Chapter XXXVII: Ruins 505

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

GENERAL PORFIRIO DIAZ _Fronts._

ARMS OF MEXICO _Title page_

BAS-RELIEF ON THE STATUE OF CUAUHTEMOC 17

HERNANDO CORTÉS 18

THE VISIT OF CORTÉS TO MONTEZUMA 20

CARVING OF THE TIME OF THE VICEROYALTY 22

HOUSE OF CORTÉS AT COYOACAN 25

THE NOCHE TRISTE TREE 26

THE FOUNDING OF THE CITY OF MEXICO 28

THE WOODS OF CHAPULTEPEC 30

THE AZTEC CALENDAR STONE 32

XOCHITL PRESENTING PULQUE TO TEPANCALTZIN 35

AZTEC IDOL 39

BANNER CARRIED BY CORTÉS 43

PORT MARQUEZ WHERE CORTÉS BUILT HIS FLEET 46

CARVINGS: CHURCH OF SANTA ROSA, QUERÉTARO 48

BURNING OF THE FEET OF CUAUHTEMOC 49

DOOR OF THE HOUSE OF CONDE DE SANTIAGO 51

SACRIFICIAL STONE 53

PALACE OF ITURBIDE, NOW A FAMOUS OLD HOTEL 54

STATUE OF CHARLES IV. 55

CARVINGS ON THE CHURCH OF LA SANTISIMA 56

IDOLS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM 57

FOUNTAIN IN MEXICO CITY 58

STATUE OF CUAUHTEMOC 60

OLD CARVING OF THE TIME OF CORTÉS 62

THE MILITARY SCHOOL AT CHAPULTEPEC 64

GATEWAY: MILITARY SCHOOL AT CHAPULTEPEC 65

HIDALGO 67

JOSÉ MARIA MORELOS 68

HIDALGO’S PRISON AT CHIHUAHUA 69

ITURBIDE 71

THE LIBERTY BELL: NATIONAL PALACE 73

CYPRESS TREE, CHAPULTEPEC 76

HIDALGO ON HORSEBACK 77

RESIDENCE OF HIDALGO, AT DOLORES HIDALGO 80

THE NATIONAL PALACE 82

THE TOMB OF JUAREZ 83

BENITO JUAREZ 85

SEÑOR GENERAL DON RAMÓN CORONA 88

SEÑOR GENERAL DON MARIANO ESCOBEDO 89

RURALES ON THE 16TH OF SEPTEMBER 91

SEÑOR GENERAL DON MANUEL GONZALES 94

GENERAL CARLOS PACHECO 95

PICTURESQUE SPOT IN THE ALAMEDA 97

A COUNTRY ROAD IN THE VALLEY OF MEXICO 100

GENERAL PORFIRIO DIAZ 102

NATIONAL MUSEUM, SHOWING AZTEC RELICS 104

NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE 105

GENERAL DIAZ AND PRESIDENT TAFT 107

STATUE OF COLUMBUS 109

THE POST OFFICE 111

POST OFFICE, WEST CORRIDOR 113

NATIONAL LIBRARY 115

HISTORICAL CORNER IN MEXICO CITY 118

A PART OF THE OLD AQUEDUCT OF CHAPULTEPEC 120

ROAD IN PUEBLA, SHOWING POPOCATEPETL 122

PRIVATE LIBRARY OF A PROMINENT LAWYER 124

CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC 126

THE PROCESSION OF THE 16TH OF SEPTEMBER 127

SEÑORA DOÑA CARMEN ROMERO RUBIO DE DIAZ 130

ESCORTING THE PRESIDENT ON THE 5TH OF MAY 132

THE TRIBUNAL, 5TH OF MAY 133

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL PORFIRIO DIAZ 135

CORRIDOR AT CHAPULTEPEC 137

STAIRWAY TO THE CASTLE OF CHAPULTEPEC 138

RECEPTION AT THE PALACE 139

CORRIDOR AT CHAPULTEPEC 141

PORFIRIO DIAZ, THE THIRD 143

SOLDIERS IN PARADE, 16TH OF SEPTEMBER 144

THE CORBIAN PALACE 146

PATIO OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 147

SEÑOR DON RAMÓN CORRAL, VICE-PRESIDENT 148

