 57, 318
_L. granulatus_ Müll.-Arg., 318

_Lepra_ Hall., 143
_L. viridis_ Humb., 23

_Lepraria_ Ach., 143, 237, 305
_L. botryoides_, xx
_L. chlorina_, 376

Leprieur, 15

_Leprocollema_ Wain., 285, 354

_Leproloma_ Nyl., 325

_Leptodendriscum_ Wain., 284, 332

_Leptogidium_ Nyl., 284, 332, 350
_L. dendriscum_ Nyl., 332

_Leptogium_ S. F. Gray, 69, 84, 87, 232, 285, 335, 370
_L. Burgessii_ Mont., 245
_L. byssinum_ Nyl., 368
_L. Hildenbrandii_ Nyl., 364
_L. lacerum_ S. F. Gray, 243, 254, 373
_L. myochroum_ Nyl., 365
_L. scotinum_ Fr., 385
_L. turgidum_ Nyl., 385

_Leptorhaphis_ Koerb., 263, 316

Lesdain, Bouly de, 140, 270, 271, 366, 369, 376, 398

_Letharia_ A. Zahlbr., 84, 340
_L. vulpina_ Wain., 95, 105, 226, 228, 246, 265, 349, 364, 410, 417

Lett, 19

Lettau, 225, 227, 369, 391, 417

Lichen, xxvi, 1, 5, 9, 303

_Lichen albineus_ Ludw., 354

_Lichen candelarius_ L., 371, 415

_Lichen cinereus terrestris_, 407

_Lichen dichotomus_ Engelh., 354

_Lichen diffusus_ Ludw., 354

_Lichen gelatinosus_ Rupp, 6

_Lichen juniperinus_ L., 415

_Lichen orbiculatus_ Ludw., 354

_Lichen parietinus_ L., 371, 415

_Lichen Roccella_ L., 415

_Lichen saxatilis_ L., 415

_Lichen tartareus_ L., 415

_Lichen tenellus_ Scop., 371

Lichenacei, 306

_Lichenes Coralloidei_ etc. Hall., 7

_Lichenodium_ Nyl., 334

Lichenoides, 1, 6, 7, 304, 415

_Lichenophoma_ Keisz., 201

Lichenoxanthine, 418

_Lichina_ Ag., 163, 195, 201, 233, 281, 284, 334, 383
_L. confinis_ Ag., 383, 384
_L. pygmaea_ Ag., 195, 201, 383

Lichinaceae, 55, 99, 310, 333

_Lichinella_ Nyl., 354

Lightfoot, 9, 280, 303, 407, 415

_Limax_, 396

Lindau, 18, 34, 36, 48, 64, 67, 78, 108, 149, 164, 168, 170, 176, 178,
184, 233, 269, 330

Lindsay, xx, 16, 17, 19, 120, 193, 203, 252, 262, 266, 348, 354, 358,
391, 401, 415, 417

Link, 371

Linkola, 141

Linnaeus, 7, 142, 154, 304, 312, 392, 401, 409, 415

Lister, 267

_Listerella paradoxa_ Jahn, 267

_Lithographa_ Nyl., 322

_Lithoicea_ Massal., _see_ _Verrucaria_
_L. lecideoides_ Massal., 373

_Lithothelium_ Müll.-Arg., 317

Litmus, 413

_Lobaria_ Schreb., 136, 182, 287, 336
_L. laciniata_ Wain., 133, 134
_L. laetevirens_ A. Zahlbr., 2, 196
_L. pulmonaria_ Hoffm., 2, 3, 10, 90, 96, 126 (Fig. 127), 130, 195,
252, 267, 336, 400, 406, 408, 411, 416, 418
_L. scrobiculata_ DC., 130, 143

L’Obel, 2

_Lopadiopsis_ Wain., 327

_Lopadium_ Koerb., 191, 329

_Lophothelium_ Stirt., 319

Loxa (_Cinchona_), 364

Ludwig, 354

_Luffia lapidella_, 399

Lung-wort, 406, 409

Lutz, 108

Luyken, xx, 156, 184

Lycoperdaceae, 307

Lyell, 14

_Lyngbya_ Ag., 136

Mackay, 13

McLean, 385

Macmillan, 357, 391

Maheu, 243, 387

Maire, 185, 186, 189

Malinowski, 74, 371, 374

Malme, 261

Malpighi, 5, 142, 155

Manna, 404, 422

_Marchantia_ L., 1, 5

_Maronea_ Massal., 331

Martindale, 19

Martius, 15

_Massalongia_ Koerb., 287, 335

Massalongo, 16, 188, 305

Massee, 308

_Mastoidea_ Hook. and Harv., 315

Mastoidiaceae, 60, 309, 315

Mattirolo, 152

Mäule, 162, 164

Mayfield, 368

_Mazosia_ Massal., 59, 323

Mead, Richard, 407

_Megalospora_ Mey. and Flot., 329

_Melampydium_ Müll.-Arg., 325

_Melanotheca_ Müll.-Arg., 317

_Melaspilea_ Nyl., 321, 322

Mereschkovsky, 258

Merrett, 3

Metzger, 176, 240

Meyer, 13, 46, 51, 126, 143, 156, 187, 252, 258, 305

_Micarea_ Fr., _see_ _Biatorina_ Massal.

