Chapter VI: Preface: V (5)

=Page 15 (Review 61, 18, 30, 12, 53, 54).=

72. i_Que_ venga! Let him come! 73. Lo _siento_ mucho. I deeply regret it.

=Page 16 (Review 61, 59, 39).=

74. _Debajo de_ otro arbol Under another tree. (cf. 61). 75. Digamoslo asi. Let us say it thus. 76. Isabel y Carlos. Isabella and Charles. Carlos _e_ Isabel. Charles and Isabella. 77. _He aqui_ el libro. Here is the book. _He_ lo aqui. Here it is.

N.B. _He aqui_ is equivalent to the French _voici, voila_.

=Page 17 (Review 9, 22, 42, 39, 70).=

78. Soy yo. It is I. 79. Me voy. I am going away. Se fue. He went away. 80. _Hay_ tres amigos. There are three friends. _Hubo_ un hombre. There was a man. Un hombre como _los hay_ en A man such as there are in Africa. Africa. 8l. _En cuanto a_ mi. As for me; as far as I am concerned 82. Vamonos (cf. note 31, 4). Let us go away. 83. _Despues de_ eso. After that.

=Page 18 (Review 39, 66, 7, 15, 16).=

84. Hice fuego. I fired.

=Page 19 (Review 53, 48, 32, 41).=

85. Una idea cualquiera. Some idea or other. Cualquier hombre. Any (_or_ every) man. 86. Soy musico (sastre, etc.). I am a musician (tailor, etc.).

=Page 20 (Review 18, 41, 29, 1, 48).=

87. Dio voces. He shouted.

=Page 21 (Review 29, 39, 23, 48, 80, 18, 15, 83).=

88. _Sigo_ hablando. I go on talking. _Siguio_ hablando. He continued talking.

=Page 22 (Review 15, 39, 53, 22, 54, 32).=

89. _Me acuerdo de_ eso. I remember that. 90. Dormia. He slept. _Se_ durmio. He fell asleep. 91. _Dio_ la una (cf. 39). It struck one. 92. A su alrededor. Around him. 93. ?Que _ha sido de_ el? What has become of him? 94. ?Que hacer? What is (_or_ was) to be done?

=Page 23 (Review 64, 86, 50, 72).=

95. _Hace falta_ una corneta. A cornet is lacking, _or_ is needed. 96. _No bien deje de_ hablar. No sooner did I cease to speak. _Dejate de_ monadas. Cease your grimaces. 97. Se levanto. He rose.

=Page 24 (Review 48, 13, 8, 27).=

98. _Ha de_ ir (cf. note 3, 3). He must (_or_ is to) go. 99. Vino _a_ darmelo. He came to give it to me.

N.B. The infinitive expressing purpose is regularly preceded by _para_, but after verbs of motion by _a_.

=Page 25 (Review 77, 47, 64, 29, 88).=

=Page 26 (Review 9, 61).=

100. No encuentra nada _que_ He finds nothing to admire. admirar 101. _Cerca del_ lecho. Near the bed.

=Page 27 (Review 77, 23, 14, 81, 9, 47, 18).=

102. _Aquel_ es desgraciado, The former is wretched, the _este_ es feliz. latter is happy.

=Page 28 (Review 15, 61, 97, 89).=

103. Tal vez. Perhaps. 104. _Hay que_ hacerlo. It is necessary to do it.

=Page 29 (Review 12, 9, 98).=

105. No le hizo caso. He paid no attention to him. 106. _No_ esta _ya_ en He is no longer in the world. el mundo. _Ya no_ esta aqui. He is no longer here.

=Page 30 (Review 23, 27, 7).=

107. No _tengo_ nada _que I have nothing to do with him. ver_ con el. 108. He aqui _en lo que_ piensa. That is what he is thinking of. Eso es _de lo que_ hablaba. That is what he was talking of.

=Page 31 (Review 1, 15, 12, 79, 82, 46).=

109. Le _toco_ hablar primero. It fell to him to speak first. Me _toca_ hacer esto. It is my duty to do this. 110. Mi mujer siempre _tenia My wife was always right. razon_.

=Page 32 (Review 1, 78, 106, 80, 62, 46).=

111. Ahora bien. Now then! 112. Lo hice _de nuevo_. I did it again. 113. Lo hizo _otra vez_. He did it a second time.

=Page 33 (Review 39, 15, 61).=

114. _A fuer de_ legitimo After the manner of a genuine boticario. apothecary. 115. Vino _un tal_ Garcia. A certain Garcia came. 116. Con el libro _o sea_ con el With the book or with the manuscrito. manuscript. 117. A las nueve _en punto_ At nine o'clock sharp. (cf. 39) 118. Yo me encargo de ello. I will undertake it. 119. Tuvo mas _de_ veinte. He got more than twenty. 120. _Ya_ lo creo. I quite believe it.

=Page 34 (Review 98, 9).=

121. _Nos pasamos a_ los We went over to the Carlist party. carlistas. 122. Les dio _de comer_. He gave them a dinner (_or_ something to eat). 123. _Ni_ uno vendra. Not one will come.

=Page 35 (Review 15, 9, 6, 46, 7, 23, 99, 80).=

124. Diez franceses, todos ellos Ten Frenchmen, all of them
oficiales. officers.

=Page 36 (Review 12, 119, 101, 6, 61, 97).=

125. Vino el _mismo_ rey. The king himself came. 126. Viene _ahora mismo_. He is coming even now. 127. _Me doy por_ vencido. I acknowledge myself conquered.

=Page 37 (Review 17, 15, 99, 6, 75, 80, 21, 53).=

=Page 38 (Review 28, 15, 83, 35, 88, 12).=

128. Vamos a ver (cf. 138). Let us see. 129. Estuvo _a la_ izquierda. He was on the left side. 130. Anduvo _a ciegas_. He went blindly. 131. _Cada cual_ seguia Each one went on answering. respondiendo.

=Page 39 (Review 129, 54, 53, 116).=

132. _Es decir_ que vendre. That is to say I will come. 133. _En tanto que_ lo hacia. While he was doing it. En tanto. During this time. En esto. At this moment. 134. ?Que hora es? What time is it?

=Page 40 (Review 39, 97, 72, 133, 53, 48, 112).=

135. Se puso _de pie_ (cf. 143). He stood _erect_. 136. Lo _hicieron pedazos_. They tore it into pieces. 137. Se dejo _ver_. He let himself be seen.

N.B. The dependent infinitive often has passive value.

=Page 41 (Review 53, 72, 32, 133, 119, 27, 124, 40).=

138. _A ver_ como lo hace Let us see how he does it. (cf. 128). iA ver! Let us see! Here! Come! 139. Vino _en pos de_ mi He came after me (_or_ in my tracks)

140. No tengo _para que_ hacerlo. I have no reason for doing it. 141. _Dio_ un paso atras. He took a step backward.

=Page 42 (Review 23, 3, 9).=

142. _De alli a poco_ murio He died a little time after that.
(cf. 49).

=Page 43 (Review 32, 9, 78, 71, 39).=

=Page 44 (Review 95, 101, 72, 138, 40, 32, 23, 123, 39, 56, 132, 99).=

143. Caminaba _a pie_ (cf. 135). He went on foot. 144. Lo hizo _a fin de_ irritarme. He did it in order to anger me. 145. Eso no _hace al caso_. That is not to the point.