SEÑOR DON ENRIQUE C. CREEL 149

SEÑOR LIC. JOSÉ LIMANTOUR 150

SEÑOR ING. LEANDRO FERNANDEZ 150

SEÑOR LIC. OLEGARIO MOLINA 151

GENERAL MANUEL GONZÁLEZ COSÍO 152

SEÑOR LIC. JUSTO SIERRA 153

SEÑOR LIC. JUSTINO FERNÁNDEZ 154

THE LATE IGNACIO MARISCAL 155

CORRIDOR: SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING 156

STREET SCENE IN MEXICO CITY 158

COLONIA JUAREZ 159

SEÑOR DON GUILLERMO DE LANDA Y ESCANDON 161

HOME OF GOVERNOR LANDA Y ESCANDON 163

THE NEW LEGISLATIVE PALACE 165

HOME OF VICE-PRESIDENT CORRAL 167

THE PALACE OF MINES 169

SAN FRANCISCO STREET 171

POLICE HEADQUARTERS 172

AMERICAN EMBASSY 173

POLICEMAN 174

MEXICAN LETTER CARRIER 175

FEDERAL PENITENTIARY 176

GREAT HISTORICAL PARADE, SEPTEMBER 15, 1910 178

EMPEROR MONTEZUMA IN HIS PALANQUIN 179

MONUMENT OF INDEPENDENCE 182

PRIESTS AND SERVANTS OF CORTÉS 184

A PART OF THE HISTORICAL PARADE 186

NOBLEMEN WITH ESCORTS 189

SITE OF THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT. PRESENTED BY THE AMERICAN
COLONY 192

MONTEZUMA’S ARMY IN MILITARY PARADE 194

UNVEILING OF THE HUMBOLDT STATUE 196

THE JUAREZ MONUMENT 198

THE ARMY OF CORTÉS IN PARADE 200

RECEPTION HALL OF THE SPANISH CASINO 202

PATIO OF THE SPANISH CASINO 203

HISTORICAL STAIRWAY OF JOCKEY CLUB 206

THE JOCKEY CLUB 208

SEÑOR DON SEBASTAIN CAMACHO 210

FOUNTAIN IN THE PATIO OF THE JOCKEY CLUB 212

SEÑOR JOSÉ SANCHEZ RAMOS 214

STAIRWAY IN THE SPANISH CASINO 216

“ANAHUAC.” BY SEÑOR JORGE ENCISO 218

“THE MENDICANTS.” BY SUAREZ 219

GALLERY IN THE MODERN SCHOOL OF PAINTING 221

“AN EPISODE OF A FIRE.” BY G. CARRASCO 222

“THE FORTUNATES.” BY SATURNINO HERRAN 224

“THE ETERNAL VICTIM.” BY F. ROMANO 226

“A PORTRAIT.” BY HERMAN GEDOVIUS 228

“CHILDREN OF MISERY.” BY SOSTENES ORTEGO 231

“THE ROUND UP.” BY JUAN URRUCHI 232

CATHEDRAL, CITY OF MEXICO 234

WALL AROUND THE SHRINE AT CHURUBUSCO 235

DR. JOSÉ MORA, ARCHBISHOP OF MEXICO 236

THE CROWN OF THE VIRGIN OF GUADALUPE 237

THE SHRINE OF GUADALUPE 239

SANTA MONICA, GUADALUPE 240

ORGAN IN THE CATHEDRAL, MEXICO CITY 241

CHURCH NEAR COYOACAN 243

FAÇADE OF SAN AGUSTIN 244

THE SACRED WELL AT GUADALUPE 245

LUNATIC ASYLUM 247

THE GENERAL HOSPITAL, CITY OF MEXICO 250

THE CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, FEDERAL DISTRICT 252

PAVILIONS OF THE GENERAL HOSPITAL 254

STAIRWAY IN THE COLLEGE OF THE MASCARONES 256

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 257

PATIO OF THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 258

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF ENGINEERS 259

SCHOOL OF ARTS AND CRAFTS FOR MEN 260

SCHOOL OF ARTS AND CRAFTS FOR WOMEN 261

ENTRANCE TO SCHOOL OF ENGINEERS 262

SCHOOL OF FINE ARTS 262