Michael, 397

Michaux, 14

Micheli, 1, 6, 142, 155

_Microcystis_ Kütz., 52, 319

_Microglaena_ Lönnr., 314

_Micrographa_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Microphiale_ A. Zahlbr., 328

_Microthelia_ Koerb., 316

_Microtheliopsis_ Müll.-Arg., 318

Minks, 26

_Minksia_ Müll.-Arg., 323

Mites, 395, 397

Miyoshi, 256, 403

_Mnium hornum_ L., 65 (Fig. 35)

Moebius, 62

Mohl, 185, 186

Molisch, 250

Möller, 49, 154, 196, 202, 203

_Moma orion_, 399

_Monas Lens_, xx

_Monascus_, Van Teigh., 178

Montagne, 15

Moreau, xxi, 168, 175, 176, 212, 266

_Moriola_ Norm., 313

Moriolaceae, 309, 313

Morison, 1, 4, 5, 155, 304

Moss, 356

Mousse des Chênes, 418

Mudd, 16, 17, 19

Muenster, 354

Mühlenberg, 14

Mulder, 210

Müller(-Argau), 18, 26, 191, 192, 205, 278, 307, 353, 405

Müller, K., 212

Müllerella Hepp, 275

_Musco-fungus_, 1

_Muscus_, 1

_Muscus cranii humani_, 413

Musk, 419

Mycetozoon on Lichens, 267

_Mycoblastus_ Norm., 329
_M. sanguinarius_ Th. Fr., 188; _see_ _Lecidea_

_Mycocalicium_ Rehm, 277
_M. parietinum_ Rehm, 277

_Mycoconiocybe_ Rehm, 277

_Mycoidea_ Cunningh., 35, 59, 309, 318, 352, 363
_M. parasitica_ Cunningh., 36, 59 (Fig. 31), 60

Mycoideaceae, 59

Mycoporaceae, 309, 318, 352

Mycoporellum Zahlbr., 159, 318

Mycoporum Flot., 159, 276, 318

_Mycosphaerella_ Johans., 39

Mycosphaerellaceae, 275

Myriangiacei, 306

_Myxodictyon_ Massal., 338

Myxophyceae, xix, 51, 52-55, 60, 68, 272, 324, 385

_Narcyria monilifera_, 399

Necker, 123, 154

Nees von Esenbeck, xxiv

_Neophyllis_ Wils., 330, 351

_Nephroma_ Ach., 63, 135, 136, 169, 244, 286, 337, 348
_N. expallidum_ Nyl., 139 (Fig. 79)

_Nephromium_ Nyl., 63, 158, 175, 200, 222, 244, 283, 286, 337, 349, 351
_N. laevigatum_ Nyl., 195
_N. lusitanicum_ Nyl., 228, 246
_N. tomentosum_ Nyl., 87, 128, 169

_Nephromopsis_ Müll.-Arg., 158, 244, 339

Neubert, 410

Neubner, 62, 175, 189, 288

_Neuropogon_ Flot. and Nees, 346

Nienburg, 38, 64, 123, 166, 167, 168, 169, 177, 185, 196, 240

Nilson, 147, 151, 250, 358, 389

Norman, 16, 313

_Normandina_ Nyl., _see_ _Coriscium_

_Normandina_ Wain., 315

_Nostoc_ Vauch., 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 32, 42, 53, 61, 63, 69, 136,
138, 232, 246, 266, 285, 309 _et seq._, 396
_N. coerulescens_ Lyngb., 53 (Fig. 18)
_N. lichenoides_ Kütz., xx, 54
_N. Linckia_ Born., 53 (Fig. 18)
_N. sphaericum_ Vauch., 54
_N. symbioticum_, 45

Nostocaceae, 25, 53

Notaris, De, 1, 15, 16

_Notaspis lutorum_, 397

_Nyctalis_ Fr., 261

Nylander, xxi, 7, 8, 16, 18, 25, 30, 52, 126, 131, 135, 136, 152, 197,
228, 262, 306, 325, 350, 353, 360, 383

_Nylanderiella_ Hue, 315

_Obryzum_ Wallr., 263

_Ocellularia_ Spreng., 326

_Ochrolechia_ Massal., 338
_O. pallescens_ Koerb., 187 (Fig. 106), 213

_Ochrophaeae_ Wain., 295

Officinal barks, 15

Ohlert, 234

Oidia, 189

Olivier, 342

_Omphalaria_ Dur. and Mont., 348, 373, 393
_O. Heppii_ Müll., 63
_O. pulvinata_ Nyl., 373

_Oniscus_, 396

_Oospora_ Wallr., 45

_Opegrapha_ Ach., 11, 13, 35, 184, 304, 321, 322, 353, 354, 361
_O. atra_ Pers., 15, 202
_O. calcarea_ Turn., 383
_O. endoleuca_ Nyl., 243
_O. hapalea_ Ach., 243
_O. saxicola_ Ach., 216, 219
_O. subsiderella_ Nyl., 50, 202, 349
_O. Thomasiana_ Goepp., 354
_O. varia_ Pers., 354, 365
_O. vulgata_ Ach., 30
_O. zonata_ Koerb., 392

_Opegraphella_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Orbilia coccinella_ Karst., 261

Orchil lichen, 412, 416

_Oribata Parmeliae_, 397

Oribatidae, 397

_Oropogon_ Fr., 340
_O. loxensis_ Th. Fr., 130, 210, 352

_Orphniospora_ Koerb., 329

_Orthidium_, 191

Orthoptera, 397

_Oscillaria_ Bosc., 24

_Pachyphiale_ Lönnr., 328

_Padina Pavonia_ Gaillon, 153

_Palmella_ Lyngb., 24, 57, 232, 278, 282, 289, 309, 321, 338, 353
_P. botryoides_ Kütz., 313

_Pannaria_ Del., 61, 79, 81, 135, 168, 175, 336, 392
_P. brunnea_ Massal., 244, 370
_P. microphylla_ Massal., 81, 244
_P. pezizoides_ Leight., 63
_P. rubiginosa_ Del., 283
_P. triptophylla_ Nyl., 244

Pannariaceae, 54, 135, 285, 287, 311, 335

_Pannoparmelia_ Darbish., 338
_P. anzioides_ Darbish., 90 (Fig. 51)