=Page 45 (Review 129, 80, 15, 110, 7, 72, 133, 137, 105).=

146. Se fue _el ano pasado_. He went off last year.

=Page 46 (Review 40, 9, 53, 137, 32, 96).=

147. Me _dio a entender_. He gave me to understand.

=Page 47 (Review 68, 119, 80, 47, 25, 81, 16).=

=Page 48 (Review 27, 119, 47, 59, 80, 98).=

148. O algo _por el estilo_. Or something of the kind.

=Page 49 (Review 30, 141, 53, 65).=

149. Cuento _con_ el. I count on him.

=Page 50 (Review 83).=

150. Como _ibamos_ diciendo. As we were saying.

=Page 51 (Review 83, 133, 53, 113, 98, 80).=

=Page 52 (Review 53, 29, 133, 74, 80, 99, 61).=

151. Se vestia _lujosa_ y He dressed luxuriously and
elegantemente elegantly.

=Page 53 (Review 3, 53, 135, 113).=

152. _Cual si_ hubiese visto. As if he had seen.

=Page 54 (Review 88, 113, 81, 12, 77).=

153. No tengo nada _que_ hacer. I have nothing to do.

=Page 55 (Review 40, 53, 32, 61).=

154. _A mi ver_ es asi. In my opinion it is thus.

=Page 56 (Review 16, 99, 88, 150).=

155. Buenas noches. Good night!

156. i_Que_ diablo! Zounds! The deuce!
(cf. note 62, 3).

=Page 57 (Review 50, 12, 52, 6).=

=Page 58 (Review 47, 15, 119, 99).=

157. _Ya_ ve V. (cf. 120). Now you see.

N.B. _Ya_ is often merely emphatic.

158. ?Que le parece a V. eso? How does that strike you?

=Page 59 (Review 101, 32, 53, 137, 38, 143, 83).=

159. _A pesar de_ esto. In spite of this. 160. _Me llamo_ Juan. My name is John. 161. Volvio _a_ los ocho dias He returned after a week. (cf. 49). 162. Anduvo _desde_ Madrid He walked from Madrid as far as _hasta_ Paris. Paris.

=Page 60 (Review 38, 29, 112, 53).=

=Page 61 (Review 16, 31).=

163. _Se asio de_ mi mano. He seized my hand.

=Page 62 (Review 103, 41, 7, 53, 83, 22).=

=Page 63 (Review 12, 160, 133, 101, 61, 35, 50, 31).=

164. _A pesar nuestro_, lo oimos In spite of ourselves, we heard it. (cf. 159). 165. _De_ cuando _en_ cuando. From time to time.

=Page 64 (Review 66, 23, 5, 161, 8, 57).=

=Page 65 (Review 18, 6, 23, 53, 50, 133, 147, 59, 65).=

=Page 66 (Review 136, 30, 83, 62, 119).=

166. Es _cuanto_ tengo. That is all I have.

=Page 67 (Review 29, 6, 28, 35, 9, 47).=

=Page 68 (Review 65, 122, 162, 61).=

167. Me _sirve de_ cocinero. He serves me as cook.

=Page 69 (Review 76, 137, 9, 32, 5, 42, 66).=

168. _Tiene_ tres anos. He is three years old. 169. Lo conozco _de_ nombre. I know him by name.

=Page 70 (Review 32, 70, 53, 31, 15, 59, 39).=

=Page 71 (Review 117, 160, 68, 18, 30, 133).=

=Page 72 (Review 98, 47, 8, 104, 31).=

=Page 73 (Review 32, 99, 79, 30, 81).=

=Page 74 (Review 160, 16, 59, 150, 58, 30).=

=Page 76 (Review 166, 47).=

=Page 77 (Review 148, 38, 41, 58, 35, 59).=

170. Me lo dio _de balde_. He gave it to me gratis. 171. Es hermosa, y rica _por She is beautiful, and rich into _anadidura_. the bargain.

=Page 78 (Review 138, 40, 28, 82, 12, 148).=

172. ?Tiene V. sueno? Are you sleepy? 173. ?Que tiene V.? What is the matter with you? No tengo nada. Nothing is the matter with me. 174. Sabe V. leer? Do you know _how_ to read?

=Page 79 (Review 132, 15, 52, 35, 110, 12).=

175. Hace luna. The moon shines. 176. Venga V. _en cuanto_ Come as soon as day dawns. amanezca.

=Page 80 (Review 159, 47, 66, 176, 73, 80).=

177. Voy _a casa de_ mi tio. I am going to my uncle's house. 178. Manana _estara de vuelta_. He will be back to-morrow. 179. Vino _el tal_ hombre. The said man (_or_ this same man) came.

=Page 81 (Review 14, 16, 104, 110, 39, 9).=

180. _Huele a_ hereje. This smacks of heresy.

=Page 82 (Review 18, 144, 1, 30, 178, 88, 96).=

=Page 83 (Review 122, 72, 80).=

181. _Echo al correo_ ambas He mailed both letters. cartas. 182. Tomabamos el sol. We were sunning ourselves.

=Page 84 (Review 15, 89, 6, 159, 40, 62, 135).=

183. Tres anos hace que _reside_ He has been living here for three aqui. years. Tres anos hacia que _residia_ He had been living here for three aqui. years. 184. No _trato de_ hacerlo. He did not try to do it.

=Page 85 (Review 16, 91, 66, 79, 72, 39, 47).=

185. _Se hizo_ soldado. He became a soldier. _Hecho_ ya un hombre. Having already become a man.

=Page 86 (Review 160, 8).=

186. El libro, _o mas bien_ The book, or rather manuscript.
manuscrito.

=Page 87 (Review 157, 28, 80, 66, 70, 178, 60).=

=Page 88 (Review 137, 57, 181).=

187. He _tenido_ noticias. I have received news.

=Page 89 (Review 79, 59, 113, 93, 68, 76, 42).=

188. La ventana _da_ al jardin. The window opens on the garden.

=Page 90 (Review 81,104,41,75,116,185,9,31,12).=

=Page 91 (Review 7, 106, 29, 47, 99).=

=Page 92 (Review 61, 12, 53, 31, 16, 40, 2, 99).=

189. _Pues bien_, que venga Well then, let him come.
(cf. 72).

=Page 93 (Review 64, 21).=

=Page 94 (Review 66, 179, 8, 22, 96, 167, 60).=

=Page 95 (Review 12, 181, 40, 28, 59, 119).=

=Page 96 (Review 48, 27, 168, 15, 155).=

190. Se le olvidaba. He was forgetting. 191. Lloraba _a lagrima viva_. He was weeping bitterly. 192. Por lo pronto. For the present.

=Page 97 (Review 53,57,21,160,92,99).=

=Page 98 (Review 32,167,17,174,79,103,158).=

193. No _tengo miedo_. I am not afraid.

=Page 99 (Review 17,149,66,95,50).=

=Page 100 (Review 114,155,120,15,109).=

194. ?Como va de salud? How's your health?

=Page 101 (Review 125,9,179,22).=

195. Se viste _a la_ francesa. He dresses himself in the French fashion. 196. Vino _a su vez_. He came in his turn. 197. _Dista_ poco de aqui. It is not very far from here.

=Page 102 (Review 72,107,6,53,160,99,16).=

=Page 103 (Review 170, 141, 132).=

198. _Me_ lo compro _a_ mi. He bought it of me. 199. Lo se _de cierto_. I know it quite certainly.