STAIRCASE, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERS 263

NATIONAL PREPARATORY SCHOOL 264

COMMERCIAL SCHOOL 265

SAN CARLOS ACADEMY 266

MORELOS PARK, TOLUCA 268

STREET SCENE, TOLUCA 269

GENERAL FERNANDO GONZALEZ 271

GOVERNOR’S PALACE 272

MONUMENT TO COLUMBUS 273

MUNICIPAL PALACE 274

TEMPLE OF VERA CRUZ, TOLUCA 275

LEGISLATIVE PALACE, TOLUCA 276

PALACE OF JUSTICE 277

INDEPENDENCE AVENUE, TOLUCA 278

SCHOOL OF LAW 279

NORMAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS 280

MATERNITY HOSPITAL 281

TEMPLE OF MERCED 282

STATE BANK 283

GENERAL HOSPITAL 284

MUNICIPAL PALACE 286

RESIDENCE OF GENERAL MUCIO MARTINEZ 287

MONUMENT TO NICOLAS BRAVO 288

GENERAL MUCIO MARTINEZ 289

STATUE OF GENERAL ZARAGOZA 290

STATE COLLEGE 291

CATHEDRAL 292

LA MATERNIDAD, PUEBLA 293

MONUMENT OF INDEPENDENCE, PUEBLA 294

RIM OF THE CRATER OF POPOCATEPETL 295

AN OLD CHURCH DOOR 296

THE ARCADE, PUEBLA 298

THE PENITENTIARY, PUEBLA 300

PORTALES, FACING THE PARK, TLAXCALA 302

AVENUE LEADING TO SAN FRANCISCO CONVENT 303

OLD CHURCH TOWER, TLAXCALA 305

SEÑOR CORONEL PROSPERO CAHUANTZI 306

ARCHWAY ENTRANCE: SAN FRANCISCO CONVENT 307

SACRED WELL OF OCOTLAN 308

RUINS OF THE ROYAL CHURCH, TLAXCALA 309

LA PARROQUIA 311

OLDEST PULPIT AND ALTAR IN AMERICA 312

ZOCALO IN REAL DEL MONTE 314

PANORAMA OF MINERAL DEL CHICO 315

GOVERNOR SEÑOR DON PEDRO RODRIGUEZ 316

THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE 317

SAN JULIO MINE 318

STATUE OF HIDALGO 319

HACIENDA LORETO 320

XATAL MINE 321

REAL DEL MONTE MINE 321

SAN RAFAEL MINE 322

OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL RAILWAY OF MEXICO 324

DEVIL’S BACKBONE, TOMASOPO CAÑON 325

OLDEST RAILWAY STATION IN THE WORLD 327

NOCHISTONGO CUT, BUILT BY THE AZTECS TO DRAIN THE VALLEY
OF MEXICO 328

ROCK BELOW CHONEBRIDGE, NATIONAL RAILWAY 329

TEQUIXQUIAC TUNNEL 330

CAÑON WEST SALAZAR, NATIONAL RAILWAY 331

VIEW ON THE INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY 332

DRY DOCK, SALINA CRUZ 333

TELEGRAPH OFFICE IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT 334

TOMASOPO CAÑON 336

THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE 338

THE CATHEDRAL 339

STATUE OF BENITO JUAREZ 341

STATUE OF GENERAL ANTONIO DE LEÓN 342

FAÇADE OF THE CASINO 343

STAIRWAY: INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE 344

STATUE OF BENITO JUAREZ, ON THE MOUNTAIN OVERLOOKING HIS
NATIVE CITY 345

SEÑOR EMILIO PIMENTEL, GOVERNOR OF OAXACA 346

NORMAL SCHOOL FOR WOMEN 347

CORRIDOR: INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE 348

THE PORFIRIO DIAZ HIGH SCHOOL 350

THE CITY OF ORIZABA 352

THE PEAK OF ORIZABA 353

POST OFFICE, VERA CRUZ 354