Paracelsus, 407

Paratheliaceae, 309, 316, 352

_Parathelium_ Müll.-Arg., 317

Parfitt, 95

Parkinson, 3, 407

Parmelei, 353

_Parmelia_ Ach., 84, 86, 93, 94, 95, 133, 200, 213, 227, 231, 238, 241,
242, 249, 260, 264, 267, 269, 299, 300, 305, 346, 347, 348, 349,
351, 354, 364, 372, 414
_P. acetabulum_ Dub., 30, 167, 169 (Fig. 96), 170, 180, 195 (Fig.
111), 231, 255, 259, 360
_P. adglutinata_ Floerk., 365
_P. aleurites_ Ach., 364
_P. alpicola_ Fr., 18, 350, 387
_P. aspidota_ Rosend. (_see_ _P. exasperata_), 92 (Fig. 53), 170, 338
_P. Borreri_ Turn., 265; _see_ _P. dubia_
_P. caperata_ Ach., 88 (Fig. 49), 253, 255, 365, 366, 395
_P. cetrata_ Ach., 92
_P. conspersa_ Ach., 194, 241, 242, 355, 369, 376, 416, 417
_P. crinita_ Nyl., 365
_P. dubia_ Schaer., 377
_P. encausta_ Ach., 268, 388, 393
_P. enteromorpha_ Ach., 131
_P. exasperata_ Carroll, 62, 129 (Fig. 74), 132, 196
_P. farinacea_ Bitt., 131, 143
_P. fuliginosa_ Nyl., 247, 361, 376, 386
_P. glabra_ Nyl., 87, 170, 176
_P. glabratula_ Lamy, 170
_P. glomellifera_ Nyl., 249, 251
_P. hyperopta_ Ach., 261
_P. isidiophora_ A. Zahlbr., 66
_P. Kamtschadalis_ Eschw., 300
_P. lacunosa_ Meng. and Goepp., 355
_P. lanata_ Wallr., _see_ _P. pubescens_
_P. locarensis_ Zopf., 249
_P. molliuscula_ Ach., 265
_P. Mougeotii_ Schaer., 375
_P. obscurata_ DC., 64, 131, 176, 242
_P. olivacea_ Ach., 247, 365
_P. omphalodes_ Ach., 3, 260, 375, 387, 415 (Fig. 135)
_P. papulosa_ Rosend., 150, 214, 219
_P. perforata_ Hook. (?), 365
_P. perlata_ Ach., 92, 114, 213, 237, 243, 262, 353, 363, 403, 416
_P. pertusa_ Schaer., 131
_P. physodes_ Ach., 64, 91, 144 (Fig. 83), 146 (Fig. 84), 156, 194,
234, 237, 242, 253, 262, 299, 355, 361, 363, 366, 384, 385, 416
_P. pilosella_ Hue, 92
_P. proboscidea_ Tayl., 92, 150
_P. prolixa_ Carroll, 241, 249, 382
_P. pubescens_ Wain., 85, 299, 300, 350, 375, 387
_P. revoluta_ Floerk., 247, 259 (Fig. 121)
_P. saxatilis_ Ach., 169, 170, 242, 243, 253, 260, 355, 361, 365, 366,
375, 386, 387, 393, 407 (Fig. 131), 416
_P. scortea_ Ach., 150, 366
_P. stygia_ Ach., 130, 299, 350, 375, 387, 393
_P. subaurifera_ Nyl., 143, 226, 246, 377
_P. sulcata_ Tayl., 144, 361
_P. tiliacea_ Ach., 164, 170, 252, 365
_P. tristis_ Wallr., 88, 130, 247, 375, 387
_P. verruculifera_ Nyl., 87, 143, 214
_P. vittata_ Nyl., 131, 143

Parmeliaceae, 200, 287, 298, 311

Parmeliales, 308

_Parmeliella_ Müll.-Arg., 81, 286, 336

_Parmeliopsis_ Nyl., 339

_Parmentaria_ Fée, 317

_Patellaria_ Fr., 280

Patellariaceae, 278

_Patinella_ Sacc., 279
_P. atroviridis_ Rehm, 278

Patouillard, 389

_Paulia_ Fée, 284, 333, 352

Paulson, 244, 254, 366

Paulson and Hastings, 28, 38, 44, 56, 260

Paulson and Thompson, 254, 361, 369, 377, 397

_Peccania_ Forss., 284, 333, 373

Peirce, xxiii, 33, 34, 108, 258, 359

Peltati, 305

_Peltidea_ Ach., 63, 286; _see_ _Peltigera_

_Peltigera_ Willd., 3, 42, 53, 61, 63, 88, 135, 136, 137, 168, 175, 186,
204, 212, 213, 222, 232, 242, 257, 266, 283, 286, 337, 346, 349,
355, 367, 384, 385, 392
_P. americana_ Wain., 351
_P. aphthosa_ Willd., 26, 87, 133, 138 (Fig. 78 A, B), 141, 211, 262,
347, 359, 370, 406
_P. canina_ Willd., 24, 51, 84 (Fig. 47), 87, 89 (Fig. 50), 93 (Figs.
54, 55), 97, 185, 213, 254, 262, 359, 367, 370, 394, 396, 407, 418
_P. horizontalis_ Hoffm., 169, 244
_P. lepidophora_ (Nyl.) Bitt., 140
_P. leptoderma_ Nyl., 351
_P. malacea_ Fr., 169, 370
_P. polydactyla_ Hoffm., 51, 244, 266, 368
_P. rufescens_ Hoffm., 169, 386
_P. spuria_ Leight., 268, 369
_P. spuriella_ Wain., 351
_P. venosa_ Hoffm., 244, 347