=Page 104 (Review 140, 82, 150).=

=Page 105 (Review 59, 30, 157, 15,115, 12, 14, 132).=

200. ?No _cae_ V.? Don't you understand? 201. _Dio principio_ al trabajo. He made a beginning of the work. 202. Lo hizo _repetidas veces_. He did it several times.

=Page 106 (Review 66, 122, 99, 5).=

=Page 107 (Review 88, 133, 125).=

203. _Llamo_ a la puerta. He knocked at the door.

=Page 108 (Review 32, 57, 83, 179, 69, 106, 157, 30).=

204. Es mejor _de lo que_ yo creia. It is better than I thought. 205. Me _hablo al oido_. He whispered to me.

=Page 109 (Review 98, 47, 88, 112, 99, 76).=

=Page 110 (Review 1, 12, 142, 53, 99, 103).=

=Page 111 (Review 77, 132).=

=Page 112 (Review 48, 167, 185, 32).=

=Page 113 (Review 64, 1, 7, 60, 77, 9, 46).=

206. ?_Se pone_ el sol o Is the sun setting or rising?
_sale_?

=Page 114 (Review 12, 98, 92).=

207. i_Que_ cielo _tan_ What a lovely sky!
hermoso!

=Page 115 (Review 39, 77, 48).=

208. Camina muy _de prisa_. He goes very rapidly.

=Page 116 (Review 64, 47, 197, 12).=

=Page 117 (Review 61, 15).=

=Page 118 (Review 29, 32, 59, 132, 45).=

=Page 119 (Review 59, 97, 149, 56, 93, 77, 99, 207).=

209. _Por donde quiera_ que vaya. Wherever he may go.

=Page 120 (Review 50, 22, 3).=

=Page 121 (Review 83, 113, 77, 54, 112, 61).=

=Page 122 (Review 96, 45, 57, 15).=

=Page 123 (Review 56, 15, 53, 99, 81).=

210. ?_Es que_ ha empezado? Has it begun (_lit._ is it
(true) that it has begun)?

=Page 124 (Review 80, 59).=

=Page 125 (Review 60, 57, 48, 12, 33, 59).=

=Page 126 (Review 9, 209, 207).=

=Page 127 (Review 15, 16, 197, 101, 83).=

211. No puedo mas. I can do (_or_ stand) no
more.

=Page 128 (Review 40, 18, 98, 112, 61, 9, 57, 53).=

212. Lo _perdi de vista_. I lost sight of it.

=Page 129 (Review 168, 85).=

213. Iban _por todas partes_. They went in every direction.

NOTES (p143)

(The first figures refer to pages of text, and second figures to the reference figures in text).

1-1: =Capitania general=: headquarters of the Captain general, who has supreme military authority in his district.

1-2: =Granada=: a province (and its principal city), the former bordering on the Mediterranean. It is full of Moorish remains, including the Alhambra.

1-3: =echado que hubo=: a very common construction = _asi que hubo echado_.

1-4: =edecan=: a corruption of the French _aide-de-camp_.

1-5: =Sr. D.=: _Senor Don_.

1-6: =toitico= = _todito_, diminutive of _todo_. This diminutive ending often adds emphasis.

2-1: =a que= = _para que_.

2-2: =se persigue=: _they have pursued_. The perfect tense value is often represented by the present (and the pluperfect by the imperfect) after _despues_ or _hace_ (ago).

2-3: =se volvio a reir= = _volvio a reirse_, laughed again. _Volver a_, followed by an infinitive, is to be rendered as a formula of repetition, as, _again, once more_, etc.

2-4: =no hay quien lo haga=: _there is no one who can do it_.

2-5: =conoce nadie=: _does anybody know_? Observe that _nadie_ is not necessarily negative. Cf. use of _jamas_, etc.

3-1: =me matan=: a vivid use of the present for the future.

3-2: =vestido de macareno=: _dressed in a loud or striking fashion_. The _macareno_ is a native of one of the districts of Seville.

3-3: =caerme de espaldas=: _to fall on my back_.

3-4: =habia de conocer= = _conoceria_. _Haber de_ followed by the infinitive denotes (_a_) obligation: as: _ha de ser_, it must be; _habra de hacerlo_, he will have to do it; (_b_) futurity (present tense of _haber de_ + infinitive), as: _he de hablar_, I will speak: (_c_) conditioned action (imperfect of _haber de_ + infinitive), as: _quien habia de creer_? who would believe?

3-5: =que haya madre=: _and_ (to think) _that there should be a mother_!

3-6: =Jesus=: the Spaniard, the most Catholic of men, is in the habit of interlarding his speech with copious expletives derived from his religion, such as _Jesus, Ave Maria purisima_, etc., which may often be rendered by the mildest of English substitutes.

3-6: =iQue... muera!=: _may I die! let me die_! As the subjunctive used with imperative value, depends on some desiderative verb understood, the _que_ which would follow that verb is usually retained in Spanish (as in French), though not when _V._ or _VV._ is used.

3-7: =para decirte la buenaventura=: _to tell your fortune_.

4-1: =a todo trapo=: _under full sail_ (lit. _rag_), i.e. _unrestrainedly_.

4-2: =si son de alegria=: _why! they are tears of joy_. _Si_ is often used to introduce an emphatic assertion. It may be translated by an expletive or omitted entirely. Cf. p. 45, line 31 and note.

4-3: =tomado a este hombre=: (_a = from_). The preposition _a_ is regularly used with the value of the English _from_, after verbs like _steal, deprive, buy_, etc.

4-4: =burro en pelo=: _a bare-backed donkey_ (_pelo_ = hair).

4-5: =la mano=: observe the usual idiomatic mode of expressing possession of parts of the body, wearing apparel, etc., by the use of the definite article instead of the possessive adjective _his, her_, etc., the dative pronoun also being often added to indicate the possessor, as: _Yo me corte el dedo_, I cut my finger.

4-6: =se la=: for the possessive value of _se_ cf. the preceding note. Observe also the regular use of _se_ instead of _le_ or _les_ when followed by _la, le, lo_ or their plurals.

4-7: =con todas las veras=: _with all the sincerity_ or _earnestness_. Cf. _de veras_, truly.

4-8: =tarde que (usually _o_) temprano=: _sooner or later_.

4-9: =ya me... ya me=: _whether... or_. For _me_ cf. note p. 4, 3.

5-1: =doy el cante=: _I denounce him_.

5-2: =dices que cuando=: _do you ask when_? _Que_ redundant is required after _decir_ introducing an indirect question. Cf. _digo que no, que si_; I say no, yes.

5-3: =el mes que entra=: _next month_.

5-4: =salir por la tapa de los sesos=: cf. _levantarse la tapa de los sesos_, to blow out one's brains.

5-6: =te ahorco=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1.

5-7: =para esa fecha=: _by that time (date)_.

5-8: =despues de muerto=: _after (he is) dead_.

5-9: =de haber echado tan corto el plazo=: _for having set so near_ (lit. _short_) _a time_.

5-10: =tomo el tole=: _departed hurriedly_.

5-11: =vamos=: (imperative) and _vaya_ (subjunctive) are often used, regardless of their original meaning, as mere interjections. Translate: _come now, well, etc_. Cf. French _allons_.

5-12: =a lo que me conto=: _in view of what... told me_.

5-13: =se va al infierno=: translate _disappears_. (_Infierno_ = infernal regions.)

6-1: =ello es=: _the fact is_.

6-2: =llevarian=: _would live_. Cf. _lleva diez anos de casado_, he has been married ten years.