OLD GATEWAY, ORIZABA 355

INDIAN WOMEN IN THE TROPICS 355

NORMAL SCHOOL FOR PROFESSORS, JALAPA 356

PICTURESQUE SCENE NEAR SALAZAR 357

THE HARBOR, VERA CRUZ 357

OLD FORT OF SANTIAGO 358

TAMESI RIVER FRONT, TAMPICO 359

SEÑOR DON JUAN B. CASTILLO, GOVERNOR OF TAMAULIPAS 360

AVENIDA PRIETO, GOVERNOR’S PALACE, VICTORIA 361

PLAZA JUAREZ, VICTORIA 361

PLAZA DE ARMAS, TAMPICO 362

A FIELD OF ZAPUPE 363

A TARPON 364

PLAZA, VICTORIA 365

TAMPICO PLAZA 366

NORMAL SCHOOL FOR PROFESSORS, SALTILLO 368

JUAREZ MARKET, SALTILLO 369

SEÑOR DON JESUS DE VALLE, GOVERNOR OF COAHUILA 370

GOVERNMENT PALACE, SALTILLO 371

STATE CIVIL COLLEGE, SALTILLO 372

GOVERNOR’S PALACE, MONTEREY 373

PLAZA ZARAGOZA 374

PALACE OF GOVERNOR, SAN LUIS POTOSÍ 375

CATHEDRAL, AGUASCALIENTES 376

THE BATHS AT AGUASCALIENTES 377

STREET SCENE IN AGUASCALIENTES 378

THE BISHOP’S PALACE, MONTEREY 379

TEMPLE OF SAN MARCOS, AGUASCALIENTES 380

THE FEDERAL PALACE, QUERÉTARO 382

CONVENT OF THE CROSS WHERE MAXIMILIAN WAS IMPRISONED 383

AQUEDUCT AT QUERÉTARO 385

MEMORIAL CHAPEL TO MAXIMILIAN, MARKING THE PLACE OF
HIS EXECUTION 386

A GENERAL VIEW OF ZACATECAS 387

THE CATHEDRAL, ZACATECAS 388

FAÇADE OF CATHEDRAL 389

STREET SCENE, ZACATECAS 390

THE CHURCH OF GUADALUPE, ZACATECAS 392

THE CATHEDRAL, DURANGO 394

THEATRE, DURANGO 395

SEÑOR DON ESTEBAN FERNANDEZ, GOVERNOR OF DURANGO 396

GOVERNOR’S PALACE, DURANGO 397

SEÑOR DON ALBERTO CINCUNEGUI, SECRETARY OF STATE 398

CERRO DEL MERCADO 398

ENTRANCE TO PENITENTIARY, DURANGO 399

ALAMEDA, DURANGO 400

THE PALACE, CHIHUAHUA 401

STREET SCENE IN CHIHUAHUA 402

MONUMENT TO JUAREZ, CHIHUAHUA 403

STATUE OF HIDALGO, CHIHUAHUA 404

INTERIOR OF THE PALACE, CHIHUAHUA 405

RESIDENCE OF SEÑOR DON ENRIQUE C. CREEL, CHIHUAHUA 406

THEATRE OF THE HEROES, CHIHUAHUA 407

ARCHWAY OF THE OLD AQUEDUCT, CHIHUAHUA 408

FALLS OF JUANACATLAN, JALISCO 410

STREET SCENE, GUADALAJARA 411

GOVERNMENT PALACE, GUADALAJARA 413

STREET SCENE, GUADALAJARA 414

DEGOLLADO THEATRE, GUADALAJARA 415

THE HOSPICIO, GUADALAJARA 416

PATIO: AMERICAN CONSULATE, GUADALAJARA 417

LAKE CHAPALA, JALISCO 418

THE JUAREZ THEATRE, GUANAJUATO 420

VIEW OF THE PORFIRIO DIAZ TUNNEL, GUANAJUATO 421

EL CARMEN CHURCH, CELAYA 422

STREET SCENE, GUANAJUATO 423

THE MANUEL GONZALEZ DAM, GUANAJUATO 424

PLAZA, COLIMA 425

STREET SCENE, COLIMA 426

CATHEDRAL, COLIMA 426

AT THE FOOT OF COLIMA VOLCANO 427

MAGUAY GROWING AT THE FOOT OF THE COLIMA VOLCANO 427

RESIDENCE OF COLONEL EDGAR K. SMOOT, MANZANILLO 428

COLIMA IN ERUPTION 429

SUMMIT OF COLIMA VOLCANO 429

PACK TRAIN ON THE ROAD TO COLIMA 430

IRRIGATING CANAL, CULIACAN 432

ENTRANCE TO MAZATLAN 433

GOVERNOR DIEGO REDO, SINALOA 434