Peltigeraceae, 54, 135, 283, 286, 287, 311, 336

_Pelvetia canaliculata_ Dec. and Thur., 39

_Pentagenella_ Darbish., 83, 324

_Perforaria_ Müll.-Arg., 337

Persio, 413

Persoon, 10, 21, 123, 156, 395

_Pertusaria_ DC., 34, 73, 85, 86, 88, 170, 180, 186, 213, 246, 253,
337, 414
_P. amara_ Ach., 148, 236, 243, 349, 361, 366, 408 (Fig. 132)
_P. communis_ DC., 50, 202, 214 (Fig. 116), 255, 269, 366, 393
_P. concreta_ Nyl., 382
_P. corallina_ (Ach.) Bachm., 374
_P. dactylina_ Nyl., 387
_P. dealbata_ Cromb., 215, 375, 376
_P. faginea_ Leight., 396
_P. globulifera_ Nyl., 33 (Fig. 12), 236, 237, 262, 357, 366
_P. glomerata_ Schaer., 387
_P. lactea_ Nyl., 374, 376
_P. leioplaca_ Schaer., 365
_P. lutescens_ Lamy, 226
_P. melaleuca_ Dub., 417
_P. oculata_ Th. Fr., 387
_P. velata_ Nyl., 265
_P. Wulfenii_ DC., 226, 366

Pertusariaceae, 147, 311

Petch, 397

Petiver, 4, 10

_Petractis_ Fr., 327
_P. exanthematica_ Fr., 61, 75, 215, 216

_Peziza_ Dill., 157, 213, 307
_P. resinae_ Fr., 355

Pfaff, 221

Pfeffer, 220

_Phacopsis vulpina_ Tobl., 265

_Phaeographina_ Müll.-Arg., 322

_Phaeographis_ Müll.-Arg., 322
_Ph. Lyellii_ A. Zahlbr., 350

_Phaeotrema_ Müll.-Arg., 326

_Phalena_, 395

_Phascum cuspidatum_ Schreb., 45

_Phialopsis rubra_ Koerb., 174, 249; _see_ _Gyalecta_

Phillips, 252

_Phleopeccania_ Stein., 284, 333, 352

_Phlyctella_ Müll.-Arg., 338

_Phlyctidia_ Müll.-Arg., 338

_Phlyctis_ Wallr., 338
_P. agelaea_ Koerb., 174

Phycolichens, 22, 282, 283, 285

_Phycopeltis_ Millard., 59, 278, 318, 321, 322, 323, 327, 352, 363
_P. expansa_ Jenn., 35 (Fig. 13), 60 (Fig. 32)

_Phyllactidium_ Moeb., 59, 62, 288, 309, 310, 318, 327, 363
_P. tropicum_ Moeb., 59

_Phylliscidium_ Forss., 333

_Phylliscum_ Nyl., 286, 333

_Phyllobathelium_ Müll.-Arg., 318

_Phyllophora_ Grev., 111

_Phyllophthalmaria_ A. Zahlbr., 326, 352
_Ph. coccinea_ A. Zahlbr., 352

_Phylloporina_ Müll.-Arg., 318

_Phyllopsora_ Müll.-Arg., 329
_P. furfuracea_ A. Zahlbr., 329

Phyllopsoraceae, 310, 329

Phyllopyreniaceae, 309, 318

Phymaloidei, 304

_Physcia_ Schreb., 90, 94, 166, 186, 238, 301, 351, 372, 399
_P. aipolia_ Nyl., 20 (Fig. 1), 249
_P. aquila_ Nyl., 380, 382, 384
_P. ascendens_ Bitt., 270, 369, 377
_P. caesia_ Nyl., 226, 369, 384
_P. chrysophthalma_, _see_ _Teloschistes_
_P. ciliaris_ DC., 3, 46, 84 (Fig. 48), 92, 94, 99, 103, 155, 165
(Fig. 94), 166, 167, 182 (Fig. 100), 184, 185 (Fig. 104), 187, 189,
192, 243, 246, 247, 355, 360, 411, 419
_P. granulifera_ Nyl., 365
_P. hispida_ Tuck., 29, 92, 146, 164, 166, 169, 194 (Fig. 110), 241,
271, 360, 366
_P. hypoleuca_ Tuck., 399
_P. intricata_ Schaer., 301
_P. leucomelas_ Mich., 99
_P. obscura_ Nyl., 243, 360, 365, 369, 377
_P. parietina_ (_see_ _Xanthoria_), 29 (Figs. 7, 8)
_P. picta_ Nyl., 349, 353
_P. pulverulenta_ Nyl., 28, 164 (Fig. 93), 166, 181, 248, 360, 365,
366, 377, 399
_P. puncticulata_ Hue, 33
_P. sciastrella_ Hann., 369
_P. stellaris_ Nyl., 29, 365, 384
_P. stellaris_ var. _tenella_ Cromb., _see_ _P. hispida_ Tuck.
_P. subobscura_ A. L. Sm., 384
_P. tenella_ Bitt., 366, 384, 386
_P. tribacia_ Nyl., 365
_P. villosa_ Dub., 268

Physciaceae, 136, 200, 267, 300, 308, 311, 341

_Physcidia_ Tuck., 299, 339
_Ph. Wrightii_ Nyl., 352

_Physma_ Massal., 163, 284, 334, 341
_P. chalazanum_ Arn., 32 (Fig. 9)
_P. compactum_ Koerb., 163, 266
_P. franconicum_ Massal., 263

Pilocarpaceae, 310, 325

_Pilocarpon_ Wain., 325, 353; _see_ _Pilophorus_
_P. leucoblepharum_ Wain., 325, 363

_Pilophorus_ Th. Fr., 17, 125, 133, 135, 201, 292, 294, 297, 330
_P. robustus_ Th. Fr., 136