6-3: =de servicio=: _on service, on duty_.

6-4: =hijos=: _children_.

6-5: =voy de vuelta=: _I am returning_.

6-6: =como he de perder=: _how am I to suffer the loss_? Cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

6-7: =no seas=: _don't be_. Observe that the imperative is never used negatively, being then replaced by the subjunctive.

7-1: =Alicante=: a port on the eastern coast of Spain.

7-2: =Sevilla=: a city of southern Spain (Andalusia) on the Guadalquivir River. Also (as here) the province in which this city is situated.

7-3: =Preparen=: (sc. _ustedes_). This is an order addressed to the bandit's comrades.

7-4: =Tengo seis hijos=: observe that _tener_ (to have) does not take the preposition _a_ before its personal direct object, which likewise omits _a_ when preceded by a numeral, unless certain specific persons are referred to.

7-5: =lo que me digo=: _me_ is an ethical dative (indicating the person interested). Omit in translating.

7-6: =ustedes=: the polite form _ustedes_ is in this single instance substituted in the peasant's speech for _vosotros_, by attraction after the ceremonious word _Caballeros_. Observe that the bandits end by addressing the peasant as _usted_ likewise.

7-7: =mis hijos...iHijos mios!=: observe the variant forms _mis_ and _mios_. For explanation see any grammar (possessive adjectives).

7-8: =el rey Neron=: (i.e. _el emperador_). The Roman emperor Nero (reigned A.D. 54-68) persecuted the Christians, burning them as torches before his palace and making them fight with wild beasts in the arena.

8-1: =iPues no quiere su dinero!=: _well! if he doesn't actually want his money too_!

8-2: =No se como=: _I don't know why_.

8-3: =le habeis robado=: for dative _le_ cf. note _tomado a este hombre_, p. 4, 3.

8-4: =se los=: cf. note _se la_, p. 4, 6.

8-5: =iA la paz de Dios!=: (a familiar formula of leavetaking) _God be with you, good-by_, etc.

8-6: =No habria andado=: _he could not have gone_. The conditional mood is often employed to express conjecture as to a (usually) past event, just as the future indicative is used to express conjecture about a (usually) present event.

8-7: =volver pies atras=: _retrace his steps_.

9-1: =estupefacto=: words having originally an initial _s_ followed by a consonant prefix an _e_ on becoming Spanish, as: _estupor_, stupor; _escuela_, school.

9-2: =se echo... a la cara=: _brought up to a level with his face_. Cf. also note _la mano_, p. 4, 5.

9-3: =cayo redondo=: _fell suddenly_ (collapsed).

9-4: =maldito seas=: a rather exceptional use of the subjunctive for the imperative, though common with the verb _ser_. Cf. last line, page 124.

9-5: =unos canallas=: _canalla_ is feminine in its usual collective meaning: _rabble_. Applied to an individual, however, it agrees in gender.

9-6: =Si conforme soy yo=: _if, just as it was_ (lit. _is_) _I_.

9-7: =se=: (ethical dative). Cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

9-8: =migueletes=: _militiamen_, serving as police for the suppression of brigandage.

9-9: =dandome la espalda=: _turning his back on me_. Cf. note _la mano_, P. 4, 5.

9-10: =a todo escape=: _with the utmost velocity_.

9-11: =se ha quedado con=: _has kept_ (lit. _has remained with_).

10-1: =a otro=: observe that the indefinite article is never used before _otro, -a_.

10-2: =a fe mia=: _upon my word_. Cf. note _a fe que_, p. 12, 6.

10-3: =nadie=: cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5.

10-4: =con sus cinco sentidos=: _with his five senses_, i.e. _with all his heart_.

11-1: =El llamado Manuel=: _the one named Manuel_.

11-2: =Cuesta del Perro=: _Dog's Hill_.

11-3: =Van once=: _that makes eleven_.

11-4: =Sierra de Loja=: a mountain named from _Loja_, a town halfway between the cities of _Granada_ and _Malaga_.

11-5: =la lista nominal=: _the roll-call_.

12-1: =arranco a correr=: _started to run_.

12-2: =del arma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

12-3: =iQue Conde del Montijo ni que nino muerto!=: the expression _nino muerto_ is often thus used in contemptuous rejection of an idea. Translate _the count del Montijo! fiddlesticks_!

12-4: =lo que hay que hacer=: _what must be done_.

12-5: =lo mismo me da=: _it's all one to me_. Cf. _no se me da nada_, I don't care at all.

12-6: =A fe que=: _upon my word; surely_. Cf. note _a fe mia_, p. 10, 2.

13-1: =iNecio de mi!=: _fool that I was!_

13-2: =tan solo=: _only_ (_tan_ redundant and emphatic).

13-3: =inescrutables=: cf. note _estupefacto_, p. 9, 1.

14-1: =?Como que no?=: _que_ is redundant. It is dependent on some form of the verb _decir_ understood: _How can you say that you will not?_

14-2: =iQue no sabe!=: a kindred usage to that in the last note. _Que_ is frequently used in this elliptical and emphatic manner at the beginning of a sentence.

14-3: =ihabra hipocrita igual!=: _can there be_, etc. Cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

14-4: =regalemos el oido=: _flatter; say pleasant things_.

14-5: =ivamos!=: cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.

14-6: =musico mayor=: _military bandmaster_.

14-7: =Palacio=: _the royal palace_.

14-8: =Espartero=: (1792-1879) Spanish general and statesman, at one time regent.

14-9: =ivaya!=: used like _vamos_ above, p. 14, 5.

14-10: =especialidad=: (in familiar parlance) a notability.

14-11: =no he vuelto=: cf. note _se volvio a reir_, p. 2, 3.

15-1: =otro Rossini=: cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1. Rossini: (1792-1868) Italian composer who once enjoyed an immense vogue. His music, light, brilliant, but lacking in sincerity and deeper artistic qualities, is now much neglected.

15-2: =lo que es esta tarde=: _as far as this afternoon is concerned_.

15-3: =ha de tocar=: _must play_. Cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

15-4: =es mi dia=: _it is my saint's day_ (which among Catholics is celebrated as a birthday).

15-5: =papa abuelo=: _dear grandpa._ _Abuelo_ is often used in addressing an old man.

15-6: =iQuita alla!=: a phrase used to express emphatic dissent. Translate _Not much_!

15-7: =Se lo suplica a V.=: _Se = le_, redundant pronoun anticipating _usted_. See note _se la_, p. 4, 6.

16-1: =Mazzepa=: (or rather _Mazeppa_) a Pole, who in punishment for an intrigue, was bound to the back of a horse, which carried him among the Cossacks, where he rose to distinction and high command. _Vide_ Byron's poem _Mazeppa_.

16-2: =Carlos XII=: _(doce_-- the ordinal numerals above _decimo_ not being used with names of sovereigns) _Charles XII_, king of Sweden (lived 1682-1718). He fought, at first with brilliant success, against the Czar, Peter the Great, but was ultimately defeated.

16-3: =Carlos e Isabel=: Fernando VII (see notes _Fernando_, pp. 34, 5 and 51, 17) left the Spanish throne to his daughter, _Isabel II_, but _Don Carlos_. her uncle, laid claim to it by virtue of the Salic law excluding women from the throne. A long and disastrous civil warfare ensued between his party, the _Carlistas_, and the party of the queen-regent, Maria Cristina, the _Cristinos_.

16-4: =Estoy por decir=: _I am on the point of saying_.