NEW MOUNTAIN ROAD AT MAZATLAN 435

THE HARBOR, MAZATLAN 436

PLAZA DE LA REPUBLICA, MAZATLAN 437

STREET SCENE, CULIACAN 438

SEÑOR DON JOAQUIN REDO 439

CUTTING SUGAR CANE, EL DORADO 439

AQUEDUCT, CULIACAN 440

PORTALES, CULIACAN 441

GENERAL LUIS TORRES, GOVERNOR OF SONORA 443

GOVERNMENT PALACE, HERMOSILLO 444

CATHEDRAL AT ALAMOS, SONORA 445

SEÑOR DON ALBERTO CUBILLAS, VICE-GOVERNOR OF SONORA 446

BAY AT GUAYMAS 447

BANK OF SONORA, GUAYMAS 448

RAMÓN CORRAL PARK, HERMOSILLO 448

YAQUI INDIANS 449

MUNICIPAL PALACE, GUAYMAS 450

LAKE PATZCUARO, MICHOACÁN 452

THE PLAZA, ZAMORA 453

CHURCHYARD GATE, TZINTZUNTZAN 455

SEÑOR DON PABLO ESCANDON, GOVERNOR OF MORELOS 456

PALACE OF CORTÉS, CUERNAVACA 457

FLYING BUTTRESS, CUERNAVACA 458

LA BORDA GARDEN, CUERNAVACA 459

SEÑOR DON DAMIAN FLORES, GOVERNOR OF GUERRERO 461

THE PALACE, CHILPANCINGO 462

TAMARINDO TREES, IGUALLA 463

BALSAS RIVER, GUERRERO 464

HOME OF SEÑOR DON AUGUSTO PEON, MERIDA 466

THE GOVERNOR’S PALACE, GRAND PLAZA 467

SEÑOR DON ENRIQUE M. ARISTEGÚI, GOVERNOR OF YUCATÁN 468

SEÑOR DON AUGUSTO PEON 469

VIEW OF MERIDA 470

HIS GRACE, MONSEIGNOR MARTIN TRISHLER, FIRST ARCHBISHOP
OF YUCATÁN 471

CORRIDOR OF THE CURATE HOUSE, MERIDA 472

MODEL SCHOOL FOR BOYS, MERIDA 472

THE PEON CONTRERAS THEATRE 473

FAÇADE OF THE MONTEJO HOUSE, MERIDA 474

INDIAN HEMP CUTTER 474

JUAREZ PENITENTIARY, MERIDA 475

STAIRWAY IN THE PEON CONTRERAS THEATRE 476

ARCH TO CELEBRATE THE CENTENNIAL, MERIDA 476

PLAZA DE LA INDEPENDENCIA, CAMPECHE 478

THE CATHEDRAL, CAMPECHE 479

PALACE OF JUSTICE, CAMPECHE 480

STATUE OF HIDALGO, CAMPECHE 481

GENERAL ABRAHAM BANDALA, GOVERNOR OF TABASCO 482

STREET SCENE, SAN JUAN BAUTISTA 483

STATUE OF JUAREZ, SAN JUAN BAUTISTA 484

PARK IN SAN JUAN BAUTISTA 485

PAROCHIAL CHURCH, CHIAPA 486

YAQUI INDIAN DANCE 487

INDIAN MAIDEN WATER CARRIER 488

TYPE OF TEHUANTEPEC WOMAN 489

IN RIDING COSTUME--CHARRO SUITS 490

A TYPE OF THE MAYA WOMAN, YUCATÁN 491

MEXICAN BASKET SELLERS 492

SAN BARTOLO MINE, ZACATECAS 493

SUGAR MILL, ATEQUIZA HACIENDA 495

PULQUE VATS 496

BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN JALISCO AND TEPIC 497

AVENUE OF DATE PALMS, SONORA 498

A COFFEE AND BANANA PLANTATION 499

COFFEE PLANTATION NEAR CORDOBA 500

PACK TRAIN WITH SUGAR ON THE ROAD TO MARKET 502

“GOVERNMENT HOUSE,” UXMAL, YUCATÁN 504

CHAC-MOOL IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, CITY OF MEXICO 505

RUINS AT MITLA 506

SEPULCHRE, NEAR MITLA, OAXACA 506

ARCH OF THE “GOVERNMENT HOUSE,” UXMAL, YUCATÁN 507

CHICHEN-ITZA, YUCATÁN 508

RUINS AT MITLA, OAXACA 509

PYRAMID OF THE SUN, SAN JUAN TEOTIHUACAN 509

RUINS OF PALENQUE, CHIAPAS 510

“HOUSE OF THE DOVES,” UXMAL, YUCATÁN 511