Chapter IV: The African Negro: II. Bantus--Negrilloes--Bushmen--Hottentots (3)

[291] Cf. E. S. Hartland, Art. "Bantu and S. Africa," _Ency. of Religion and Ethics_, 1909.

[292] This account of the Vaalpens is taken from A. H. Keane, _The World's Peoples_, 1908, p. 149.

[293] This summary of our information about the Strandloopers, with quotations from F. C. Shrubsall and L. Peringuey, is taken from H. H. Johnston, "A Survey of the Ethnography of Africa," _Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst._ XLIII. 1913, p. 377.

[294] Schiaparelli, _Una Tomba Egiziana_, Rome, 1893.

[295] James Geikie, _Scottish Geogr. Mag._ Sept. 1897.

[296] Thus he finds (_L'Anthropologie_, 1896, p. 153) a presumably Negrillo skull from the Babinga district, Middle Sangha river, to be distinctly long-headed (73.2) with, for this race, the enormous cranial capacity of about 1440 c.c. Cf. the Akka measured by Sir W. Flower (1372 c.c.), and his Andamanese (1128), the highest hitherto known being 1200 (Virchow).

[297] _Through Unknown African Countries_, etc., 1897.

[298] _Bul. Soc. Geogr._ XIX. p. 440.

[299] _Through Jungle and Desert_, 1896, pp. 358-9.

[300] _Travels_, III. p. 86.

[301] _Im Innern Afrika's_, p. 259 sq. As stated in _Eth._ Ch. XI. Dr Wolf connects all these Negrillo peoples with the Bushmen south of the Zambesi.

[302] One of the Mambute brought to England by Col. Harrison in 1906 measured just over 3-1/2 feet.

[303] See A. C. Haddon, Art. "Negrillos and Negritos," _Ency. of Religion and Ethics_, 1917.

[304] "It would seem as if the earliest known race of man inhabiting what is now British Central Africa was akin to the Bushman-Hottentot type of Negro. Rounded stones with a hole through the centre, similar to those which are used by the Bushmen in the south for weighting their digging-sticks, have been found at the south end of Lake Tanganyika. I have heard that other examples of these 'Bushman' stones have been found nearer to Lake Nyasa, etc." (_British Central Africa_, p. 52).

[305] G. Fritsch, _Die Ein-geborenen Sud-Afrikas_, 1872, "Schilderungen der Hottentotten," _Globus_, 1875, p. 374 ff.; E. T. Hamy, "Les Races negres," _L'Anthropologie_, 1897, p. 257 ff.; F. Shrubsall, "Crania of African Bush Races," _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ 1897. See also G. McCall Theal, _The Yellow and Dark-skinned People South of the Zambesi_, 1910.

[306] "I have not been able to trace much affinity in word roots between this language and either Bushman or Hottentot, though it is noteworthy that the word for four ... is almost identical with the word for four in all the Hottentot dialects, while the phonology of the language is reminiscent of Bushmen in its nasals and gutturals" (H. H. Johnston, "Survey of the Ethnography of Africa," _Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst._ XLIII. 1913, p. 380).

[307] _Verhandl. Berliner Gesellsch. f. Anthrop._ 1895, p. 59.

[308] Of another skull undoubtedly Hottentot, from a cave on the Transvaal and Orange Free State frontier, Dr Mies remarks that "seine Form ist orthodolichocephal wie bei den Wassandaui," although differing in some other characters (_Centralbl. f. Anthr._ 1896, p. 50).

[309] From which he adds that the Hottentots "schon lange vor der Portugiesischen Umschiffung Afrika's von Kaffer-Staemmen wieder zurueckgedraengt wurden" (_Reisen_, I. p. 400).

[310] Adelung und Vater, Berlin, 1812, III. p. 290.

[311] Such are, going north from below Walvisch Bay, Chuntop, Kuisip, Swakop, Ugab, Huab, Uniab, Hoanib, Kaurasib, and Khomeb.

[312] The returns for 1904 showed a "Hottentot" population of 85,892, but very few were pure Hottentots. The official estimate of those in which Hottentot blood was strongly marked was 56,000.

[313] M. H. Tongue and E. D. Bleek, _Bushman Paintings_, 1909. Cf. W. J. Sollas, _Ancient Hunters_, 1915, p. 399, with bibliography.

[314] W. H. I. Bleek and L. C. Lloyd, _Bushman Folklore_, 1911.

[315] See W. Planert, "Ueber die Sprache der Hottentotten und Buschmaenner," _Mitt. d. Seminars f. Oriental. Sprachen z. Berlin_, VIII. (1905), Abt. III. 104-176.

[316] "In the Pygmies of the north-eastern corner of the Congo basin and amongst the Bantu tribes of the Equatorial East African coast there is a tendency to faucal gasps or explosive consonants which suggests the vanishing influence of clicks." H. H. Johnston, "A Survey of the Ethnography of Africa," _Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst._ XLIII. 1913.

[317] "The Bushmen and their Language," in _Journ. R. Asiatic Soc._ XVIII. Part 1.

[318] _Ancient Hunters_, 1915, p. 425.