16-5: =buenos humos tenia=: _was much too proud_.

16-6: ni (al lucero, etc.): _even_. The negative is intruded from the underlying negative psychologic notion: Ramon would not have suffered an affront--not even from, etc. Cf. note _ni_, p. 99, 3. =lucero del alba=: the planet _Venus_, bearing (as morning star) the name _Lucifer_. For _el alba_ cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

16-7: =morrion=: a kind of tall helmet-cap, worn by the _Cristinos_.

16-8: =boina=: a round woolen cap, worn by the Carlists.

16-9: =el Principado=: the territory of _Asturias_, in the north of Spain. The term is also applicable to _Cataluna_ in the northeast of Spain.

17-1: =regularmente=: (i.e. _segun reglas; naturalmente) presumably_.

17-2: =no te expongas=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.

17-3: =se la ha fumado=: for _se_ cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

17-4: =El que no asista=, etc.: a very loosely constructed sentence. Translate: _If either of us does not appear_, etc.

18-1: =alaveses=: _natives of Alava_, a Basque province in the north of Spain.

18-2: =boina blanca de carlista=: see note _boina_, p. 16, 8.

18-3: =pistoletazo=: _pistol-shot_. Observe the use of the ending _azo_, denoting a blow, cut, or shot with a weapon.

18-4: =era de suponer=: _it was to be supposed; it was presumable_.

18-5: =habra perecido=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

18-6: =da razon=: _give an account_.

19-1: =habian despertado=: (intransitive).

20-1: =a una voz=: _with one voice_.

20-2: =por ultimo=: _finally_. Cf. _por fin_.

21-1: =Animas=: ringing of bells, generally at sunset, inviting to prayer for the souls of the dead.

21-2: =el nombre de siempre=: _the same name as always_. Cf. _lo de siempre,_ the same as ever.

21-3: =Como sabras=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

21-4: =cristino=: see =note= _Carlos e Isabel_, p. 16, 3.

22-1: =al salir el sol=: at sunrise (_el sol_ is the subject of _salir_).

22-2: =veintiun=: (for _veinte y un_.) Observe that _uno_ in compounds is not pluralized and drops _o_ before a noun. Other compounds are similarly formed, e.g. _dieciseis, veintiseis_.

23-1: =tanto me conocia=: _knew me so well_.

23-2: =un corneta=: the nouns _corneta, trompeta_, etc., used in the feminine, denote the instrument, and in the masculine, the player.

24-1: =sabre musica=: ordinarily the definite article is used before a noun employed in a general sense. Here a partitive sense is hinted: _I shall know_ (some) _music_.

25-1: =mi vida se reducia a soplar=: _I passed all my time in playing_ (_soplar_, to blow).

25-2: =notabilidades=: _noted men; celebrities_.

25-3: =al ave=: _el_ replaces _la_ before feminine nouns beginning with accented _a_ or _ha. Un_ is occasionally used for _una_ in the same cases (not academic).

25-4: =me encontre con que=, etc.: _con_ governs the whole following clause as its object. Psychologically an intervening noun is indicated: _I met with_ (the discovery) _that I could not_, etc.

25-5: =haga son=: (make sound) _play_. Alarcon has accented _son_ to distinguish it from the verb _son_.

26-1: =Pedro Pablo Rubens=: Peter Paul Rubens, the great Flemish painter (1577-1640). He enjoyed much royal patronage, and consequently much of his work is now in the galleries of Spain and France.

26-2: =Castilla la Nueva=: the southern portion of the province of Castile, in central Spain, the northern portion being called _Castilla la Vieja_.

26-3: =de feisima capilla=: _una_ is understood before _feisima_.

26-4: =al momento=: _instantly_.

26-5: =delante=: _in front_ (of himself).

26-6: =Descendimiento=: _descent_ (from the cross).

26-7: =que figuraba estar colgado=: _which was represented as being hung_.

27-1: =Velazquez=, etc.: this list includes the greatest names in the history of Spanish painting. They were all contemporaries, though _Murillo_ (1618-1682) was considerably younger than the others.

27-2: =tal maravilla=: _such a marvel_. Observe the frequent omission of the indefinite article before _tal_. Cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1, and also _un tal Garcia_, p. 33, 4.

27-3: =propio=: _personal_.

27-4: =Vos=: _you_ (singular). It is used nominatively and after prepositions, taking a verb in the second person plural. It is more formal than _tu_ and less so than _usted_.

28-1: =de veras=: cf. note _con todas las veras_, p. 4, 7.

28-2: =esta de cuerpo presente=: _is lying in state_.

28-3: =el alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

28-4: =que puede=: _que_ is redundant.

28-5: =se habra serenado=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

29-1: =en son de burla=: _by way of a jest_. Cf. note _haga son_, p. 25, 5.

29-2: =compraros=: _to buy of you_. Cf. note _tomado a este hombre_, p. 4, 3.

29-3: =inmortal=: observe the variation from the English form, as in Spanish _c_ and _n_ are the only consonants doubled. The Spanish equivalents of English words with initial _imm_ are written _inm_.

29-4: =habeis de saber=: cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

29-5: =por ir unido=: _because of its being associated_.

29-6: =ivamos!=: cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.

30-1: =un alma=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

30-2: =el grande artista=: the apocopated form _gran_, usual before initial consonants, is not favored before vowels.

30-3: =siglo=: _world_ (lit. _cycle, century_). Cf. English use of _secular_.

30-4: =por lo que=: a preposition that logically divides _lo que_ is regularly prefixed.

30-5: =Llevaos=: observe the dropping of final _d_ when _os_ is suffixed.

31-1: =olvidado=: _oblivious_. A number of past participles are employed with the value of present participial adjectives. Cf. _divertido_, amusing.

31-2: =llevarian=: _must have brought_. Cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

31-3: =a lo largo del templo=: (the length of the church) _down one of the longitudinal aisles_.

31-4: =vamonos=: observe the dropping of the final _s_ of the first person plural when _nos_ is suffixed.

31-5: =iCalla!=; _What_! A number of imperative verb-forms are used with the value of mere interjections. Cf. note _vamos_, p. 5, 11.

32-1: =Palacio=: cf. note _Palacio_, p. 14, 7.

32-2: =teniendole a la mesa=: _inviting him to dinner_.

32-3: =se encontro con que=: cf. note _me encontre con que_, p. 25, 4.

33-1: =gallego=: _Galician_. The province of _Galicia_ lies in the northwest corner of Spain.

33-2: =alla por el ano=: _back in the year_.

33-3: =sapos y culebras y agua llovediza=: i.e. popular remedies not recognized in the legitimate _materia medica_.

33-4: =un tal Garcia=: _a certain Garcia_.

33-5: =acaso, y sin acaso=: _quite certainly_.

33-6: =varon ilustre=: a Greek athlete, Milo of Crotona (in southern Italy), frequent victor in the Olympic games. By lifting and carrying a bull-calf daily, he was able, so the legend runs, ultimately to carry the full-grown bull. He came to his death by trying to pull asunder a split tree, which, reacting, held him fast until devoured by the wolves.

33-7: =campar por su respeto=: (to be absolute master of one's own actions) _to have everything one's own way; to have full sway_.

33-8: =se llamara=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

33-9: =las Animas=: cf. note _Animas_, p. 21, 1.

33=10 =?Que hacemos?=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1.

33-11: =Por judio=: _for_ (i.e. as being) _a Jew_ (often used as a term of reprobation).

