Chapter IX: THE COSTANO.--The tribes under the supervision of the Mission of

Dolores were five in number; the Ahwastes, the Olhones, or Costanos of the coast, the Romonans, the Tulomos, and the Altatmos. The vocabulary of which the following is an extract was taken from Pedro Alcantara, who was a boy when the Mission was founded, A. D. 1776. He was of the Romonan tribe.

ENGLISH. COSTANO. TSHOKOYEM.

_man_ imhen tai-_esse_.
_woman_ ratichma kuleh-_esse_.
_boy_ shínísmuk yokeh (_small_).
_girl_ katra koyah.
_head_ úle moloh.
_ear_ tuorus ahlohk.
_eye_ rehin shut.
_nose_ ús huk.
_mouth_ werper lapgup.
_tongue_ tassek lehntip.
_tooth_ síít kuht.
_neck_ lani helekke.
_foot_ kolo koyok.
_blood_ payan kichawh.
_sky_ reneme lihlih.
_sun_ ishmen hih.
_moon_ kolma pululuk.
_star_ agweh hittish.
_day_ puhe (_light_) hiahnah.
_night_ moor (_dark_) kawul.
_fire_ roretaon wikih.
_water_ sii kihk.
_river_ orush polah.
_stone_ erek lepeh.
_I_ kahnah kahni.
_thou_ mene mih.
_he_ wahche ikkoh.
_they_ nekumsah mukkam.
_all_ kete mukkam.
_who_ mato mahnti.
_eat_ ahmush yohlomusih.
_drink_ owahto ushu.
_run_ akamtoha hihchiah.
_see_ atempimah ellih.

This shows that it differs notably from the Tshokoyem; the personal pronouns, however, being alike. Again, the word for _man_ = _l-aman-tiya_ in the San Rafael. On the other hand, it has certain Cushna affinities.

Upon the whole, however, the affinities seem to run in the direction of the languages of the next group, especially in that of the Ruslen:--

_I_ = _kah-nah_, Cost. = _ka_ = _mine_, Ruslen.
_Thou_ = _me-ne_, Cost. = _mé_ = _thine_, Ruslen.
_Sun_ = _ishmen_, Cost. = _ishmen_ = _light_, Ruslen.
_Water_ = _sii_, Cost. = _ziy_, Ruslen.
(?) _Boy_ = _shinishmuk_, Cost. = _enshinsh_, Ruslen.
(?) _Girl_ = _katra_, Cost. = _kaana_, Ruslen.

Lest these last three coincidences seem far-fetched, it should be remembered that the phonesis in these languages is very difficult, and that the Ruslen orthography is Spanish, the Costano being English. Add to this, there is every appearance, in the San Miguel and other vocabularies, of the _r_ being something more than the _r_ in _brand_, &c. every appearance of its being some guttural or palatal, which may, by a variation of orthography, be spelt by _l_.

Finally, I remark that the-_ma_ in the Costano _ratich-ma_ = _woman_, is, probably, the-_me_ in the Soledad _mue_ (= _man_) and _shurish-me_ (= _woman_), and the _amk_ (_ank_) of the Ruslen _muguy-amk_ (= _man_) and _latrayam-ank_ (= _woman_); (?) _latraya_ = _ratich_. Nevertheless, for the present I place the Costano by itself, as a transitional form of speech to the languages spoken north, east, and south of the Bay of San Francisco.