Chapter V: Physiology

I. CELLS AND CELL PRODUCTS

A. CELL-MEMBRANES 209
_a._ Chitin
_b._ Lichenin and allied carbohydrates
_c._ Cellulose

B. CONTENTS AND PRODUCTS OF THE FUNGAL CELLS 213
_a._ Cell-substances
_b._ Calcium Oxalate
_c._ Importance of calcium oxalate

C. OIL-CELLS 215
_a._ Oil-cells of endolithic lichens
_b._ Oil-cells of epilithic lichens
_c._ Significance of oil-formation

D. LICHEN-ACIDS 221
_a._ Historical
_b._ Occurrence and examination of acids
_c._ Character of acids
_d._ Causes of variation in quantity and quality
_e._ Distribution of acids

E. CHEMICAL GROUPING OF ACIDS 225
I. ACIDS OF THE FAT SERIES
II. ACIDS OF THE BENZOLE SERIES
SUBSERIES I. ORCINE DERIVATIVES
SUBSERIES II. ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES

F. CHEMICAL REAGENTS AS TESTS FOR LICHENS 228

G. CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN NATURE 229

II. GENERAL NUTRITION

A. ABSORPTION OF WATER 229
_a._ Gelatinous lichens
_b._ Crustaceous lichens
_c._ Foliose lichens
_d._ Fruticose lichens

B. STORAGE OF WATER 232

C. SUPPLY OF INORGANIC FOOD 232
_a._ In foliose and fruticose lichens
_b._ In crustaceous lichens

D. SUPPLY OF ORGANIC FOOD 235
_a._ From the substratum
_b._ From other lichens
_c._ From other vegetation

III. ASSIMILATION AND RESPIRATION

A. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE 238
_a._ High temperature
_b._ Low temperature

B. INFLUENCE OF MOISTURE 239
_a._ On vital functions
_b._ On general development

IV. ILLUMINATION OF LICHENS

A. EFFECT OF LIGHT ON THE THALLUS 240
_a._ Sun lichens
_b._ Colour-changes due to light
_c._ Shade lichens
_d._ Varying shade conditions

B. EFFECT OF LIGHT ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 244
_a._ Position and orientation of fruits with regard to light
_b._ Influence of light on colour of fruits

V. COLOUR OF LICHENS

A. ORIGIN OF LICHEN-COLOURING 245
_a._ Colour given by the algal constituent
_b._ Colour due to lichen-acids
_c._ Colour due to amorphous substances
_d._ Enumeration of amorphous pigments
_e._ Colour due to infiltration