34-1: =llevo echados=: _llevar_ and _tener_ are sometimes used as auxiliaries with a past participle governing (and agreeing with) a direct object. Cf. the Latin _consilium captum habeo_.

34-2: =era mia=: observe that the article is usually omitted when the verb _ser_ is followed by the possessive adjective (contrary to the French usage).

34-3: =habia de esperar=: cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

34-4: =iToma! Como que vendia=: _Why_! (cf. note _icalla!_ p. 31, 5) _didn't he sell_ (_como que_, inasmuch as).

34-5: =Fernando VII=: a weak and tyrannical monarch who began to reign in 1808, but yielded his crown to Napoleon I. Restored to power in 1814, he reigned till 1833. Cf. also note p. 51, 7.

34-6: =que algazara traen=: _what a noise they are making_.

34-7: =entramos=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, I.

34-8: =cuartos... ochavos=: the _cuarto_ (1/4) was a small copper coin (obsolete) worth four _maravedis_. _Cuarto_ is also, however, a (fourth) part of a lacerated body--cf. the English _draw and quarter_. _Hacer cuartos_ may be translated by this phrase and _hacer ochavos_ by _make mincemeat_.

34-9: =ochavo=: (1/8) half a _cuarto_.

34-10: =corrian la francachela=: _were carousing_.

35-1: =contaria=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

35-2: =dijerase=: in either member of a conditional sentence (i.e. condition or conclusion) the simple tense may be substituted for the compound one. Thus _dijerase_ = _se hubiera_ (or _habria_) _dicho_.

35-3: =alguna vez=: _sometimes_. _Vez_ is often used in the singular with plural value. Cf. _rara vez_, rarely.

35-4: =Quien... quien=: are used as correlatives: _this one... that one_. _Cual... cual_ are used in the same way. They then bear the accent-- which otherwise is used only when _quien_ and _cual_ are interrogative or exclamatory.

35-5: =2 de Mayo=: the 2d of May, 1808, is one of the great days in the annals of Spain. Out of loyalty to the royal family, an insurrection of the populace of Madrid took place, which was put down by the French only after the most desperate and heroic resistance by the ill-armed Spaniards.

35-6: =cual=: supply _habia contado_, as after _quien_.

35-7: =batalla de las Piramides=: won by General Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1798, in the neighborhood of the Pyramids of Ghizeh, in Egypt. The French pretended to be defending Egypt against the Turks.

35-8: =Luis XVI=: (_diez y seis_-- cf. note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2) Louis was guillotined in 1793 by the republican government (_la Convention_) which had usurped his power.

35-9: =ninguno=: cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5.

35-10: =del Cesar=: _of the emperor_. Cf. the manner in which the name of Caesar has become a fixed title in _Czar_ and _Kaiser_.

35-11: =a Espana=: a geographical name (not preceded by the article) is preceded by the preposition _a_ when it is the direct object of a verb.

35-12: =quijotescas=: quixotic, extravagantly romantic.

36-1: =Sanson=: cf. note _Sanson_, p. 41, 1.

36-2: =Milon de Crotona=: cf. note _varon ilustre_, p. 33, 6.

36-3: =Rey Catolico=: Ferdinand V of Spain, husband of Isabella I, the patroness of Columbus. He occupied the throne after her death.

36-4: =Quirinal=: the Italian royal palace, formerly the summer residence of the popes.

36-5: =Alejandro Borja=: Rodrigo Borgia, a Spaniard, became pope in 1492. Died 1503.

36-6: =como bueno=: _like a hero_.

36-7: =Cosenza... Pavia=: the first three cities are in southern Italy; _Pavia_ is a town of northern Italy (near Milan), the scene of a battle in which Francis I of France was defeated by the Spanish in 1525. He remained a prisoner in Spain till 1526.

36-8: =Murat=: the apothecary is not quite able to repress his hatred of Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law and commander at Madrid, particularly detested because of his barbarous massacre of the _Madrilenos_ after the _dos deMayo_ (cf. note _2 de Mayo_, p. 35, 5).

36-9: =Francisco I=: _(primero)_ cf. note on _Pavia_ above. Cf. also remark on _doce_ in note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2.

36-10: =en esto=: _hereupon; at this moment_.

37-1: =vendran=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

37-2: =vecinos=: (lit. _neighbors_) _citizens; townspeople_.

37-3: =que no=: _= y no_ (used adversatively).

37-4: =Fernando=: cf. note _Fernando VII_, p. 34, 5.

37-5: =Galicia=: cf. note _gallego_, p. 33, 1.

37-6: =a que=: cf. note _a que,_ p. 2, 1.

37-7: =mancebo=: _clerk_, especially a drug clerk.

37-8: =recado de escribir=: _writing materials_.

37-9: =Deuda=: _debit_.

38-1: =Vos=: cf. note _Vos_, p. 27, 4.

38-2: =habreis matado=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

38-3: =Pireneos=: Pyrenees Mountains, dividing Spain from France.

38-4: =a la derecha=: in this phrase, and in _a la izquierda_ (to the left), the feminine is always used. Cf. the French usage.

38-5: =Volvamos a empezar=: cf. note _se volvio a reir_, p. 2, 3.

38-6: =?Quien calcula eso?=: _who can calculate that?_ (a vivid form).

39-1: =orden=: denoting a succession or arrangement, is masculine; denoting a command, it is feminine.

39-2: =suma por separado=: _add up separately_.

39-3: =nos hemos bebido=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

39-4: =o sean=: (followed by a singular substantive, _o sea_) _or_.

40-1: =Ya es hora=: _it is time now_.

40-2: =iQue entren=: cf. note _que... muera_, p. 3, 6.

40-3: =En esto=: cf. note _en esto_, p. 36, 10.

40-4: =vecinos=: cf. note _vecinos_, p. 37, 2.

40-5: =toque de agonia=: _passing bell; knell for the dying_.

40-6: =ni=: _even_. Observe that _ni_, like many of the Spanish negative pronouns and adverbs, sometimes loses its negative value. Cf. note _conoce nadie_, p. 2, 5, and the use of _ninguno_, p. 35, line 23.

41-1: =Sanson=: _Samson_, who destroyed the Philistines by pulling down the column of their temple. _Vide_ Book of Judges, xiii-xvi.

41-2: =Pavia=: cf. note _Cosenza... Pavia,_ p. 36, 7.

41-3: =hierros=: here used poetically for _espadas_, swords.

41-4: =adheridos=: cf. note _olvidado_, p. 31, 1.

41-5: =no se esperaba=: cf. note _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5.

41-6: =no teneis para que=: _you have no reason_.

41-7: =no los toqueis=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.

42-1: la Coruna: the principal port of Galicia (cf. note _gallego_, p. 33, 1).

42-2: Vierais: cf. note _dijerase_, p. 35, 2.

43-1: =creais a puno cerrado=: _believe implicitly_ (lit. _with clenched fists_).

43-2: =presumo de liberal=: _I pride myself on being a liberal_ (and hence inclined to anti= clericalism as well as republicanism).

43-3: =icuidado que=: _take note that_.

43-4: =Delfinado=: _Dauphine_, a province in the southeast of France, bordering on Italy.

43-5: =que lo que sea no lo se=: _for I don't exactly know what it is_.

44-1: =y maldita la falta que me hacia=: _and little need had I. Maldito_ is often used colloquially as a negative word.

44-2: =ihombre! ime gusta!=: _well! I like that!_ The vocative _hombre_ is frequently used to express surprise, expostulation, etc. Here it is evidently addressed to a mere schoolboy.