_Pinus sylvestris_ L., 94, 271

_Piptocephalis_ De Bary, 261

_Placidiopsis_ Beltr., 288

_Placodium_ DC., 80, 339, 340, 346, 360, 372
_P. atroflavum_ A. L. Sm., 386
_P. aurantiacum_ Hepp, 365
_P. bicolor_ Tuck., 136
_P. callopismum_ Mér., 349
_P. cerinum_ Hepp, 262, 365, 366, 367
_P. citrinum_ Hepp, 224, 271, 349, 373, 377, 386, 393
_P. decipiens_ Leight., 218, 369, 383
_P. elegans_ DC., 225, 241, 347, 369, 390
_P. ferrugineum_ Hepp, 346, 384
_P. flavescens_ A. L. Sm., 377
_P. fruticulosum_ Darbish., 347
_P. fulgens_ S. F. Gray, 367
_P. lacteum_ Lesd., 377
_P. lobulatum_ A. L. Sm., 379, 382, 384
_P. luteoalbum_ Hepp, 301
_P. murorum_ DC., 42, 80 (Fig. 42), 227, 241, 243, 347, 369, 380
_P. nivale_ Tuck., 301
_P. pyraceum_ Anzi, 369, 377
_P. rupestre_ Br. and Rostr., 301
_P. subfruticulosum_ Elenk., 347
_P. sympageum_, _see_ _P. flavescens_
_P. tegularis_ (Ehrh.) Darbish., 379, 384
_P. teicholytum_ DC., 369

_Placodium_ Hill (non DC.), 8

_Placodium_ Web. (non DC.), 9
_P. Garovagli_ (Koerb.) Fried., 81
_P. saxicolum_ S. F. Gray, 146, 168; _see_ _Lecanora_

_Placolecania_ Zahlbr., 338

_Placothelium_ Müll.-Arg., 285, 319

_Placynthium_ Ach., 336
_P. nigrum_ S. F. Gray, 248, 373

_Plagiothecium sylvaticum_ Buch. and Schimp., 237

_Plagiotrema_ Müll.-Arg., 317

_Platygrapha_ Nyl., 325

_Platysma_ Nyl., 8, 200, 257; _see_ _Cetraria_
_P. commixtum_ Nyl., 375
_P. corniculatum_ Hill, 8
_P. Fahlunense_ Nyl., 375
_P. glaucum_ Nyl., 10, 375, 376, 418
_P. lacunosa_ Nyl., 375

_Pleospora collematum_ Zuk., 163, 266

_Pleurococcus_ Menegh. (?), 22, 29, 62
_P. Naegeli_ Chod., 28
_P. vulgaris_ Menegh., 28, 55 (Fig. 22), 223
_P. vulgaris_ Naeg., 28

_Pleurocybe_ Müll.-Arg., 320
_P. madagascarea_ A. Zahlbr., 289

_Pleurothelium_ Müll.-Arg., 317

_Pleurotrema_ Müll.-Arg., 317

Plot, 4

Plowright, 207

Plukenet, 5

_Poa compressa_ L., 393

_Poduridae_, 256

_Polyblastia_ Massal., 48, 314
_P. catalepta_ (Ach.) Fuist., 30
_P. Vouauxi_ Lesd., 378

_Polyblastiopsis_ Nyl., 316

_Polycauliona_ Hue, 339, 340, 346
_P. regale_ Hue, 339, 346

Polycaulionaceae, 339

_Polychidium_ A. Zahlbr., 284, 332

_Polycoccus_ Kütz., 24
_P. punctiformis_ Kütz., 24, 54, 61

_Polyporus_ Mich., 261

_Polystictus versicolor_ (Fr.), 152

_Polystigma rubrum_ DC., 178, 207

_Polystroma_ Clem., 326
_P. Ferdinandezii_ Clem., 326

_Polytrichum_ L., 392
_P. commune_ L., 237

_Polyxenus_, 270

_Porina_ Ach., 204, 316
_P. lectissima_ A. Zahlbr., 249, 251, 392
_P. olivacea_ A. L. Sm., 159 (Fig. 90 A)

_Porocyphus_ Koerb., 332

_Poronia_ Willd., 13, 178

Porta, 5

Porter, 109, 270

_Prasiola_ Ag., 60, 309, 315
_P. parietina_ Wille, 60 (Fig. 33)

Prasiolaceae, 60

Propagula, 11

Protocaliceaceae, 277

Protococcaceae, 55, 288, 291, 309, 310, 313 _et seq._, 353, 363

_Protococcus_ Ag., xx, 28, 56, 62, 63, 65, 287
_P. botryoides_ Kirchn., 65
_P. viridis_ Ag., 22, 28, 44, 48 (Fig. 15), 55 (Fig. 22), 65, 313

_Pseudopyrenula_ Müll.-Arg., 316

_Psocus_, 397

_Psora_ (_Lecidea_) _decipiens_ Hook., 388

_Psorella_ Müll.-Arg., 329

_Psoroglaena_ Müll.-Arg., 315

_Psoroma_ S. F. Gray, 136, 285, 286, 335
_P. hypnorum_ S. F. Gray, 63, 81, 88, 89, 135, 246, 283, 370

_Psoromaria_ Nyl., 285, 286, 335

_Psorotichia_ Massal., 68, 163, 333, 373
_Ps. lugubris_ Dal. Tor. and Sarnth., 375
_Ps. lutophila_ Arn., 368

Psychides, 399

_Pterygiopsis_ Wain., 332

_Pterygium_ Nyl., 333
_Pt. Kenmorensis_ A. L. Sm., 392

_Ptychographa_ Nyl., 321, 322

Pulteney, 4, 14

Pulvis antilyssus, 407

Pulvis Cyprius, 419

_Pycnothelia_ (_Cladonia_) _papillaria_ Duf., 369

_Pyrenastrum_ Eschw., 317

Pyrenidiaceae, 53, 54, 275, 285, 309, 319

_Pyrenidium_ Nyl., 285, 319
_P. actinellum_ Nyl., 99

Pyrenocarpeae, 158, 273, 308

Pyrenocarpei, 306, 307, 353

Pyrenocarpineae, 273, 275, 288, 308

_Pyrenocollema_ Reinke, 334

_Pyrenographa_ Müll.-Arg., 323

Pyrenolichens 159, 241, 276, 352, 391

Pyrenomycetes 158, 267, 273

Pyrenopsidaceae, 282, 284, 310, 352

_Pyrenopsidium_ Forss., 333

_Pyrenopsis_ Nyl., 60, 68, 163, 175, 333
_P. haematopis_ Th. Fr., 195
_P. impolita_ Forss., 175
_P. phaeococca_ Tuck., 175

_Pyrenothamnia_ Tuck., 99, 315
_P. Spraguei_ Tuck., 288

Pyrenothamniaceae, 309, 315

_Pyrenothea_ Ach., 192

_Pyrenothrix_ Riddle, 319

_Pyrenula_ Ach., 200, 316
_P. cinerella_ Fink, 365
_P. leucoplaca_ Koerb., 365
_P. nitida_ Ach., 174, 194, 240, 255, 350, 354, 364, 365
_P. thelena_ Fink, 365

Pyrenulaceae, 50, 276, 309, 316, 365

_Pyrgidium_ Nyl., 319
_P. bengalense_ Nyl., 353

_Pyrgillus_ Nyl., 289, 320

_Pyronema_ Carus., 167
_P. confluens_ Tul., 178

_Pyxidium_ Hill, 8

_Pyxine_ Nyl., 301, 341
_P. Cocoës_ Nyl., 353
_P. Meissnerii_ Tuck., 353

_Quercus alba_, 359
_Q. chrysolepis_, 359
_Q. Douglasii_, 359

_Racodium_ Pers., 35, 328
_R. rupestre_ Pers., 291, 328

Radais, 42

_Ramalina_ Ach., 3, 84, 103, 110, 195, 213, 238, 244, 257, 270, 305,
340, 347, 348, 351, 359, 361, 363
_R. calicaris_ Fr., 3, 104, 147, 210, 353, 355, 365, 366, 418, 419
_R. ceruchis_ De Not., 103
_R. Curnowii_ Cromb., 104, 109
_R. cuspidata_ Nyl., 225, 271 (_see_ _R. siliquosa_), 384
_R. dilacerata_ Hoffm., 106, 130
_R. Eckloni_ Mont., 130
_R. evernioides_ Nyl., 103, 300
_R. farinacea_ Ach., 10, 239, 269, 271, 353, 366, 400, 411
_R. fastigiata_ Ach., 109, 365, 366, 400, 411
_R. fraxinea_ Ach., 104, 106, 130 (Fig. 75 A), 155, 164, 170, 195,
200, 212, 215, 300, 355, 365, 366, 400, 411, 418
_R. gracilenta_ Ach., 349
_R. homalea_ Ach., 103
_R. Landroensis_ Zopf, 109, 130
_R. minuscula_ Nyl., 103 (Fig. 62), 147
_R. pollinaria_ Ach., 109, 227, 349, 366
_R. reticulata_ Krempelh., 33 (Fig. 11), 99, 106 (Fig. 64), 253, 257,
359
_R. scopulorum_ Ach., _see_ _R. siliquosa_
_R. siliquosa_ A. L. Sm., 104, 109 (Fig. 65), 130, 224, 225, 271, 300,
379 (Fig. 122), 381 (Figs. 123, 124)
_R. strepsilis_ Zahlbr., 104, 130 (Fig. 75 B)
_R. subfarinacea_ Nyl., 380
_R. tertiaria_ Engelh., 354

Ramalinaceae, 339

_Ramalinites lacerus_ Braun, 354

Ramalodei, 306

_Ramonia_ Stizenb., 328

Rathapu, 403

Ray, 4, 407, 409

Rees, 27

Rehm, 277

Reindeer, 401

Reindeer moss, 400 _et passim_

Reinke, 18, 31, 41, 68, 123, 125, 130, 144, 253, 277, 284, 291, 307, 324

_Reinkella_ Darbish., 83, 324

Relhan, 9

Rhabdopsora Müll.-Arg., 319

_Rhizina undulata_ Fr., 181

_Rhizocarpon_ Ramond, 248, 302, 329, 341
_R. alboatrum_ Th. Fr., 365, 369, 373, 383
_R. concentricum_, _see_ _R. petraeum_
_R. confervoides_ DC., 71 (Fig. 38 A, B), 369, 386
_R. distinctum_ Th. Fr., 261
_R. epipolium_ (Ach.), 265
_R. geographicum_ DC., 73, 74 (Figs. 40, 41), 226, 236, 243, 246, 249,
252, 261, 264, 291, 346, 372, 374, 376, 380
_R. obscuratum_ Massal., 392
_R. Oederi_ Koerb., 375
_R. petraeum_ Koerb. (?), 374
_R. petraeum_ Massal., 171 (Fig. 97), 375, 392
_R. viridiatrum_ Koerb., 249, 375, 376

_Rhizomorpha_ Roth, 12

_Rhymbocarpus punctiformis_ Zopf, 264

_Ricasolia_ De Not., 94 (_see_ _Lobaria_), 168, 175
_R. amplissima_ De Not., 133, 134 (Fig. 76), 195, 197, 357
_R. laetevirens_ Leight., 357