44-3: =tierra adentro=: _inland_.

44-4: =Piamonte=: _Piedmont,_ a province of northern Italy.

44-5: =que aprendan=: cf. note _iQue... muera,_ p. 3, 6.

44-6: =a ver=: _let us see. A ver_ may sometimes be rendered more freely, as _here! look here_!

44-7: =rendidos=: _worn out_.

44-8: =veintisiete=: cf. note _veintiun_, p. 22, 2.

44-9: =Gerona=: a city of Cataluna (province of northeastern Spain). It surrendered to the French in 1808, after heroically sustaining a siege for seven months.

44-10: =no creais=: cf. note _no seas,_ p. 6, 7.

44-11: =ello es=: cf. note _ello es,_ p. 6, 1.

44-12: =Perpinan=: _Perpignan,_ a Mediterranean port of France a few miles from the Spanish frontier.

44-13: =Dijon=: a large French city, about two hundred miles southeast of Paris, in the direction of Geneva.

44-14: =el por que=: _the reason_ (lit. _the wherefore_).

44-15: =pasaba=: _allowed_.

44-16: =sin embargo de=: (== _a pesar de) in spite of._

44-17: =divertidos=: cf. note _olvidado,_ p. 31, 1.

44-18: =en tanto que=: _while_.

45-1: =Prefecto=: _prefect_, the head of a French department, corresponding in a way to the governor of a state in the United States.

45-2: =boletas de alojamiento=: _billets_ (tickets directing soldiers in what house to lodge).

45-3: =a la izquierda=: cf. note _a laderecha_, p. 38, 4.

45-4: =ventana de reja=: _grated window_.

45-6: =diputado a Cortes=: _deputy_, member of the legislative body (_Cortes_).

45-6: =Almeria=: city and province on the southern coast of Spain.

45-7: =cosa que puede preguntarse=: _a thing that will bear inquiring into_.

45-8: =habra contado=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

45-9: =que lo busque=: cf. note _que... muera_, p. 3, 6.

45-10: =Le Pape!=: (French) _the Pope!_

45-11: =con un palmo de boca abierto=: _open-mouthed; agape_.

45-12: =papa abuelo=: cf. note _papa abuelo_, p. 15, 5.

45-13: =A ver=: cf. note _a ver_, p. 44, 6.

45-14: =Toma=: cf. note _calla_, p. 31, 5.

45-15: =iY si esta parado!=: _but it is stopped_. Cf. p. 4, line 12 and note.

46-1: =Le Pontife=: (French): _the pontiff, the Pope_.

46-2: =Oui, monsieur. Le Pape! Pie sept=: (French) _yes, sir. The Pope! Pius VII._

46-3: =Pio VII=: (_setimo_ or _septimo_) cf. note _Carlos XII_, p. 16, 2. Pius VII was pope 1800-1823.

46-4: =En aquel entonces=: _at that time._

46-5: =recibo de contribucion=: _tax receipt_.

46-6: =ser=: used as a noun, is by some accented to distinguish it from the verb.

47-1: =brillaban que era un contento=: _shone (so) that it was a delight_.

47-2: =en cambio=: _on the other hand._

48-1: =que cuanto veiamos=: (= _que tanto cuanto veiamos_): _than everything we saw_.

48-2: =el Oriente=: the reference is to Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign in 1798. Cf. note _batalla de las Piramides_, p. 35, 7.

48-3: =Silla de San Pedro=: papal throne.

48-4: =he de deciros=: cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

48-5: =por lo que a mi hace=: _as far as I am concerned; as for me_.

49-1: =por el que=: _el que, la que_, etc., are frequently used as pure relatives with the value of _el cual_, etc.

49-2: =a Roma=: cf. note _a Espana_, p. 35, 11. Rome was the capital of the _estados pontificios_, which included a large part of Italy. In the papal states the Pope exercised temporal as well as spiritual power.

49-3: =Quirinal=: cf. note p. 36, 4.

49-4: =Sant-Angelo=: (Italian), a fortified castle on the Tiber at Rome, defending the papal palace, the Vatican.

49-5: =bandera tricolor=: _the tri-colored flag_, the red, white, and blue flag adopted in France at the time of the Revolution.

49-6: =consummatum est=: (Latin), _it is finished_ (the last words of Christ on the cross).

49-7: =hachazos=: cf. note _pistoletazo_, p. 18, 3.

49-8: =Sala de las Santificaciones=: one of the apartments of the Vatican.

49-9: =el Rey de Roma=: i.e. the Pope.

50-1: =roquete y muceta=: _rochet_ (surplice with narrow sleeves) _and_ purple _mantle_ (worn over the rochet).

50-2: =estados Romanos=: cf. note _a Roma_, p. 49, 2.

50-3: =cuatro reales de vellon=: four _reales_ make a _peseta_, approximately of the same value as the _papetto_ (Italian), a papal coin worth a little more than a _lira_ or approximately twenty cents of our coin.

50-4: =puerta del Popolo=: (Italian: _Porta del Popolo_) one of the gates of Rome.

50-5: =voy alla= (or _alla voy_): _I am coming to that_.

51-1: =Ello fue=: cf. note _ello es_, p. 6, 1.

51-2: =a Cataluna=: cf. note _el Principado_, p. 16, 9, and note _a Espana_, p. 35, 11.

51-3: =se me ha olvidado=: _I have forgotten_.

51-4: =Bailen=: a city of southern Spain (Andalusia), the scene of a signal victory of the Spanish over the French, who capitulated to the number of 20,000 (1808). =Zaragoza=, a city in northeastern Spain (Aragon), the scene of two sieges (1808-1809), the Spanish holding out with desperate heroism against the French invaders, and only surrendering after 50,000 of themselves had perished.

51-5: =paladin=: this term was applied to the knights of Charlemagne, and by extension, to any knight errant, or chivalrous and warlike hero.

51-6: =cruzado=: _crusader_ (from _cruz_, cross, which was worn as a badge).

51-7: =Fernando VII=: cf. note _Fernando_, p. 34, 5. Ferdinand welcomed the intervention of the French in Spain to support him in his absolutism against the advanced party, which clamored for constitutional liberties. The French expedition (1823) was completely successful, the resistance being so slight that the French describe the invasion as a _promenade militaire_.

51-8:= en contra nuestra=: _in opposition to us_.

52-1: =seguian con sus gorros encasquetados=: _kept on their caps_ (lit. _continued with_, etc.).

52-2: =como quien hace=: _like (one) who makes_.

52-3: =pulcra y pobremente=: _neatly though poorly_. When two or more adverbs ending in _mente_ are joined by a conjunction, the first one loses this termination.

52-4: =calle de Amargura=: the _Via Dolorosa_, or road passed over by Jesus bearing the cross to the place of crucifixion.

53-1: =Santo Padre=: _holy Father_, i.e. _the Pope_, while _Padre Santo_ is one of the Fathers of the church, as Saint Augustine, etc.,--a distinction not always observed,--cf. line 22.

53-2: =Lo de menos=: _a far less important matter_.

53-3: =Vive le Pape=: (French) _long live the Pope_.

54-1: =la orden=: cf. note _orden_, p. 39, 1.

54-2: =Chateaubriand= (1768-1848): a great French writer. He chose to be a kind of official paladin of Catholicism.

54-3: =del hacha=: cf. note _al ave_, p. 25, 3.

55-1: =echar por tierra=: _throw to the ground_.

55-2: =Don Quijote, Sancho Panza=: the would-be knight errant and his squire, the chief figures of Cervantes' immortal story of Don Quixote, published in 1605. The passage is from part II, cap. XLII, _sub fine_.

55-3: =Guerra de la Independencia=: (1808-1814): the war waged against Napoleon, who invaded Spain in 1808.

55-4: =ha de transigir=: _must compromise_. Cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

55-5: =segun que=: nearly always _segun_ is followed by the verb without the intervening _que_.

55-6: =muy de cerca=: _very intimately_.

56-1: =abuelo=: cf. note _papa abuelo_, p. 15, 5.

56-2: =Linares=: mining town near _Almeria_.

56-3: =Gador=: mining town near _Almeria_.

56-4: =Usted ira=: _and you are going_--

56-5: =Almeria=: cf. note p. 45, 6.

56-6: =a la galera=: _beyond the wagon_.

56-7: =quitarse el sombrero=: cf. note _se la_, p. 4, 6.

56-8: =?Por que he de negarlo?=: _why should I deny it_? Cf. note _habia de conocer_, p. 3, 4.

56-9: =andar largo=: _to go far_.

56-10: =eche V. por esa vereda=: _strike into that path_.

57-1: =A ver=: cf. note _a ver_, p. 44, 6.

57-2: =por mas senas=: _what is more_ (a formula used in citing an additional circumstance, detail, or argument).

57-3: =Sientese V.=: observe that this form may come from _sentar_ as well as from _sentir_.

57-4: =cigarro de papel=: _cigarette_.

57-5: =Vaya=: cf. note _icalla!_ p. 31, 5.

57-6: =Delgadillo=: _pretty thin_.

58-1: =echo unas yescas=: _struck a light_ (_yesca_, tinder).

58-2: =Flojillo es=: _it_ (the cigar) _is pretty thin_.

58-3: =Gergal=: town of southern Spain, near _Almeria_.

58-4: =un polaco=: many Poles served under Napoleon. It was expected that he would restore Poland to a place among the nations. It had been partitioned between Russia, Austria, and Germany in the latter part of the eighteenth century.

58-5: =ano 23=: cf. p. 51 and note on _Fernando VII_, p. 51, 7.

58-6: =Estara apuntado=: cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

58-7: =rezan=: (lit. _pray_)_ tell, recount_ (colloquialism).

58-8: =se lo cree a puno cerrado=: cf. notes _lo que me digo_, p. 7, 5, and _creais_, etc., p. 43, 1.

58-9: =tres duros y medio=: a humorous expression, _duro_ (dollar) equal to 20 _reales_, being used for _score_.

58-10: =mes de San Juan=: i.e. June.

58-11: =el polaco aquel=: (colloquial) _that Pole_.

58-12: =bribonazo=: _great rogue_. The ending _azo_ is often merely augmentative. Cf. also note _pistoletazo_, p. 18, 3.

58-13: =otro=: Napoleon III, emperor of France (1852-1870).

58-14: =mamelucos de Oriente=: The Mamelukes were a body of militia, operating in Egypt, under Turkish command. The curate apparently regards the Turks as a necessary barrier for preventing the Russians from overflowing Occidental Europe. Some commentators have succeeded in finding this calamity foretold in the Book of Revelation.

58-15: =Gador=: cf. note _Gador_, p. 56, 3.

58-16: =rusos y moscovitas=: These words are synonymous.

58-17: =Constitucion=: most of the political activity of Spain, during the nineteenth century, was expended on the creation and maintenance of a constitution, in spite of domestic opposition, and even of foreign intervention. Cf. note _Fernando VII_, p. 51, 7.

58-18: =Finana=: a town near _Almeria_. Cf. note p. 45, 6.

58-19: =segun supe=: cf. note _segun que_, p. 55, 5; cf. also note _supe_, p. 63, 2.

58-20: =llevara=: _must have passed_ (i.e. in Paradise). Cf. note _llevarian_, p. 6, 2, and note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

59-1: =Alcazaba=: the _cerro de Alcazaba_, a peak of the Sierra Nevada range, about halfway between the cities of _Granada_ (note 1, 2) and _Almeria_.

59-2: =candil=: an iron _kitchen lamp_ attachable to the wall.

59-3: =llevaba=: cf. note _llevarian_, p. 6, 2.

59-4: =a la media hora=: _after half an hour_.

59-5: =se me ha olvidado=: cf. note, p. 51, 3.

59-6: =en cuanto a=: _as regards_.

59-7: =como miraria=: _how he must have viewed_.

59-8: =didon=: a term used as an insulting equivalent for _Frenchman_, derived from _dis done_ (say!) so frequent in colloquial French.

59-9: =gabacho=: used as a synonym of the preceding. Properly, it is applied to natives of the Pyrenean frontier towns, whose dialect is full of French elements--hence the extension of the term.

60-1: =tengo de costumbre=: _I am accustomed_.

60-2: =picar un cigarro=: _crumble the tobacco for making a cigarette_.

60-3: =caidos=: _sunken_; hecho: _transformed into_.

60-4: =calle de la Amargura=: cf. note, p. 52, 4.

60-5: =Mi querer morir=: The speech of the Pole is ungrammatical, and his verbs are all in the infinitive.

60-6: =franchute=: a contemptuous term, synonymous with Frenchman.

60-7: =cayo redondo=: cf. note, p. 9, 3.

60-8: =iSuba V. ese mulo!=: _fetch up that mule_.

61-1: =?Donde va V.?=: Properly _donde_ is used after verbs of rest, and _adonde_ after verbs of motion.

61-2: =judio=: cf. note _Por judio_, p. 33, 11.

61-3: =Otro=: cf. note _a otro_, p. 10, 1.

61-4: =el que mas=: (sc. _ama_).

61-5: =cuidado con lo que me dices=: _be careful what you say to me_.

61-6: =rompo la crisma=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1. =crisma=: (lit. _chrism_, holy oil used in the sacrament of baptism) _head_.

61-7: =a la muerte=: _muerte_, being personified, takes the preposition _a_. Cf. lines 26 and 28 above.

62-1: =si reflexionarais en que=: _if you think of (the fact) that_. Verbs of _thinking_ are followed by the preposition _en_.

62-2: =sera un quinto=: _is probably a conscript_. Cf. note _no habria andado_, p. 8, 6.

62-3: =ique diablo!=: _why, surely_! The expression has the value of a mere interjection.

62-4: =Batios=: cf. note _llevaos_, p. 30, 5.

62-5: =que sea=: cf. note _iQue muera!_ p. 3, 6.

62-6: =no seais=: cf. note _no seas_, p. 6, 7.

62-7: =iBasta de letanias!=: _enough of talk, or moralizing_! (lit. _litanies_).

62-8: =?que hacemos?=: cf. note _me matan_, p. 3, 1.

63-1: =estaba malo=: _I was sick_. Note the different value of _ser malo_, to be bad, wicked.

63-2: =supe=: _I learned_ (a frequent value of the preterite of _saber_).

64-1: =fue a parar nada menos que a Suecia=: _drifted into no less remote a place than Sweden_.

64-2: =Marques de la Romana=: a Spanish patriot and general, whom Napoleon sent with 15,000 Spaniards to Denmark. When Spain clashed with Napoleon (1808) he reembarked most of his troops and returned to fight against him.

64-3: =tome de ordenanza a Risas=: _I took Risas along as my orderly_.