Richard, 377, 411

Richardson, Dr, 6

Richardson, Sir John, 388

Riddle, 137

_Rinodina_ S. F. Gray, 301, 302, 341, 372
_R. archaea_ Wain., 346
_R. Conradi_ Koerb., 370
_R. exigua_ S. F. Gray, 366, 367, 377, 383, 384
_R. isidioides_ Oliv., 301
_R. oreina_ Wain., 301, 374, 390
_R. sophodes_ Th. Fr., 367
_R. turfacea_ Th. Fr., 262, 377

_Rivularia_, 55, 136, 138, 284, 333
_R. Biasolettiana_, 54 (Fig. 21)
_R. minutula_ Born. and Fl., 54 (Fig. 21)
_R. nitida_ Ag., 55

Rivulariaceae, 54

_Roccella_ DC., 3, 34, 35, 83, 103, 200, 225, 233, 242, 278, 292, 324,
351, 359, 363
_R. fuciformis_ DC., 83 (Fig. 45), 98 (Fig. 57), 101, 110, 227, 228,
349, 350, 412
_R. fucoides_ Wain., 349, 350
_R. Montagnei_ Bél., 213, 413
_R. peruensis_ Kremp., 413
_R. phycopsis_ Ach., 110; _see_ _R. fucoides_
_R. portentosa_ Mont., 413
_R. sinuensis_ Nyl., 413
_R. tinctoria_ DC., 213, 215, 227, 349, 350, 413 (Fig. 133)

Roccellaceae, 59, 83, 110, 279, 290, 309, 323

_Roccellaria_ Darbish., 323, 324

_Roccellina_ Darbish., 83, 290, 323, 324

_Roccellographa_ Stein., 83, 290, 323, 324

Rock tripe, 404

Roebuck, 401

Ronceray, 213, 413

Rosendahl, 86, 90, 93, 129, 170, 176, 214, 218, 249

Roses, spirit of, 419

Roy, 411

Ruel, 2

Rupp, 5

_Russula_ Pers., 161

Sachs, 17, 23

_Sagedia_, _see_ _Verrucaria_
_S. declivum_ Am., 251

_Sagiolechia_ Massal., 328

_Salix repens_ L., 357

Salter, 51, 393

Sandstede, 233, 384, 385

Sappin-Trouffy, 207

_Sarcographa_ Fée, 323

_Sarcographina_ Müll.-Arg., 323

_Sarcogyne_ (= _Biatorella_) _latericola_ Stein., 76

_Sarcopyrenia_ Nyl., 314

Sättler, 123, 173, 296, 358

Schade, 376

Schaerer, 15, 192

Schellenberg, 212

Schenk, 213

Schikorra, 178

Schimper, 354, 355

_Schismatomma_ Flot., 325

_Schizopelte_ Th. Fr., 83, 324

Schneider, 7, 135, 136, 139

Schreber, 126

Schrenk, 231, 258, 359

Schulte, 104, 105, 106, 177

Schwarz, 224

Schweinfurth, 405

Schweinitz, 15

Schwenckfeld, 3

Schwendener, xx, 2, 16, 17, 18, 25, 27, 36, 71, 82, 86, 92, 126, 128,
129, 142, 147, 168, 213, 224, 307

_Sclerophyton_ Eschw., 323
_S. circumscriptum_ A. Zahlbr., 322

Scopoli, 8, 21, 154, 409

Scott-Elliot, 253

Scutellati, 305

_Scutovertes maculatus_, 397

_Scytonema_ Ag., 54, 57, 61, 68, 75, 136, 153, 216, 232, 281, 284, 309
_et seq._, 318
_S. mirabile_ Thur., 53 (Fig. 19)

Scytonemaceae, 54

_Secoliga_ (_Gyalecta_) _bryophaga_ Koerb., 368

_Segestria_, _see_ _Porina_

Senft, 223

_Septoria_ Fr., 204

Sernander, 94, 140, 355

Servettaz, 45

Servit, 374

Sherard, 4, 6, 7

Sibbald, 409

Sibthorp, 9

Sievers, 230

_Simonyella_ Steiner, 324

_Siphula_ Fr., 340

_Sirosiphon pulvinatus_ Bréb., 54

Sloane, 10

Smith, Lorrain, 328

Smith, Sir J. E., 10

_Solorina_ Ach., 56, 63, 85, 94, 135, 136, 168, 175, 176, 183, 287,
337, 392
_S. bispora_ Nyl., 135
_S. crocea_ Ach., 63, 88, 140, 210, 228, 246, 287, 346, 388
_S. octospora_ Arn., 85
_S. saccata_ Ach., 155, 244, 388
_S. spongiosa_ Carroll, 135, 186, 368

_Solorinella_ Anzi, 337

Sorby, 418

Sowerby, James, 10

Speerschneider, 17, 25

_Sphaeria_ Hall., 192, 213

Sphaeriaceae, 307

_Sphaerocephalum_ Web., 9

Sphaerophoraceae, 135, 309, 320

_Sphaerophoropsis_ Wain., 291, 329
_S. stereocauloides_ Wain., 292

_Sphaerophorus_ Pers., 83, 105, 184, 277, 289, 320, 361, 375, 387, 393
_S. coralloides_ Pers., 83 (Fig. 44) (_see_ _S. globosus_), 355, 375,
387, 388, 389
_S. fragilis_ Pers., 375, 387
_S. globosus_ A. L. Sm., 346
_S. stereocauloides_ Nyl., 135

_Sphagnum_ Dill., 231, 355

_Spheconisca_ Norm., 313

_Sphinctrina_ Fr., 277, 319, 353

_Sphyridium byssoides_, 177
_S. fungiforme_ Koerb., 177

_Spilonema_ Born., 68, 333

_Spirographa_ A. Zahlbr., 322

_Spirogyra_ Link, 188

_Splachnum_ L., 5

_Sporocladus lichenicola_ Corda, 200

_Sporodinia_ Link, 188

_Sporopodium_ Mont., 327, 352
_S. Caucasium_ Elenk. and Woron., 353

Sprengel, 21, 142, 156, 184

_Squamaria_ DC., 200, 298
_S. saxicola_, _see_ _Lecanora_

Stahel, 220

Stahl, 28, 30, 62, 160, 163, 173, 266, 395

Stahlecker, 76, 235, 371, 374

_Staurothele_ Norm., 31, 62, 76, 314
_S. clopima_ Th. Fr., 391
_S. clopismoides_ Anzi, 249
_S. hymenogonia_ A. Zahlbr., 361
_S. umbrinum_ A. L. Sm., 373, 393

_Steganosporium cellulosum_ Corda, 201

Steiner, 75, 179, 190, 198, 215, 276, 312, 353, 389

_Steinera_ A. Zahlbr., 333

Stenberg, 411

Stenhouse and Groves, 228

_Stenocybe_ Nyl., 177, 319

_Stereocaulon_ Schreb., 17, 23, 83, 105, 125, 133, 135, 176, 201, 283,
292, 294, 297, 330, 346, 358, 361, 387
_S. alpinum_ Laur., 137, 346, 387
_S. condensatum_ Hoffm., 319, 388
_S. coralloides_ Fr., 125, 375
_S. Delisei_ Borg., 375
_S. denudatum_ Floerk., 137, 375, 387
_S. evolutum_ Graewe, 375
_S. paschale_ Fr., 211, 372, 385, 391, 401
_S. ramulosum_ Ach., 125, 136
_S. salazinum_ Borg., 227
_S. tomentosum_ Fr., 125, 136, 387

_Stereochlamys_ Müll.-Arg., 316

_Stichococcus_ Naeg., 62
_S. bacillaris_ Naeg., 42

_Sticta_ Schreb., 13, 63, 85, 86, 94, 136, 138, 200, 283, 287, 336, 350,
351, 364, 392
_St. aurata_ Ach., 126, 128, 223, 226, 246, 350
_St. crocata_ Ach., 128, 246
_St. damaecornis_ Nyl., 127 (Fig. 73), 128, 210, 350
_St. Dufourei_ Del., 128
_St. fuliginosa_ Ach., 126, 128, 223
_St. intricata_ Del., 128
_St. limbata_ Ach., 128
_St. oregana_ Tuck., 136, 139
_St. sylvatica_ Ach., 128
_St. Wrightii_ Nyl., 349

Stictaceae, 96, 136, 286, 311, 336, 347, 350, 418

Stictidaceae, 278

_Stictina_ Nyl., 63, 168, 175, 287

_Stictis_ Pers., 278

_Stigmatea_ Fr., 275

_Stigonema_ Ag., 23, 26, 54 (Fig. 20), 68, 136, 283, 284, 310 _et seq._,
317
_S. panniforme_ Kirchn., 54

Stigonemaceae, 54

Stirton, 331, 350

Stizenberger, 18, 128

Stone, 399

_Streptothrix_ Cohn, 45

_Strigula_ Fr., 60, 65, 288, 318, 353, 363
_S. Buxi_ Chod., 363
_S. complanata_ Mont., 35, 42, 59, 205, 260, 269
_S. elegans_ Müll.-Arg., 205

Strigulaceae, 59, 60, 204, 309, 318, 363

Stüde, 211

Sturgis, 97, 168, 175, 197, 289

_Suaeda fruticosa_ Forsk., 387

Swartz, 10, 152

Swedish moss, 415

Symbiosis, 31

_Synalissa_ Fr., 32, 33, 61, 284, 333, 373
_S. symphorea_ Nyl., 33 (Fig. 10)

_Synarthonia_ Müll.-Arg., 321

Tabernaemontanus, 2

_Tapellaria_ Müll.-Arg., 327

Taylor, 13, 149

_Tegeocranus labyrinthicus_, 328

Teloschistaceae, 311, 341

_Teloschistes_ Norm., 85, 301, 341
_T. chrysophthalmus_ Th. Fr., 92, 365, 367
_T. flavicans_ Norm., 3, 301, 341, 417

_Teras literana_, 399

_Termes monoceros_, 397

Termites, 397

_Tetranychus lapidus_, 398 (Fig. 126)

Tetrasporaceae, 57

_Thamnolia_ Ach., 83, 101 (_see_ _Cerania_), 246, 340, 389
_Th. vermicularis_ Schaer., 346, 377

_Thamnonia_ Tuck., 339

Thaxter, 178

_Thelenidia_ Nyl., 314

_Thelephora_ Ehrh., 281, 342

Thelephoraceae, 152, 273

_Thelidea_ Hue, 335
_Th. corrugata_ Hue, 335

_Thelidium_ Massal., 314
_Th. microcarpum_ A. L. Sm., 361
_Th. minutulum_ Koerb., 253, 367

_Thelocarpon_ Nyl., 331
_Th. prasinellum_ Nyl., 367
_Th. turficolum_ Arn., 370

_Thelopsis_ Nyl., 316

_Thelotrema_ Ach., 326, 343
_Th. lepadinum_ Ach., 397

Thelotremaceae, 59, 302, 310, 326, 351, 352

Thelotremei, 353

Theophrastus, 1, 2, 411

_Thermutis_ Fr., 68, 284, 332

_Tholurna_ Norm., 320
_Th. dissimilis_ Norm., 289

Thomas, N., 59

_Thrambium_ Wallr., 192, 314
_T. epigaeum_ Wallr., 254, 367, 368

Thwaites, 17

_Thyrea_ Massal., 284, 333